CN104255184B - Caterpillar band self-propelled cotton stalk stalk pulling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine, which comprises a crawler self-propelled chassis and a front suspension frame. The front suspension frame is suspended and arranged on the front end of the crawler self-propelled chassis. There are rotating knife roller, nail tooth conveying device, conveying roller device and compression roller device; the rotating knife roller will cut off the lateral root of the cotton stalk and lift the cotton stalk to pull out the cotton stalk, and then the cotton stalk will be pulled out from the root Throwing to the spike conveying device, the spike conveying device conveys the cotton stalks upwards, the conveying roller device continues to convey the cotton stalks conveyed by the spike conveying device backward, and the compression roller device preliminarily grinds the cotton stalks on the conveying roller device Compression. The invention has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural layout, low cotton stalk missing rate, low power, small volume of the whole machine, flexible and convenient use and maintenance, effectively reduced cost, and wide applicability.

Description

Crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine

technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural machinery for harvesting cotton, in particular to a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine.

Background technique

Cotton straw is a by-product of cotton production and an important agricultural renewable resource. The roots of cotton stalks left in the field will affect the subsequent planting of crops. At the same time, the roots of cotton stalks are easy to cause the spread of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, cotton stalks must be removed. It consumes a lot of manpower, and it is accompanied by problems such as straw bundling after harvesting, which seriously restricts the harvesting of cotton straws and the planting and cultivation of other crops after harvesting.

In recent years, various types of cotton stalk combined harvesting machines have been developed in China, which have extraction methods such as shoveling and lifting, and are accompanied by follow-up operations such as bundling or crushing and returning to the field. During the working process of this series of cotton stalk combine harvesters, The damage to the soil layer is relatively large, and the rate of missed pulling is high, which is not conducive to the harvest of cotton stalks and the planting of subsequent crops. On the other hand, according to the special geographical environment of our country, the landform in the south is mostly hilly, and the cultivated land is mostly small fields. The terrain is relatively complicated, the cotton fields are scattered and not concentrated, and large-scale combined harvesting machines are not suitable. In addition, the traditional stalk pulling machine has complex mechanical structure, difficult maintenance, high price and high operating cost, which is not suitable for the vast number of southern cotton farmers, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of cotton stalk extraction and harvesting.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is: aiming at the above technical deficiencies of the existing stalk pullers, the present invention provides a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk puller, which can not only reduce the degree of damage to the soil, but also make subsequent farming more convenient , and the structure is simple, the mechanical performance is reliable, the maintenance is convenient, and the cost is low, which can greatly meet the needs of the development of cotton mechanization in southern my country.

The present invention adopts the following technical solution to realize: a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine, comprising a crawler self-propelled chassis 18 and a front suspension frame 22, the front suspension frame 22 is suspended and arranged on the crawler self-propelled The front end of the chassis 18 is provided with a rotary cutter roller 8, a nail tooth conveying device 6, a conveying roller device 4 and a compression roller device 3 in sequence; wherein, the rotary cutter roller 8 is arranged at the front end and contacts the ground, including The roller cutter 803 that removes and throws the whole cotton stalk, the roller cutter 803 is a strip cutter roller with sawtooth; 604 conveyor belt 603; the conveying roller device 4 is arranged at the rear end of the spike conveying device 6, including a conveying roller 402 provided with arc-shaped spikes 403; the compression roller device 3 is arranged above the conveying roller device 4, including A compression roller 302 with a stalk pressing convex plate 303 is provided, and the compression roller 302 and the conveying roller 402 are arranged in pairs, and the positions of the stalk pressing convex plate 303 and the arc-shaped nail teeth 403 are staggered; the cotton stalk pulling machine It also includes a power device to drive the crawler-type self-propelled chassis 18 to travel and the rotary knife roller 8, the spike-tooth conveying device 6, the conveying roller device 4 and the compression roller device 3 to work.

Further, the front suspension frame 22 is also provided with a grain lifter 7, and the grain lifter 7 includes a cross bar suspended above the rotary cutter roller 8, and its position exceeds the front end of the rotary cutter roller 8. Setting, when the stalk puller is moving, the grain lifter first pushes the upper end of the cotton stalk forward to make the cotton stalk tilt forward, and then pulls the root of the cotton stalk out of the soil through the rotating knife roller device, and throws it backward. The cotton stalk is conveyed on the conveyor belt with the head in front.

Further, the roller knife 803 is evenly distributed on the rotating roller 802 in the transverse direction, and a part of the roller knife 803 provided with sawtooth is bent in the same radial direction and set at 60° to the horizontal plane, and the rotating roller 802 is fixed on the On the power take-off shaft 801.

Further, the conveyor belt 603 is wound on two transverse conveyor belt rollers 602 , and the conveyor belt rollers 602 are fixed on the conveyor belt rotating shaft 601 .

Further, the conveyor belt 603 is arranged obliquely, the conveyor spikes 604 are evenly spaced on the conveyor belt 603 , and side baffles 10 are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt 603 .

Further, the conveying roller 402 is fixed on the transverse conveying roller shaft 401 , and the compression roller 302 is fixed on the transverse compressing roller shaft 301 and arranged opposite to the conveying roller 402 .

Further, the arc-shaped spikes 403 are equidistantly arranged in several rows horizontally, and each row of arc-shaped spikes 403 is equidistantly distributed on the conveying roller 402 and inclined towards the same radial direction; There are stalk pressing convex plates 303 with the same number of rows as the arc nail teeth 403 .

Specifically, the power unit is a diesel power unit 19, a part of its output end is connected to the driving part of the crawler-type self-propelled chassis 18, and the other part is connected to the power output pulley 20, and the power output pulley 20 is connected to the power transmission through a belt 21. Pulley 24, the power transmission pulley 24 is connected to the input shaft of the secondary gearbox 5; the secondary gearbox 5 is provided with two output shafts, one of which is driven by a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism or a gear The mechanism drives the conveying roller device 4 and the compression roller device 3 to rotate the rollers; the other output shaft simultaneously drives the rotary knife roller 8 and the spike conveying device 6 through a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism.

In the present invention, the bottom of the front suspension frame 22 is provided with a depth-gauge wheel 14, and the depth-gauge wheel 14 is arranged on the bottom of the front suspension frame 22 through the depth-gauge wheel shaft 13 to ensure that the bottom of the rotary knife roller 8 contact with the land.

In the present invention, the rear of the conveying roller device 4 and the compressing roller device 3 is connected to the compressing baler 1 by setting the conveying cotton stalk channel 2, so as to realize integrated harvesting of stalk pulling-compression-baling.

When the present invention works, the crawler-type self-propelled chassis is controlled to move forward, and its own diesel engine power unit transmits power to the secondary gearbox through a belt connection to realize power transmission and reduce the speed. On the one hand, the secondary gearbox passes through the chain Driven by wheels and chains, the power is transmitted to the rotary knife roller. The rotary knife roller rotates counterclockwise through the rotary knife at 60° to the horizontal to shovel off the side roots of the cotton stalk and lift the cotton stalk to pull out the cotton stalk, and then rotate the roller The counterclockwise rotation of the knife will throw the cotton stalk from the root back to the spike conveying device. The advantage of keeping the head of the cotton stalk forward is that the spike teeth of the spike conveying device can catch the branches of the cotton stalk and transport the cotton stalk. Convey upwards to ensure that the cotton stalks will not slip and reduce the conveying efficiency; on the other hand, the two-stage gearbox transmits power to the conveying roller device through the drive of the sprocket and chain, and the conveying roller device rotates counterclockwise to convey the cotton from the nail-tooth conveying device. The stalks continue to be transported backwards. At the same time, the arc-shaped nail teeth of the conveying roller device can comb the soil at the root during the backward conveying process. The conveying roller device drives the compression roller device to rotate through the gear meshing, and the compression roller device The cotton stalks are initially rolled and compressed to prevent the cotton stalks from being stuck in the conveying aisle. Finally, the cotton stalks that have been compressed and combed to remove the soil are compressed and bundled from the cotton stalk conveying channel to the compression baler.

To sum up, the crawler-type self-propelled chassis of the present invention can be applied to the southern region with complex terrain. During the operation, one ridge and two rows are used to extract stalks. At the same time, the rationally arranged stalk extraction mechanism has a low rate of missed extraction, and the power demand is small. The volume is small, the stalk pulling part is easy to assemble, easy to disassemble, flexible and convenient to use and maintain, which effectively reduces the cost, and a compression baler can be added on the upper part of the crawler chassis, which has wider applicability.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotary knife roll in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spike conveying device in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the conveying roller device in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the compression roller device in the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the grain raiser and the rotary knife roller in the present invention for pulling out stalks.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the spike conveying device in the present invention conveying cotton stalks.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the paired rollers of the conveying roller device and the compressing roller device in the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine of the present invention.

Symbols in the figure: 1-compression baler, 2-transporting cotton stalk channel, 3-compression roller device, 301-compression roller shaft, 302-compression roller, 303-stalk pressing convex plate, 4-transportation roller device, 401- Conveyor roller shaft, 402-conveyor roller, 403-curved spike, 5-secondary gearbox, 6-spike conveying device, 601-conveyor belt shaft, 602-conveyor roller, 603-conveyor belt, 604-conveyor Spike teeth, 7-grain lifter, 8-rotary knife roller, 801-power output shaft, 802-rotary roller, 803-roller knife, 9-fourth sprocket, 10-side baffle, 11-second chain , 12- second sprocket, 13- depth gauge axle, 14- depth gauge wheel, 15- first sprocket, 16- first chain, 17- second gear, 18- crawler self-propelled chassis, 19- diesel engine Power unit, 20-power output pulley, 21-belt, 22-front suspension frame, 23-first gear, 24-power transmission pulley, 25-sixth sprocket, 26-fourth chain, 27-fifth Sprocket, 28 - 3rd sprocket.

detailed description

Example

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 10, a crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine includes a crawler-type self-propelled chassis 18 and a front suspension frame 22, and the front suspension frame 22 is suspended on the crawler-type self-propelled chassis 18 The front end is provided with a rotary knife roller 8, a nail tooth conveying device 6, a conveying roller device 4 and a compression roller device 3 in sequence; wherein, the rotary knife roller 8 is arranged at the front end and is in contact with the land, including cutting the cotton stalk from the root. The roller knife 803 that strain is eradicated and throws is sent, and the roller knife 803 is provided with the strip knife roller of sawtooth; The nail-tooth conveying device 6 is arranged on the rear of the rotary knife roller 8, and comprises the conveyer belt 603 that is provided with conveying nail-tooth 604; The device 4 is arranged at the rear end of the spike conveying device 6, and includes a conveying roller 402 provided with arc-shaped spikes 403; the compression roller device 3 is arranged above the conveying roller device 4, and includes a compression roller 302 provided with a stalk pressing convex plate 303, The compression roller 302 and the conveying roller 402 are arranged in pairs, and the positions of the stalk pressing convex plate 303 and the arc-shaped nail teeth 403 are staggered; , Spike tooth conveying device 6, conveying roller device 4 and compression roller device 3 work.

Referring specifically to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the power unit diesel power unit 19, a part of its output end is connected to the driving part of the crawler-type self-propelled chassis 18, and the other part is connected to the power output pulley 20, and the power output pulley 20 is connected to the power transmission through a belt 21. Pulley 24, the power transmission pulley 24 is connected to the input shaft of the secondary gearbox 5; the secondary gearbox 5 is provided with two output shafts, one of which drives the delivery roller device 4 and the compression roller device 3 pairs of rollers through the transmission mechanism rotation; the other output shaft simultaneously drives the rotary knife roller 8 and the nail-teeth conveying device 6 through the transmission mechanism. In a specific application, the power transmission between the conveying roller device 4 and the compression roller device 3 can adopt a chain transmission mechanism or a pulley transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism, and the power transmission of the conveyor belt roller of the nail-tooth conveying device 6 and the rotary knife roller 8 Chain drive mechanism or pulley drive mechanism can be used.

The bottom of the front suspension frame 22 is provided with a depth-limiting wheel 14, and the depth-limiting wheel 14 is arranged on the bottom of the front suspension frame 22 by the depth-limiting wheel shaft 13, which can ensure that the bottom end of the rotary knife roller 8 contacts with the land.

As shown in Figure 10, the rear of the conveying roller device 4 and the compressing roller device 3 is connected to the compressing baler 1 by setting the conveying cotton stalk channel 2, so as to realize the integrated harvesting of stalk pulling-compression-bundling.

Referring specifically to Fig. 3, the roller knife 803 is evenly distributed horizontally on the rotating roller 802, and a part of the roller knife 803 provided with sawtooth is bent in the same radial direction and is set at 60° to the horizontal plane, and the rotating roller 802 is fixed on the power output shaft 801 on. Referring specifically to Fig. 3, the rotary roller device is a circular cylinder with a diameter of 60 cm, with four rows of rotary roller knives with a horizontal angle of 60° around the circular cylinder at an angular interval of 90°, and the front end of the rotary roller knife is Jagged. The use of the rotating drum device can pull out the cotton stalks from the soil with less effort, especially the sawtooth part of the rotating knife roller at an angle of 60° to the horizontal makes pulling out the cotton stalks more labor-saving.

Specifically referring to FIG. 4 , the conveyor belt 603 is wrapped on two transverse conveyor belt rollers 602 , and the conveyor belt rollers 602 are fixed on the conveyor belt rotating shaft 601 . The conveyor belt 603 is arranged obliquely, and the conveyor spikes 604 are evenly distributed on the conveyor belt 603 at equal intervals. Referring specifically to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, side baffles 10 are installed on both sides of the spike conveying device 6 to prevent the pulled cotton stalks from detaching from the spike conveying device 6 during the conveying process. The spike conveying device is a horizontal angle The steel belt conveyor is 30°. The steel belt conveyor is driven by a rotating drum, and its rotation direction is counterclockwise. The steel belt conveyor is fixed with 15cm-long fine nail teeth. The nail tooth conveying device combined with the rotary knife roller device throws the head of the cotton stalk forward, and the nail teeth fix the reverse cotton stalk branches to transport the pulled cotton stalk upwards more stably. At the same time, the cotton stalk is pulled out and thrown The impact of the center and the steel conveyor belt can remove part of the soil at the root of the cotton stalk.

Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , the conveying roller 402 is fixed on the transverse conveying roller shaft 401 , and the compression roller 302 is fixed on the transverse compressing roller shaft 301 and arranged opposite to the conveying roller 402 . The arc-shaped spikes 403 are equidistantly arranged in several rows horizontally, and each row of arc-shaped spikes 403 is equidistantly distributed on the conveying roller 402 and inclined towards the same radial direction; The matching convex plates 303 of the pressing stalks are staggered with the arc-shaped nail teeth when the compression roller 302 and the conveying roller 402 rotate relative to each other. Referring specifically to Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 9, the conveying roller device is a circular roller with a diameter of 25 cm. On the circular roller, there are four rows of slanted 15 cm long comb fingers with an angular interval of 90°. The conveying roller The use of the device can continue to transport the cotton stalks backwards, and at the same time, the inclined comb fingers can further comb and brush off the soil at the root of the cotton stalks; the compression roller device is a circular roller with a diameter of 20cm, and the angular distance around the circular roller The 90° raised plate with four rows of pressing stalks, the use of the compression roller device can perform primary compression on the cotton stalks to prevent the cotton stalks from being stuck in the cotton conveying channel during the transportation process and causing blockage.

Specifically referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the front suspension frame 22 is also provided with a grain raising device 7, and the grain raising device 7 comprises a cross bar suspended above the rotary knife roller 8, and its position exceeds the uppermost position of the rotary knife roller 8. The front end is set. When the stalk puller is moving, the grain lifter first pushes the upper end of the cotton stalk forward to make the cotton stalk tilt forward, and then pulls the root of the cotton stalk out of the soil through the rotating knife roller. Under interference, the root of the cotton stalk will be thrown backwards first, so that the cotton stalk is conveyed with the head on the conveyor belt.

In combination with the specific structure of each of the above-mentioned stalk pulling devices, the power transmission in this embodiment is described in detail below: one of the output shafts of the secondary gearbox 5 is connected to the second sprocket 12, and the secondary gearbox 5 connects the diesel engine power unit 19. The power of the transmission is transmitted to the second sprocket 12, and the second sprocket 12 is connected with the fourth sprocket 9 through the second chain 11 to realize power transmission, and the fourth sprocket 9 is fixedly connected with one end of the power output shaft 801 to drive the power output shaft 801 rotates, and the power output shaft 801 is fixed with a rotating drum 802, and the rotating drum 802 is fixed with a roller knife 803 at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. The rotating drum 802 and the roller knife 803 follow the power output shaft 801 to rotate together. The other end of the power output shaft 801 is fixedly connected with the fifth sprocket 27, and the fifth sprocket 27 is connected with the sixth sprocket 25 through the fourth chain 26 to transmit power to the sixth sprocket 25, and the sixth sprocket 25 is connected with the transmission The belt rotating shaft 601 is connected to realize the rotary movement. The conveyor belt roller 602 is fixed on the conveyor belt rotating shaft 601. The conveyor belt roller 602 is provided with a conveyor belt 603. The conveyor belt 603 is fixed with a conveying spike 604. 603 to transport the cotton stalk upwards.

The other output shaft of the secondary gearbox 5 is connected to the first sprocket 15, the first sprocket 15 is connected to the third sprocket 28 through the first chain 16, and the third sprocket 28 is fixedly connected to one end of the conveying roller shaft 401 Rotational movement is realized, the conveying roller 402 is fixed on the conveying roller shaft 401, and the arc-shaped nail teeth 403 are fixed on the conveying roller 402, and the arc-shaped nail teeth 403 further move the cotton stalks conveyed by the nail-tooth conveying device 6 along with the rotation of the conveying roller 402. Convey backwards, and the arc-shaped nail teeth 403 can comb and brush away the soil at the root during the backward conveying process. The pair of rollers between the conveying roller 402 and the compression roller 302 can be realized by a chain transmission mechanism, a belt transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism. Referring specifically to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the other end of the delivery roller shaft 401 is fixedly connected with the first gear 23, and the compression roller shaft 301 at the same end is fixedly provided with a second gear 17 meshing with the first gear 23, and the second gear 17 is fixed with the first gear 23. The connection realizes the rotation movement, the compression roller 302 is fixed on the compression roller shaft 301, and the stalk pressing convex plate 303 is fixed on the compression roller 302, and the stalk pressing convex plate 303 conveys the cotton stalks conveyed by the spike conveying device 6 with the rotation of the compression roller 302. For compression, the size of the first gear 23 and the second gear 17 should correspond to the conveying roller 402 and the compression roller 302 respectively.

The chain drive mechanism in the present invention can also be realized by a belt drive mechanism.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine is characterized in that: it includes a crawler-type self-propelled chassis (18) and a front suspension frame (22), and the front suspension frame (22) is suspended on a crawler-type The front end of the self-propelled chassis (18) is sequentially provided with a rotary knife roller (8), a nail-tooth conveying device (6), a conveying roller device (4) and a compression roller device (3); in, The rotary knife roller (8) is set at the forefront and is in contact with the ground, including a roller knife (803) that removes and throws the whole cotton stalk from the root, and the roller knife (803) is a strip with sawtooth Knife roller; The spike conveying device (6) is arranged behind the rotary knife roller (8), and includes a conveyor belt (603) provided with conveying spikes (604); The conveying roller device (4) is arranged at the rear end of the spike conveying device (6), including a conveying roller (402) provided with arc-shaped spikes (403); The compression roller device (3) is arranged above the conveying roller device (4), and includes a compressing roller (302) provided with a stalk convex plate (303), and the compressing roller (302) and the conveying roller (402) are opposite to each other. setting, the positions of the pressing stalk convex plate (303) and the arc-shaped nail teeth (403) are staggered; The cotton stalk pulling machine also includes a power device, and the power device respectively drives the crawler-type self-propelled chassis (18) to walk and the rotary knife roller (8), the spike conveying device (6), the conveying roller device (4) and The compression roller device (3) works. 2. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk puller according to claim 1, the front suspension frame (22) is also provided with a grain lifter (7), and the grain lifter (7) includes a A cross bar suspended above the rotary knife roll (8), the position of the cross bar is set beyond the front end of the rotary knife roll (8). 3. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 2, the roller knife (803) is evenly distributed on the rotating roller (802) in the horizontal direction, and a part of the roller knife (803) provided with sawtooth faces the same direction. The radial direction is bent and set at 60° to the horizontal plane, and the rotating roller (802) is fixed on the power output shaft (801). 4. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 3, the conveyor belt (603) is wound on two transverse conveyor belt rollers (602), and the conveyor belt rollers (602) are fixed Set on the conveyor belt rotating shaft (601). 5. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 4, the conveyor belt (603) is arranged obliquely, and the conveyor spikes (604) are evenly distributed on the conveyor belt (603), so that Side baffles (10) are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt (603). 6. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 5, the conveying roller (402) is fixed on the transverse conveying roller shaft (401), and the compression roller (302) is fixed on the transverse The compression roller shaft (301) and the conveying roller (402) are arranged opposite to each other on the compression roller shaft (301). 7. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 6, said arc-shaped spikes (403) are equidistantly arranged in several rows horizontally, and each row of arc-shaped spikes (403) is equally spaced and evenly distributed On the conveying roller (402) and inclined towards the same radial direction; the compressing roller (302) is provided with stalk pressing convex plates (303) with the same number of rows as the arc-shaped nail teeth (403). 8. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to any one of claims 1-7, the power unit is a diesel power unit (19), and a part of its output end is connected to the crawler-type self-propelled chassis (18 ), the other part is connected to the power output pulley (20), and the power output pulley (20) is connected to the power transmission pulley (24) through the belt (21), and the power transmission pulley (24) is connected to the secondary transmission The input shaft of the box (5); The two-stage gearbox (5) is provided with two output shafts, one of which drives the delivery roller device (4) and the compression roller device (3) through a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism. The roller rotates; the other output shaft simultaneously drives the rotary knife roller (8) and the nail-tooth conveying device (6) through a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism. 9. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 1, wherein a depth-limiting wheel (14) is provided at the bottom of the front suspension frame (22). 10. The crawler self-propelled cotton stalk pulling machine according to claim 1, the rear of the conveying roller device (4) and the compressing roller device (3) is connected to the compressed baler by setting a conveying cotton stalk channel (2). device (1).