CN104292600B - 一种腐植酸/eva树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜 - Google Patents
一种腐植酸/eva树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法及应用。它的工艺过程是将EVA树脂与增塑剂按1：0.02～0.2的比例混合后加热至熔融状态，按质量比EVA树脂：腐植酸：增溶剂：润滑剂=1：0.8～1.2：0.1～0.3：0.001～0.004依次将腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂加入到上述EVA树脂中，按质量比腐植酸：增塑剂=1：0.02～0.2的比例补加增塑剂到上述混合溶液中，120～150℃混炼10～30 min后造粒，得共混改性的粒料。将粒料在180～200℃挤出吹塑，得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。该地膜具有良好的力学性能和可降解性，成本低廉，适合大面积推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜，属于农业生产应用领域。
背景技术
为实现农业增产增收的目的，利用塑料地膜进行覆盖栽培技术已被广大农民采用。但普通农用塑料地膜主要是聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯类高分子化合物，这种材料具有优异的物理性能，但在自然条件下很难降解，使用后很难回收再利用，残留的“白色污染”问题很难解决，严重威胁着农业生产的安全和可持续发展，要减少农田地膜残留，保护农田生态环境，消除塑料地膜“白色污染”的最可行方法是开发和使用可降解地膜。
腐植酸（HA）是自然界中广泛存在的一种有机大分子化合物，是肥沃土壤中腐殖质的主要成分，在煤炭、沼泽、池塘、沟渠淤泥中大量存在。腐植酸分子结构中含有醇羟基、酚羟基、羟基醌、烯醇基、醌基、半醌基、甲氧基、胺基、羧基等多种官能团，腐植酸来源于动植物残骸，既有糖类和蛋白质类结构单元，也有大量的光敏性基团，具有可完全降解且降解后可转化为有机肥的特性。由于腐植酸具有良好的化学和生物活性，腐植酸地膜的研究和应用也引起了人们的极大关注。但由于腐植酸本身不具有热塑性，也无固定熔点，因而目前关于腐植酸地膜的研究和报道仅限于腐植酸液态地膜，并且由于技术和操作使用上的问题一直未获得大面积推广应用。
发明内容
针对腐植酸地膜的研究现状，本发明提出利用腐植酸（HA）与EVA树脂（乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物）进行共混改性，从而制得腐植酸/EVA树脂可降解固态地膜的新技术方案，使产品更能符合实际应用需要。
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：
（1）将EVA树脂与增塑剂按质量比EVA树脂：增塑剂=1：0.02～0.2的比例混合后加热至熔融状态，再依次加入腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂，腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂按质量比EVA树脂：腐植酸：增溶剂：润滑剂=1：0.8～1.2：0.1～0.3：0.001～0.004加入；然后按质量比腐植酸：增塑剂=1：0.02～0.2的比例补加增塑剂到上述混合溶液中，120～150℃混炼10～30 min后造粒，得共混改性的粒料。
（2）将上述粒料在180～200℃挤出吹塑，得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
使用的增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙二醇、丙三醇中的一种或几种；
使用的增溶剂为松香季戊四醇酯、松香甘油酯、失水苹果酸松香树脂中的一种或几种；
使用的润滑剂为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁中的一种或几种。
本发明具有以下优点：
（1）通过EVA树脂和HA共混改性制备出了可降解腐植酸固态地膜产品，与原有的腐植酸液态地膜相比，更符合传统地膜覆盖栽培技术需要，更容易为广大农户接受。
（2）腐植酸原料来源广泛，是腐烂了的动植物资源，与淀粉类可降解地膜相比，不存在与人争粮食的问题。
（3）未引入对环境有害的化学药品，一般在使用3-5 个月后可自行降解。
（4）原料来源方便，价格低廉，制备工艺简单，适合大范围推广应用。
具体实施方式
实施例
1
：
1）取EVA树脂 10 kg，加入柠檬酸三丁酯0.5 kg，加热至熔融状态后，加入腐植酸10 kg，松香季戊四醇酯1 kg，硬脂酸钙0.04 kg和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.3 kg，150 ℃混炼20 min后造粒，得共混改性的粒料。
2）将上述粒料在180～200℃挤出吹塑，得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
经测试，制得的腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜拉伸强度为3.16 MPa，断裂伸长率为331.1%，土埋法降解50%需80天左右。
实施例
2
：
1）取EVA树脂 10 kg，加入邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5 kg，加热至熔融状态后，加入腐植酸10 kg，松香季戊四醇酯1.0 kg，硬脂酸钙0.04 kg和甘油0.5 kg，150 ℃混炼20 min后造粒，得共混改性的粒料。
2）将上述粒料在180～200℃挤出吹塑，得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
经测试，制得的腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜拉伸强度为2.78 MPa，断裂伸长率为287.5%，土埋法降解50%需70天左右。
实施例
3
：
1）取EVA树脂 10 kg，加入乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯0.5 kg，加热至熔融状态后，加入腐植酸12 kg，松香甘油酯1.2 kg，硬脂酸钙0.04 kg和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯0.5 kg，150 ℃混炼20 min后造粒，得共混改性的粒料。
2）将上述粒料在180～200℃挤出吹塑，得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
经测试，制得的腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜拉伸强度为3.52 MPa，断裂伸长率为311.5%，土埋法降解50%需90天左右。
Claims (3)
1.一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
（1）将EVA树脂与增塑剂按质量比EVA树脂：增塑剂=1：0.02～0.2的比例混合后加热至熔融状态，再依次加入腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂，腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂按质量比EVA树脂：腐植酸：增溶剂：润滑剂=1：0.8～1.2：0.1～0.3：0.001～0.004加入；然后按质量比腐植酸：增塑剂=1：0.02～0.2的比例补加增塑剂到上述混合溶液中，120～150℃混炼10～30 min后造粒，得共混改性的粒料；
（2）将上述粒料在180～200℃挤出吹塑，得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜；
其中步骤（1）使用的增溶剂为松香季戊四醇酯、松香甘油酯、失水苹果酸松香树脂中的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：使用的增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙二醇、丙三醇中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法，其特征在于：使用的润滑剂为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁中的一种或几种。
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| CN114316475A (zh) | 2015-11-27 | 2022-04-12 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 增塑剂组合物、树脂组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN108264681A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-07-10 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | 盐碱土壤栽培用可降解地膜 |
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