CN104298295B - A kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths, first the method sets initial disturbance step-length.Utilize function M=V*abs(dP/dV) photovoltaic cell P-V curve is demarcated, in maximum power point left field, when the value of function dM/dV is more than 0, take step-length d1；When the value of function dM/dV is less than 0, take step-length d1* M/P.In maximum power point right side area, when the value of function M is more than power P, take step-length d2；When the value of function M is less than power P, take step-length d2* M/P.The method simple practical that the present invention carries, utilizes the photovoltaic cell board parameter that producer provides to be assured that the proportionate relationship of initial fixed step size.The invention solves the problem that most of maximal power tracing controls can not take into account stable state accuracy and dynamic tracking speed simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar photovoltaic technology field, especially a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths.
Background technology
Solar energy resources rich reserves, it is easy to obtain, cleanliness without any pollution, be a kind of important regenerative resource, be widely used in recent years.Photovoltaic generation, as the one of solar electrical energy generation mode, progressively becomes the principal mode of Solar use.Compared with traditional generation mode, photovoltaic generation has the advantages such as simple in construction, reliability height, zero-emission, noiseless, little, the life-span length of volume.
The efficiency of photovoltaic generating system is one of most important index of photovoltaic system, photovoltaic system carries out high-power point is followed the tracks of the important channel of the efficiency being raising photovoltaic system, domestic and international many scholars propose a variety of MPPT maximum power point tracking technology, conventional have constant-voltage method, disturbance observational method, conductance increment method, wherein constant-voltage method can only use in the scope that temperature inversion is less, being a kind of approximate MPPT maximum power point tracking technology, tracking accuracy is not high.Disturbance observational method can trace into maximum power point, but it is relatively big by the impact of disturbance step-length, can quickly trace into maximum power point when disturbance step-length is bigger, but bigger in the vibration of maximum power point place；When disturbance step-length is less, although at maximum power point place, vibration is less, but tracking time is longer, and tracking velocity is not high.
Find by prior art documents, High-performancealgorithmsfordriftavoidanceandfasttracki nginsolarMPPTsystem (Pandey, A., N.DasgVptaandA.K.Mukerjee, High-performancealgorithmsfordriftavoidanceandfasttracki nginsolarMPPTsystem.IEEETransactionsonEnergyConversion, 2008.23 (2): p.681-689.) propose a kind of variable step disturbance observational method, systematic steady state performance and dynamic property can be taken into account preferably.But restricted application, and variable step coefficient determines cumbersome.AVariableStepSizeINCMPPTMethodforPVSystems (Fangrui, L., etal., AVariableStepSizeINCMPPTMethodforPVSystems.IEEETransacti onsonIndustrialElectronics, 2008.55 (7): p.2622-2628.) discuss a kind of variable step conductance increment method, give the stepsize formula of variable step, but the method tracking effect when external condition acute variation is not as, variable step working region is only small, system always works at fixed step size state, and steady state power loss is bigger；System is all operated in variable step state, and dynamic tracking speed is relatively slow, namely there is " dead band " problem.ANovelImprovedVariableStep-SizeIncremental-ResistanceMPP TMethodforPVSystems (Mei, Q., etal., ANovelImprovedVariableStep-SizeIncremental-ResistanceMPP TMethodforPVSystems.IEEETransactionsonIndustrialElectron ics, 2011.58 (6): p.2427-2434.) discuss a kind of novel variable step conductance increment method, propose a kind of step-length boundary method and step-length tuning formulae, but this step-length boundary method amount of calculation relatively big (needs carry out repeatedly derivative operation), step-length tuning formulae fails to make full use of boundary function, add operand equally, certain difficulty is brought to the realization of the method.
For above deficiency, the present invention considers photovoltaic system dynamic property and steady-state behaviour, the photovoltaic cell parameter provided according to photovoltaic cell manufacturer is determined on the left of maximum power point, the proportionate relationship of right side initial step length, and utilize the absolute value of voltage and power vs. voltage differential product that photovoltaic property curve is demarcated, adopt different step-lengths in different border region.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell method based on many step-lengths is provided, the loss of photovoltaic system steady state power can be reduced simultaneously and improve dynamic tracking speed, optimizing the design procedure of photovoltaic generating system maximal power tracing algorithm.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths, it comprises the steps:
(1) the initial disturbance step-length d of maximal power tracing algorithm is set1And d2, d1、d2It is respectively acting on the left of maximum power point and right side；
(2) sampling k moment photovoltaic cell output end voltage V (k), electric current I (k)；
(3) obtain the output power from photovoltaic cells P (k) in k moment, calculate photovoltaic cell output voltage variation delta V (k)=V (the k)-V (k-1) in k moment, current change quantity Δ I (k)=I (k)-I (k-1) and power variation Δ P (k)=P (k)-P (k-1)；Photovoltaic cell output voltage, electric current and the power that wherein V (k-1), I (k-1), P (k-1) are the k-1 moment；
(4) judge whether Δ V (k) is 0；If 0, then judge whether Δ I (k) is 0；If Δ I (k)=0, do not change control circuit switching tube and trigger the dutycycle D of pulse, return and continue sampling；If < 0, explanation system is currently operating on the right side of maximum power point place Δ I (k), and choosing step-length is d1, dutycycle D is applied negative sense disturbance；If Δ I (k) > 0, explanation system is currently operating on the left of maximum power point place, and taking step-length is d2, dutycycle D is applied forward disturbance；
If judging Δ V (k) ≠ 0, calculate G (k)=Δ I (k)/Δ V (k)+I (k)/V (k)；If G (k)=0, do not change dutycycle D value, return and continue sampling；Wherein G (k) is conductance function；If G (k) > 0, illustrating that system present operating point is on the left of maximum power point, dutycycle D is applied forward disturbance, disturbance step-length is d2；If G (k) < 0, illustrating that system present operating point is on the right side of maximum power point, dutycycle D is applied negative sense disturbance, disturbance step-length is d1；
(5) gained dutyfactor value is compared the pulse width modulating signal that output duty cycle is D with carrier signal, control the break-make of booster circuit breaker in middle pipe, realizing the tracking to peak power, when repeating step (2)～(4) until k+1, etching system is operated in maximum power point.
Further, the initial step length d of maximum power point both sides is acted on1And d2, the two meets relational expression: d1/d2=Vm/(Voc-Vm), wherein VmIt is 1000W/m for standard conditions and intensity of illumination2, photovoltaic cell plate temperature is maximum power of photovoltaic cell point voltage, V at 25 DEG CocFor photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage under standard conditions, during external environmental condition change, the Ratio invariableness of this step-length is constant, is a constant.
Further, when system operating point is positioned on the left of maximum power point, the disturbance step-length of dutycycle D is adjusted as follows: calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)), if Δ M (k)=M (k)-M (k-1), if judging, Δ M (k)/Δ V (k) is more than 0, then taking step-length is d1；If Δ M (k)/Δ V (k) is less than 0, taking step-length is d1* M (k)/P (k), wherein abs () is ABS function.
Further, when system operating point is positioned on the right side of maximum power point, the disturbance step-length of dutycycle D is adjusted as follows: calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)), if judging M (k) >=P (k), then taking step-length is d2；If M (k) < P (k), then taking step-length is d2*M(k)/P(k)。
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the effect that the present invention provides a kind of method simply determining initial step length relation, utilize the thought that photovoltaic P-V characteristic curve is demarcated by correlation function, adopt two kinds of maximum power points determining variable step and two kinds of variable step tracking photovoltaic cells, improve speed and the lasting accuracy of MPPT maximum power point tracking, reduce system oscillation, the peak power output of photovoltaic cell can be followed the tracks of fast and stable, meet the requirement of system maximal power tracing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximal power tracing algorithm flow chart based on many step-lengths；
Fig. 2 is tradition fixed step size conductance increment method and modified model variable step conductance increment method simulated effect figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.If having not specified process or symbol below, it is all that those skilled in the art can refer to existing techniques in realizing.
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths, comprise the steps:
The first step, according to the photovoltaic cell parameter that photovoltaic cell manufacturer provides: photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage V under standard conditionsoc, maximum power of photovoltaic cell point voltage V under standard conditionsm, computing system is operated on the left of maximum power point and the relation of initial step length during right side, and the ratio of the two is equal to Vm/(Voc-Vm)；Initial step length d is determined with reference to result of calculation1And d2。
Second step, photovoltaic battery panel voltage and current is gathered by voltage sensor, voltage sensor, by the voltage and current that collects through overvoltage, current regulating circuit, deliver in digital signal processor (DSP), the power P of current time is calculated, two moment power deviation Δ P (k), front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ V (k), front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ I (k) before and after calculating by V*I.Calculate the derivative of current time power vs. voltage.The wherein derivative of power vs. voltage, it is possible to before and after adopting, two moment power deviation Δ P (k) carried out the derivative of approximate solution power vs. voltage divided by front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ V (k).
3rd step, it is judged that whether front and back two moment voltage deviation Δ V (k) absolute value is less than setting accuracy ε1, the stability of setting accuracy ε 1 size decision systems maximal power tracing, setting accuracy ε1Select too senior general to increase system to fluctuate at maximum power point, be usually the smaller the better.
4th step, if less than setting accuracy ε1, it is judged that whether front and back two moment current deviation Δ I (k) absolute value is less than setting accuracy ε2If, satisfied equally, then do not change the value of dutycycle D.If be unsatisfactory for, it is judged that whether Δ I is more than zero, if it is greater than zero, explanation system is operated on the left of maximum power point, then to set step-length d1Dutycycle D is applied forward disturbance；Otherwise, explanation system is operated on the right side of maximum power point, to set step-length d2Dutycycle D is applied negative sense disturbance.
If voltage deviation Δ V absolute value is more than setting accuracy ε1, calculate the value of function G (k)=Δ I (k)/Δ V (k)+I (k)/V (k).If G (k) is equal to 0, then do not change the value of dutycycle D.
If G (k) > 0, explanation system is currently operating on the left of maximum power point, calculates M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k))；If judgingΔM (k)/Δ V (k) is more than 0, then taking step-length is d1, dutycycle D is applied forward disturbance；IfΔM (k)/Δ V (k) is less than 0, and taking step-length is d1* M (k)/P (k), applies forward disturbance to dutycycle D equally；
If G (k) < 0, illustrate that system present operating point is on the right side of maximum power point, calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k))；If judging M (k) >=P (k), then taking step-length is d2, dutycycle D is applied negative sense disturbance；If M (k) < P (k), then taking step-length is d2* M (k)/P (k), applies negative sense disturbance to dutycycle D equally；
5th step, compares the pulse width modulating signal that output duty cycle is D by gained dutyfactor value with carrier signal, controls the break-make of booster circuit breaker in middle pipe, reaches the purpose of maximal power tracing.
Such as Fig. 2, for same photovoltaic battery panel, photovoltaic panel parameter is open-circuit voltage 44.2V, short circuit current 5.2A, maximum power point voltage 35.7V, maximum power point electric current 4.95A, photovoltaic cell peak power output 177W, taking tradition fixed step algorithm step value is 0.001, takes variable step conductance increment method step value d1=0.001, d2=0.004.Simulation result confirms that the method is relative to tradition fixed step size (dotted line) and variable step conductance increment algorithm (solid line), can improve speed and the stability of MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Above a kind of maximum power tracking method based on the photovoltaic generating system of many step-lengths provided by the present invention is described in detail, principles of the invention and embodiment are set forth by specific case used herein, and the explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand method and the core concept thereof of the present invention；Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this specification content should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) the initial disturbance step-length d of maximal power tracing algorithm is set1And d2, d1、d2It is respectively acting on the left of maximum power point and right side；
(2) sampling k moment photovoltaic cell output end voltage V (k), electric current I (k)；
(3) obtain the output power from photovoltaic cells P (k) in k moment, calculate photovoltaic cell output voltage variation delta V (k)=V (the k)-V (k-1) in k moment, current change quantity Δ I (k)=I (k)-I (k-1) and power variation Δ P (k)=P (k)-P (k-1)；Photovoltaic cell output voltage, electric current and the power that wherein V (k-1), I (k-1), P (k-1) are the k-1 moment；
(4) judge whether Δ V (k) is 0；If 0, then judge whether Δ I (k) is 0；If Δ I (k)=0, do not change control circuit switching tube and trigger the dutycycle D of pulse, return and continue sampling；If < 0, explanation system is currently operating on the right side of maximum power point place Δ I (k), and choosing step-length is d2, dutycycle D is applied negative sense disturbance；If Δ I (k) > 0, explanation system is currently operating on the left of maximum power point place, and taking step-length is d1, dutycycle D is applied forward disturbance；
If judging Δ V (k) ≠ 0, calculate G (k)=Δ I (k)/Δ V (k)+I (k)/V (k)；If G (k)=0, do not change dutycycle D value, return and continue sampling；Wherein G (k) is conductance function；If G (k) > 0, illustrating that system present operating point is on the left of maximum power point, dutycycle D is applied forward disturbance, disturbance step-length is d1；If G (k) < 0, illustrating that system present operating point is on the right side of maximum power point, dutycycle D is applied negative sense disturbance, disturbance step-length is d2；
When system operating point is positioned on the left of maximum power point, the disturbance step-length of dutycycle D is adjusted as follows: calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)), if Δ M (k)=M (k)-M (k-1), if judging, Δ M (k)/Δ V (k) is more than 0, then taking step-length is d1；If Δ M (k)/Δ V (k) is less than 0, taking step-length is d1* M (k)/P (k), wherein abs () is ABS function；
When system operating point is positioned on the right side of maximum power point, the disturbance step-length of dutycycle D is adjusted as follows: calculate M (k)=V (k) * abs (Δ P (k)/Δ V (k)), if judging M (k) >=P (k), then taking step-length is d2；If M (k) < P (k), then taking step-length is d2* M (k)/P (k)；
(5) gained dutyfactor value is compared the pulse width modulating signal that output duty cycle is D with carrier signal, control the break-make of booster circuit breaker in middle pipe, realizing the tracking to peak power, when repeating step (2)～(4) until k+1, etching system is operated in maximum power point.
2. a kind of photovoltaic generating system maximum power tracking and controlling method based on many step-lengths according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: act on the initial step length d of maximum power point both sides1And d2, the two meets relational expression: d1/d2=Vm/(Voc-Vm), wherein VmIt is 1000W/m for standard conditions and intensity of illumination2, photovoltaic cell plate temperature is maximum power of photovoltaic cell point voltage, V at 25 DEG CocFor photovoltaic cell open-circuit voltage under standard conditions, during external environmental condition change, the Ratio invariableness of this step-length is constant, is a constant.
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