CN104311495B - 一种nh‑1,2,3‑三氮唑的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种nh‑1,2,3‑三氮唑的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104311495B
CN104311495B CN201410565684.XA CN201410565684A CN104311495B CN 104311495 B CN104311495 B CN 104311495B CN 201410565684 A CN201410565684 A CN 201410565684A CN 104311495 B CN104311495 B CN 104311495B
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关正辉
权雪静
任智卉
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Northwest University
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    • C07D249/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/041,2,3-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,3-triazoles
    • C07D249/061,2,3-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,3-triazoles with aryl radicals directly attached to ring atoms
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    • C07D249/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
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    • C07D403/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
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    • C07D405/04Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07D491/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种式(I)所示NH‑1,2,3‑三氮唑的合成方法,其在路易斯酸催化剂催化作用下,式(II)所示硝基烯与叠氮酸盐发生1,3‑偶极环加成反应,其中,Ar为苯基、取代苯基、萘基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吲哚基或苯乙烯基;R为氢原子、苯基、取代苯基或C1‑C6的烷基。本发明反应条件温和、生产成本低、底物适用范围广泛且产率高,为合成具有药物活性的NH‑1,2,3‑三氮唑类化合物提供了新途径。

Description

一种NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成方法,是一种适宜于大规模生产NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的简单高效的合成方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
现代制药、农药行业中,NH-1,2,3-三氮唑广泛用于有机杂环中间体的制备和药物合成中。在医药方面,NH-1,2,3-三氮唑自身是重要的药效基团,可作为人类甲硫氨酸氨肽酶 (hMetAP2),吲哚胺2,3-二氧化酶(IDO)等的抑制剂,同时它还是许多生物活性分子的基本骨架。传统合成NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的方法主要有(1)铜催化炔烃与三甲基硅基叠氮的“点击反应”和(2)钯催化β-溴代被乙烯与叠氮钠的偶联反应。这些NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成方法存在反应步骤多、原料不易得、条件苛刻、底物范围有限、产率不高,不适宜大规模生产等缺点。
鉴于现有制备方法的种种不足,开发出一种原料易得、反应条件温和、生产成本低、底物适用范围广泛、产率高且易于操作的制备NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的新方法具有重要意义和实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种原料易得、反应条件温和、生产成本低、适用范围广、合成产率高的NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的制备方法。
本发明实现过程如下:
一种式(I)所示NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成方法,其在路易斯酸催化剂催化作用下,式(II)所示硝基烯与叠氮酸盐发生1,3-偶极环加成反应,
其中,Ar为苯基、取代苯基、萘基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吲哚基或苯乙烯基;R为氢原子、苯基、取代苯基或C1-C6的烷基;
所述取代苯基为卤素、C1-C6的烷氧基、C1-C6的烷基、羟基、硝基、腈基取代的苯基。
所述叠氮酸盐选自叠氮化钠、叠氮化锂、叠氮化钾。
所述的路易斯酸催化剂选自氯化铁、溴化锌、乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化氢、硫酸、对甲苯磺酸,优选为为对甲苯磺酸。
所述的路易斯酸催化剂用量为式(II)硝基烯用量的0.05-1.0倍。
上述反应所用溶剂为甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈、甲醇,优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜。
上述反应在氧气、氩气或空气中进行,最佳为空气。
上述反应在20~120oC的温度范围内实施,最佳温度为60 oC。
本发明方法具有绿色高效、反应条件温和、操作简单、适用范围广、生产成本低、合成产率高等特点。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,现举例说明,但是这些实施例并不以任何方式限定本发明的范围。
实施例1:由β-硝基苯乙烯制备4-苯基-NH-1,2,3-三氮唑
向250mL圆底烧瓶中,加入β-硝基苯乙烯 (10.5g, 70 mmol),NaN3 (5.5g,84mmol) 和100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,再加入对甲苯磺酸 (3.3g, 21mmol),在空气中加热至60 ℃进行反应,经薄层色谱检测反应,待反应完成后冷却至室温,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯和水进行萃取,合并有机相并将其真空旋干,反应粗品通过重结晶或柱色谱分离得纯品9.4g,产物性状为白色固体,产率93%。
结构分析
1H NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz), 1 drop TFA : δ 15.19 (s, 1 H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H), 7.44 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.35 (d, J = 6.8Hz, 1 H); 13C NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 100 MHz) , 1 drop TFA: δ 145.3, 130.4, 129.0,128.2, 127.4, 125.7. HRMS Calcd (ESI) m/z for C8H8N3: [M+H]+ 146.0713, found:146.0709。
使用路易斯酸催化剂氯化铁、溴化锌、乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化氢或硫酸代替对甲苯磺酸,二甲亚砜代替N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,产物产率在62~81%之间变化。
实施例2:由β-硝基对甲氧基苯乙烯制备4-甲氧基苯基-NH-1,2,3-三氮唑
向10mL圆底烧瓶中,加入β-硝基对甲氧基苯乙烯 (53.7 mg, 0.3mol),NaN3 (29.3mg, 0.45mmol)和3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,再加入对甲苯磺酸 (25.8 mg, 0.15mmol),在空气中加热至60℃进行反应,经薄层色谱检测反应,待反应完成后冷却至室温,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯和水进行萃取,合并有机相并将其真空旋干,反应粗品通过重结晶或柱色谱分离得纯品50.9 mg,产物性状为白色固体,产率97%。
结构分析:1H NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz), 1 drop TFA: δ 8.22 (s, 1 H), 7.79(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.77 (s, 3 H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 100 MHz), 1 drop TFA: δ 159.4, 144.9, 127.1, 122.8, 114.4, 55.2. HRMSCalcd (ESI) m/z for C9H10N3O: [M+H]+ 176.0818, found: 176.0817。
使用路易斯酸催化剂氯化铁、溴化锌、乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化氢或硫酸代替对甲苯磺酸,二甲亚砜代替N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,产物产率在65~84%之间变化。
实施例3:由β-硝基2,4-二氯苯乙烯-制备2,4-二氯苯基- NH-1,2,3-三氮唑
向10mL圆底烧瓶中,加入β-硝基2,4-二氯苯乙烯(65.1 mg, 0.3 mmol),NaN3 (29.3mg, 0.45mmol)和3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,再加入对甲苯磺酸 (25.8 mg,0.15mmol),在空气中加热至60℃进行反应,经薄层色谱检测反应,待反应完成后冷却至室温,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯和水进行萃取,合并有机相并将其真空旋干,反应粗品通过重结晶或柱色谱分离得纯品57.5 mg,产物性状为白色固体,产率90%。
结构分析:1H NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz), 1 drop TFA: δ 8.41 (s, 1 H), 7.96(d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (s, 1 H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H). 13C NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 100 MHz), 1 drop TFA: δ 141.6, 133.3, 131.7, 131.2, 129.7, 128.4, 127.8.HRMS Calcd (ESI) m/z for C8H6N3Cl2: [M+H]+ 213.9933, found: 213.9934。
使用路易斯酸催化剂氯化铁、溴化锌、乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化氢或硫酸代替对甲苯磺酸,乙腈代替N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,产物产率在53~78%之间变化。
实施例4:由β-硝基对甲氧基苯乙烯制备4-甲氧基苯基-NH-1,2,3-三氮唑
向10mL圆底烧瓶中,加入β-硝基苯丙烯 (48.9 mg, 0.3mol),NaN3 (29.3 mg,0.45mmol)和3mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,再加入对甲苯磺酸 (25.8 mg, 0.15mmol),在空气中加热至60℃进行反应,经薄层色谱检测反应,待反应完成后冷却至室温,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯和水进行萃取,合并有机相并将其真空旋干,反应粗品通过重结晶或柱色谱分离得纯品44.8 mg,产物性状为白色固体,产率94%。
结构分析: 1H NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz), 1 drop TFA: δ 9.02 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2 H), 8.77 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2 H), 8.67 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.75 (s, 3H).13C NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 100 MHz), 1 drop TFA:δ 141.7, 131.1, 128.8, 127.6, 126.7,10.6. HRMS Calcd (ESI) m/z for C9H10N3: [M+H]+ 160.0869, found: 160.0874。
使用路易斯酸催化剂氯化铁、溴化锌、乙酸、三氟乙酸、氯化氢或硫酸代替对甲苯磺酸,溶剂甲苯、二甲亚砜、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈或甲醇代替N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,温度在20~120oC之间改变,均可获得产物。
实施例5:由β-硝基苯乙烯制备4-苯基-NH-1,2,3-三氮唑
向250mL圆底烧瓶中,加入β-硝基苯乙烯 (1.5g, 10 mmol), LiN3 (0.59g,12mmol) 和15mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,再加入对甲苯磺酸 (0.47g, 3mmol),在空气中加热至60 ℃进行反应,经薄层色谱检测反应,待反应完成后冷却至室温,反应混合物用乙酸乙酯和水进行萃取,合并有机相并将其真空旋干,反应粗品通过重结晶或柱色谱分离得纯品1.3g,产物性状为白色固体,产率90%。
使用不同的式(II) 硝基烯参照实施例5反应条件,制备不同的NH-1,2,3-三氮唑,其结果如下表所示。
注:13,16,17的反应条件中温度为100oC,其余为60oC。
本发明提出了一种反应条件温和、生产成本低、底物适用范围广泛且产率高的制备NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的新方法,该方法简单高效,为合成具有药物活性的NH-1,2,3-三氮唑类化合物提供了新途径。

Claims (6)

1.一种式(I)所示NH-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成方法,其特征在于: 在路易斯酸催化剂对甲苯磺酸催化作用下,式(II)所示硝基烯与叠氮酸盐发生1,3-偶极环加成反应,
其中,Ar为苯基、取代苯基、萘基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吲哚基或苯乙烯基;
R为氢原子、苯基、取代苯基或C1-C6的烷基;
所述苯基的取代基为卤素、C1-C6的烷氧基、C1-C6的烷基、羟基、硝基、腈基;
上述反应温度为20~120℃,所用溶剂为甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、1,4-二氧六环、1,2-二氯乙烷、乙腈、甲醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述合成方法,其特征在于:叠氮酸盐选自叠氮化钠、叠氮化锂、叠氮化钾。
3.根据权利要求1所述合成方法,其特征在于:路易斯酸催化剂用量为式(II)硝基烯用量的0.05-1.0倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述合成方法,其特征在于:反应所用溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜。
5.根据权利要求1所述合成方法,其特征在于:反应在氧气、氩气或空气中进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述合成方法,其特征在于:反应在60℃进行。
CN201410565684.XA 2014-10-23 2014-10-23 一种nh‑1,2,3‑三氮唑的合成方法 Expired - Fee Related CN104311495B (zh)

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