CN104316186B - A kind of spectral measurement method of optically-based frequency comb - Google Patents
A kind of spectral measurement method of optically-based frequency comb Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb, this measuring method actively modulates a loop laser resonance cavity based on phase-modulator first with the optical frequency com that a time domain and frequency domain are controlled, become, with this optical frequency com, there is second optical frequency com of repetition rate minute differences, and carry out double optical frequency com spectrographic detection, obtain carrying the interference signal of testing sample information；Simultaneously, these two optical frequency coms carry out beat frequency with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers respectively, obtained by the difference frequency signal of two beat signals be mixed with this interference signal, detection is mixed the signal obtained and carries out Fourier analysis as spectral signal, to reduce the optical information of testing sample.It is an advantage of the invention that and can eliminate the error brought to spectrographic detection by the phase drift of double light comb system self, thus improve resolution ratio and the detection accuracy of spectral measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrafast laser science and technology field, be specifically related to the spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb.
Background technology
The general principle of spectrum analysis is under the effect of laser, and each atom all can absorb or launch the characteristic spectral line of self, therefore can differentiate material according to this spectrum and determine its chemical composition.Spectral measurement methods is the important embodiment applying in productive life by this abstract physical quantity of laser, and it is widely used in multiple fields such as explosive detection, biological sample analysis, metal object detection.The spectral measurement method that at present development is more ripe is based on Michelson's interferometer principle, and the laser of input is divided into two bundles, and the most a branch of arrival is with constant speed index glass for linear motion, and another bundle arrives horizontal glass；Two-beam produces optical path difference respectively after horizontal glass and index glass reflect, and the interference light of formation passes through testing sample, then by the interference light signal detected containing sample message and it is carried out Fourier transformation, obtains corresponding spectral information.FTIS (Fourier as common in market
Transform Infrared Spectrometer, is abbreviated as FTIR
Spectrometer) this operation principle is i.e. followed.But, the method inevitably need the movement of mechanical part to complete spectral measurement, and need to coordinate the Multiple-Scan to sample to reach relatively high measurement accuracy, this undoubtedly for whole measurement process stability with measure speed bring adverse effect.
On the other hand, the most emerging optical frequency com technology is owing to having the advantage that can provide the high stability ultra-short pulse laser of time-domain and frequency-domain, by Successful utilization in spectral measurement.Femtosecond laser frequency comb mainly has two big class methods for precise light spectrometry, one class is to utilize optical frequency com demarcate continuous wave laser as frequency scale and use it for spectral measurement, another kind of, it is that optical frequency com is directly used in spectral measurement, i.e. utilize double light comb system of two repetition rate the most differentiated optical frequency com compositions, the output light that wherein the output light of First light comb is combed with second light after sample cell is together incident to detector, the interference signal of two the light combs obtained is carried out Fourier analysis, i.e. obtained the spectral information of testing sample by the amplitude after sample and phase information by measuring a light comb.It is fast that double light comb spectral measurement method has measuring speed, the clear superiority that spectral resolution, signal to noise ratio are high, but during reality is measured, building of two optical frequency coms is loaded down with trivial details with precision control method, operation complexity, the maintenance difficulties of whole system is big, and involves great expense.
Summary of the invention
In place of it is an object of the invention to according to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the spectral measurement of a kind of optically-based frequency comb and method, this measuring method utilizes a time domain and the controlled optical frequency com of frequency domain to realize double light comb spectrographic detection.
The object of the invention realizes being completed by techniques below scheme:
A kind of spectral measurement method of optically-based frequency comb, relate to testing sample, it is characterized in that described measuring method at least comprises the steps: to use a time domain and the controlled optical frequency com I of frequency domain, one loop laser resonance cavity being made up of phase-modulator of a part of optical signal modulation output it, makes described loop laser resonance cavity become the stable optical frequency com of repetition rate II.
Respectively the Output of laser of described optical frequency com I, II is split；A part of Output of laser of described optical frequency com I and II is done beat frequency with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers respectively, obtains carrying the difference frequency signal f of the carrier envelope phase drift frequency information of described optical frequency com Ierror；Another part Output of laser of described optical frequency com I enters after sample cell measures described testing sample as detection light and enters back into detecting module, another part Output of laser of the most described optical frequency com II is directly entered described detecting module as reference light, and described detecting module exports both interference signal f '；By described difference frequency signal ferrorIt is mixed with described interference signal f ', to be balanced out by the frequency instability produced by described optical frequency com II in described interference signal f ', obtains spectral signal fsignal, then by described spectral signal fsignalCarry out Fourier transformation analysis, reduce the optical characteristics of described testing sample.
Described optical frequency com II, the most described loop laser resonance cavity is made up of laser pumping source, phase-modulator, gain fibre, wavelength division multiplexer and coupling follower, wherein said phase-modulator, gain fibre, wavelength division multiplexer and coupling follower head and the tail successively connect and compose loop, and described laser pumping source is connected with described wavelength division multiplexer；Be provided with between described optical frequency com II and described optical frequency com I beam splitter, photodetector, frequency divider and and frequency components and parts, described and frequency components and parts be connected with described phase-modulator.
The laser exported by described optical frequency com I is split through described beam splitter, chooses a wherein road laser and detects its repetition rate signal, and leaching its fundamental frequency signal fr by described photodetector1, by described fundamental frequency signal fr1A part input described frequency divider, to obtain difference signal fΔ, wherein fΔ= fr1/ n, n are frequency dividing multiple；The most described difference signal fΔWith described fundamental frequency signal fr1Another part together input described and frequency components and parts, produce the superposition value repetition rate modulated signal as described optical frequency com II of two frequencies, load on the described phase-modulator of described optical frequency com II, the laser that the most described laser pumping source is exported enters in described loop laser resonance cavity by described wavelength division multiplexer, described phase-modulator utilizes described repetition rate modulated signal to be modulated the laser of input, produces with fr2= fr1+fΔFor the sideband signals at interval, then through the repeatedly gain of described gain fibre and vibration, form the frequency comb that repetition rate is fixing, export repetition rate fr by described coupling follower2= fr1+fΔ, make the output repetition rate of described optical frequency com I and described optical frequency com II have difference fΔ。
The beat signal f that a part of Output of laser of optical frequency com I described in leaching produces with described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers beat frequencybeat1, a part of Output of laser of described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers beam splitting Yu described optical frequency com II is carried out beat frequency, and the beat signal f that optical frequency com II described in leaching and the comb at described optical frequency com I same position produce with described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers simultaneouslybeat2；Afterwards by described beat signal fbeat1And fbeat2Carry out difference frequency detection, obtain difference frequency signal ferror=|fbeat1- fbeat2|。
The invention have the advantage that
(1) present invention is during realizing double light comb spectral measurement, it is only necessary to an optical frequency com carries out the accurate locking of time-domain and frequency-domain, i.e. can complete the structure of double light comb system, thus greatly reduce volume and the maintenance difficulties of whole system；Simultaneously as the development of electricity component is the most ripe, the method can reduce the economic cost of system；
(2) second light comb flexible structure of the present invention, as long as mode-locked laser based on active modulation technique all can meet system requirements, therefore frequency modulation procedure can be completed by components and parts relatively conventional on the market such as electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, the structure of loop laser resonance cavity can select full fiber type laser instrument or have the blocks of solid laser instrument of space structure；
(3) in the present invention, the generation mechanism of double light comb system repetition rate differences is simple, flexible operation, and stability is high；With traditional regulation laser chamber length or exocoel scanning piezoceramics crystal with compared with producing the method for the minute differences of repetition rate, the present invention only need to detect the repetition rate signal fr of First light comb with photodetector1, and coordinate electricity and frequency and frequency splitting technology, by the fr of synthesis1+
fr1/ n loads on the phase-modulator of second light comb as modulated signal, can realize the accurate output of second light comb repetition rate；Simultaneously as the output repetition rate of First light comb has high stability, therefore the repetition rate of second optical frequency com is also locked control；
(4) present invention light is combed the frequency instability of system by with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers beat frequency, and the mode of a leaching wherein beat signal passes out；The interference signal that this signal and double light comb effect samples obtain is mixed to offset light comb and self shakes the error that spectrographic detection is brought, thus avoiding the locking of the carrier envelope phase drift frequency to second optical frequency com, whole operating process is simple；
(5) spectral measurement method that double optical frequency com technology combine with cavity reinforced absorption spectrum, Fourier trasform spectroscopy, compared to other spectral measurement methodses, measurement system is without any Mechanical Moving, and faster, and spectral resolution, signal to noise ratio are higher for measuring speed；
(6) double optical frequency com spectral techniques may utilize the full spectrum of light comb and measure, and be similar to use the narrow-linewidth laser of numerous frequency and phase stabilization, and its spectral resolution is limited to the live width of single comb, generally at KHz to sub-hertz magnitude；
(7) optical frequency com system can realize the mean power high power optical frequency comb at tens supreme hectowatts by the optical amplifier of single-stage or company's level, the single pulse energy of its every comb is higher, can complete the measurement to spectrum in the case of optical frequency com seed source pulse has relatively low-repetition-frequency；Meanwhile, high power optical frequency comb is advantageously implemented the frequency domain of light comb and widens, and can expand the output light bands that light is combed to covering ultraviolet, visible Yu infrared relative broad range, thus realize the spectral measurement to different material, widen the application of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the output repetition rate accurately controlling second optical frequency com in the present invention with First optical frequency com；
Fig. 2 is the method structural representation being improved spectral measurement precision in the present invention by electricity mixing schemes；
Fig. 3 is the device schematic diagram in the present invention with Near-infrared Double light comb systematic survey hydrone absorption spectrum.
Detailed description of the invention
Inventive feature and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, in order to the understanding of technical staff of the same trade:
nullSuch as Fig. 1-3，Figure marks 1-30 and is respectively as follows: optical frequency com 1、Optical frequency com 2、Beam splitter 3、Photodetector 4、Frequency divider 5、Crystal oscillator 6、With frequency components and parts 7、Wavelength division multiplexer 8、Gain fibre 9、Phase-modulator 10、Coupling follower 11、Testing sample 12、Spectral detection device 13、Data acquisition module 14、Frequency Stabilized Lasers transmitter module 15 continuously、Light comb and continuous laser beat signal processing module 16、Electricity mixing and filtering module 17、Fourier transformation analyzer 18、Optical frequency com 19、Optical frequency com seed source 20、Frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser 21 continuously、Photonic crystal fiber 22、Variable band-pass filter 23、Polarizer 24、Polarization beam apparatus 25、Hydrone sample cell 26、Infrared band semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 27、Infrared band total reflective mirror 28、Light combs the beat frequency with continuous laser and signal leaching module 29、Light combs the beat frequency with continuous laser and signal leaching module 30；
Wherein LD is laser pumping source.
Embodiment one: the present embodiment is specifically related to the spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb, this measuring method actively modulates a loop laser resonance cavity based on phase-modulator first with the optical frequency com that a time domain and frequency domain are controlled, become, with this optical frequency com, there is second optical frequency com of repetition rate minute differences, and carry out double light comb spectrographic detection, obtain carrying the interference signal of testing sample information；Simultaneously, these two optical frequency coms carry out beat frequency with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers respectively, obtained by the difference frequency signal of two beat signals be mixed with this interference signal, detection is mixed the signal obtained and carries out Fourier analysis as spectral signal, to reduce the optical information of testing sample.
As it is shown in figure 1, the process passing through the output repetition rate that First optical frequency com 1 accurately controls second optical frequency com 2 is as follows:
The laser launched by optical frequency com 1 is split through beam splitter 3, chooses a wherein road laser and detects its repetition rate signal, and leaching its fundamental frequency signal fr by photodetector 41, by the part input frequency divider 5 of this fundamental frequency signal, it is thus achieved that frequency is at the difference signal f of radio-frequency rangeΔ(wherein fΔ= fr1/ n, n are frequency dividing multiple), then drive crystal oscillator 6 with this signal so that it is produce stable frequency signal fΔ；fΔSignal and fundamental frequency signal fr1Another part signal together input electricity and frequency element 7, produce the superposition value repetition rate modulated signal as second optical frequency com 2 of two frequencies, loading on the phase-modulator 10 of optical frequency com 2, making the loop laser resonance cavity of optical frequency com 2 produce repetition rate is fr2= fr1 + fΔStable pulse sequence.The repetition rate signal of second optical frequency com 2 that thus method controls has identical stability with the repetition rate signal of First optical frequency com 1, is controlled by extraneous standard frequency source, and the frequency values f of both differencesΔAlso there is absolute stable feature.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the process by electricity mixing schemes raising spectral measurement precision is as follows:
First, the Output of laser of the First optical frequency com 1 repetition rate controlled with carrier envelope phase frequency precision is split, one part laser enters back into spectral detection device 13 as after the detection light entrance sample cell measurement testing sample 12 of double light comb spectroscopic system, the laser that another part laser is launched with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers transmitter module 15 does beat frequency, obtains beat signal fbeat1；Simultaneously, the Output of laser only locking second optical frequency com 2 of repetition rate is split, one part laser is directly entered spectral detection device 13 as reference light, the laser that another part laser uses same procedure and continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers transmitter module 15 to launch does beat frequency, obtains beat signal fbeat2。
Thereafter, initial interference signal f ＇ is obtained by spectral detection device 13 and data acquisition module 14, due in light comb system, the carrier envelope phase drift frequency of second optical frequency com 2 is without locking, therefore carries the carrier envelope phase drift information of sample spectra information and optical frequency com 2 in this f ＇ signal simultaneously.Meanwhile, beat signal f is produced by light comb with continuous laser beat signal processing module 16beat1With beat signal fbeat2Error signal ferror=|fbeat1- fbeat2|, due to fbeat1Signal absolute stability, therefore the carrier envelope phase drift information of optical frequency com 2 passes through fbeat2Transmission gives error signal ferror。
Finally, due to f ＇ and ferrorContain identical being combed by second light and cause frequency drift amount, therefore two signals are mixed by electricity mixing and filtering module 17, frequency instability is balanced out by the way of electricity, the spectral signal f obtainedsignal, then by Fourier transformation analyzer 18, the information of testing sample absorption line can be obtained.This method has stopped the error that the inexactness of survey tool is brought to results of spectral measurements, from realizing the high-resolution of spectrum, high accuracy measurement.
It is below the specific descriptions to device mentioned in above steps:
As it is shown in figure 1, the optical frequency com 1(i.e. comb that First time-frequency domain precision controls1) it is that the present embodiment realizes pair requirement of light comb spectral measurement, the control process of optical frequency com is primarily referred to as accurate its repetition rate signal of locking with carrier envelope phase drift frequency signal on extraneous standard signal source, and this signal source includes commercially standard atomic clock module, atomic transition spectral line or the continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers of super-narrow line width etc..Be provided with between optical frequency com 1 and optical frequency com 2 beam splitter 3, photodetector 4, frequency divider 5, crystal oscillator 6 and and frequency components and parts 7, it is connected with optical frequency com 2 with frequency components and parts 7, beam splitter 3 and the photodetector 4 of corresponding wave band need to be selected according to the centre wavelength of optical frequency com output spectrum, the repetition rate signal of the First optical frequency com 1 that detection obtains, according to the fundamental frequency signal f of repetition rater1Concrete numerical value determine frequency divider 5, crystal oscillator 6 with and the center response frequency of frequency element 7 and bandwidth, with the electronic noise of suppression system, improve detection accuracy.
As shown in Figure 1, second i.e. comb2 of optical frequency com 2() it is active mode locking laser instrument based on phase-modulator 10, it can select all optical fibre structure, half space half optical fiber structure or blocks of solid laser instrument, the pumping laser of laser pumping source LD output enters in loop laser resonance cavity by wavelength division multiplexer 8, loop laser resonance cavity is mainly by wavelength division multiplexer 8, gain fibre 9, phase-modulator 10 and coupling follower 11 form, wherein gain fibre 9 can select to mix ytterbium according to the centre frequency of spectral measurement system, er-doped or the optical fiber of other rare earth ions that adulterate or bulk crystals.By phase-modulator 10, the frequency of input laser is modulated, produces with fr2= fr1+fΔFor the sideband signals at interval, then through the gain of loop laser resonance cavity and multiple oscillation, form the frequency comb that repetition rate is fixing, exported by coupling follower 11；The selection of coupling follower 11 can be according to the fiber optic splitter of the corresponding wave band of the structure choice of laser instrument or the Space Coupling mirror with certain transmittance.
As it is shown in figure 1, optical frequency com 1 and optical frequency com 2 are respectively provided with main output port, in order to carry out the work such as the follow-up expansion of laser frequency territory, continuous laser beat frequency and spectrographic detection.
As in figure 2 it is shown, testing sample 12 can present the multiple physical states such as gaseous state, liquid or solid-state, during measurement, can determine, according to the approximate location at sample optical absorption peak, the centre wavelength that optical frequency com system exports；Meanwhile, for obtaining sample optical information in wider frequency range, can coordinate and the output spectrum of optical frequency com is widened.
As shown in Figure 2, optical frequency com 1 detects as in flashlight directly incident testing sample 12, the output light of optical frequency com 2 as reference light without testing sample 12, signal reference and the normalization foundation in data handling procedure is provided for whole detection system, the effect of spectral detection device 13 is to detect interference signal produced by flashlight and reference light beat frequency, it shows as the whole irregular peak signal of amplitude envelops lower limb on frequency domain, thus reflects the testing sample 12 absorbing state to incident laser.Spectral detection device 13 can be made up of the avalanche photodetector of the two or more corresponding wave band built voluntarily, it is also possible to balanced detector commercially, corresponding circuit controls to form.
As shown in Figure 2, data acquisition module 14 is to combine computer and special test software and hardware product to realize the part of spectrum data gathering and control, different types of data collecting card can be selected according to the certainty of measurement of different double light comb spectroscopic systems, realize flexibly, data record accurately, obtain initial optical interference signal f '.
As shown in Figure 2, first Frequency Stabilized Lasers transmitter module 15 needs the continuous laser meeting its output have fabulous single longitudinal mode characteristic and have super-narrow line width in frequency domain continuously, this is to obtain light comb to stablize beat signal basis with continuous laser, is also the basic demand of spectral measurement system raising detection accuracy；Secondly, the output wavelength of continuous laser to match with the output center wavelength of optical frequency com 1 and 2, to ensure that light comb has ideal signal to noise ratio with beat signal during its beat frequency, this signal amplitude on spectrum analyzer typically need to be made more than 25dB.During whole system builds, a part of laser continuous laser beam splitting obtained can be selected to control its time-frequency domain precision as the standard frequency source of First optical frequency com 1, so can reduce the complexity of system further, improve stability and the compactedness of device.
As shown in Figure 2, light comb generally comprises the elements such as photodetector, wave filter and frequency mixer with continuous laser beat signal processing module 16, its Main Function is two beat signals that two comb co-located in detection two optical frequency coms of leaching produce with continuous laser respectively, and the two beat signal is mixed, obtain difference frequency signal ferror；Wherein photodetector generally uses avalanche photodide, and depending on the selection of wave filter need to be according to the frequency range at beat signal place, bandwidth is typically at about 10MHz, and frequency mixer need to have the good speed of response and noise suppression feature.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the effect of electricity mixing and filtering module 17 is above-mentioned interference signal f ＇ and difference frequency signal ferrorDifference frequency is done in mixing, to offset the frequency instability of light comb system, obtains spectral signal f to be restoredsignal。
As in figure 2 it is shown, the effect of Fourier transformation analyzer 18 is that the spectral signal of the radio-frequency range obtained is reduced into time-domain signal, in order to read and analyze the relevant optical properties of testing sample.
Embodiment two: as it is shown on figure 3, the present embodiment is specifically related to a kind of method using Near-infrared Double light comb systematic survey hydrone absorption spectrum, specifically comprise the following steps that
(1) one of stabilized light source that an Er-doped fiber optical frequency com 19 is combed spectrum investigating system as double light, its output center wavelength is near 1550nm, and mean power is in 1W magnitude, and pulse width is at about 100fs, and the mean value of repetition rate is 250MHz；This optical frequency com is locked on the continuous frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser of super-narrow line width 21 by servo feedback Circuits System, the high spectral line precision that the external world is produced by atomic transition can be delivered in optical frequency com system.
(2) cavity structure such as the comb in Fig. 1 of Er-doped fiber optical frequency com seed source 20 based on phase-modulator2Shown in module, wherein laser pumping source LD uses 980nm optical fiber output type semiconductor laser, by the optical fibre wavelength division multiplexer 8 of 980/1550nm by coupling pump light to loop laser resonance cavity, gain media uses the single-mode fiber of er-doped, its gain coefficient about 70dB/m；Meanwhile, this optical frequency com seed source 20 output time width can be made in the ultrashort pulse sequence of about 100fs by increasing the dispersion compensating fiber management intra-cavity dispersion of 1550nm wave band in chamber.
(3) phase-modulator in Er-doped fiber optical frequency com seed source 20 based on phase-modulator uses electrooptic modulator based on lithium columbate crystal, the nonlinear optical properties utilizing lithium columbate crystal completes the modulation of the active to loop laser resonance cavity repetition rate, the production method of modulating frequency is as it was previously stated, according to precise signal fr produced by First optical frequency com 191Actively modulate second optical frequency com seed source 20 to export the pulse of light and be spaced apart fr with pulse frequency2= fr1 + fΔ；The Output of laser of two optical frequency coms all presents spatial light state.
(4) during utilizing double light comb systematic survey hydrone sample absorption spectrum, first the output light of optical frequency com 19 and optical frequency com seed source 20 is inputted frequency domain broadening module based on photonic crystal fiber 22, its object is to be positioned at wavelength the frequency range that the optical frequency com of 1550nm covered widen as much as possible, to collect the optical characteristics that sample is represented at different frequency range；Simultaneously, by parameters such as the polarization state of Reasonable adjustment photonic crystal fiber 22 incident light, peak power, pulse widths, two optical frequency coms are made to have more consistent output spectrum distribution, this coverage and precision of being conducive to improving the radio-frequency spectrum produced in double light comb spectrographic detection, thus affect the quality of results of spectral measurements.
(5) for improving the accuracy of spectral measurement, generally will be through frequency domain broadening two-way light comb laser respectively by variable band-pass filter 23, by spectral region segmentation wider for optical frequency com, sequentially pass through sample to detect, then the results of spectral measurements of different frequency range is combined the whole test image of reduction.The centre wavelength of variable band-pass filter 23 should be consistent with the center output wavelength of light comb, is 1550nm herein.
(6) using the output light of optical frequency com 19 as detection light, the output light of optical frequency com seed source 20 carries out the absorption spectrum detection of hydrone sample as reference light, by using polarization beam apparatus 25, by detecting light and all carrying out coherently combined detection with reference light without the detection light of hydrone sample cell 26 through hydrone sample cell 26, to bring up to the contrast of detectable signal, the authenticity of Enhancement test data and reliability；The effect of polarizer 24 is to promote further the signal to noise ratio of the spectral signal detected.
The interference signal of (7) two light combs is entered by the spectral detection device 13 built by balance detection method and carries out Data Collection and process in data acquisition module 14, is carried the interference signal f ＇ of sample spectra information and light comb frequency drift amount simultaneously.
(8) on the other hand, by by the output light beam splitting of optical frequency com 19 and optical frequency com seed source 20, two light comb output light with continuous frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser 21 respectively carries out beat frequency, and the beat frequency of light comb and continuous laser all contains beat signal detection and the leaching elements such as reflective gratings, aperture, condenser lens, avalanche photodetector, narrow band filter with signal leaching module 29 and 30；Need the luffing angle of each optics of Reasonable adjustment and relative position, make the beat signal amplitude detected more than 25dB, simultaneously, the beat signal that the light comb comb that in two modules, the selection of narrow band filter needs leaching co-located produces with continuous laser, to ensure the frequency precision of whole system.
(9) radiofrequency signal f produced respectively with signal leaching module 29 and 30 by the beat frequency of light comb with continuous laserbeat1With fbeat2Difference frequency signal f is obtained through frequency mixererror=|fbeat1- fbeat2|, it comprises by second light comb without the light comb system frequency amount of jitter caused by the carrier envelope phase frequency of locking.
(10) the interference signal f ＇ and difference frequency signal f of sample spectra information and light comb frequency drift amount will be carried simultaneouslyerrorTwo signals are mixed and filtering, by rationally selecting frequency mixer and the response frequency of wave filter and bandwidth, by the difference frequency signal f of two signalssignalExtract, then by fsignalSignal enters in Fourier transformation analyzer and carries out spectrum reduction, thus balance out the error brought by the frequency instability of optical frequency com to results of spectral measurements, it is achieved obtain the novel measuring metering method of spectral information by controlling and obtain femtosecond laser frequency comb amplitude after testing sample and phase place.
Claims (5)
1. the spectral measurement method of an optically-based frequency comb, relate to testing sample, it is characterized in that described measuring method at least comprises the steps: to use a time domain and the controlled optical frequency com I of frequency domain, one loop laser resonance cavity being made up of phase-modulator of a part of optical signal modulation output it, makes described loop laser resonance cavity become the stable optical frequency com of repetition rate II.
The spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that respectively the Output of laser of described optical frequency com I, II is split；A part of Output of laser of described optical frequency com I and II is done beat frequency with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers respectively, obtains carrying the difference frequency signal f of the carrier envelope phase drift frequency information of described optical frequency com Ierror；Another part Output of laser of described optical frequency com I enters after sample cell measures described testing sample as detection light and enters back into detecting module, another part Output of laser of the most described optical frequency com II is directly entered described detecting module as reference light, and described detecting module exports both interference signal f '；By described difference frequency signal ferrorIt is mixed with described interference signal f ', to be balanced out by the frequency instability produced by described optical frequency com II in described interference signal f ', obtains spectral signal fsignal, then by described spectral signal fsignalCarry out Fourier transformation analysis, reduce the optical characteristics of described testing sample.
The spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described optical frequency com II, the most described loop laser resonance cavity is made up of laser pumping source, phase-modulator, gain fibre, wavelength division multiplexer and coupling follower, wherein said phase-modulator, gain fibre, wavelength division multiplexer and coupling follower head and the tail successively connect and compose loop, and described laser pumping source is connected with described wavelength division multiplexer；Be provided with between described optical frequency com II and described optical frequency com I beam splitter, photodetector, frequency divider and and frequency components and parts, described and frequency components and parts be connected with described phase-modulator.
The spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb the most according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the laser exported by described optical frequency com I is split through described beam splitter, choose a wherein road laser and detect its repetition rate signal, and leaching its fundamental frequency signal fr by described photodetector1, by described fundamental frequency signal fr1A part input described frequency divider, to obtain difference signal fΔ, wherein fΔ= fr1/ n, n are frequency dividing multiple；The most described difference signal fΔWith described fundamental frequency signal fr1Another part together input described and frequency components and parts, produce the superposition value repetition rate modulated signal as described optical frequency com II of two frequencies, load on the described phase-modulator of described optical frequency com II, the laser that the most described laser pumping source is exported enters in described loop laser resonance cavity by described wavelength division multiplexer, described phase-modulator utilizes described repetition rate modulated signal to be modulated the laser of input, produces with fr2= fr1+fΔFor the sideband signals at interval, then through the repeatedly gain of described gain fibre and vibration, form the frequency comb that repetition rate is fixing, export repetition rate fr by described coupling follower2= fr1+fΔ, make the output repetition rate of described optical frequency com I and described optical frequency com II have difference fΔ。
The spectral measurement method of a kind of optically-based frequency comb the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the beat signal f that a part of Output of laser of optical frequency com I described in leaching produces with continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers beat frequencybeat1, a part of Output of laser of described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers beam splitting Yu described optical frequency com II is carried out beat frequency, and the beat signal f that optical frequency com II described in leaching and the comb at described optical frequency com I same position produce with described continuous Frequency Stabilized Lasers simultaneouslybeat2；Afterwards by described beat signal fbeat1And fbeat2Carry out difference frequency detection, obtain difference frequency signal ferror=|fbeat1-
fbeat2|。
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