CN104328535B - A kind of rabbit hair carding machine - Google Patents
A kind of rabbit hair carding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104328535B CN104328535B CN201410523061.6A CN201410523061A CN104328535B CN 104328535 B CN104328535 B CN 104328535B CN 201410523061 A CN201410523061 A CN 201410523061A CN 104328535 B CN104328535 B CN 104328535B
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- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000085 cashmere Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035617 depilation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282836 Camelus dromedarius Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G21/00—Combinations of machines, apparatus, or processes, e.g. for continuous processing
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及纺织机械，具体是一种兔毛分梳机。The invention relates to textile machinery, in particular to a rabbit hair carding machine.
背景技术Background technique
兔毛与山羊绒等由于原料中纤维粗细混杂同属异质动物纤维。羊绒等的原料粗细差异很大，必须经过分梳机处理以后，去掉粗毛及杂质，所得到的细毛，方可制造高档的针织及机织服装。但是由于兔毛的纤维组织结构中绝大部分都有毛髓，而且兔毛越粗髓腔越发达，因此粗兔毛的密度比细兔毛小(全部为细兔毛时其密度为1.3g/cm3)，绝大部分为粗毛时其密度为1.08g/cm3))，髓腔的存在使其保暖性好；但是使粗细毛之间的重量比较小，而且其强度较低，加工中也易产生飞毛，所以分梳难度较大。因此过去对兔毛的加工不经过分梳工序，主要使用纺纱工艺流程较短的粗梳毛纺系统进行纺纱，为了易于加工多采用兔毛、羊毛及锦纶混纺，而且纺纱支数较低。Rabbit hair and cashmere belong to heterogeneous animal fibers due to the mixed thickness of fibers in the raw materials. Raw materials such as cashmere vary greatly in thickness, and must be processed by a carding machine to remove coarse hair and impurities, and the resulting fine hair can be used to manufacture high-end knitted and woven garments. But because most of the fibrous tissue structure of rabbit hair has hair marrow, and the thicker the rabbit hair, the more developed the marrow cavity, so the density of thick rabbit hair is smaller than that of fine rabbit hair (when all of it is fine rabbit hair, its density is 1.3g /cm 3 ), when most of them are coarse hairs, its density is 1.08g/cm 3) ), the existence of medullary cavity makes it better in warmth; but the weight between coarse and fine hairs is relatively small, and its strength is low, so processing It is also easy to produce flying hairs, so it is more difficult to card. Therefore, in the past, the processing of rabbit hair did not go through the carding process, and the carded wool spinning system with a shorter spinning process was mainly used for spinning. In order to facilitate processing, rabbit hair, wool and nylon blends were often used, and the spinning count was low. .
为了保护我国的兔毛产业，本世纪初，有人利用羊绒分梳机分梳兔毛，但是毕竟兔毛的性能与羊绒不同，用同样的设备及工艺加工兔毛会对兔毛造成很大的损伤，不但分梳质量不好，而且制成率也低；可是为了使用兔毛开发轻薄产品，有的单位还是采用了价格较低的梳棉机对兔毛进行分梳。因为梳棉机梳理强度大，甩粗点也少，要达到成品含粗率在0.5％以下，需在梳棉机上反复梳理至少五遍以上，所得到的分梳兔毛不但长度短、制成率低、短毛率也高。现有技术存在着设备机构复杂、整机跨度长、占用空间大、制造成本高等的缺点，在分梳过程中，粗细兔毛分梳效果不理想和外物杂质干扰等缺点，这些都会给使用者带来一定的损失。In order to protect my country's rabbit hair industry, at the beginning of this century, some people used cashmere carding machines to sort rabbit hair. However, the performance of rabbit hair is different from that of cashmere. Processing rabbit hair with the same equipment and technology will cause great damage Damage, not only the quality of carding is not good, but also the production rate is low; however, in order to use rabbit hair to develop light and thin products, some units still use lower-priced carding machines to card rabbit hair. Because the carding machine has high carding strength and few rough points, it needs to be repeatedly carded on the carding machine for at least five times in order to achieve a finished product with a roughness rate of less than 0.5%. Low, short hair rate is also high. The existing technology has the disadvantages of complex equipment mechanism, long span of the whole machine, large space occupation, high manufacturing cost, etc. During the carding process, the shortcomings of unsatisfactory carding effect of thick and thin rabbit hair and interference of foreign objects will be given to the user. cause certain losses.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明拟解决的技术问题是，提供一种兔毛分梳机。该分梳机结构简单、操作方便、对纤维损伤少、分梳效率高，去粗去杂效果好；并且机器占地面较小，能耗低。经过分梳机的处理，可去除原兔毛中的绝大部分粗毛及杂质。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rabbit hair carding machine. The carding machine has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, less damage to fibers, high carding efficiency, and good effect of removing roughness and impurities; the machine occupies a small area and has low energy consumption. After being processed by a carding machine, most of the rough hair and impurities in the original rabbit hair can be removed.
本发明解决所述技术问题的技术方案是，提供一种兔毛分梳机，包括顺序连接的喂入部分、梳理部分、导毛板和毛箱，其特征在于还包括连接于梳理部分与导毛板之间的开松甩粗部分；The technical solution of the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a rabbit hair carding machine, which includes a sequentially connected feeding part, a carding part, a hair guide plate and a hair box, and is characterized in that it also includes a The loose and rough part between the rough boards;
所述开松甩粗部分包括至少两组开松甩粗部件和抽吸装置；所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的第一组开松甩粗部件包括甩粗辊、剥毛辊、气流罩、内吸风管、尘笼、光面压辊和外吸风管；所述甩粗辊、剥毛辊、尘笼和光面压辊顺序连接；所述剥毛辊外周围具有气流罩；所述尘笼表面具有均匀分布的通孔，尘笼内部具有不可旋转的内吸风管，所述尘笼与气流罩之间具有负压区；内吸风管的一端朝向气流罩的出气口，另一端朝向外吸风管的一端；所述外吸风管的一端朝向内吸风管，另一端与所述外部抽吸装置相连；The loosening and shaking part includes at least two groups of opening and shaking parts and a suction device; the first group of opening and shaking parts in the at least two groups of opening and shaking parts includes roughing rollers, hair removal rollers, Airflow hood, inner suction duct, dust cage, smooth press roller and outer suction duct; the roughing roller, hair stripping roller, dust cage and smooth press roller are connected in sequence; the outer periphery of the stripping roller has an airflow cover The surface of the dust cage has uniformly distributed through holes, and the inside of the dust cage has a non-rotatable inner suction duct, and there is a negative pressure zone between the dust cage and the airflow cover; one end of the inner suction duct faces the outlet of the airflow cover An air port, the other end of which is facing one end of the outer suction pipe; one end of the outer suction pipe is facing the inner suction pipe, and the other end is connected to the external suction device;
所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的其余组开松甩粗部件包括给毛板、给毛罗拉、甩粗辊、剥毛辊、气流罩、内吸风管、尘笼、光面压辊和外吸风管；所述给毛罗拉、甩粗辊、剥毛辊、尘笼和光面压辊顺序连接；所述给毛罗拉下方具有给毛板；所述剥毛辊外周围具有气流罩；所述尘笼表面具有均匀分布的通孔，尘笼内部具有不可旋转的内吸风管，所述尘笼与气流罩之间具有负压区；内吸风管的一端朝向气流罩的出气口，另一端朝向外吸风管的一端；所述外吸风管的一端朝向内吸风管，另一端与所述外部抽吸装置相连。The remaining groups of the at least two groups of loosening and roughing parts include feeding boards, feeding rollers, roughing rollers, peeling rollers, airflow hoods, internal suction ducts, dust cages, and smooth surface presses. Roller and external suction duct; the feeder roller, coarse roller, depilation roller, dust cage and smooth pressure roller are connected in sequence; there is a feeder plate under the feeder roller; there is an airflow around the depilation roller Cover; the surface of the dust cage has evenly distributed through holes, and there is a non-rotatable inner suction pipe inside the dust cage, and there is a negative pressure area between the dust cage and the airflow cover; one end of the inner suction pipe faces the air flow cover The other end of the air outlet is facing one end of the outer suction pipe; one end of the outer suction pipe is facing the inner suction pipe, and the other end is connected with the external suction device.
所述开松甩粗部分包括4-8组开松甩粗部件。The loosening and roughening part includes 4-8 groups of loosening and roughening parts.
所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的尘笼负压区的长度为尘笼周长的1/4。The length of the negative pressure zone of the dust cage in the at least two groups of loosening and throwing coarse parts is 1/4 of the circumference of the dust cage.
所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的尘笼负压区的压力范围是0.01Mpa-0.09Mpa，优选是0.03Mpa-0.05Mpa。The pressure range of the negative pressure area of the dust cage in the at least two groups of loosening and throwing rough parts is 0.01Mpa-0.09Mpa, preferably 0.03Mpa-0.05Mpa.
所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的尘笼通孔的孔径范围是1-5mm。Aperture diameters of the through holes of the dust cages in the at least two groups of loosening and shaking parts are 1-5mm.
至少两组开松甩粗部件中的剥毛辊包有山型针布。The dehairing rollers in at least two groups of loosening and roughing parts are covered with mountain-shaped card clothings.
该兔毛分梳机用于分梳山羊绒、驼绒或牦牛绒。This rabbit hair carding machine is used for carding cashmere, camel hair or yak hair.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1)在工艺上，分梳机全机速度由低到高，如在梳理部分，速度较低，这样在开始对束状纤维分撕及梳理作用缓和，对纤维损伤少，在分撕和剥取转移过程中去掉部分大粗毛。而在开松甩粗部分，由于兔毛皆为单纤维状态，毛层也较薄甩粗辊转速达到300/分以上也不会对纤维造成很大损伤，而且去粗去杂效果好，分梳效果好。(1) In terms of technology, the speed of the whole machine of the carding machine is from low to high. For example, in the carding part, the speed is relatively low, so that the tearing and carding of the bundled fibers are eased at the beginning, and the damage to the fibers is less. Part of the large coarse hairs are removed during the stripping transfer. In the loosening and roughing part, since the rabbit hair is in a single fiber state, the hair layer is relatively thin and the speed of the roughing roller reaches 300/min. Combs well.
(2)本发明通过抽吸装置转移梳理后的细毛，改变原来靠针布挂毛转移的方式，纤维在设备中滞留时间大幅降低，降低纤维损伤，提高分梳效率，分梳完成后粗毛中基本不含细毛。(2) The present invention transfers the fine wool after carding through the suction device, and changes the original method of transferring wool by card clothing, so that the residence time of the fiber in the equipment is greatly reduced, the fiber damage is reduced, and the carding efficiency is improved. Basically free of fine hair.
(3)气流罩的使用减少了飞絮的现象，减少了细兔毛在梳理时的浪费，飞絮的减少优化了工作环境。(3) The use of the airflow hood reduces the phenomenon of flying catkins, reduces the waste of fine rabbit hair when combing, and the reduction of flying catkins optimizes the working environment.
(4)合理选取尘笼负压区的压力范围和尘笼表面通孔的孔径大小，有利于梳理过程中产生的尘杂及兔毛屑通过尘笼上的通孔随内吸风管及外吸风管的气流排出机外，并且有效的在外表面吸附兔毛，提高梳理效率。(4) Reasonably select the pressure range of the negative pressure area of the dust cage and the aperture size of the through hole on the surface of the dust cage, which is conducive to the dust and rabbit hair generated during the carding process to pass through the through hole on the dust cage with the inner suction pipe and the outer suction pipe. The airflow from the suction pipe is exhausted out of the machine, and the rabbit hair is effectively adsorbed on the outer surface to improve the carding efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明兔毛分梳机的一种实施例整体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a kind of overall structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of rabbit hair carding machine of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
虽然本发明将结合其优选实施例进行描述，但可以理解，这并不旨在将本发明限制到该实施例中或在附图中所示部件的布置的细节。下面结合实施例及其附图对本发明方法做进一步说明。While the invention will be described in conjunction with its preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to the details of that embodiment or the arrangement of parts shown in the drawings. The method of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
本发明设计的一种兔毛分梳机，包括顺序连接的喂入部分1、梳理部分2、导毛板4和毛箱5，其特征在于还包括连接于梳理部分2与导毛板4之间的开松甩粗部分3；A kind of rabbit hair carding machine designed by the present invention comprises sequentially connected feeding part 1, carding part 2, hair guide plate 4 and hair box 5, and is characterized in that it also includes a link between carding part 2 and hair guide plate 4. The loosening and throwing part 3 between them;
所述喂入部分1与梳理部分2相连，所述梳理部分2与开松甩粗部分3相连，所述开松甩粗部分3与导毛板5相连，导毛板5下方具有毛箱4。The feeding part 1 is connected to the carding part 2, the carding part 2 is connected to the loosening and roughening part 3, and the loosening and roughening part 3 is connected to the hair guide plate 5, and the hair box 4 is arranged under the hair guide plate 5 .
所述喂入部分1使用自动喂毛机，其作用是将松散的兔毛均匀地送到梳理部分2上。Described feeding part 1 uses automatic hair feeder, and its effect is that loose rabbit hair is sent on the carding part 2 evenly.
所述梳理部分2包括喂毛辊21、开毛辊22、后锡林25、前锡林27，后锡林25和前锡林27之间由转移辊26相连接；所述喂毛辊21、开毛辊22、后锡林25、转移辊26和前锡林27依次连接；所述后锡林25、前锡林27上设有工作辊24和剥毛辊23，所述工作辊24和剥毛辊23至少有三组。经过梳理部分2，块状的兔毛基本变成单纤维状，并在剥取过程中去除部分粗毛。The carding part 2 comprises a feeding roller 21, an opening roller 22, a rear cylinder 25, and a front cylinder 27, and the back cylinder 25 and the front cylinder 27 are connected by a transfer roller 26; the feeding roller 21 , opening roller 22, back cylinder 25, transfer roller 26 and front cylinder 27 are connected successively; Described back cylinder 25, front cylinder 27 are provided with work roll 24 and stripping roller 23, and described work roll 24 And stripping roller 23 has three groups at least. After combing part 2, the blocky rabbit hair basically becomes a single fiber, and part of the coarse hair is removed during the stripping process.
所述开松甩粗部分3包括至少两组开松甩粗部件和抽吸装置35。The loosening and fluffing part 3 includes at least two groups of loosening and fluffing parts and a suction device 35 .
所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的第一组开松甩粗部件31顺序包括第一甩粗辊311、第一剥毛辊312、第一气流罩313、第一内吸风管314、第一尘笼315、第一光面压辊316和第一外吸风管317；所述第一甩粗辊311、第一剥毛辊312、第一尘笼315和第一光面压辊316顺序连接；所述第一剥毛辊312外周围具有第一气流罩313；所述第一尘笼315表面具有均匀分布的通孔，第一尘笼315内部具有不可旋转的第一内吸风管314，所述第一尘笼315与第一气流罩313之间具有负压区；第一内吸风管314的一端朝向第一气流罩313的出气口，另一端朝向第一外吸风管317的一端；所述第一外吸风管317的一端朝向第一内吸风管314，另一端与外部抽吸装置35相连；The first group of loosening and roughing components 31 in the at least two groups of loosening and roughing components sequentially includes a first roughing roller 311, a first depilling roller 312, a first airflow cover 313, and a first inner suction pipe 314 , the first dust cage 315, the first smooth pressing roller 316 and the first outer suction duct 317; The rollers 316 are sequentially connected; the outer periphery of the first depilating roller 312 has a first airflow cover 313; the surface of the first dust cage 315 has evenly distributed through holes, and the inside of the first dust cage 315 has a non-rotatable first inner Suction pipe 314, there is a negative pressure zone between the first dust cage 315 and the first airflow cover 313; one end of the first inner suction pipe 314 faces the air outlet of the first airflow cover 313, and the other end faces the first outer One end of the air suction pipe 317; one end of the first outer air suction pipe 317 is towards the first inner air suction pipe 314, and the other end is connected with the external suction device 35;
所述至少两组开松甩粗部件中的其余组开松甩粗部件均完全相同，以至少两组开松甩粗部件中的第二组开松甩粗部件32(即其余组开松甩粗部件中第一组开松甩粗部件)为例，该组顺序包括第二给毛板321、第二给毛罗拉322、第二甩粗辊323、第二剥毛辊324、第二气流罩325、第二内吸风管326、第二尘笼327、第二光面压辊328和第二外吸风管329；所述第二给毛罗拉322、第二甩粗辊323、第二剥毛辊324、第二尘笼327和第二光面压辊328顺序连接；所述第二给毛罗拉322下方具有第二给毛板321；所述第二剥毛辊324外周围具有第二气流罩325；所述第二尘笼327表面具有均匀分布的通孔，第二尘笼327内部具有不可旋转的第二内吸风管326，所述第二尘笼327与第二气流罩325之间具有负压区；第二内吸风管326的一端朝向第二气流罩325的出气口，另一端朝向第二外吸风管329的一端；所述第二外吸风管329的一端朝向第二内吸风管326，另一端与外部抽吸装置35相连。All the other groups of the at least two groups of loosening and throwing rough parts are identical, and the second group of loosening and throwing rough parts 32 in the at least two groups of loosening and throwing rough parts (i.e. the remaining groups of loosening and throwing rough parts) Take the first group of loosening and throwing rough parts in the rough parts) as an example, the group sequence includes the second feeding board 321, the second feeding roller 322, the second roughing roller 323, the second stripping roller 324, the second air flow Cover 325, the second inner suction duct 326, the second dust cage 327, the second smooth pressure roller 328 and the second outer suction duct 329; the second feeding roller 322, the second coarse roller 323, the second Two depilling rollers 324, the second dust cage 327 and the second smooth pressure roller 328 are sequentially connected; the second depilating roller 322 below has a second depilating plate 321; the outer periphery of the second depilating roller 324 has The second airflow cover 325; the surface of the second dust cage 327 has evenly distributed through holes, and the inside of the second dust cage 327 has a non-rotatable second inner suction pipe 326, and the second dust cage 327 is connected to the second air flow There is a negative pressure zone between the covers 325; one end of the second inner air suction pipe 326 is towards the air outlet of the second air flow cover 325, and the other end is towards an end of the second outer air suction pipe 329; the second outer air suction pipe 329 One end of it faces the second inner suction pipe 326, and the other end is connected with the external suction device 35.
所述分梳机的分梳方法是：第一组开松甩粗部件31的第一甩粗辊311将兔毛从前锡林27上剥取下来，同时开松减薄甩粗，再由第一剥毛辊312剥取，第一剥毛辊312外周围具有气流罩313，以使第一剥毛辊312在高速回转下剥取的兔毛和产生的气流在第一气流罩313的控制下移向第一尘笼315的负压区外壁；所有尘笼具有负压区是因为在尘笼外表面具有通孔，内部装有内吸风管，内吸风管与外吸风管连通，外吸风管与连接有滤尘箱的抽吸装置连通，使尘笼外表面的四分之一周长与气流罩之间形成负压区；第一剥毛辊312上的兔毛被吸附在具有负压的第一尘笼315上，同时梳理过程中产生的尘杂及兔毛屑通过尘笼上的通孔随第一内吸风管314及第一外吸风管317的气流排出机外；随着第一尘笼315的旋转，第一尘笼315上的兔毛离开负压区，由第一光面压辊316将兔毛移送到第二组开松甩粗部件32的第二给毛板321上，再由第二给毛罗拉322送入第二甩粗辊323上进行再一次开松甩粗；经过若干组开松甩粗部件的分梳后，兔毛由第四光面压辊348将兔毛移送到导毛板5，继而落入到毛箱4中，从而完成整个兔毛的分梳过程。The carding method of the described carding machine is: the first group of loosening and getting rid of the thick roller 311 of the first group of rough parts 31 strips the rabbit hair off from the front cylinder 27, simultaneously opens and thins and gets rid of the rough, and then the first group One stripping roller 312 is stripped off, and the first stripping roller 312 has an airflow cover 313 on its outer periphery, so that the rabbit hair stripped by the first stripping roller 312 at a high speed and the airflow generated are under the control of the first airflow cover 313 Move down to the outer wall of the negative pressure zone of the first dust cage 315; all dust cages have a negative pressure zone because there is a through hole on the outer surface of the dust cage, and an inner suction duct is installed inside, and the inner suction duct communicates with the outer suction duct , the external suction air pipe is connected with the suction device connected with the dust filter box, so that a negative pressure zone is formed between the 1/4 circumference of the outer surface of the dust cage and the airflow cover; the rabbit hair on the first hair removal roller 312 is absorbed On the first dust cage 315 with negative pressure, the dust and rabbit hair shavings generated during the combing process are discharged through the through holes on the dust cage along with the airflow of the first inner suction pipe 314 and the first outer suction pipe 317 Outside the machine; along with the rotation of the first dust cage 315, the rabbit hair on the first dust cage 315 leaves the negative pressure zone, and the rabbit hair is moved to the second group of loosening and throwing away coarse parts 32 by the first smooth pressure roller 316 On the second hair feeding plate 321, the second hair feeding roller 322 is sent to the second rough roller 323 to loosen and get rid of rough again; The four smooth pressing rollers 348 move the rabbit hair to the hair guide plate 5, and then fall into the hair box 4, thereby completing the carding process of the whole rabbit hair.
实施例1(参见图1)Embodiment 1 (see Fig. 1)
以开松甩粗部分具有4组开松甩粗部件为例。将经过和毛机开松、加湿及闷毛8小时以上的原料兔毛喂入分梳机的喂入部分1，喂入部分1将原料均匀地送入梳理部分2。Take the loosening and roughing part with 4 sets of loosening and roughing parts as an example. Feed the raw rabbit hair that has been loosened, humidified and veneered for more than 8 hours into the feeding part 1 of the carding machine, and the feeding part 1 sends the raw material evenly into the carding part 2.
在梳理部分2，直径为85mm的喂毛辊21以56转/分的转速将兔毛输送给直径为250mm转速为76转/分的包有金属锯条的开毛辊22，开毛辊22与喂毛辊21的线速度比大约为4:1，开毛辊22将兔毛从喂毛辊21处拉出，因此兔毛被开松。由于大多数粗兔毛比细兔毛刚直、卷曲少、加之多数粗兔毛长度比细兔毛长，重量较重(例如：细毛类兔毛，其中细毛的平均细度多在14.5-15μm左右，以15μm计，品级高的(如一级兔毛)平均长度为45.1-55mm，以50mm计；粗兔毛细度多在40-50μm最粗细度可达100μm，今以45μm计，粗兔毛长度多在70mm左右最长甚至可达100mm以上，今以70mm计；细兔毛密度为1.3g/cm3，粗兔毛密度为1.08g/cm3，以上数据计算粗细毛的重量比：粗毛的重量/细毛的重量＝10.47倍，从以上看出粗毛的重量比细毛的重量大10倍以上)，故开毛辊22的针面对它握持力较差，所以在开毛辊22离心力作用下，将粗兔毛甩出。其它留在开毛辊22上的兔毛，被包有较密金属针布的直径为700mm的后锡林25剥取，后锡林25的转速为38转/分，此处后锡林25与开毛辊22的线速度比为1.4:1，所以后锡林25将开毛辊22上毛层剥取减薄分布在自身上。在锡林上方的第一个工作辊24与后锡林25发生梳理作用后，一部分兔毛留在工作辊24上被剥毛辊23剥取，再由后锡林25将剥毛辊23上的兔毛剥取到后锡林25上继续进行下一组的梳理及剥取，如此进行三次，块状兔毛大多数成为小束及单纤维状。然后后锡林25上的纤维通过转移辊26将兔毛剥取转移到前锡林27上，此处转移辊26的线速度为后锡林25的1.43倍，所以在高速剥取转移过程中又甩下了部分粗兔毛。然后前锡林27又从转移辊26上将兔毛剥取转移到前锡林27上，前锡林27的转速为76转/分，此处前锡林27与转移辊6线速度比为1.4:1。在前锡林27上重复后锡林25上同样的作用后，束状兔毛基本就变成单纤维状，然后进入开松甩粗部分。In the carding part 2, the feeding roller 21 with a diameter of 85mm delivers the rabbit hair to the opening roller 22 that is wrapped with a metal saw blade at a speed of 56 revs/min at a speed of 56 revs/min for a diameter of 250 mm. The linear speed ratio of the hair-feeding roller 21 is about 4:1, and the hair-opening roller 22 pulls the rabbit hair out from the hair-feeding roller 21, so the rabbit hair is opened. Because most thick rabbit hairs are straighter and less curly than fine rabbit hairs, and most thick rabbit hairs are longer and heavier than fine rabbit hairs (for example: fine hairs, the average fineness of fine hairs is mostly around 14.5-15 μm , in terms of 15μm, the average length of high-grade rabbit hair (such as first-class rabbit hair) is 45.1-55mm, calculated in 50mm; the fineness of coarse rabbit hair is mostly 40-50μm, and the thickness can reach 100μm. Most of them are around 70mm, and the longest can even reach over 100mm. Today, it is calculated as 70mm; the density of fine rabbit hair is 1.3g/cm 3 , and the density of thick rabbit hair is 1.08g/cm 3 . The weight of weight/fine hair=10.47 times, find out from above that the weight of coarse hair is more than 10 times greater than the weight of fine hair), so the needle of hair opening roller 22 is relatively poor in its holding force, so in the action of centrifugal force of hair opening roller 22 Next, shake out the rough rabbit fur. Other rabbit hairs left on the opening roller 22 are peeled off by the rear cylinder 25 with a diameter of 700mm that is wrapped with a denser metal card clothing. The rotating speed of the rear cylinder 25 is 38 rpm, where the rear cylinder 25 The line speed ratio with the opening roller 22 is 1.4:1, so the back cylinder 25 strips and thins the wool layer on the opening roller 22 and distributes it on itself. After the first work roll 24 above the cylinder and the rear cylinder 25 have a combing effect, a part of the rabbit hair stays on the work roll 24 and is stripped off by the stripping roller 23, and then the stripping roller 23 is stripped by the rear cylinder 25. The rabbit hair is stripped off to the rear cylinder 25 and continues to be combed and stripped off for the next group, so it is carried out three times, and most of the lumpy rabbit hair becomes small bundles and single fibers. Then the fiber on the rear cylinder 25 is transferred to the front cylinder 27 by the transfer roller 26 to strip the rabbit hair, where the linear speed of the transfer roller 26 is 1.43 times of the rear cylinder 25, so in the high-speed stripping transfer process Shake off part of the rough rabbit fur. Then front cylinder 27 strips rabbit hair from transfer roller 26 and is transferred to front cylinder 27 again, and the rotating speed of front cylinder 27 is 76 revs/min, and here front cylinder 27 and transfer roller 6 linear velocity ratios are 1.4:1. After repeating the same effect on the rear cylinder 25 on the front cylinder 27, the bundled rabbit hair basically becomes a single fiber, and then enters the opening and throwing away the thick part.
在开松甩粗部分3，首先转速为300-350转/分的直径为250mm的沿逆时针方向旋转的第一甩粗辊311对前锡林27上的纤维以1.41―1.64:1的线速度比进行剥取减薄，薄毛层中的粗毛更易被甩掉，第一甩粗辊的速度较快，但在开松时，因为毛层皆为单纤维状，所以对纤维损伤小，而且甩下去的多为粗毛。与第一甩粗辊311相连接的是包缠有山型针布的第一剥毛辊312，山型针布的作用是使剥取在其上的毛层易于全部甩出，而不留在自身上，甩出的兔毛通过第一气流罩313吸附在第一尘笼315的负压区，负压区的压力是0.04Mpa，第一尘笼通孔的孔径是2mm，第一剥毛辊312其直径为170mm，沿顺时针方向旋转，转速为882-1029转/分，这样第一剥毛辊312与第一甩粗辊311之间的线速度比为2-2.33:1，极易进行剥取。所以从第一甩粗辊311剥下来的兔毛在第一气流罩313内随气流吸附在第一尘笼315的负压区处，同时有些尘杂及兔毛屑通过尘笼上的小孔随内吸风管及外吸风管的气流排出机外。随着第一尘笼315的回转其上的兔毛离开负压区，由第一光面压辊316接取输送到第二组开松甩粗部件32的第二给毛板321处，由第二给毛罗拉322喂入到第二甩粗辊323，继续进行与上述同样的作用，直到第四组开松甩粗部件34出机即完成兔毛分梳过程。标准检测后兔毛成品的含粗量是0.51％。In the loosening and roughening part 3, the first roughing roller 311 rotating counterclockwise with a diameter of 250 mm at a rotational speed of 300-350 r/min is used for the fibers on the front cylinder 27 to form a line of 1.41-1.64:1. The speed is thinner than stripping, the coarse hair in the thin wool layer is easier to be thrown off, the speed of the first rough roller is faster, but when opening, because the wool layer is all in the form of single fibers, the damage to the fiber is small, and Most of the fluff is coarse hair. Connected with the first coarse roller 311 is the first depilling roller 312 wrapped with a mountain-shaped card clothing. On itself, the rabbit hair thrown out is adsorbed on the negative pressure zone of the first dust cage 315 through the first airflow cover 313, the pressure in the negative pressure zone is 0.04Mpa, the aperture of the through hole of the first dust cage is 2mm, and the first peeling Its diameter of hair roller 312 is 170mm, rotates clockwise, and rotating speed is 882-1029 revs/min, and the line speed ratio between the first hair-stripping roller 312 and the first rough roller 311 is 2-2.33:1 like this, Very easy to strip. Therefore, the rabbit hair peeled off from the first coarse roller 311 is adsorbed in the negative pressure area of the first dust cage 315 with the airflow in the first airflow cover 313, and some dust and rabbit hair shavings pass through the small holes on the dust cage It is discharged out of the machine with the airflow of the inner suction duct and the outer suction duct. Along with the rotation of the first dust basket 315, the rabbit hair on it leaves the negative pressure zone, is picked up by the first smooth pressure roller 316 and transported to the second hair feeding plate 321 of the second group of loosening and roughing parts 32, The second feeds the hair roller 322 to the second rough roller 323 and continues to perform the same action as described above until the fourth group of loosening and rough parts 34 exit the machine to complete the rabbit hair carding process. After the standard test, the crude content of the finished rabbit hair is 0.51%.
所述分梳机的开松甩粗原理是：(1)根据粗毛与细毛特性不同，即粗毛粗、硬、刚、直，卷曲少，细毛细、软、有卷曲，所以它们在同一针面上的状态不同，细毛多贴伏在针面上，而粗毛则突出在表面；(2)粗毛表面的鳞片翘角比细毛小，所以其摩擦系数小于细绒毛，而易于分离；(3)也是很关键的因素，粗毛长、粗，虽然其密度小于细毛，但因为它粗、长，其体积大于细毛，所以其重量比细毛大，因此，在同一针面上所受到的离心力也大，而易于被甩掉；此外，粗毛与细毛在气流中的沉降速度不同，粗毛的沉降速度大与细毛。根据以上这些因素，所述分梳机主要是将自动喂毛机所喂的块状或束状兔毛经过梳理部分开松、梳理成单纤维状，然后到开松甩粗部分，依靠在剥取转移过程中粗兔毛与细兔毛在转移辊上的状态不同，细毛细而柔软贴附在针面上，粗兔毛则多翘在针布的表面，依靠粗毛所受到的离心力大于细毛而将粗毛甩出。The loosening and roughing principle of the carding machine is: (1) according to the different characteristics of the coarse hair and the fine hair, that is, the coarse hair is thick, hard, rigid, and straight, with little curl, and the fine hair is thin, soft, and curled, so they are on the same needle surface. The state on the surface is different, the fine hairs are mostly attached to the needle surface, while the coarse hairs protrude on the surface; (2) the scale angle on the surface of the coarse hairs is smaller than that of the fine hairs, so its friction coefficient is smaller than that of the fine hairs, and it is easy to separate; (3) also The key factor is that coarse hair is long and thick. Although its density is lower than that of fine hair, but because it is thick, long, and its volume is larger than that of fine hair, its weight is larger than that of fine hair. Therefore, the centrifugal force on the same needle surface is also large, and It is easy to be thrown off; in addition, the settling speed of coarse hair and fine hair is different in the air flow, and the sedimentation speed of coarse hair is faster than that of fine hair. According to the above factors, the carding machine is mainly to loosen and comb the blocky or bundled rabbit hair fed by the automatic wool feeding machine into a single fiber shape, and then go to the loosening and roughing part, relying on the stripping part. The state of coarse rabbit hair and fine rabbit hair on the transfer roller is different during the transfer process. The fine hair is thin and soft and attached to the needle surface, while the coarse rabbit hair is mostly warped on the surface of the card clothing. The centrifugal force received by the coarse hair is greater than that of the fine hair. And throw out the rough hair.
根据原料细毛类兔毛的含粗量和分梳兔毛成品的含粗量要求，安排不同的开松甩粗部件组数，一般可用4-8组即可加工不同含粗的细毛类兔毛。如果在工艺上稍加改进，该机也可分梳羊绒、驼绒及牦牛绒等异质动物纤维。According to the coarseness of the raw material fine-haired rabbit hair and the coarseness of the finished carded rabbit hair, arrange different sets of loosening and throwing rough parts. Generally, 4-8 groups can be used to process fine-haired rabbit hairs with different thicknesses. . If the technology is slightly improved, the machine can also card cashmere, camel hair and yak hair and other heterogeneous animal fibers.
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