CN104292600A - 一种腐植酸/eva树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜 - Google Patents

一种腐植酸/eva树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜 Download PDF

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CN104292600A
CN104292600A CN201410487320.4A CN201410487320A CN104292600A CN 104292600 A CN104292600 A CN 104292600A CN 201410487320 A CN201410487320 A CN 201410487320A CN 104292600 A CN104292600 A CN 104292600A
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eva resin
humic acids
blending
humic acid
eva
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罗志刚
隋岩
胡荣华
温集武
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Jiangxi Shuangjia Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法及应用。它的工艺过程是将EVA树脂与增塑剂按1:0.02~0.2的比例混合后加热至熔融状态,按质量比EVA树脂:腐植酸:增溶剂:润滑剂=1:0.8~1.2:0.1~0.3:0.001~0.004依次将腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂加入到上述EVA树脂中,按质量比腐植酸:增塑剂=1:0.02~0.2的比例补加增塑剂到上述混合溶液中,120~150℃混炼10~30min后造粒,得共混改性的粒料。将粒料在180~200℃挤出吹塑,得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。该地膜具有良好的力学性能和可降解性,成本低廉,适合大面积推广应用。

Description

一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜,属于农业生产应用领域。
背景技术
为实现农业增产增收的目的,利用塑料地膜进行覆盖栽培技术已被广大农民采用。但普通农用塑料地膜主要是聚乙烯或聚氯乙烯类高分子化合物,这种材料具有优异的物理性能,但在自然条件下很难降解,使用后很难回收再利用,残留的“白色污染”问题很难解决,严重威胁着农业生产的安全和可持续发展,要减少农田地膜残留,保护农田生态环境,消除塑料地膜“白色污染”的最可行方法是开发和使用可降解地膜。
腐植酸(HA)是自然界中广泛存在的一种有机大分子化合物,是肥沃土壤中腐殖质的主要成分,在煤炭、沼泽、池塘、沟渠淤泥中大量存在。腐植酸分子结构中含有醇羟基、酚羟基、羟基醌、烯醇基、醌基、半醌基、甲氧基、胺基、羧基等多种官能团,腐植酸来源于动植物残骸,既有糖类和蛋白质类结构单元,也有大量的光敏性基团,具有可完全降解且降解后可转化为有机肥的特性。由于腐植酸具有良好的化学和生物活性,腐植酸地膜的研究和应用也引起了人们的极大关注。但由于腐植酸本身不具有热塑性,也无固定熔点,因而目前关于腐植酸地膜的研究和报道仅限于腐植酸液态地膜,并且由于技术和操作使用上的问题一直未获得大面积推广应用。
发明内容
针对腐植酸地膜的研究现状,本发明提出利用腐植酸(HA)与EVA树脂(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)进行共混改性,从而制得腐植酸/EVA树脂可降解固态地膜的新技术方案,使产品更能符合实际应用需要。
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
(1)将EVA树脂与增塑剂按质量比EVA树脂:增塑剂=1:0.02~0.2的比例混合后加热至熔融状态,再依次加入腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂,腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂按质量比EVA树脂:腐植酸:增溶剂:润滑剂=1:0.8~1.2:0.1~0.3:0.001~0.004加入;然后按质量比腐植酸:增塑剂=1:0.02~0.2的比例补加增塑剂到上述混合溶液中,120~150℃混炼10~30 min后造粒,得共混改性的粒料。
(2)将上述粒料在180~200℃挤出吹塑,得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
使用的增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙二醇、丙三醇中的一种或几种;
使用的增溶剂为松香季戊四醇酯、松香甘油酯、失水苹果酸松香树脂中的一种或几种;
使用的润滑剂为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁中的一种或几种。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)通过EVA树脂和HA共混改性制备出了可降解腐植酸固态地膜产品,与原有的腐植酸液态地膜相比,更符合传统地膜覆盖栽培技术需要,更容易为广大农户接受。
(2)腐植酸原料来源广泛,是腐烂了的动植物资源,与淀粉类可降解地膜相比,不存在与人争粮食的问题。
(3)未引入对环境有害的化学药品,一般在使用3-5 个月后可自行降解。
(4)原料来源方便,价格低廉,制备工艺简单,适合大范围推广应用。
具体实施方式
实施例 1:
1)取EVA树脂 10 kg,加入柠檬酸三丁酯0.5 kg,加热至熔融状态后,加入腐植酸10 kg,松香季戊四醇酯1 kg,硬脂酸钙0.04 kg和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.3 kg,150 ℃混炼20 min后造粒,得共混改性的粒料。
2)将上述粒料在180~200℃挤出吹塑,得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
经测试,制得的腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜拉伸强度为3.16 MPa,断裂伸长率为331.1%,土埋法降解50%需80天左右。
实施例 2:
1)取EVA树脂 10 kg,加入邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5 kg,加热至熔融状态后,加入腐植酸10 kg,松香季戊四醇酯1.0 kg,硬脂酸钙0.04 kg和甘油0.5 kg,150 ℃混炼20 min后造粒,得共混改性的粒料。
2)将上述粒料在180~200℃挤出吹塑,得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
经测试,制得的腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜拉伸强度为2.78 MPa,断裂伸长率为287.5%,土埋法降解50%需70天左右。
实施例 3:
1)取EVA树脂 10 kg,加入乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯0.5 kg,加热至熔融状态后,加入腐植酸12 kg,松香甘油酯1.2 kg,硬脂酸钙0.04 kg和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯0.5 kg,150 ℃混炼20 min后造粒,得共混改性的粒料。
2)将上述粒料在180~200℃挤出吹塑,得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
经测试,制得的腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜拉伸强度为3.52 MPa,断裂伸长率为311.5%,土埋法降解50%需90天左右。

Claims (4)

1. 一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将EVA树脂与增塑剂按质量比EVA树脂:增塑剂=1:0.02~0.2的比例混合后加热至熔融状态,再依次加入腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂,腐植酸、增溶剂和润滑剂按质量比EVA树脂:腐植酸:增溶剂:润滑剂=1:0.8~1.2:0.1~0.3:0.001~0.004加入;然后按质量比腐植酸:增塑剂=1:0.02~0.2的比例补加增塑剂到上述混合溶液中,120~150℃混炼10~30 min后造粒,得共混改性的粒料;
(2)将上述粒料在180~200℃挤出吹塑,得腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:使用的增塑剂为柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、乙二醇、丙三醇中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:使用的增溶剂为松香季戊四醇酯、松香甘油酯、失水苹果酸松香树脂中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种腐植酸/EVA树脂共混改性可降解固态地膜的制备方法,其特征在于:使用的润滑剂为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁中的一种或几种。
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CN108265565A (zh) * 2018-01-08 2018-07-10 云南云景林纸股份有限公司 一种废纸基地膜及其制备方法
CN108373563A (zh) * 2018-03-28 2018-08-07 方建波 一种可生物降解农膜的制备方法

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