CN104322655A - Ultrasonic-reinforced controlled atmosphere drying method and device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-reinforced controlled atmosphere drying method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322655A CN104322655A CN201410354217.2A CN201410354217A CN104322655A CN 104322655 A CN104322655 A CN 104322655A CN 201410354217 A CN201410354217 A CN 201410354217A CN 104322655 A CN104322655 A CN 104322655A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic-reinforced controlled atmosphere drying method and device. According to the method, when controlled atmosphere hot air is used for drying a material, the material is subjected to a direct contact ultrasonic treatment. With the ultrasonic-reinforced controlled atmosphere drying method provided by the invention, an oxidation reaction process during a drying process is effectively inhibited, such that effective components in the material are protected, color browning is effectively inhibited, and a problem that nutrients are prone to oxidative degradation under conventional hot air drying is solved. The direct contact ultrasonic treatment has a synergistic effect with controlled atmosphere drying under a low-oxygen environment. With the method, product quality is ensured, and ultrasonic energy is directly transferred into the material, such that water content migration rate of controlled atmosphere drying is effectively improved, and energy utilization rate and mass transfer reinforcement efficiency are improved. Therefore, drying efficiency is increased and drying time is shortened, and problems of low drying rate and poor product quality of conventional hot air drying are solved. The method and the device have a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the dry processing technique field of agricultural product, be specifically related to a kind of ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means, also relate to a kind of ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device simultaneously.
Background technology
Carrot is one of the most frequently used agricultural product of society, containing abundant nutritional labeling, has very high nutritive value and various health care functions, is described as " Talinum crassifolium ", deeply like by consumer.In the process of carrot, because cellular contraction or institutional framework are destroyed, easily cause the nutritional labeling of carrot to strengthen the sensitiveness of light, heat, oxygen, thus cause the loss of the nutritional labeling based on carrotene.
Dry processing is the important means of carrot processing preservation, and heated-air drying is the most frequently used method of current carrot drying.But in dry run, carrot easily brown stain occurs and carrotene very easily oxidative degradation occurs, therefore heated-air drying easily causes product loss of effective components and color and luster brown stain, and the oxygen in drying medium is one of principal element causing deterioration in quality.In prior art, patent CN202885443U discloses a kind of source nitrogen heat pump drying unit, comprise drying box, control system and outdoor condenser, described drying box comprises casing and the heat pump room be arranged in casing and hothouse, this unit marquis becomes the dry air conditioning apparatus of Nitrogen source gases, by heat-pump apparatus and nitrogen device composition nitrogen heat pump combined unit, building with nitrogen is the sealing and circulating loop of medium dried material, effectively controls oxygen content in hothouse.This device can make full use of that heat pump is pollution-free, consume energy low advantage, under the condition being drying medium with nitrogen, carry out drying to material, prevents material to be oxidized, and effectively remains the nutritional labeling of material, promotes dried product quality.
In addition, carrot compact structure, has larger internal diffusional resistance, and adopt common heated-air drying to process, the drying time reached needed for target moisture content is long, and drying efficiency is low, thus causes carrot active ingredient to run off further.As carrot, in common heated-air drying, easily there is color and luster brown stain or active ingredient easily oxidative degradation occurs and the agricultural product of compact structure also have a lot, in order to improve rate of drying, enhancements should be adopted to improve internal batch moisture diffusion speed.Therefore, the ultrasound-enhanced heated-air drying of aerosphere type has been there is in prior art, can reach certain strengthening effect, but when aerosphere type is ultrasound-enhanced, Ultrasonic Radiation plate does not contact with material, certain distance is had between ultrasonic radiation surface and material, ultrasonic energy needs could arrive material surface through drying medium, because the attenuation coefficient of gas is comparatively large, ultrasonicly will cause a large amount of energy attenuatioies in communication process, thus make its invigoration effect very limited, dry requirement can't be met.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of a kind of direct contact type, solve existing oxidizable, the compact structure dry materials time is long, drying efficiency is low, active ingredient runs off serious problem.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device realizing said method.
In order to realize above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means, while being included in controlled atmosphere heated-air drying material, carries out the ultrasonic process of direct contact type to material.
The ultrasonic process of described direct contact type material is directly placed in ultrasonic radiation surface to carry out sonic oscillation.
The ultrasonic process of described direct contact type material is directly placed in Ultrasonic Radiation plate surface to carry out sonic oscillation.
Vltrasonic device used comprises supersonic generator, ultrasonic transducer and Ultrasonic Radiation plate, and described supersonic generator is connected with ultrasonic transducer, and described ultrasonic transducer is connected with Ultrasonic Radiation plate.Electroluminescent signal is passed to ultrasonic transducer by cable by supersonic generator, ultrasonic transducer is connected with Ultrasonic Radiation plate by ultrasonic transformer, ultrasonic transducer utilizes the quick-expansion of ultrasonic transformer, drive the synchronous vibration of Ultrasonic Radiation plate, the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic transducer produces is transmitted in material by Ultrasonic Radiation plate, thus realizes the strengthening to dry run.
While controlled atmosphere heated-air drying material, also infra-red radiation process is carried out to material.
Described material is carrot.
Above-mentioned ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means, comprises the following steps:
1) get carrot section, obtain carrot slice;
2) in the drying medium of heated-air drying, pass into the volume content that inert gas regulates oxygen in drying medium, controlled atmosphere heated-air drying is carried out to carrot slice, meanwhile, the ultrasonic process of direct contact type and infra-red radiation process are carried out to carrot slice, after drying terminates, namely obtains carrot dry product.
Step 1) thickness of gained carrot slice is 4 ~ 8mm.
Step 2) in, described inert gas is N
2or CO
2.
Step 2) in, in the drying medium of described controlled atmosphere heated-air drying, oxygen volume content is 5% ~ 10%.
Step 2) in, the temperature of described controlled atmosphere heated-air drying is 50 ~ 70 DEG C, and wind speed is 0.5 ~ 2.0m/s.
Step 2) in, the power of described ultrasonic process is 50 ~ 200w, and frequency is 22 ~ 100kHz.
Step 2) in, the radiation temperature of described infra-red radiation process is 90 ~ 120 DEG C.The too low meeting of radiation temperature causes auxiliary heating effect bad; Radiation temperature is too high causes material intensification too fast, affects drying effect and product quality.
The peak wavelength of described infra-red radiation is 4 ~ 20 μm.
Step 2) in, dry end refers to that being dried to material water ratio is less than 0.05kgkg
-1.
A kind of ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device, comprise source nitrogen heat pump drying unit, the baffle plate of a level is provided with in the hothouse of this unit, hothouse is divided into upper and lower two ventilating ducts, be provided with ultrasonic transducer and Ultrasonic Radiation plate in leg space ventilation road, described ultrasonic transducer is connected by ultrasonic transformer with Ultrasonic Radiation plate; Be provided with infrared radiation panel above described Ultrasonic Radiation plate, described infrared radiation panel and Ultrasonic Radiation plate are all horizontally disposed with, and both radiating surfaces are oppositely arranged.
Also comprise the supersonic generator and IR radiation control device that are positioned at hothouse outside, described supersonic generator is connected with ultrasonic transducer, and described IR radiation control device is connected with infrared radiation panel.
Ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present invention, is applicable to easy generation color and luster brown stain or active ingredient in common heated-air drying and easily oxidative degradation occurs and the material of compact structure, as carrot etc.
In ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present invention, controlled atmosphere drying adopts inert gas to replace partial air to regulate the gas componant in the drying medium of heated-air drying, reduce the oxygen content in drying medium on the one hand, weaken and the chemical process such as the oxidation reaction that inhibit oxygen to participate in and enzymatic browning, thus available protecting product quality; On the other hand according to drying principles, make material remove moisture with certain rate of water loss, thus reduce water activity in material, inhibit the existence of microorganism and the activity of enzyme in material.Controlled atmosphere heat pump drying is by being filled with inert gas (N
2or CO
2) replace regular air, carry out with heat pump the closed type Hot Air Drying heated that dehumidifies; Compare with conventional hot blast drying, controlled atmosphere heat pump drying has the advantages such as energy-saving and environmental protection, drying efficiency are high, superior product quality.
In ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present invention, ultrasonic wave is coupled directly to (namely ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere is dry) in controlled atmosphere dry run, material is directly placed on ultrasonic radiation surface (Ultrasonic Radiation plate surface), while reduction oxygen suppresses material brown stain, utilize the strong fluctuation effect of ultrasonic high-frequency, cavitation effect and mechanical effect (enhance fluid turbulent flow and microjet, reduce heat and mass boundary face thickness, increase the velocity gradient of gas-solid boundary, transmit ultrasonic energy to improve the absorption energy of internal batch liquid, accelerate material moisture to spread in gas), by ultrasonic continuous vibration, the micropore of internal batch is made to organize continuous pucker & bloat, improve internal batch institutional framework, be conducive to the effusion in conjunction with moisture in microtubule, and its cavitation makes the associative key on moisture and material surface rupture, impel the activation on material surface, improve internal batch moisture active degree, reduce material to the binding force of moisture and attraction, facilitate moisture diffusion speed in dry run.Material is directly placed on ultrasonic radiation surface (Ultrasonic Radiation plate surface), directly can imports ultrasonic energy into material, avoid ultrasonic wave to propagate in drying medium and a large amount of energy losses of producing.Compared with the ultrasound-enhanced technology of aerosphere type, adopt that direct contact type is ultrasonic carries out dry ruggedization, avoid gas and be situated between and ultrasonicly in drying medium, propagate produced energy loss, solve the energy attenuation problem that gas is situated between ultrasonic, thus improve ultrasound-enhanced efficiency.
In ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present invention, while ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying, infra-red radiation process is carried out to material and carries out auxiliary heating, infrared energy penetrates internal batch, utilize the penetration effect of infra-red radiation, fuel factor etc., from inside by heating material, diabatic process can be strengthened, combine with controlled atmosphere drying, achieve material inside and outside to heat simultaneously, solve the drying of conventional controlled atmosphere by the surperficial problem of carrying out heating of material, material heating status to be improved, improve rate of heat transfer; By direct contact type intensified by ultrasonic wave mass transfer, by far infrared radiation auxiliary heating augmentation of heat transfer, thus realize the strengthening to the heat and mass transfer process in controlled atmosphere drying, be conducive to shortening drying time and protection product quality.
Ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present invention, adopt ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere dried material (as carrot), effectively inhibit the oxidation reaction process of dry run, protect the active ingredient (carrotene as in carrot) in material, effectively inhibit color and luster brown stain, solve the problem of the easy oxidative degradation of the dry Middle nutrition composition of conventional hot blast, direct contact type is ultrasonic to act synergistically with the controlled atmosphere drying of low-oxygen environment, under the prerequisite ensureing product quality, directly import obstructed for ultrasonic energy super-dry medium into internal batch, utilize the strong fluctuation effect of ultrasonic high-frequency, cavitation effect and mechanical effect, the internal moisture diffusion of material is significantly improved, the moisture that not only effectively improve controlled atmosphere drying migrates speed, also overcome conventional aerosphere type ultrasonic wave to propagate in drying medium and the problem of a large amount of energy attenuatioies produced, improve capacity usage ratio and mass transfer enhancement efficiency, improve drying efficiency, shorten drying time, further avoid the loss of active ingredient in material, the rate of drying solving conventional hot blast drying is too low, the problem that product quality is not high, have broad application prospects.
Ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present invention, ultrasonicly be applied to controlled atmosphere dried carrot with infra-red radiation by directly contacting simultaneously, while reduction oxidation, reducing brown stain, the heat transfer of drying, mass transport process are strengthened simultaneously, improve moisture diffusion speed and rate of heat transfer shortens drying time, the available protecting active ingredients such as carrotene and product color, shorten drying time while realizing improving carrot drying quality; What utilize infra-red radiation penetrates effect and fuel factor, from material inside and outside, portion heats simultaneously, both utilized the controlled atmosphere drying of low oxygen environment to ensure product quality, utilize again the penetration effect of hyperacoustic strengthening effect and infra-red radiation, raising that fuel factor realizes heat and mass speed in controlled atmosphere drying, finally realize the dry target that rate of drying is fast, product color good, nutrient retention rate is high.
Ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device of the present invention is in the hothouse of heat pump drying unit, and arrange the relative Ultrasonic Radiation plate of the radiating surface of level and infrared radiation panel, infrared radiation panel is positioned at the top of Ultrasonic Radiation plate; Vltrasonic device, infrared radiation device and heat pump controlled atmosphere dryer group are coupled, achieve the method for ultrasonic-infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere drying; During use, treating material is directly placed on Ultrasonic Radiation plate and carries out drying, drying efficiency is high, drying time is short, and avoids active ingredient in the easy color and luster brown stain of material in conventional hot blast drying or material the problem of oxidative degradation easily occurs, and improves the quality of dried product; Pollution-free in this plant running process, energy consumption is low, equipment investment little and be easy to control, be applicable to applying.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device of embodiment 9.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) remove the peel after getting carrot cleaning, be cut into the thin slice that thickness is 4mm, obtain carrot slice;
2) 200g carrot slice is placed in the drying box of controlled atmosphere drying device, is placed on Ultrasonic Radiation plate, infrared radiation panel is arranged on above Ultrasonic Radiation plate apart from material 10cm place;
Open controlled atmosphere drying device, in drying box, pass into nitrogen regulate the volume content of oxygen in drying medium to be after 5%, carry out controlled atmosphere heated-air drying to carrot slice, baking temperature is 50 DEG C, and wind speed is 0.5m/s; While controlled atmosphere heated-air drying, ultrasonic process and infra-red radiation process (namely ultrasonic-infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere is dry) are carried out to carrot slice, ultrasonic power is 50W, frequency is 22kHz, the radiation temperature of infra-red radiation process is 90 DEG C, is dried to material water ratio and is less than 0.05kgkg
-1, namely think and reached equilibrium moisture content, stop dry, take out and obtain carrot dry product.
The present embodiment ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device used is as embodiment 9.
Embodiment 2
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) remove the peel after getting carrot cleaning, be cut into the thin slice that thickness is 5mm, obtain carrot slice;
2) 200g carrot slice is placed in the drying box of controlled atmosphere drying device, is placed on Ultrasonic Radiation plate, infrared radiation panel is arranged on above Ultrasonic Radiation plate apart from material 10cm place;
Open controlled atmosphere drying device, in drying box, pass into nitrogen regulate the volume content of oxygen in drying medium to be after 6%, carry out controlled atmosphere heated-air drying to carrot slice, baking temperature is 55 DEG C, and wind speed is 1.0m/s; While controlled atmosphere heated-air drying, ultrasonic process and infra-red radiation process (namely ultrasonic-infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere is dry) are carried out to carrot slice, ultrasonic power is 100W, frequency is 22kHz, the radiation temperature of infra-red radiation process is 100 DEG C, is dried to material water ratio and is less than 0.05kgkg
-1, namely think and reached equilibrium moisture content, stop dry, take out and obtain carrot dry product.
The present embodiment ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device used is as embodiment 9.
Embodiment 3
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) remove the peel after getting carrot cleaning, be cut into the thin slice that thickness is 6mm, obtain carrot slice;
2) 200g carrot slice is placed in the drying box of controlled atmosphere drying device, is placed on Ultrasonic Radiation plate, infrared radiation panel is arranged on above Ultrasonic Radiation plate apart from material 10cm place;
Open controlled atmosphere drying device, in drying box, pass into nitrogen regulate the volume content of oxygen in drying medium to be after 5%, carry out controlled atmosphere heated-air drying to carrot slice, baking temperature is 60 DEG C, and wind speed is 1.5m/s; While controlled atmosphere heated-air drying, ultrasonic process and infra-red radiation process (namely ultrasonic-infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere is dry) are carried out to carrot slice, ultrasonic power is 150W, frequency is 60kHz, the radiation temperature of infra-red radiation process is 110 DEG C, is dried to material water ratio and is less than 0.05kgkg
-1, namely think and reached equilibrium moisture content, stop dry, take out and obtain carrot dry product.
The present embodiment ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device used is as embodiment 9.
Embodiment 4
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) remove the peel after getting carrot cleaning, be cut into the thin slice that thickness is 8mm, obtain carrot slice;
2) 200g carrot slice is placed in the drying box of controlled atmosphere drying device, is placed on Ultrasonic Radiation plate, infrared radiation panel is arranged on above Ultrasonic Radiation plate apart from material 10cm place;
Open controlled atmosphere drying device, in drying box, pass into nitrogen regulate the volume content of oxygen in drying medium to be after 10%, carry out controlled atmosphere heated-air drying to carrot slice, baking temperature is 70 DEG C, and wind speed is 2.0m/s; While controlled atmosphere heated-air drying, ultrasonic process and infra-red radiation process (namely ultrasonic-infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere is dry) are carried out to carrot slice, ultrasonic power is 200W, frequency is 100kHz, the radiation temperature of infra-red radiation process is 120 DEG C, is dried to material water ratio and is less than 0.05kgkg
-1, namely think and reached equilibrium moisture content, stop dry, take out and obtain carrot dry product.
The present embodiment ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device used is as embodiment 9.
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means of embodiment 5-8, its step is respectively with embodiment 1-4, and difference is: when controlled atmosphere is dry, in drying box, pass into CO
2regulate the volume content of oxygen in drying medium.
Embodiment 9
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, comprise source nitrogen dryer group, this unit comprises drying box 30, control system 1 and outdoor condenser 3, described drying box 30 comprises casing and the heat pump room 31 be arranged in casing and hothouse 32, the baffle plate 29 of a level is provided with in described hothouse 32, hothouse 32 is divided into upper and lower two ventilating ducts by baffle plate 29, be provided with ultrasonic transducer 17 and Ultrasonic Radiation plate 16 in leg space ventilation road, described ultrasonic transducer 17 is connected by ultrasonic transformer with Ultrasonic Radiation plate 16; Be provided with infrared radiation panel 9 above described Ultrasonic Radiation plate 16, described infrared radiation panel 9 is all horizontally disposed with Ultrasonic Radiation plate 16, and both radiating surfaces are oppositely arranged;
Also comprise the supersonic generator 14 and IR radiation control device 11 that are positioned at hothouse 32 outside, described supersonic generator 14 is connected with ultrasonic transducer 17, and described IR radiation control device 11 is connected with infrared radiation panel 9;
Top, described heat pump room 31 is provided with condenser 6, bottom is provided with evaporimeter 19 and compressor 21, evaporimeter 19, condenser 6 are all connected with compressor 21 with outdoor condenser 3, the main air blower 4 for blowing to the overdraught road of hothouse 32 is also provided with on top, heat pump room 31, bottom, heat pump room 31 and leg space ventilation mouth relative to corner be provided with the deflector becoming 50 ° of angles with horizontal plane, be provided with drainpipe 22 bottom heat pump room 31; Described condenser 6 is connected by the first pipeline with evaporimeter 19, and the first pipeline is provided with safety valve 20;
In described hothouse 32 overdraught road, accessory fan 7 and auxiliary heater 8 are installed, hothouse about 32 two ventilating ducts are connected away from one end of heat pump room, the top of this connected entrance is provided with arc wind waveguide plate 10, below is distributed with air uniform plate 15, described air uniform plate 15 is horizontally disposed with, and be arranged in order from top to bottom, neighbouring air uniform plate staggers a segment distance in the horizontal direction;
The sidewall of hothouse 32 is provided with high-pressure gas pipe, and high-pressure gas pipe one end is connected with hothouse 32, and the other end is connected with inert gas tank 12, and described high-pressure gas pipe is provided with control valve 13;
The first temperature sensor 28 is provided with in the overdraught road of hothouse 32; In leg space ventilation road, anemobiagraph 25 and thermocouple 26 is provided with between infrared radiation panel 9 and Ultrasonic Radiation plate 16, the right and left is respectively equipped with the second temperature sensor 27, on the left and right sidewall in leg space ventilation road, is provided with oxygen concentration sensor 23 and tachograph 18 respectively;
The ventilation shaft be connected with wet-emitting blower 5 is provided with in described heat pump room 31;
Described main air blower 4, auxiliary heater 8, accessory fan 7, first temperature sensor 28, anemobiagraph 25, thermocouple 26, second temperature sensor 27, oxygen concentration sensor 23, tachograph 18, safety valve 20 are connected with control system 1 respectively with control valve 13.
The ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device of the present embodiment is in the hothouse of heat pump drying unit, and install ultrasonic transducer, the Ultrasonic Radiation plate level be connected with ultrasonic transducer by ultrasonic transformer is arranged, and radiation direction upward; Above Ultrasonic Radiation plate, 10cm place relative position, arranges infrared radiation panel, and down, the radiating surface of Ultrasonic Radiation plate and the radiating surface of infrared radiation panel are oppositely arranged in infra-red radiation direction.The diameter of Ultrasonic Radiation plate is 30cm; Ultrasonic transducer be positioned at the supersonic generator of hothouse outside mutually in succession, supersonic generator is used for ultrasonic control.Infrared radiation panel is circular, and diameter 30cm, peak wavelength is at 4 ~ 20 μm, and infrared radiation temperature is controlled by IR radiation control device.In dry run, the detecting instruments such as oxygen concentration sensor, anemobiagraph, LOAD CELLS are utilized to carry out the monitoring of drying parameter.
During use, treating material is directly placed on Ultrasonic Radiation plate, various drying condition is set, ultrasonic-infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere drying process is carried out to material.The operation of heat pump drying unit is with patent CN202885443U.
Experimental example
This experimental example detects the method for embodiment 1-8 and gained carrot dry product.
Detection method: utilize temperature probe (precision 0.1 DEG C) to detect temperature of charge, utilize thermocouple (precision 0.1 DEG C) to monitor and control drying medium temperature, utilize lambda sensor (precision 0.1%) to detect and regulate oxygen concentration, heat bulb (precision 0.1m/s) is utilized to monitor dry wind speed, utilize LOAD CELLS (precision 0.1g) periodic measurement quality of material, calculate dehydration rate according to weight of material, and record the time reached required for safety dehydration rate.
The mensuration of carotene carotene content: (1) is got the fresh sample of carrot (or dry product) and pulverized as in pulverizer, if pulverize insufficient, is transferred to mortar and carries out hand-ground, to fresh sample be pulpous state, dry product is powder; (2) accurately take six parts, sample after grinding respectively, add acetone 50ml, ultrasonic 30min, then add benzinum 20ml, distilled water 30ml, after leaving standstill extraction, get supernatant 5ml, evaporate to dryness in Nitrogen evaporator; (3) in experiment, the detection of beta carotene mainly adopts high performance liquid chromatography, and the relevant parameters that HPLC detects is: C
18chromatographic column (250mm × 4.6mm, 5 μm, Deerfield company of the U.S.), column temperature 25 DEG C, mobile phase is methyl alcohol: ethyl acetate (85:15), flow velocity 1ml/min, determined wavelength 450nm.All detections all in triplicate, can obtain carotene carotene content in carrot.
The mensuration of value of chromatism: the chromatic value of dry products utilizes color difference meter to detect.To each testing sample, choose 5 differences in surface and detect, average and can obtain brightness value (L
*), red value of green (a
*) and champac value (b
*).Color and luster change adopts following formula to calculate:
ΔL＝L
*-L
* 0，Δa＝a
*-a
* 0，Δb＝b
*-b
* 0；
Subscript 0 represents the reading of fresh carrot.
The calculating formula of total color difference △ E is as follows:
Rehydration test: take 5g dried carrot sheet respectively and be positioned in specification 200mL beaker, adds 100mL, the hot water of 90 DEG C, is placed in 90 DEG C of thermostat water baths.5 process are set, the time are respectively 20,30,40,50,60min, each process 3 repetition.Time, to rear taking-up, drains and weighs.
R
multiple=G
multiple/ G
dry;
In formula: G
multiplequality is drained, kg after-sample rehydration; G
drydry-eye disease quality before-rehydration, kg.
Testing result is as shown in table 1.
Wherein, the drying means of comparative example 1-1,2-1,3-1,4-1,5-1,6-1,7-1,8-1 is conventional controlled atmosphere drying process, does not namely use the ultrasonic and infra-red radiation auxiliary heating of direct contact type; The drying means of comparative example 1-2,2-2,3-2,4-2,5-2,6-2,7-2,8-2 is that ultrasonic (Ultrasonic Radiation plate does not contact with material aerosphere type, ultrasonic radiation distance is 10cm) and infra-red radiation auxiliary heating, other technologies parameter is respectively with embodiment 1-8.
Embodiment 1 adopts the method (N of embodiment 1-4
2controlled atmosphere is dry) gained dried carrot product testing result
| Drying means | Drying time, min | Carotene carotene content, mg/100g | Reconstitution rate, % | Product aberration |
| Embodiment 1 | 486 | 42.23 | 6.2 | 1.61 |
| Comparative example 1-1 | 600 | 38.96 | 5.4 | 1.82 |
| Comparative example 1-2 | 515 | 39.71 | 5.7 | 1.71 |
| Embodiment 2 | 314 | 42.86 | 6.3 | 2.32 |
| Comparative example 2-1 | 390 | 37.57 | 5.8 | 2.80 |
| Comparative example 2-2 | 332 | 40.29 | 5.9 | 2.53 |
| Embodiment 3 | 250 | 42.98 | 6.2 | 2.82 |
| Comparative example 3-1 | 340 | 37.11 | 5.6 | 3.28 |
| Comparative example 3-2 | 276 | 39.97 | 5.8 | 3.01 |
| Embodiment 4 | 240 | 43.38 | 7.1 | 2.64 |
| Comparative example 4-1 | 300 | 38.04 | 6.7 | 3.19 |
| Comparative example 4-2 | 267 | 41.21 | 6.9 | 2.92 |
| Fresh carrot | - | 46.2 | - | 0 |
Table 2 adopts the method (CO of embodiment 5-8
2controlled atmosphere is dry) gained dried carrot product testing result
| Drying means | Drying time, min | Carotene carotene content, mg/100g | Reconstitution rate, % | Product aberration |
| Embodiment 5 | 492 | 42.2 | 6.1 | 1.66 |
| Comparative example 5-1 | 610 | 38.85 | 5.3 | 1.85 |
| Comparative example 5-2 | 530 | 39.54 | 5.6 | 1.76 |
| Embodiment 6 | 320 | 42.78 | 6.3 | 2.42 |
| Comparative example 6-1 | 400 | 37.43 | 5.7 | 2.86 |
| Comparative example 6-2 | 330 | 39.95 | 5.8 | 2.56 |
| Embodiment 7 | 255 | 42.9 | 6.1 | 2.89 |
| Comparative example 7-1 | 340 | 36.95 | 5.6 | 3.30 |
| Comparative example 7-2 | 280 | 39.8 | 5.6 | 3.03 |
| Embodiment 8 | 249 | 43.24 | 6.9 | 2.69 |
| Comparative example 8-1 | 310 | 37.96 | 6.5 | 3.24 |
| Comparative example 8-2 | 270 | 41.19 | 6.8 | 3.01 |
| Fresh carrot | - | 46.2 | - | 0 |
As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, by direct contact type, ultrasonic and infra-red radiation is used for the heat and mass transfer enhancement of controlled atmosphere dried carrot to embodiment 1-8, compare with there is no the conventional cadre enrolled among workers of the gas of enhancements dry (comparative example), drying time shortens 13.3% ~ 20.0%, the carotene carotene content of product improves 8.1% ~ 13.9%, reconstitution rate improves 5.9% ~ 14.8%, and aberration reduces 11.5% ~ 17.2%; Compare with the ultrasound-enhanced drying of aerosphere type, drying time shortens 8% ~ 14%, and the carotene carotene content of product improves 5% ~ 8%, and reconstitution rate improves 2% ~ 8%, and aberration reduces 5% ~ 10%.Experimental result shows: adopt direct contact type ultrasonic in combination of the present invention infrared radiation enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means dried carrot, by ultrasonic strengthening mass transfer characteristic, the enhanced heat transfer performance of infra-red radiation and the hypoxemia dry environment of controlled atmosphere drying organically combine, realize reducing ultrasonic energy decay, improve moisture diffusion, strengthen energy transferring and the synergy suppressing oxidation reaction, significantly improve rate of drying and shorten drying time, and improve product carotene carotene content and rehydration performance, reduce product color change, achieve high efficiency, high-quality carrot drying object.
Claims (10)
1. a ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means, is characterized in that: while being included in controlled atmosphere heated-air drying material, carries out the ultrasonic process of direct contact type to material.
2. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the ultrasonic process of described direct contact type material is directly placed in ultrasonic radiation surface to carry out sonic oscillation.
3. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 1, is characterized in that: while controlled atmosphere heated-air drying material, also carry out infra-red radiation process to material.
4. the ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described material is carrot.
5. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 4, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) get carrot section, obtain carrot slice;
2) in the drying medium of heated-air drying, pass into the volume content that inert gas regulates oxygen in drying medium, controlled atmosphere heated-air drying is carried out to carrot slice, meanwhile, the ultrasonic process of direct contact type and infra-red radiation process are carried out to carrot slice, after drying terminates, namely obtains carrot dry product.
6. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step 2) in, in the drying medium of described controlled atmosphere heated-air drying, oxygen volume content is 5% ~ 10%.
7. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step 2) in, the temperature of described controlled atmosphere heated-air drying is 50 ~ 70 DEG C, and wind speed is 0.5 ~ 2.0m/s.
8. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step 2) in, the power of described ultrasonic process is 50 ~ 200w, and frequency is 22 ~ 100kHz.
9. ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying means according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step 2) in, the radiation temperature of described infra-red radiation process is 90 ~ 120 DEG C.
10. a ultrasound-enhanced controlled atmosphere drying device, comprise source nitrogen heat pump drying unit, the baffle plate of a level is provided with in the hothouse of this unit, hothouse is divided into upper and lower two ventilating ducts, it is characterized in that: be provided with ultrasonic transducer and Ultrasonic Radiation plate in leg space ventilation road, described ultrasonic transducer is connected by ultrasonic transformer with Ultrasonic Radiation plate; Be provided with infrared radiation panel above described Ultrasonic Radiation plate, described infrared radiation panel and Ultrasonic Radiation plate are all horizontally disposed with, and both radiating surfaces are oppositely arranged.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107646965A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-02-02 | 江苏大学 | A kind of carrot temperature control infra-red drying method using ultrasound pretreatment |
| CN107894138A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-04-10 | 广东澳亿美节能科技有限公司 | A kind of air-energy dryer |
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