CN104276735B - 一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于电镀污水处理领域，公开了一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺，该工艺包括沉淀除杂、络合以及微生物氧化等步骤，其中使用了络合剂以及复合菌剂，大大降低了重金属和工业COD的含量，处理工艺简单易行，适合大规模推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电镀污水处理领域，公开了一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺。
背景技术
由于电镀污水中的重金属离子不可生物降解性、生物富集性，作为重金属污染的重点行业，电镀已是当今世界最严重的污染工业之一，所产生的重金属污水的治理问题已成为环保领域关注的焦点。
目前处理电镀污水的方法主要有物理法、化学法、物理化学法、生物法等。其中物理法是指利用物理作用分离污水中主要呈悬浮状态的污染物质，如电镀污水中的除油、蒸发浓缩回用水等。但是在处理电镀污水的工艺中，物理方法只是作为其他处理方法中的一个环节，很少单独使用。化学方法主要包括化学氧化法、化学还原法、化学沉淀法、氢氧化物沉淀法、铬酸盐沉淀法、铁氧体沉淀法、化学中和法等。物理化学方法主要包括气浮法、离子交换法、萃取法、活性炭吸附法、电解法等，前三种方法存在着占地面积大、运转费用高、有二次污染问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺。本发明工艺技术采用了重金属络合剂和复合菌剂，大大降低了重金属和工业COD的含量，处理工艺简单易行，减少了占地面积，节省投资。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：
一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺，其包括如下步骤：
1）沉淀除杂：电镀污水通过格栅，去除大块固体物质，然后将污水排入到沉淀池，静置24-48小时，其中，沉淀池的底部填料为100cm厚度的河沙，河沙的粒径为1-2mm，可对金属碎屑和胶体絮状物等，进行初步吸附和沉淀；
2）络合：将污水排入到络合池中，按照1kg络合剂：1吨污水的比例添加络合剂，随后以200-300转/min的速度搅拌30-60min，然后静置6-8小时；其中，络合剂按照如下方法制备而成：按照1：1：4：5的质量比例取氧化铝、腐植酸钾、硫酸亚铁、聚硅酸铁，混合搅拌而成；
3）微生物氧化：经过络合池后的污水排入到微生物氧化池，首先调节污水的pH为7-8，然后按每立方米液体每次投加复合菌剂10克，每天投加1次，连续投加两天后，再静置五天，将液体通过板框过滤器过滤，最后排出；其中，复合菌剂按照如下方法制备而成：
所述脱氮硫杆菌为脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans) ATCC 25259（例如参考文献APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, May 2007, p. 3265–3271）；
所述铜绿假单孢菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）为铜绿假单孢菌ATCC 15442（参见文献Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 to didecyldimethylammonium bromide induces changes in membrane fatty acid composition and in resistance of cells，Journal of Applied Microbiology，2001）；
所述蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）为ATCC 10876（例如New J. Chem., 2007, 31, 748-755）。
将上述三种菌分别培养成浓度为1×108个/ml的菌液，按照1：2：2的体积比混合，然后与硅藻土按照1：2的质量比混合搅拌均匀，最后进行低温干燥，干燥温度为20-30℃，干燥后含水量为20％；即得复合菌剂。
本发明所述的菌种属于常规菌株，均可以从美国模式培养物集存库（ATCC）等商业途径购买得到。本发明的各菌种的扩大培养为本领域的常规培养方式，不是本发明创新点，此处不详述。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括：
本发明络合剂和复合菌剂成本低廉、易得，能够有效地去除重金属以及工业COD，并容易制备获得；本发明复合菌剂中的各菌种之间合理配伍，共生协调，互不拮抗，能有效地降低工业COD；本发明络合物通过原料复配，发挥协同作用，具有广谱性，能有效去除镍、铬、铜、锌等重金属；本发明处理工艺简单易行，减少了占地面积，节省投资，易于运行管理。
具体实施方式
以下将采用具体实施例的方式对本发明做进一步的阐述，但是其不应该理解为对本发明核心创新精神的限制。
实施例1
一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺，其包括如下步骤：
1）沉淀除杂：电镀污水通过格栅，去除大块固体物质，然后将污水排入到沉淀池，静置24小时，其中，沉淀池的底部填料为100cm厚度的河沙，河沙的粒径为1mm，可对金属碎屑和胶体絮状物等，进行初步吸附和沉淀；
2）络合：将污水排入到络合池中，按照1kg络合剂：1吨污水的比例添加络合剂，随后以200转/min的速度搅拌30min，然后静置6小时；其中，络合剂按照如下方法制备而成：按照1：1：4：5的质量比例取氧化铝、腐植酸钾、硫酸亚铁、聚硅酸铁（PSF，Si/Fe摩尔比为1），混合搅拌而成；
3）氧化：经过络合池后的污水排入到微生物氧化池，首先调节污水的pH为7，然后按每立方米液体每次投加复合菌剂10克，每天投加1次，连续投加两天后，再静置五天，将液体通过板框过滤器过滤，最后排出；其中，复合菌剂按照如下方法制备而成：
脱氮硫杆菌，铜绿假单孢菌以及蜡状芽孢杆菌三种菌分别培养成浓度为1×108个/ml的菌液，按照1：2：2的体积比混合，然后与硅藻土按照1：2的质量比混合搅拌均匀，最后进行低温干燥，干燥温度为20℃，干燥后含水量为20％；即得复合菌剂。
实施例2
一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺，其包括如下步骤：
1）沉淀除杂：电镀污水通过格栅，去除大块固体物质，然后将污水排入到沉淀池，静置48小时，其中，沉淀池的底部填料为100cm厚度的河沙，河沙的粒径为2mm，可对金属碎屑和胶体絮状物等，进行初步吸附和沉淀；
2）络合：将污水排入到络合池中，按照1kg络合剂：1吨污水的比例添加络合剂，随后以300转/min的速度搅拌60min，然后静置8小时；其中，络合剂按照如下方法制备而成：按照1：1：4：5的质量比例取氧化铝、腐植酸钾、硫酸亚铁、聚硅酸铁（PSF，Si/Fe摩尔比为0.5），混合搅拌而成；
3）微生物氧化：经过络合池后的污水排入到微生物氧化池，首先调节污水的pH为8，然后按每立方米液体每次投加复合菌剂10克，每天投加1次，连续投加两天后，再静置五天，将液体通过板框过滤器过滤，最后排出；其中，复合菌剂按照如下方法制备而成：
所述脱氮硫杆菌为脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans) ATCC 25259（例如参考文献APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, May 2007, p. 3265–3271）；
所述铜绿假单孢菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）为铜绿假单孢菌ATCC 15442（参见文献Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 to didecyldimethylammonium bromide induces changes in membrane fatty acid composition and in resistance of cells，Journal of Applied Microbiology，2001）；
所述蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）为ATCC 10876（例如New J. Chem., 2007, 31, 748-755）。
将上述三种菌分别培养成浓度为1×108个/ml的菌液，按照1：2：2的体积比混合，然后与硅藻土按照1：2的质量比混合搅拌均匀，最后进行低温干燥，干燥温度为30℃，干燥后含水量为20％；即得复合菌剂。
实施例3
本发明实施例1或者实施例2的工艺对电镀污水处理的各项指标检测，表内数据分别是处理前污水指标以及处理后的水指标，具体见表1：
| 组别 | COD mg/L | Ni2+ mg/L | Cr6+ mg/L | Cu2+ mg/L |
| 实施例1 | 1157/25 | 121/0.42 | 25/0.17 | 72/0.46 |
| 实施例2 | 1163/24 | 129/0.43 | 24/0.18 | 81/0.53 |
结论：本发明工艺可以有效地去除重金属以及工业COD，低于电镀污染物排放标准（GB 21900-2008）。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方式对本案作了详尽的说明，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所作的修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于净化电镀污水的环保工艺，其特征在于，所述工艺包括如下步骤：
步骤1）沉淀除杂：电镀污水通过格栅，去除大块固体物质，然后将污水排入到沉淀池，静置24-48小时；其中，沉淀池的底部填料为100cm厚度的河沙，河沙的粒径为1-2mm；
步骤2）络合：将污水排入到络合池中，按照1kg络合剂：1吨污水的比例添加络合剂，随后以200-300转/min的速度搅拌30-60min，然后静置6-8小时；其中，所述络合剂按照如下方法制备而成：按照1：1：4：5的质量比例取氧化铝、腐植酸钾、硫酸亚铁、聚硅酸铁，混合搅拌而成；
步骤3）微生物氧化：经过络合池后的污水排入到微生物氧化池，首先调节污水的pH为7-8，然后按每立方米液体每次投加复合菌剂10克，每天投加一次，连续投加两天后，再静置五天，将液体通过板框过滤器过滤，最后排出；
所述复合菌剂按照如下方法制备而成：将脱氮硫杆菌，铜绿假单孢菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌分别培养至浓度为1×108个/ml的菌液，按照1：2：2的体积比混合得到混合菌液，然后与硅藻土按照1：3的质量比混合搅拌均匀，最后进行低温干燥即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，所述脱氮硫杆菌为脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans) ATCC 25259；所述铜绿假单孢菌为铜绿假单孢菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）ATCC 15442；所述蜡状芽孢杆菌为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）ATCC 10876。
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| CN106477707A (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 杨祺 | 用电镀危废废酸处理电镀污水的方法 |
| CN108249628A (zh) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-07-06 | 杭州富阳鸿祥技术服务有限公司 | 一种去除电镀废水中有机磷酸盐的处理方法 |
| CN108004182A (zh) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-05-08 | 武汉市天辰生物科技有限公司 | 一株副干酪乳杆菌及其在水产养殖中的应用 |
| TWI675944B (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-11-01 | 明志科技大學 | 可提高電鍍件抗腐蝕能力的電鍍液及其製備方法 |
| CN109956618A (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-02 | 中运建设控股有限公司 | 含硫废水的资源化处理方法 |
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