CN104275164B - 一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料，其特征在于，包括以下组分且各组分的重量份数分别为：氧化石墨烯：3-5份；层状硅酸盐：2-3份；明胶：3-5份。本发明同时公开了其制备方法。本发明所述的方法制备得到的氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料机械性能好、组织结构规整、孔隙率高及生物相容性好，非常适用于吸附用行业。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用抑菌型氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，属于功能性材料科学领域。
背景技术
废水是生活或工业生产过程中排出的水，尤其是工业废水，其重金属含量均较高，如果直接排放到水中时，会严重干扰水体的生态系统，因此，从公共健康安全和环境保护的角度考虑，污水的处理势在必行。
污水处理方法包括物理法、膜过滤法、气浮法、化学法、电化学法、生物化学法等等。上述方法均无法单独实现对废水的处理，其中，而以物理法和化学法结合最为常见，而物理法中最常用的为吸附法。
在吸附法中，均需用到吸附剂，而石墨烯作为一种多孔材料，因其力学、量子力学和电学特性，在质量、导电性能、导热性、分散性和稳定性方面，都有很好的优势，其在水处理方面具有很大的潜力。
发明内容
本发明的技术目的在于提供一种制备方法简单，所得产物性能优越的废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明所提供的技术方案为：
一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料，其特征在于，包括以下组分且各组分的重量份数分别为：
氧化石墨烯：3-5份；
层状硅酸盐：2-3份；
明胶：3-5份。
一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料，优选包括以下组分且各组分的重量份数分别为：
氧化石墨烯：5份；
层状硅酸盐：3份；
明胶：4份。
进一步，上述的层状硅酸盐为蒙脱土、云母、滑石、高岭土中的任一种。
一种上述的废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备氧化石墨烯/层状硅酸盐/明胶共混溶胶：首先将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐按照重量份数比混合，然后利用超声将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐混合物配置成水溶液，在搅拌的状态下，向水溶液中加入明胶，再次搅拌，随后想混合液中加入酸溶液，并调节溶液的pH值为4.5～6.5，然后转入模具静置交联；
(2)制备废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料：将步骤(1)交联反应后的共混溶胶转变成凝胶后，再进行冷冻干燥，制得废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料。
更进一步，所述酸溶液的浓度为10-15wt％。且所述的酸溶液为盐酸或醋酸。
且所述氧化石墨烯由改进型Hummers法得到，该方法采用的氧化剂为过硫酸钾、五氧化二磷、硝酸钠、浓硫酸、磷酸和高锰酸钾中的一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明所述的用氧化石墨烯、层状硅酸盐和明胶作为多孔复合材料的组分，其依据在于：本发明所述的氧化石墨烯具有丰富的含氧官能团能够与层状硅酸盐、明胶活性基团形成牢固的共价键、静电引力或氢键结合，保证了多孔复合材料的力学性能；而层状硅酸盐成为复合材料的骨架结构。明胶分散于复合材料中，其有利于氧化石墨烯层状结构的剥离和均匀分散，实现了无机材料和有机材料的结合，具有良好的机械强度，优异的吸附性，非常适用于染料废水的吸附。
具体实施方式
为了阐明本发明的技术方案及技术目的，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的介绍。
在以下实施例中，所述氧化石墨烯由改进型Hummers法得到，该方法采用的氧化剂为过硫酸钾，当然其也可以为五氧化二磷、硝酸钠、浓硫酸、磷酸和高锰酸钾中的一种或多种。
实施例1：
首先将3份氧化石墨烯和3份蒙脱土、云母、滑石、高岭土按照重量份数比混合，然后利用超声将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐混合物配置成水溶液，在搅拌的状态下，向水溶液中加入5份明胶，再次搅拌，随后想混合液中加入浓度为10wt％的盐酸或醋酸，并调节溶液的pH值为4.5，然后转入模具静置交联；最后将交联反应后的共混溶胶转变成凝胶后进行冷冻干燥，制得废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料。
实施例2：
首先将5份氧化石墨烯和2份蒙脱土、云母、滑石、高岭土按照重量份数比混合，然后利用超声将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐混合物配置成水溶液，在搅拌的状态下，向水溶液中加入3份明胶，再次搅拌，随后想混合液中加入浓度为115wt％的盐酸或醋酸，并调节溶液的pH值为6.5，然后转入模具静置交联；最后将交联反应后的共混溶胶转变成凝胶后进行冷冻干燥，制得废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料。
实施例3：
首先将4份氧化石墨烯和3份蒙脱土、云母、滑石、高岭土按照重量份数比混合，然后利用超声将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐混合物配置成水溶液，在搅拌的状态下，向水溶液中加入4份明胶，再次搅拌，随后想混合液中加入浓度为12wt％的盐酸或醋酸，并调节溶液的pH值为5，然后转入模具静置交联；最后将交联反应后的共混溶胶转变成凝胶后进行冷冻干燥，制得废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料。
以上述实施例1制得的废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料为例，进行废水处理吸附试验，其中，废水中Pb2+和Cu2+溶液的初始浓度均为300mg/L，pH＝5.5，吸附温度为30℃。Pb2+饱和吸附时间约需5h，而Cu2+仅需3h达到吸附饱和值；Pb2+饱和吸附量为129.8mg/g，Cu2+饱和吸附量为76.5mg/g，Pb2+饱和吸附量远远大于Cu2+，该氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料对重金属离子具备优异的吸附能力。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，所述的废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料包括以下组分且各组分的重量份数分别为：
氧化石墨烯：3-5份；
层状硅酸盐：2-3份；
明胶：3-5份，
其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备氧化石墨烯/层状硅酸盐/明胶共混溶胶：首先将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐按照重量份数比混合，然后利用超声将氧化石墨烯和层状硅酸盐混合物配置成水溶液，在搅拌的状态下，向水溶液中加入明胶，再次搅拌，随后向混合液中加入酸溶液，并调节溶液的pH值为4.5～6.5，然后转入模具静置交联；
(2)制备废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料：将步骤(1)交联反应后的共混溶胶转变成凝胶后，再进行冷冻干燥，制得废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述酸溶液的浓度为10-15wt％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的酸溶液为盐酸溶液或醋酸溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述氧化石墨烯由改进型Hummers法得到，该方法采用的氧化剂为过硫酸钾、五氧化二磷、硝酸钠、浓硫酸、磷酸和高锰酸钾中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种废水处理用氧化石墨烯多孔复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的层状硅酸盐为蒙脱土、云母、滑石、高岭土中的任一种。
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| CN104773802B (zh) * | 2015-03-23 | 2017-08-25 | 青岛大学 | 一种高吸附性能的复合絮凝剂气凝胶及其制备方法 |
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