CN104255360A - Method for cultivating single-cave rice seedlings for mechanical rice transplanting - Google Patents
Method for cultivating single-cave rice seedlings for mechanical rice transplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255360A CN104255360A CN201410600186.4A CN201410600186A CN104255360A CN 104255360 A CN104255360 A CN 104255360A CN 201410600186 A CN201410600186 A CN 201410600186A CN 104255360 A CN104255360 A CN 104255360A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating single-cave rice seedlings for mechanical rice transplanting. The age of the single-cave rice seedlings is 35-45 days, the leaf age is 4-7 leaves, and the seedling height is not greater than 250mm. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting high-quality seeds and preparing cave discs, wherein the mouth of each bowl on the cave discs is 14-18mm in length and 14-18mm in width, the bottom of each bowl is 11-15mm in length and 11-15mm in width, and the depth of each bowl is 22-28mm; (2) filling cultivation soil inside the bowls of the cave discs, wherein the cultivation soil inside each bowl accounts for 2/3 of the volume of each bowl; (3) planting seeds in the cave discs, and covering cultivation soil of 3-5mm in thickness into the cave disc bowls subjected to seeding, wherein the number of seeds in each bowl is 1-4; (4) placing the cave discs subjected to seeding on a seedbed, and performing seedling management in a dry nursery seedling management mode. By adopting the method, compact winding of rice seedling root systems is achieved in a single-cave low-density seedling manner, the height of rice seedlings is limited, the requirements of mechanical rice transplanting of bowl-shaped blanket-shaped rice seedlings are met, and the yield increase advantages can be brought into play.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops seedling-cultivating method, specifically a kind of for machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method.
Background technology
Along with socio-economic development, country labor force transfer is accelerated and rural laborer's ageing phenomenon is on the rise, and the traditional Rice Cropping mode based on transplanting rice seedling by hand has been not suitable with the demand that Chinese society economic development develops modern rice technology.In this context, machine rice transplantation technology is arisen at the historic moment.The key of machine rice transplantation technology is the continuity that the crawl of rice shoot and rice shoot are supplied in plant equipment, and at present, effect good machine transplanting of rice technology is bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling machine transplanting of rice technology.
So-called bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling, be the single cave rice seedling cultivating root system dish knot in each alms bowl body of cave dish, the rice shoot bottom cultivated is alms bowl shape, top is blanket finally to make cave coil.This bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling is shaping within common 25 ~ 30 day length of time rice seedlings grow, certainly will to improve the thickness of sowing in the upper single alms bowl body of cave dish, only when single cave high-density sowing, each seed send out rice shoot root system mutually could form the alms bowl shape in cave dish alms bowl body institute " setting " by dish knot, and their seedling leaf could form dense blanket.
But, when this high-density sowing, certainly will require to form challenge to the length of time rice seedlings grow.This is because: in high-density sowing situation, single cave rice shoot at the minimum length of time rice seedlings grow (namely 25 days) can exceed machine transplanting of rice rice shoot 150 ~ 250mm height of seedling of being suitable for, usually exceed 150mm, and the change that this height of seedling can be directly proportional along with the prolongation at the length of time rice seedlings grow; But the length of time rice seedlings grow required by rice transplanting operation is not less than 25 days.The too high rice shoot of this height of seedling when machine transplanting of rice operation, because it is elongated slim and frahile, and exist take out that heart seedling is many, damaged seedling rate and leakage insert the problems such as rate is high, period of seedling establishment is long, thus the advantage causing machine transplanting of rice technology to be increased production can not be effectively played.And, too high based on height of seedling equally, be no matter after nursery stage or rice transplanting, hidden heavy between rice shoot colony, cause the seedling leaf of rice shoot bottom to turn yellow, even dead, and then have a strong impact on the survival rate of rice shoot.In addition, the too high restriction of rice shoot to the length of time rice seedlings grow of this height of seedling requires high, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is unsuitable long, thus causes seedling age elasticity little, is unfavorable for the flexibility ensureing rice transplanting operation.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for the deficiency of above-mentioned bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling Cultivating techniques, provide a kind of can reliably cultivate for stalwartness bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling, rice shoot can be avoided too high again for machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method.
The present invention is for realizing its goal of the invention, and the technical scheme adopted is, a kind of for machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method, and the length of time rice seedlings grow of described single cave rice seedling is 35 ~ 45 days, leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm; Described breeding method comprises the following steps:
1). select high-grade rice seed and prepare cave dish; Described cave dish has some alms bowl bodies, and the alms bowl mouth length and width of each alms bowl body is respectively length and width at the bottom of 14 ~ 18mm, alms bowl, and to be respectively 11 ~ 15mm, alms bowl be 22 ~ 28mm deeply;
2). load in the dish alms bowl body of the cave of step 1) and cultivate soil, the cultivation soil in each alms bowl body is 2/3rds of alms bowl body bulk;
3). by the planting seed selected in step 2) cave dish in, in each alms bowl body of cave dish, seed number is 1 ~ 4; In the cave dish alms bowl body having sowed seed, cover the thick cultivation soil of 3 ~ 5mm, cover kind with this;
4). cave complete for sowing dish is put on seedbed, and carry out seedling management, described seedling management adopts water to educate drought pipe or dry rice seedling way to manage, guarantees within the length of time rice seedlings grow of 35 ~ 45 days, grows the rice seedling that leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm in the alms bowl body of cave dish.
The seed of high-grade rice described in step 1) is the rice paddy seed of full seed, flat grain≤5%, bud rate >=98%.
Described seed prior to seeding through soaking, drying, dressing and process of basking seeds.
The bottom of the dish of cave described in step 1) has the structure that rice transplanter ejects pot seedling.
It is that cave complete for sowing is coiled rule, is placed on seedbed closely that the dish of cave described in step 4) is put, and compresses, and the native face in the bottom that cave is coiled and seedbed forms close contact.
Described seedbed is the smooth water-raised seedling seedbed of bed surface or medium for dry breeding of seedling bed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. by the selection to cave dish alms bowl body structure, the setting of soil filling and the selection of seedling management is cultivated in alms bowl body, thus make the cultivation of the sowing of low-density in single cave realize rice shoot root system closely to coil knot in alms bowl body, and limit rice shoot height, make its be in machine transplanting of rice requirement within the scope of the height of seedling that is suitable for, and then meet bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling machine transplanting of rice technical requirement, to cultivate rice shoot healthy and strong, high and the seedling leaf appropriate density of quality, during rice transplanter rice transplanting, rate low (equal < 10%) is inserted to the damaged seedling rate of rice shoot and leakage, rice shoot after rice transplanting is turned green short, even without period of seedling establishment (even if 45 days of the maximum length of time rice seedlings grow, period of seedling establishment still < 3 days), survival rate is high, thus the advantage being conducive to the volume increase of effective guarantee machine transplanting of rice technology plays,
2. this breeding method cultivate rice shoot under the prerequisite meeting bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling machine transplanting of rice technical requirement, effectively limit the height of seedling of rice shoot, the height of seedling of rice shoot is made to be in machine transplanting of rice optimum range, this also just reduces the strict demand to the length of time rice seedlings grow, the length of time rice seedlings grow can be made to extend to 45 days, thus make the length of time rice seedlings grow have certain elastification, be conducive to the flexibility ensureing rice transplanting operation;
3. this breeding method cultivate rice shoot under the prerequisite meeting bowl blanket-shaped rice seedling machine transplanting of rice technical requirement, be conducive to saving seed, calculate with every mu of Honda 30 disc gage, every mu of Honda kind only needs 0.753kg(to sow 2 with every alms bowl body, thousand kernel weight is about 28g meter), compare single cave high-density sowing seedling of the prior art, 30 ~ 50% of its sowing quantity can be saved;
4. this breeding method makes the embedded depth of seed in the dish alms bowl body of cave maintain higher uniformity, seed moisture content uniform absorption in each alms bowl body, growth conditions is close, colony and individual growth better, thus emerge neat, quality consistent, for the high yield after rice transplanting, stable yields create good basis; Same based on this, be conducive to the rice transplanting operation of rice transplanter.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The present invention is the breeding method of the single cave rice seedling for rice transplanter rice transplanting.Wherein, the length of time rice seedlings grow of required single cave rice seedling is 35 ~ 45 days, leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm.The breeding method of this single cave rice seedling comprises the following steps:
1). select high-grade rice seed, specifically selecting requirement is: the rice paddy seed of full seed, flat grain≤5%, bud rate >=98%, namely selected seed quality must meet national standard.Prepare cave dish, cave dish is polyvinyl chloride plastics soft cave dish, and its overall profile size should meet rice transplanter instructions for use, and general requirements is 610 × 315mm, and cave dish has some alms bowl bodies simultaneously; Require that the alms bowl mouth length and width of the upper each alms bowl body of cave dish is respectively 15mm, if when alms bowl body is circular hole, aforementioned length and width size is its alms bowl mouth diameter; Require that at the bottom of the alms bowl of aforementioned alms bowl body, length and width is respectively 12mm(in like manner, if when alms bowl body is circular hole, this size is diameter at the bottom of alms bowl); Require that the alms bowl of aforementioned alms bowl body is 23mm deeply; The bottom of each alms bowl body of aforementioned cave dish structure should have the structure that rice transplanter ejects pot seedling, and common structure is can the Y-shaped hole (also can be certainly, the nibs of other structure) of free switch.
2). load in the dish alms bowl body of the cave of step 1) and cultivate soil, this cultivation soil is fine earth, or Nutrition Soil, also or the composite soil of fine earth and Nutrition Soil; Require that the cultivation soil be filled in each alms bowl body is 2/3rds of this alms bowl body bulk.
3). seed step 1) selected carries out soaking, dry, dressing and process of basking seeds, and specifically: the seed soaking of seed routine was cleaned seed after 4 hours, and drags for the impurity such as blighted grain, ghost, changes water and continues seed soaking after 26 hours, drain excessive moisture; Seed is dried until do not glue; Adopted by seed seed coating medicine to carry out Cotton seeds again, selected seed coating medicine be preferably can sterilization, desinsection moisture-absorption water-retention seed coating medicine (preferably " dry-raised nurse "), the seed coating medicine that seed adheres to evenly wraps up on seed, requires capsuled seed rate >=98%; Seed good for dressing is basked seeds 1 day prior to seeding, to improve the vigor of seed.By the planting seed through aforementioned PROCESS FOR TREATMENT in step 2) cave dish in, require that the seed number broadcast in each alms bowl body of cave dish is 1 ~ 4 (being generally 2 or 3), if sow son for hybrid rice time, the seed in each alms bowl body is 1 ~ 3 (being generally 2); In the cave dish alms bowl body having sowed seed, cover the thick cultivation soil of 3mm (this cultivation soil is fine earth, or Nutrition Soil, also or the composite soil of fine earth and Nutrition Soil), realize lid kind with this, remove the outer unnecessary soil of cave dish alms bowl body bulk.
4). select seedbed, specifically: seedbed is in easy film canopy, certainly, also can put cave dish seedbed on after build simple and easy film canopy; Seedbed is the smooth water-raised seedling seedbed of bed surface or medium for dry breeding of seedling bed, is covered with partition cloth.Step 3) being sowed complete cave dish puts on seedbed, the each cave be placed on seedbed is required to coil rule, put closely, be convenient to management like this, the cave dish be placed on seedbed is compressed, the native face in the bottom that cave is coiled and seedbed forms close contact, seedbed clear water is drenched, good, uniform moisture absorption could be formed like this; The sowing cave that seedbed is well placed dish is carried out seedling management, this seedling management adopts dry rice seedling way to manage, namely according to the requirement of dry rice seedling technology, carry out the stage control moisture of seedbed seedling, reach fertile, long with water control with water tune, guarantee within the length of time rice seedlings grow of 35 ~ 45 days, in the alms bowl body of cave dish, grow the rice seedling that leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm.
embodiment 2
The present invention is the breeding method of the single cave rice seedling for rice transplanter rice transplanting.Wherein, the length of time rice seedlings grow of required single cave rice seedling is 35 ~ 45 days, leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm.The breeding method of this single cave rice seedling comprises the following steps:
1). select high-grade rice seed, specifically selecting requirement is: the rice paddy seed of full seed, flat grain≤5%, bud rate >=98%, namely selected seed quality must meet national standard.Prepare cave dish, cave dish is polyvinyl chloride plastics soft cave dish, and its overall profile size should meet rice transplanter instructions for use, and general requirements is 610 × 315mm, and cave dish has some alms bowl bodies simultaneously; Require that the alms bowl mouth length and width of the upper each alms bowl body of cave dish is respectively 16mm, if when alms bowl body is circular hole, aforementioned length and width size is its alms bowl mouth diameter; Require that at the bottom of the alms bowl of aforementioned alms bowl body, length and width is respectively 13mm(in like manner, if when alms bowl body is circular hole, this size is diameter at the bottom of alms bowl); Require that the alms bowl of aforementioned alms bowl body is 25mm deeply; The bottom of each alms bowl body of aforementioned cave dish structure should have the structure that rice transplanter ejects pot seedling, and common structure is can the Y-shaped hole (also can be certainly, that other is convenient to push up the nibs that seedling goes out cave) of free switch.
2). load in the dish alms bowl body of the cave of step 1) and cultivate soil, this cultivation soil is fine earth, or Nutrition Soil, also or the composite soil of fine earth and Nutrition Soil; Require that the cultivation soil be filled in each alms bowl body is 2/3rds of this alms bowl body bulk.
3). seed step 1) selected carries out soaking, dry, dressing and process of basking seeds, and specifically: the seed soaking of seed routine was cleaned seed after 4 hours, and drags for the impurity such as blighted grain, ghost, changes water and continues seed soaking after 30 hours, drain excessive moisture; Seed is dried until do not glue; Adopted by seed seed coating medicine to carry out Cotton seeds again, selected seed coating medicine be preferably can sterilization, desinsection moisture-absorption water-retention seed coating medicine, the seed coating medicine that seed adheres to evenly wraps up on seed, requires capsuled seed rate >=98%; Seed good for dressing is basked seeds 1 day prior to seeding, to improve the vigor of seed.By the planting seed through aforementioned PROCESS FOR TREATMENT in step 2) cave dish in, require that the seed number broadcast in each alms bowl body of cave dish is 1 ~ 4 (being generally 2 or 3), if sow son for hybrid rice time, the seed in each alms bowl body is 1 ~ 3 (being generally 2); In the cave dish alms bowl body having sowed seed, cover the thick cultivation soil of 4mm (this cultivation soil is fine earth, or Nutrition Soil, also or the composite soil of fine earth and Nutrition Soil), realize lid kind with this, remove the outer unnecessary soil of cave dish alms bowl body bulk.
4). select seedbed, specifically: seedbed is in easy film canopy, certainly, also can put cave dish seedbed on after build simple and easy film canopy; Seedbed is the smooth water-raised seedling seedbed of bed surface or medium for dry breeding of seedling bed, is covered with partition cloth.Step 3) being sowed complete cave dish puts on seedbed, the each cave be placed on seedbed is required to coil rule, put closely, be convenient to management like this, the cave dish be placed on seedbed is compressed, the native face in the bottom that cave is coiled and seedbed forms close contact, seedbed clear water is drenched, good, uniform moisture absorption could be formed like this; The sowing cave that seedbed is well placed dish is carried out seedling management, this seedling management adopts dry rice seedling way to manage, namely according to the requirement of dry rice seedling technology, carry out the stage control moisture of seedbed seedling, reach fertile, long with water control with water tune, guarantee within the length of time rice seedlings grow of 35 ~ 45 days, in the alms bowl body of cave dish, grow the rice seedling that leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm.
embodiment 3
The present invention is the breeding method of the single cave rice seedling for rice transplanter rice transplanting.Wherein, the length of time rice seedlings grow of required single cave rice seedling is 35 ~ 45 days, leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm.The breeding method of this single cave rice seedling comprises the following steps:
1). select high-grade rice seed, specifically selecting requirement is: the rice paddy seed of full seed, flat grain≤5%, bud rate >=98%, namely selected seed quality must meet national standard.Prepare cave dish, cave dish is polyvinyl chloride plastics soft cave dish, and its overall profile size should meet rice transplanter instructions for use, and general requirements is 610 × 315mm, and cave dish has some alms bowl bodies simultaneously; Require that the alms bowl mouth length and width of the upper each alms bowl body of cave dish is respectively 17mm, if when alms bowl body is circular hole, aforementioned length and width size is its alms bowl mouth diameter; Require that at the bottom of the alms bowl of aforementioned alms bowl body, length and width is respectively 14mm(in like manner, if when alms bowl body is circular hole, this size is diameter at the bottom of alms bowl); Require that the alms bowl of aforementioned alms bowl body is 27mm deeply; The bottom of each alms bowl body of aforementioned cave dish structure should have the structure that rice transplanter ejects pot seedling, and common structure is can the Y-shaped hole (also can be certainly, the nibs of other structure) of free switch.
2). load in the dish alms bowl body of the cave of step 1) and cultivate soil, this cultivation soil is fine earth, or Nutrition Soil, also or the composite soil of fine earth and Nutrition Soil; Require that the cultivation soil be filled in each alms bowl body is 2/3rds of this alms bowl body bulk.
3). seed step 1) selected carries out soaking, dry, dressing and process of basking seeds, and specifically: the seed soaking of seed routine was cleaned seed after 4 hours, and drags for the impurity such as blighted grain, ghost, changes water and continues seed soaking after 35 hours, drain excessive moisture; Seed is dried until do not glue; Adopted by seed seed coating medicine to carry out Cotton seeds again, selected seed coating medicine be preferably can sterilization, desinsection moisture-absorption water-retention seed coating medicine, the seed coating medicine that seed adheres to evenly wraps up on seed, requires capsuled seed rate >=98%; Seed good for dressing is basked seeds 1 day prior to seeding, to improve the vigor of seed.By the planting seed through aforementioned PROCESS FOR TREATMENT in step 2) cave dish in, require that the seed number broadcast in each alms bowl body of cave dish is 1 ~ 4 (being generally 2 or 3), if sow son for hybrid rice time, the seed in each alms bowl body is 1 ~ 3 (being generally 2); In the cave dish alms bowl body having sowed seed, cover the thick cultivation soil of 5mm (this cultivation soil is fine earth, or Nutrition Soil, also or the composite soil of fine earth and Nutrition Soil), realize lid kind with this, remove the outer unnecessary soil of cave dish alms bowl body bulk.
4). select seedbed, specifically: seedbed is in easy film canopy, certainly, also can put cave dish seedbed on after build simple and easy film canopy; Seedbed is the smooth water-raised seedling seedbed of bed surface or medium for dry breeding of seedling bed, is covered with partition cloth.Step 3) being sowed complete cave dish puts on seedbed, the each cave be placed on seedbed is required to coil rule, put closely, be convenient to management like this, the cave dish be placed on seedbed is compressed, the native face in the bottom that cave is coiled and seedbed forms close contact, seedbed clear water is drenched, good, uniform moisture absorption could be formed like this; The sowing cave that seedbed is well placed dish is carried out seedling management, and this seedling management adopts water to educate non-irrigated pipe mode, guarantees within the length of time rice seedlings grow of 35 ~ 45 days, grows the rice seedling that leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm in the alms bowl body of cave dish.
Claims (6)
1., for a machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method, the length of time rice seedlings grow of described single cave rice seedling is 35 ~ 45 days, leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm; It is characterized in that, described breeding method comprises the following steps:
1). select high-grade rice seed and prepare cave dish; Described cave dish has some alms bowl bodies, and the alms bowl mouth length and width of each alms bowl body is respectively length and width at the bottom of 14 ~ 18mm, alms bowl, and to be respectively 11 ~ 15mm, alms bowl be 22 ~ 28mm deeply;
2). load in the dish alms bowl body of the cave of step 1) and cultivate soil, the cultivation soil in each alms bowl body is 2/3rds of alms bowl body bulk;
3). by the planting seed selected in step 2) cave dish in, in each alms bowl body of cave dish, seed number is 1 ~ 4; In the cave dish alms bowl body having sowed seed, cover the thick cultivation soil of 3 ~ 5mm, cover kind with this;
4). cave complete for sowing dish is put on seedbed, and carry out seedling management, described seedling management adopts water to educate drought pipe or dry rice seedling way to manage, guarantees within the length of time rice seedlings grow of 35 ~ 45 days, grows the rice seedling that leaf age is 4 ~ 7, height of seedling is no more than 250mm in the alms bowl body of cave dish.
2. supply machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the seed of high-grade rice described in step 1) is the rice paddy seed of full seed, flat grain≤5%, bud rate >=98%.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 for machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method, it is characterized in that, described seed prior to seeding through soaking, drying, dressing and process of basking seeds.
4. supply machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom of the dish of cave described in step 1) has the structure that rice transplanter ejects pot seedling.
5. supply machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is that cave complete for sowing is coiled rule, is placed on seedbed closely that the dish of cave described in step 4) is put, and compresses, and the native face in the bottom that cave is coiled and seedbed forms close contact.
6. according to claim 1 or 5 for machine transplanting of rice list cave rice seedling breeding method, it is characterized in that, described seedbed is the smooth water-raised seedling seedbed of bed surface or medium for dry breeding of seedling bed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106577080A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-04-26 | 潍坊同方机械有限公司 | Paddy rice pot seedling draught planting method |
| CN110050652A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-26 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of hybrid paddy rice Low seeding rate precision drilling seedling strong sprout is at blanket method |
| CN110100669A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 贵州黔西南喀斯特区域发展研究院 | The mating artificial hand of the soft hole tray silt raised seedling of rice inserts the new method of transplanting |
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| CN103283547A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Seedling colonization method for promoting rice tillering |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106577080A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-04-26 | 潍坊同方机械有限公司 | Paddy rice pot seedling draught planting method |
| CN110050652A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-26 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of hybrid paddy rice Low seeding rate precision drilling seedling strong sprout is at blanket method |
| CN110100669A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 贵州黔西南喀斯特区域发展研究院 | The mating artificial hand of the soft hole tray silt raised seedling of rice inserts the new method of transplanting |
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