CN104298295A - Photovoltaic power generation system maximum power tracking control method based on multiple step lengths - Google Patents

Photovoltaic power generation system maximum power tracking control method based on multiple step lengths Download PDF

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CN104298295A
CN104298295A CN201410483044.4A CN201410483044A CN104298295A CN 104298295 A CN104298295 A CN 104298295A CN 201410483044 A CN201410483044 A CN 201410483044A CN 104298295 A CN104298295 A CN 104298295A
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maximum power
photovoltaic
disturbance
step size
duty cycle
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CN104298295B (en
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杨苹
许志荣
周东宝
李鹏
雷金勇
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China South Power Grid International Co ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于多步长的光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪控制方法，该方法首先设定初始扰动步长。利用函数M=V*abs（dP/dV）对光伏电池P-V曲线进行分界，在最大功率点左侧区域，当函数dM/dV的值大于0时，取步长d1；当函数dM/dV的值小于0时，取步长d1*M/P。在最大功率点右侧区域，当函数M的值大于功率P时，取步长d2；当函数M的值小于功率P时，取步长d2*M/P。本发明所提的方法简单实用，利用厂家提供的光伏电池板参数就可以确定初始定步长的比例关系。本发明解决了大多数最大功率跟踪控制不能同时兼顾稳态精度和动态跟踪速度的问题。

The invention discloses a multi-step-based maximum power tracking control method for a photovoltaic power generation system. The method first sets an initial disturbance step. Use the function M=V*abs(dP/dV) to demarcate the PV curve of the photovoltaic cell. In the area on the left side of the maximum power point, when the value of the function dM/dV is greater than 0, take the step size d 1 ; when the function dM/dV When the value of is less than 0, take the step size d 1 *M/P. In the area on the right side of the maximum power point, when the value of the function M is greater than the power P, take the step size d 2 ; when the value of the function M is smaller than the power P, take the step size d 2 *M/P. The method proposed by the present invention is simple and practical, and the proportional relationship of the initial fixed step length can be determined by using the parameters of the photovoltaic battery panel provided by the manufacturer. The invention solves the problem that most maximum power tracking controls cannot take into account both steady-state accuracy and dynamic tracking speed.

Description

A kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method long based on multistep
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar photovoltaic technology field, especially a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method long based on multistep.
Background technology
Solar energy resources rich reserves, be easy to obtain, cleanliness without any pollution, is a kind of important regenerative resource, is widely used in recent years.Photovoltaic generation, as the one of solar electrical energy generation mode, progressively becomes the principal mode of Solar use.Compared with traditional generation mode, photovoltaic generation has the advantages such as structure is simple, reliability is high, zero-emission, noiseless, volume is little, the life-span is long.
The efficiency of photovoltaic generating system is one of most important index of photovoltaic system, the important channel of high-power point being followed the tracks of to the efficiency being raising photovoltaic system is carried out to photovoltaic system, domestic and international many scholars propose a variety of MPPT maximum power point tracking technology, conventional there are constant-voltage method, disturbance observation, conductance increment method, wherein constant-voltage method can only use in the scope that temperature inversion is less, be a kind of approximate MPPT maximum power point tracking technology, tracking accuracy is not high.Disturbance observation can trace into maximum power point, but its impact by disturbance step-length is comparatively large, can trace into maximum power point fast when disturbance step-length is larger, but larger in the vibration of maximum power point place; When disturbance step-length is less, although less in the vibration of maximum power point place, tracking time is longer, and tracking velocity is not high.
Find by prior art documents, High-performance algorithms for drift avoidance and fast tracking in solar MPPT system (Pandey, A., N.DasgVpta and A.K.Mukerjee, High-performance algorithms for drift avoidance and fast tracking in solar MPPT system.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2008.23 (2): p.681-689.) propose a kind of variable step disturbance observation, systematic steady state performance and dynamic property can be taken into account preferably.But restricted application, and variable step coefficient is determined cumbersome.A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems (Fangrui, L., et al., A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2008.55 (7): p.2622-2628.) discuss a kind of variable step conductance increment method, give the stepsize formula of variable step, but the method tracking effect when external condition acute variation is not fine, variable step perform region is very little, system is operated in fixed step size state always, steady state power loss is larger, system is all operated in variable step state, and dynamic tracking velocity is comparatively slow, namely there is " dead band " problem.A Novel Improved Variable Step-Size Incremental-Resistance MPPT Method for PV Systems (Mei, Q., et al., A Novel Improved Variable Step-Size Incremental-Resistance MPPT Method for PV Systems.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011.58 (6): p.2427-2434.) discuss a kind of novel variable step conductance increment method, propose a kind of step-length boundary method and step-length tuning formulae, but this step-length boundary method calculated amount comparatively large (needs carry out repeatedly derivative operation), step-length tuning formulae fails to make full use of a point bound function, add operand equally, certain difficulty is brought to the realization of the method.
For above deficiency, the present invention considers photovoltaic system dynamic property and steady-state behaviour, according on the left of the photovoltaic cell parameter determination maximum power point that photovoltaic cell manufacturer provides, the proportionate relationship of right side initial step length, and utilize the absolute value of voltage and power vs. voltage differential product to demarcate to photovoltaic property curve, adopt different step-lengths in different border region.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell method long based on multistep is provided, the loss of photovoltaic system steady state power can be reduced simultaneously and improve dynamic tracking velocity, optimizing the design procedure of photovoltaic generating system maximal power tracing algorithm.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Based on the photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method that multistep is long, it comprises the steps:
(1) the initial disturbance step-length d of maximal power tracing algorithm is set 1and d 2, d 1, d 2act on the left of maximum power point and right side respectively;
(2) sampling k moment photovoltaic cell output end voltage V (k), electric current I (k);
(3) obtain the output power from photovoltaic cells P (k) in k moment, calculate photovoltaic cell output voltage variation delta V (k)=V (k)-V (k-1), current change quantity Δ I (k)=I (k)-I (k-1) and power variation Δ P (k)=P (the k)-P (k-1) in k moment; Wherein V (k-1), I (k-1), P (k-1) be the k-1 moment photovoltaic cell output voltage, electric current and power;
(4) judge whether Δ V (k) is 0; If 0, then judge whether Δ I (k) is 0; If Δ I (k)=0, do not change the dutycycle D of control circuit switching tube trigger pulse, return and continue sampling; If Δ I (k) <0, illustrative system work at present is on the right side of maximum power point place, and choosing step-length is d 1, negative sense disturbance is applied to dutycycle D; If Δ I (k) >0, illustrative system work at present is on the left of maximum power point place, and getting step-length is d 2, forward disturbance is applied to dutycycle D;
If judge Δ V (k) ≠ 0, calculate G (k)=Δ I (k)/Δ V (k)+I (k)/V (k); If G (k)=0, do not change dutycycle D value, return and continue sampling; Wherein G (k) is conductance function; If G (k) is >0, illustrative system present operating point is on the left of maximum power point, and apply forward disturbance to dutycycle D, disturbance step-length is d 2; If G (k) is <0, illustrative system present operating point is on the right side of maximum power point, and apply negative sense disturbance to dutycycle D, disturbance step-length is d 1;
(5) gained dutyfactor value is compared the pulse width modulating signal that output duty cycle is D with carrier signal, control the break-make of booster circuit breaker in middle pipe, realize the tracking to peak power, repeat step (2) ~ (4) until k+1 moment system works is at maximum power point.
Further, the initial step length d of maximum power point both sides is acted on 1and d 2, the two meets relational expression: d 1/ d 2=V m/ (V oc-V m), wherein V mfor standard conditions and intensity of illumination are 1000W/m 2, photovoltaic cell plate temperature is maximum power of photovoltaic cell point voltage at 25 DEG C, V ocfor photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage under standard conditions, during external environmental condition change, the Ratio invariableness of this step-length is constant, is a constant.
Further, when system works point is positioned on the left of maximum power point, the disturbance step-length of dutycycle D is adjusted as follows: calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)), if Δ M (k)=M (k)-M (k-1), if judge, Δ M (k)/Δ V (k) is greater than 0, then getting step-length is d 1; If Δ M (k)/Δ V (k) is less than 0, getting step-length is d 1* M (k)/P (k), wherein abs () is ABS function.
Further, when system works point is positioned on the right side of maximum power point, the disturbance step-length of dutycycle D is adjusted as follows: calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)), if judge M (k)>=P (k), then getting step-length is d 2; If M (k) <P (k), then getting step-length is d 2* M (k)/P (k).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following effect: the invention provides a kind of method simply determining initial step length relation, utilize the thought that related function is demarcated to photovoltaic P-V family curve, adopt two kinds of maximum power points determining variable step and two kinds of variable step tracking photovoltaic cells, improve speed and the lasting accuracy of MPPT maximum power point tracking, reduce system oscillation, the peak power output of photovoltaic cell can be followed the tracks of fast and stable, meet the requirement of system maximal power tracing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximal power tracing algorithm flow chart long based on multistep;
Fig. 2 is traditional fixed step size conductance increment method and modified variable step conductance increment method simulated effect figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.If have not specified process or symbol below, be all that those skilled in the art can refer to existing techniques in realizing.
As Fig. 1, a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method long based on multistep, comprises the steps:
The first step, the photovoltaic cell parameter according to photovoltaic cell manufacturer provides: photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage V under standard conditions oc, maximum power of photovoltaic cell point voltage V under standard conditions m, computing system is operated in the relation with initial step length during right side on the left of maximum power point, and the ratio of the two equals V m/ (V oc-V m); With reference to result of calculation determination initial step length d 1and d 2.
Second step, photovoltaic battery panel voltage and current is gathered by voltage sensor, voltage sensor, by the voltage and current that collects through superpotential, current regulating circuit, deliver in digital signal processor (DSP), the power P of current time is calculated, two moment power deviation Δ P (k), front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ V (k), front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ I (k) before and after calculating by V*I.Calculate the derivative of current time power vs. voltage.The wherein derivative of power vs. voltage, can adopt front and back two moment power deviation Δ P (k) to carry out the derivative of approximate solution power vs. voltage divided by front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ V (k).
3rd step, judges whether front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ V (k) absolute value is less than setting accuracy ε 1, the stability of setting accuracy ε 1 size decision systems maximal power tracing, setting accuracy ε 1selecting too senior general to increase system to fluctuate at maximum power point, is generally the smaller the better.
4th step, if be less than setting accuracy ε 1, judge whether front and back two moment current deviation Δ I (k) absolute value is less than setting accuracy ε 2if, satisfied equally, then do not change the value of dutycycle D.If do not met, judge whether Δ I is greater than zero, if be greater than zero, illustrative system is operated on the left of maximum power point, then to set step-length d 1forward disturbance is applied to dutycycle D; Otherwise illustrative system is operated on the right side of maximum power point, to set step-length d 2negative sense disturbance is applied to dutycycle D.
If voltage deviation Δ V absolute value is greater than setting accuracy ε 1, the value of computing function G (k)=Δ I (k)/Δ V (k)+I (k)/V (k).If G (k) equals 0, then do not change the value of dutycycle D.
If G (k) is >0, illustrative system work at present, on the left of maximum power point, calculates M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)); If judge Δm (k)/Δ V (k) is greater than 0, then getting step-length is d 1, forward disturbance is applied to dutycycle D; If Δm (k)/Δ V (k) is less than 0, and getting step-length is d 1* M (k)/P (k), applies forward disturbance to dutycycle D equally;
If G (k) is <0, illustrative system present operating point, on the right side of maximum power point, calculates M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)); If judge M (k)>=P (k), then getting step-length is d 2, negative sense disturbance is applied to dutycycle D; If M (k) <P (k), then getting step-length is d 2* M (k)/P (k), applies negative sense disturbance to dutycycle D equally;
5th step, compares gained dutyfactor value the pulse width modulating signal that output duty cycle is D with carrier signal, control the break-make of booster circuit breaker in middle pipe, reach the object of maximal power tracing.
As Fig. 2, for same photovoltaic battery panel, photovoltaic panel parameter is open-circuit voltage 44.2V, short-circuit current 5.2A, maximum power point voltage 35.7V, maximum power point electric current 4.95A, photovoltaic cell peak power output 177W, getting traditional fixed step algorithm step value is 0.001, gets variable step conductance increment method step value d 1=0.001, d 2=0.004.Simulation result confirms that the method is relative to traditional fixed step size (dotted line) and variable step conductance increment algorithm (solid line), can improve speed and the stability of MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Above the maximum power tracking method of a kind of photovoltaic generating system long based on multistep provided by the present invention is described in detail, apply specific case herein to set forth principle of the present invention and embodiment, the explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping; Meanwhile, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1.一种基于多步长的光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪控制方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：1. A method for maximum power tracking control of a photovoltaic power generation system based on multi-step, is characterized in that comprising the steps: (1)设定最大功率跟踪算法的初始扰动步长d1和d2，d1、d2分别作用于最大功率点左侧和右侧；(1) Set the initial disturbance step size d 1 and d 2 of the maximum power tracking algorithm, and d 1 and d 2 act on the left and right sides of the maximum power point respectively; (2)采样k时刻光伏电池输出端电压V(k)、电流I(k)；(2) Voltage V(k) and current I(k) at the output terminal of the photovoltaic cell at sampling time k; (3)求出k时刻的光伏电池输出功率P(k)，计算k时刻的光伏电池输出电压变化量ΔV(k)＝V(k)-V(k-1)、电流变化量ΔI(k)＝I(k)-I(k-1)和功率变化量ΔP(k)＝P(k)-P(k-1)；其中V(k-1)、I(k-1)、P(k-1)为k-1时刻的光伏电池输出电压、电流和功率；(3) Obtain the photovoltaic cell output power P(k) at time k, and calculate the photovoltaic cell output voltage change at k time ΔV(k)=V(k)-V(k-1), current change ΔI(k )=I(k)-I(k-1) and power variation ΔP(k)=P(k)-P(k-1); where V(k-1), I(k-1), P (k-1) is the photovoltaic cell output voltage, current and power at time k-1; (4)判断ΔV(k)是否为0；若为0，则判断ΔI(k)是否为0；若ΔI(k)＝0，不改变控制电路开关管触发脉冲的占空比D，返回继续采样；若ΔI(k)<0，说明系统当前工作在最大功率点处右侧，选取步长为d1，对占空比D施加负向扰动；若ΔI(k)>0，说明系统当前工作在最大功率点处左侧，取步长为d2，对占空比D施加正向扰动；(4) Judging whether ΔV(k) is 0; if it is 0, then judging whether ΔI(k) is 0; if ΔI(k)=0, do not change the duty ratio D of the trigger pulse of the switching tube of the control circuit, return to continue Sampling; if ΔI(k)<0, it means that the system is currently working on the right side of the maximum power point, and the step size is selected as d 1 , and a negative disturbance is applied to the duty cycle D; if ΔI(k)>0, it means that the system is currently Work on the left side of the maximum power point, take the step size as d 2 , and apply positive disturbance to the duty cycle D; 若判断ΔV(k)≠0，计算G(k)＝ΔI(k)/ΔV(k)+I(k)/V(k)；若G(k)＝0，不改变占空比D值，返回继续采样；其中G(k)为电导函数；若G(k)>0，说明系统当前工作点在最大功率点左侧，对占空比D施加正向扰动，扰动步长为d2；若G(k)<0，说明系统当前工作点在最大功率点右侧，对占空比D施加负向扰动，扰动步长为d1；If it is judged that ΔV(k)≠0, calculate G(k)=ΔI(k)/ΔV(k)+I(k)/V(k); if G(k)=0, do not change the duty cycle D value , return to continue sampling; where G(k) is the conductance function; if G(k)>0, it means that the current operating point of the system is on the left side of the maximum power point, and a positive disturbance is applied to the duty cycle D, and the disturbance step size is d 2 ; If G(k)<0, it means that the current operating point of the system is on the right side of the maximum power point, and a negative disturbance is applied to the duty cycle D, and the disturbance step size is d 1 ; (5)将所得占空比值与载波信号比较输出占空比为D的脉冲宽度调制信号，控制升压电路中开关管的通断，实现对最大功率的跟踪，重复步骤(2)～(4)直到k+1时刻系统工作在最大功率点。(5) Compare the obtained duty cycle value with the carrier signal to output a pulse width modulation signal with a duty cycle of D, to control the on-off of the switching tube in the boost circuit, to realize the tracking of the maximum power, and repeat steps (2) to (4 ) until the moment k+1, the system works at the maximum power point. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪方法，其特征在于：作用于最大功率点两侧的初始步长d1和d2，二者满足关系式：d1/d2＝Vm/(Voc-Vm)，其中Vm为标准条件即光照强度为1000W/m2,光伏电池板温度为25℃下光伏电池最大功率点电压，Voc为标准条件下光伏电池开路电压，外界环境条件变化时，该步长的比值恒定不变，为一常量。2. A maximum power tracking method for a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the initial step sizes d 1 and d 2 acting on both sides of the maximum power point satisfy the relationship: d 1 /d 2 ＝V m /(V oc -V m ), where V m is the standard condition, that is, the light intensity is 1000W/m 2 , the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is the maximum power point voltage of the photovoltaic cell at 25°C, and V oc is the photovoltaic cell under the standard condition When the open circuit voltage of the battery and the external environmental conditions change, the ratio of the step length remains constant and is a constant. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪方法，其特征在于当系统工作点位于最大功率点左侧时，占空比D的扰动步长按如下方式整定：计算M(k)＝V(k)*abs(ΔP(k)/ΔV(k))，设ΔM(k)＝M(k)-M(k-1)，判断若ΔM(k)/ΔV(k)大于0，则取步长为d1；若ΔM(k)/ΔV(k)小于0，取步长为d1*M(k)/P(k)，其中abs()为绝对值函数。3. A method for tracking maximum power of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein when the operating point of the system is on the left side of the maximum power point, the disturbance step length of the duty cycle D is set as follows: calculate M( k)=V(k)*abs(ΔP(k)/ΔV(k)), set ΔM(k)=M(k)-M(k-1), judge if ΔM(k)/ΔV(k) If it is greater than 0, the step size is d 1 ; if ΔM(k)/ΔV(k) is less than 0, the step size is d 1 *M(k)/P(k), where abs() is the absolute value function. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏发电系统最大功率跟踪方法，其特征在于当系统工作点位于最大功率点右侧时，占空比D的扰动步长按如下方式整定：计算M(k)＝V(k)*abs(ΔP(k)/ΔV(k))，判断若M(k)≥P(k)，则取步长为d2；若M(k)<P(k)，则取步长为d2*M(k)/P(k)。4. A method for tracking maximum power of a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein when the system operating point is on the right side of the maximum power point, the disturbance step length of the duty cycle D is set as follows: calculate M( k)=V(k)*abs(ΔP(k)/ΔV(k)), if M(k)≥P(k), the step size is d 2 ; if M(k)<P(k ), then the step size is d 2 *M(k)/P(k).
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