CN104274585B - 一种治疗脱发藏药的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗脱发藏药的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗脱发藏药的制备方法,是由花苜蓿、褐毛橐吾、硼砂、葫芦、婆婆纳、青晶石、桃仁按一定重量配比采用混合粉碎法或水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法制成活性组分制备而成,可以制备成任何一种常用外用剂型。这种藏药具有活血化瘀、养血生发的功能。用于头皮油腻、脱屑、瘙痒,毛发稀疏、枯黄、分叉、细软,头发容易折断,脱发,秃发,须发早白等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗脱发藏药的制备方法,属于藏药领域。
背景技术
脱发是指头发异常脱落的现象,其原因很多,常见的有脂溢性(即雄性型)脱发;神经性脱发以及病理性脱发。脂溢性脱发(SeobrrheicAlopecia,SA)简称脂脱,又名男性型秃发、雄激素源性秃发,临床多表现为头发油腻、多屑、有明显瘙痒感、额颞区及顶部的渐进性脱发,继而形成高额。
此病是皮肤科的常见病、多发病,也是难治性疾病之一。在正常情况下,一个健康的成年人每天会脱发50~75根。如果每天脱发100根以上,并持续30天以上,即可被确诊患有脱发。
世界卫生组织发表报告:脱发和白发正在成为一个全球性的问题。据国家权威卫生机构调查:国内脱发、秃发、枯黄、分叉、细软、白发的人数超过1.5亿人;我国25~35岁男子患男性型脱发的比例高达40%,84.8%被确诊为脂溢性脱发。由于大气污染、社会压力加大以及饮食结构不平衡等导致脱发、白发的人越来越多,并且脱发的人群正在趋向年轻化。
毛发的生长和再生有赖于对毛囊的足够营养供血。微循环灌注障碍导致微循环中血液灌注的流速及流量下降,影响头皮毛囊的正常营养及供氧减少,从而导致脱发的产生。治疗药物通过升高皮肤温度,能扩张皮肤血管、改善皮肤微循环,增加毛乳头血液供应、改善毛囊营养、促进组织新生,进而促进毛发生长。
目前治疗脱发的药物虽然很多,但疗效仍不能令人满意。因此,人们对疗效更好的治疗脱发的藏药存在强烈需求。
至今为止,还没有发现任何有关本发明藏药组合物及其制备方法的报道。本发明人经过反复研究,并通过动物和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了安全的、有更好疗效的治疗脱发的藏药口服服药物及其制备方法,从而完成了本发明。
发明内容
本发明目的就是提供一种更为有效治疗脱发藏药的制备方法。
本发明藏药是由活性组分制成或者是由活性组分和药学上可接受的辅料制成,其中所述的活性组分是由下列原料药制成:花苜蓿、褐毛橐吾、硼砂、葫芦、婆婆纳、青晶石、桃仁。
它选择了花苜蓿、褐毛橐吾、硼砂、葫芦、婆婆纳、青晶石、桃仁进行组合作为原料药,其中(1)花苜蓿为豆科植物花苜蓿TrigonellaruthenicaL.的干燥全草。具有清热解毒,益肾愈疮的功效。用于疮疹,肺热咳嗽。(2)褐毛橐吾为菊科植物褐毛橐吾Ligulariaachyrotricha(Diels)Ling或大黄橐吾L.du-ciformis(C.windl.)Hand.-Mazz.的干燥全草。具有清热解毒的功效。用于龙热病,脾热病,白喉,疫疠,疮疖,皮肤病。(3)硼砂为硼酸盐类硼砂族矿物天然硼砂经精制而成的结晶。具有清热解毒,消炎防腐,活血化瘀的功效。用于咽喉肿痛,动脉硬化,月经闭阻,各种疮疡,瘀血不化。外用冲洗溃疡、脓肿。(4)葫芦为葫芦科植物葫芦Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)Standl.的干燥种子。具有止泻,引吐的功效。用于热痢,肺病,皮疹。(5)婆婆纳为玄参科植物长果婆婆纳VeronicaciliataFisch.的干燥全草。具有清热,愈疮,生肌,止血的功效。用于疮疖,创伤,炎症。(6)青晶石为硅酸盐类矿物青晶石Lazurite。具有清热解毒,干黄水的功效。用于麻风病,皮肤病,白发症。(7)桃仁为蔷薇科植物桃Prunuspersica(L.)Batsch及光核桃PrunusmiraKoehne的种仁。具有生发,乌发,干黄水的功效。用于黄水病,头发、眉毛等脱落症。将这些原料药组合使用使得各原料药功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗脱发。
本发明藏药活性组分的用量也是经过发明人进行大量摸索总结得出的,各原料药用量为在下述具体重量配比范围内都具有较好疗效:
花苜蓿17.5~52.5g、褐毛橐吾20~60g、硼砂5~15g、葫芦7.5~22.5g、婆婆纳12.5~37.5g、青晶石5~15g、桃仁10~30g。
优选为:花苜蓿28~32g、褐毛橐吾32~48g、硼砂8~12g、葫芦12~18g、婆婆纳20~30g、青晶石8~12g、桃仁16~24g。
进一步优选为:花苜蓿35g、褐毛橐吾40g、硼砂10g、葫芦15g、婆婆纳25g、青晶石10g、桃仁20g。
本发明藏药活性组分的制备可以是将上述用量的原料药直接干燥粉碎制成;也可以将上述用量的原料药采用中药制剂的常规方法如水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法(参见曹春林主编的《中药制剂学》第73~74页,上海科技出版社1986年11月出版)制得。
本发明藏药的活性组分可以加入制备不同剂型时所需的各种常规辅料,如适宜的基质、适宜的溶剂、适宜的抛射剂等以常规的中药制剂方法(参见曹春林主编的《中药制剂学》,上海科技出版社1986年11月出版)制备成任何一种常用剂型,如酊剂、流浸膏剂、浸膏剂、软膏剂、搽剂、洗剂、气雾剂、喷雾剂等。
本发明藏药具有活血化瘀、养血生发的功能。用于头皮油腻、脱屑、瘙痒,毛发稀疏、枯黄、分叉、细软,头发容易折断,脱发,秃发,须发早白等。
本发明藏药的用法用量为:外用;涂擦患处,按摩3~5分钟至患处发热,一日2~3次。
【具体实施方式】
以下通过实施例来进一步阐述本发明藏药的制备方法。
【实施例1】本发明藏药酊剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿35g、褐毛橐吾40g、硼砂10g、葫芦15g、婆婆纳25g、青晶石10g、桃仁20g,粉碎成粗粉,用75%乙醇做溶剂,密盖,时加搅拌,浸渍七日,取上清液,滤过,压榨药渣,榨出液与滤液合并,搅匀,静置24小时,滤过,分装,即得酊剂。
【实施例2】本发明藏药流浸膏剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿17.5g、褐毛橐吾20g、硼砂5g、葫芦7.5g、婆婆纳12.5g、青晶石5g、桃仁10g,粉碎成粗粉,用70%乙醇做溶剂,浸渍48小时后缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.10(25℃),静置24小时,取上清液,分装,即得流浸膏剂。
【实施例3】本发明藏药浸膏剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿52.5g、褐毛橐吾60g、硼砂15g、葫芦22.5g、婆婆纳37.5g、青晶石15g、桃仁30g,粉碎成粗粉,用70%乙醇做溶剂,浸渍48小时后缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩至相对密度1.25~1.30(25℃)的稠膏,分装,即得浸膏剂。
【实施例4】本发明藏药软膏剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿28g、褐毛橐吾32g、硼砂8g、葫芦12g、婆婆纳20g、青晶石8g、桃仁16g,混合后共同粉碎成极细粉,混匀,加入软膏基质,搅匀至半固体装,分装,即得软膏剂。
【实施例5】本发明藏药搽剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿32g、褐毛橐吾48g、硼砂12g、葫芦18g、婆婆纳30g、青晶石12g、桃仁24g,粉碎成粗粉,用75%乙醇做溶剂,密盖,时加搅拌,浸渍七日,取上清液,滤过,压榨药渣,榨出液与滤液合并,搅匀,静置24小时,滤过,分装,即得搽剂。
【实施例6】本发明藏药洗剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿24.5g、褐毛橐吾28g、硼砂7g、葫芦10.5g、婆婆纳17.5g、青晶石7g、桃仁14g,粉碎成粗粉,用适量水煎煮提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并3次滤液,浓缩至相对密度1.10~1.15(25℃),分装,即得洗剂。
【实施例7】本发明藏药气雾剂的制备:
称取花苜蓿45.5g、褐毛橐吾52g、硼砂13g、葫芦19.5g、婆婆纳22.5g、青晶石13g、桃仁26g,粉碎成粗粉,用适量水煎煮提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并3次滤液,浓缩至相对密度1.10~1.15(25℃),加适宜的抛射剂,混匀,封装于适宜的容器中,即得气雾剂。
【实施例8】本发明藏药的喷雾剂制备:
称取花苜蓿49g、褐毛橐吾56g、硼砂14g、葫芦21g、婆婆纳35g、青晶石14g、桃仁28g,粉碎成粗粉,用适量水煎煮提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并3次滤液,浓缩至相对密度1.05~1.15(25℃),封装于适宜的容器中,即得喷雾剂。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明藏药的有益效果,这些试验例包括了本发明藏药实施例1酊剂的药效学试验和临床疗效观察试验。
【试验例1】本发明藏药实施例1酊剂对小鼠皮肤温度及耳廓微循环影响的药效学试验:
试验材料:选本发明藏药实施例1酊剂;101育发剂(北京章光101科技股份有限公司,生产批号:20101001);95%乙醇(天津富宇精细化工有限公司,生产批号:100312);戊巴比妥(佛山市化工实验厂,生产批号:20100406);氯化钠注射液(山东鲁抗辰欣药业有限公司,生产批号:1004234202);苦味酸(广州化学试剂厂,生产批号:20090411);硫化钠(广州市番禺力强化工厂,生产批号:20100706);NIH小鼠由青海省实验动物中心提供。
实验方法及结果:1、取小鼠50只,雌雄各半。背部毛剪短,将脱毛剂(6%Na2S)涂于小鼠背部,脱毛面积为3cm×4cm,3min后用温水洗净(以小鼠背部光滑,无伤无残毛为净)。次日将小鼠随机分为5组,各10只,分别为空白对照组(75%乙醇组),阳性对照组(101育发剂组),本发明藏药实施例1酊剂低、中、高剂量组,于各组小鼠脱毛区涂抹相应药物,给药剂量见表1。涂抹1次,用红外测温仪测量各组小鼠不同时间点(15、30、60、120min)给药前、后的皮肤温度。实验室温度为19~21℃,结果见表1、表2、表3、表4。
表1给药15min后不同组小鼠皮肤温度变化(x±s,n=10)
组别动物数给药量(ml/只)温度差值
空白对照组100.2-2.97±3.41
阳性对照组100.2-0.53±2.76
低剂量组100.11.28±2.11**
中剂量组100.2-0.43±4.14
高剂量组100.4-1.38±3.22
说明:同空白对照组比较:**P<0.01。
表1结果显示,给药15min后,由于药液中均含有一定量的乙醇,乙醇挥发带走皮肤的热量,因此各组动物皮肤温度均有一定程度的降低。与空白组对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂低剂量组给药量少,因此小鼠皮肤温度降低不明显,而表现出温度显著升高的情况(P<0.01);阳性对照组,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中剂量组小鼠皮肤温度均有所降低,但降低幅度均小于空白对照组,提示药物一定程度上可以对抗酒精挥发引起的皮肤温度降低,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与阳性对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
表2给药30min后不同组小鼠皮肤温度变化(x±s,n=10)
组别动物数给药量(ml/只)温度差值
空白对照组100.2-2.27±3.12
阳性对照组100.20.49±4.43
低剂量组100.11.41±1.53*
中剂量组100.2-1.14±3.23
高剂量组100.40.43±3.63
说明:同空白对照组比较:*P<0.05。
表2结果显示,给药30min后,空白对照组的皮肤温度仍然低于给药前水平,与空白对照组比较,阳性对照组与本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高剂量组小鼠皮肤温度恢复到给药前水平,但仍然与空白对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);本发明藏药实施例1酊剂中剂量组小鼠皮肤温度略有降低,降低幅度比空白对照组小,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);本发明藏药实施例1酊剂低剂量组小鼠皮肤温度显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),与给药剂量偏小和药物对抗因素相关;与阳性对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
表3给药60min后不同组小鼠皮肤温度变化(x±s,n=10)
组别动物数给药量(ml/只)温度差值
空白对照组100.2-3.07±3.15
阳性对照组100.2-0.90±4.36
低剂量组100.10.84±2.38*
中剂量组100.2-0.21±2.14
高剂量组100.40.54±3.21*
说明:同空白对照组比较:*P<0.05。
表3结果显示,给药60min后,空白对照组的皮肤温度仍然低于给药前水平,与空白对照组比较,阳性对照组与本发明藏药实施例1酊剂中剂量组小鼠皮肤温度略低于给药前,但降低幅度小于空白对照组,两者无显著性差异(P>0.05);本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、低剂量组小鼠皮肤温度显著升高到高于给药前水平(P<0.05);与阳性对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
表4给药120min后不同组小鼠皮肤温度变化(x±s,n=10)
组别动物数给药量(ml/只)温度差值
空白对照组100.2-2.08±1.61
阳性对照组100.21.23±3.61**
低剂量组100.11.04±0.75**
中剂量组100.20.76±2.36**
高剂量组100.43.78±2.61**#
说明:同空白对照组比较:**P<0.01;用阳性对照组比较:#P<0.05。
表4结果显示,给药120min后,空白对照组的皮肤温度仍然低于给药前水平,阳性对照组可显著升高小鼠皮肤温度(P<0.01),提示造模成功;而本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组小鼠皮肤温度显著升高(P<0.01)。与阳性对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高剂量组皮肤温度显著升高,有显著性差异(P<0.05),提示本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高剂量组可显著改善局部皮肤的微循环,提高皮肤温度,且药效显著强于阳性对照组。
2、本发明藏药实施例1酊剂对小鼠耳廓微循环影响:
取小鼠50只,雌雄各半。随机分为空白对照组(75%乙醇),阳性对照组,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂低、中、高剂量组。将小鼠麻醉后用激光多普勒微循环仪测定小鼠耳廓微循环血流量(PU),于各组小鼠耳廓上涂抹相应药物,给药量见表5。20min后再次测量观察各组小鼠的血流量(PU),将各组的PU差值进行比较,结果见表5。
表5本发明藏药实施例1酊剂对小鼠耳廓微循环的影响(x±s,n=10)
组别动物数给药量(μl/只)PU差值
空白对照组1080-1.31±4.46
阳性对照组108025.93±10.76**
低剂量组104028.65±15.15**
中剂量组108028.84±7.35**
高剂量组1016022.94±9.76**
说明:同空白对照组比较:**P<0.01。
表5结果显示,给药前和给药后比较,空白对照组小鼠耳廓微循环PU值基本无改变;与空白对照组比较,阳性对照组可显著提高毛细血管PU值,改善小鼠耳廓微循环,加快血流速度(P<0.01),提示造模成功。与空白对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组均可显著改善小鼠耳廓微循环(P<0.01),提示本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组均可显著增加小鼠耳廓微循环,扩张毛细血管,加快血流速度;与阳性对照组比较,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂中、低剂量组PU值增加水平高于阳性对照组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),提示本发明藏药实施例1酊剂改善微循环水平略优于阳性对照组,但无显著性差异;本发明藏药实施例1酊剂高、中、低剂量组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),提示本发明藏药实施例1酊剂对小鼠耳廓微循环的药效不存在明显剂量依赖性。
雄激素性脱发与血液流变学变化存在相关性,血液黏度增高、血瘀证可能是本病的发病机制之一。研究发现,雄激素性脱发患者全血黏度(以高切为主)、红细胞压积、全血高切相对指数明显高于正常对照组。“发为血之余”,脱发病与“血”的关系密切。血液黏度愈高,血液流动性愈小,反之愈大。血黏度增加会导致血液循环及微循环障碍,引起组织灌血不足、缺血缺氧、代谢功能失调等一系列后果。从现代医学角度来说,微循环障碍使毛囊周围血管收缩,刺激血管壁平滑肌细胞增殖,最终使局部缺血缺氧,导致毛囊进行性缩小。本实验研究发现,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂具有升高小鼠皮肤温度,扩张血管,改善微循环的作用。提示本发明藏药实施例1酊剂能扩张皮肤血管、改善皮肤微循环、增加毛乳头血液供应、改善毛囊营养,从而促进毛发生长。
【试验例2】本发明藏药实施例1酊剂治疗脱发临床疗效观察:
1、一般资料:100例患者均来自皮肤科门诊,借助SAS统计分析系统将患者随机分为两组,治疗组50例,男43例,女7例,年龄20~49岁,病程3个月~2年,平均8.5个月;对照组50例,男41例,女9例,年龄18~47岁,病程3个月~2年,平均9.3个月。两组在年龄、病程统计学上差异无显著性(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2、诊断及排除标准:
(1)诊断标准:①油脂分泌旺盛,头发油腻,或头皮屑明显,头发干燥,伴有瘙痒;②额前发际线不断升高;③脱发连续在3个月以上,每天脱发数目在100根以上;④头发逐渐变细变软,呈稀疏状态。凡符合以上两条标准者,即可诊断为雄激素源性脱发。
(2)排除标准:①年龄在18岁以下;②其他内分泌性脱发(如甲状腺功能低下或亢进,甲状旁腺或垂体功能低下,性腺功能减退症,糖尿病等);③药物性脱发者、症状性脱发者、女性产后脱发;④不符合纳入标准或资料不全影响统计学分析者。
3、治疗方法:治疗组采用本发明藏药实施例1酊剂,涂擦患处,按摩3~5分钟至患处发热,一日2~3次;梅花针头部扣刺,3天/次,每次15min;60天为1个疗程。
对照组选用蔓迪,每日2次,每次1ml,外喷,并从患处中心开始涂抹,用手按摩3~5min;梅花针头部扣刺,3天/次,每次15min;60天为1个疗程。
两组均治疗3个疗程,6个月后判断疗效。每半个月记录1次皮损处毛发生长情况,观察有无全身不良反应(包括发热、头痛、乏力等)。
4、临床疗效评定标准:头发的治疗效果参照WEISS等提出的疗效标准。
(1)痊愈:新发全部长出,分布密度、毛发粗细、色泽同正常头发,轻拉试验阴性;
(2)显效:新发生长50%以上,有较多毳毛变为终毛,轻拉试验阴性;
(3)有效:新发生长10%以上(包括毳毛),但生长缓慢,轻拉试验阴性或阳性;
(4)无效:无新发生长或新发生长低于10%或生长的同时继续脱落。
(5)伴随症状评分标准,选择本病三个主要的伴随症状(头皮油腻、头皮瘙痒、头屑)进行观察。头皮油腻程度、头皮瘙痒程度和头屑数量程度的评分法借鉴疼痛治疗学中的视觉模拟评分法(VisualAnalogueScale,VAS):绘制一把标尺,将11个数字0~10作为刻度均匀标在尺上,由患者根据自身体验在标尺上标记相应的分数。0分=无,1~3分=轻度,4~7分=中度,8~10分=重度。
痊愈加显效合计为总有效率。
临床观察结果见表6、表7、表8。
表6两组不同方法治疗雄激素源性脱发疗效比较(例,%)
组别例数痊愈显效有效无效痊愈率总有效率
治疗组5019178638.072.0
对照组501511131130.052.0
表6结果显示,痊愈率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),总有效率比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),表明治疗组疗效优于对照组。两组研究均发现随雄激素源性脱发患者病程的延长,其治愈率和有效率逐渐下降。
表7两组不同方法治疗雄激素源性脱发起效时间比较(例)
组别例数小于60天60~120天大于120天
治疗组50121523
对照组505936
表7结果显示:两组起效时间有显著性差异(P<0.05),表明治疗组起效时间早于对照组。
表8两组不同方法治疗雄激素源性伴随症状评分比较
组别例数头皮油腻头皮脱屑头皮瘙痒
治疗组治疗前506.49±1.525.76±1.585.17±0.47
治疗后502.08±0.382.93±0.822.09±0.35
对照组治疗前506.62±1.315.43±1.674.79±0.18
治疗后503.68±0.243.49±0.473.47±1.57
表8结果显示:两组伴随症状在头皮油腻、头皮脱屑、头皮瘙痒比较差异有高度显著性(P<0.05)。
5、不良反应:治疗组未见副作用;对照组有5例在治疗过程中表现为头皮瘙痒灼热感,但不影响局部毛发生长,也未影响治疗,停止治疗后可逐渐恢复。
用本发明藏药实施例1酊剂局部涂药按摩,通过物理和化学方面的作用,能改善头皮微循环,增加血流量,促进头发新陈代谢,营养发根,从而达到止脱生发的作用。梅花针局部扣刺,可促使神经兴奋,引起血管扩张,使毛囊血管丛和毛乳头血管充血,血液供应充分,利于毛发生长,扣刺出血,能泻毒祛邪,活血通络,使局部皮肤的毛囊血管扩张,改善局部血液循环,帮助药物更好地吸收,充分发挥药性作用。诸法相伍,能疏通经络,养血安神,改善头发生长环境,加速毛发的生长。
本研究结果表明:治疗组的痊愈率为38.0%,显效率为34.0%,总有效率为72.0%,对照组的痊愈率为30.0%,显效率为22.0%,总有效率为52.0%。两组患者均未出现任何不良反应。因此,本发明藏药实施例1酊剂治疗脱发的临床疗效确切,安全性高。
本发明藏药实施例1酊剂的试验例证明了在治疗脱发方面具有很好的效果,也就说明了上述列举的实施例1—8具有同样的效果。说明本发明藏药在治疗脱发方面具有很好的效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗脱发藏药的制备方法,其特征在于包括下列步骤:该藏药是由活性组分制成或者是由活性组分和药学上可接受的辅料制成,其中所述的活性组分是由下列具体重量的原料药制成:花苜蓿17.5~52.5g、褐毛橐吾20~60g、硼砂5~15g、葫芦7.5~22.5g、婆婆纳12.5~37.5g、青晶石5~15g、桃仁10~30g;混合,采用粉碎法或水提醇沉法或醇提水沉法制成活性组分。
2.根据权利要求1所述藏药的制备方法,其中称取下列具体重量的原料药:花苜蓿28~32g、褐毛橐吾32~48g、硼砂8~12g、葫芦12~18g、婆婆纳20~30g、青晶石8~12g、桃仁16~24g。
3.根据权利要求2所述藏药的制备方法,其中称取下列具体重量的原料药:花苜蓿35g、褐毛橐吾40g、硼砂10g、葫芦15g、婆婆纳25g、青晶石10g、桃仁20g。
4.根据权利要求1—3任一项所述藏药的制备方法,它还包括下列步骤:将活性组分与药学上可接受的辅料制成酊剂、流浸膏剂、浸膏剂、软膏剂、搽剂、洗剂、气雾剂或喷雾剂。
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