CN104245992A - Free-machining steels containing bismuth - Google Patents
Free-machining steels containing bismuth Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104245992A CN104245992A CN201380010511.5A CN201380010511A CN104245992A CN 104245992 A CN104245992 A CN 104245992A CN 201380010511 A CN201380010511 A CN 201380010511A CN 104245992 A CN104245992 A CN 104245992A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- mass
- bismuth
- free
- sulphur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and specifically to the production of free-machining steel having a high level of machinability for manufacturing components in the construction of cars. Steel of the following composition is proposed: a maximum of 0.16% by mass of carbon; a maximum of 0.15% by mass of silicon; 1.2-1.68% by mass of manganese; 0.2-0.4% by mass of sulphur; 0.06-0.15% by mass of phosphorus; a maximum of 0.01% by mass of aluminium; 0.06-0.12% by mass of bismuth; 0.003-0.015% by mass of oxygen; with the remainder being iron and impurities. If the cost of steel needs to be reduced, an economical alloying of steel with bismuth is carried out. The technical result of the invention is the production of a calibrated product having enhanced machinability over the entire cross section and rolling volume while the level of mechanical properties is kept at the level of lead-containing steel, a reduction in the environmental impact of the metallurgical industry, and variety in the cost of steel.
Description
The present invention relates to iron containing metallurgical, particularly for the manufacture of the production of the free-cutting steel (free machining steel) with high cutting ability of trolley part.
Leaded free-cutting steel as known in the art has the ratio of component of following % by weight:
Carbon-0.10-0.17
Silicon-no more than 0.12
Manganese-0.1-1.3
Sulphur-0.15-0.30
Phosphorus-no more than 0.1
Lead-0.15-0.30
All the other are iron and impurity [1].
Described steel closest to the steel that the present invention proposes, is thus elected to be prototype in mechanical property, composition and its intended application.
The shortcoming of described steel is the membranaceous inclusion of excessive distortion, and it deleteriously affects the physics of metal and mechanical technology performance and damages machinability.Another shortcoming is plumbous toxicity, and it is 1 class hazardous substance.The manufacture of leaded steel needs steel mill to install the very complicated device for absorbing generation gas.At rolling plant, for lead-containing compounds impact protection especially difficulty reach.
Major technique effect of the present invention improves processing characteristics within the scope of whole cross section and rolling, keeps the mechanical property being similar to leaded steel simultaneously, improve the environment of iron content smeltery, and manufacture dissimilar steel with different costs.
The composition with the free-cutting steel of the bismuth-containing of following weight percent that described technical purpose is proposed by the present invention realizes:
Carbon-no more than 0.16
Silicon-no more than 0.15
Manganese-1.2-1.68
Sulphur-0.2-0.4
Phosphorus-0.06-0.15
Aluminium-no more than 0.01
Bismuth-0.06-0.12
Total oxygen-0.003-0.015
All the other are iron and impurity.The Steel Grade of described proposition is called AM14.
The composition of the low cost microalloyed steel containing bismuth proposed has following weight percent:
Carbon-no more than 0.16
Silicon-no more than 0.15
Manganese-1.2-1.68
Sulphur-0.2-0.4
Phosphorus-0.06-0.15
Aluminium-no more than 0.01
Bismuth-0.03-0.05
Total oxygen-0.003-0.015
All the other are iron and impurity.The Steel Grade proposed is called AM12.
By fusing metal and sulphur and bismuth and forming the Sulfide inclusion of equally distributed ellipse or circle and realize described object in whole metal.The quantity of Sulfide inclusion depends on sulphur content, and form is determined by the rate of cooling in the deoxidation of steel and oxygen level wherein and crystallisation process.In order to obtain the better machinability of steel, the shape of preferred sulfide is circular, closely spherical and slight distortion; Be formed in the steel of the slight deoxidation of 0.0030-0.0150% at total oxygen content.For realizing above object, the oxygen activity in the casting cycle of steel remains on 20-70ppm.The sulfide of the closely spherical and slight deformation existed in metal corresponds to the content of active oxygen and residual Al well; Higher oxygen level, comprises the residual Al of small amount, obtains the spherical sulfide of higher amount in metal.
The highest aluminium content (0.01%) is limited by the machinability of the reduction of parts.
The highest aluminium content 0.16% obtains required mechanical property.If exceeded the upper limit, the plasticity of reduction and the hardness of increase have hindered the expection of steel to use.
The ratio of the content of sulfide and manganese is 3.4-8.0.Described ratio reduces hot short threat.If the content of sulphur is lower than 0.2%, acceptable machinability level reduces.
The lower limit (0.06%) of phosphorus content makes the machinability of steel increase.If phosphorus concentration is more than 0.15%, it deleteriously affects the plasticity of metal.
In order to reach the machinability identical with leaded steel, requiring in steel that bi content is minimum is 0.03%.The content of maximum 0.12% is experimental selection, to reach the top condition of casting on CCM, supports that the concentration (MAC) of the maximum permission that bismuth needs in atmosphere requires that (it is set in 0.5mg/m
3).
Fig. 1 is the photo of the microtexture being the free-cutting steel of a foundry goods modification of 8-9 under 100 times of magnifications and 400mcm graduated scale by grain-size number.
Fig. 2 is the photo of the microtexture of granular pearlite and lamellar pearlite (excessive lamellar pearlite) under 500 times of magnifications and 90mcm graduated scale.
Fig. 3 shows under 100 times of magnifications by the distribution of the Sulfide inclusion on the surface of the longitudinal cross-section of the free-cutting steel of a foundry goods modification and shape.
Fig. 4 shows distribution and the shape of the Sulfide inclusion on the surface of the longitudinal cross-section of the free-cutting steel of modification under 500 times of magnifications.
Fig. 5 shows distribution and the shape of the Sulfide inclusion in the centre portions of the longitudinal cross-section of a sample in the cast samples of the free-cutting steel of the modification under 100 times of magnifications.
Fig. 6 shows distribution and the shape of the Sulfide inclusion on the centre portions longitudinal cross-section of a sample in the cast samples of the free-cutting steel of the modification under 500 times of magnifications.
Embodiment
The steel of grade of the present invention is cast in the steelmaking equipment of ZAO OMutninsk metallurgical plant.Being poured into from steel-making unit by steel the process in ladle, aluminium makes steel-deoxidizing, wherein deoxidation component is incorporated into the bottom of ladle with the optimal ratio of [Mn]/[Si] >=3.Then pass into argon gas and carry out second time refining in ladle furnace, under the existence of lime-aluminous slag, after thickening metal block with clean burn magnesite, introduce the flux-cored wire of filling element sulphur.Then the flux-cored wire (MnBi) being filled with bismuth is introduced.Cast in CCM by the method for " leveling ".Steel is obtained with the form of continuous billet casting.
Then according to working procedure and method flow diagram rolling strand on hot rolls of ZAO OMP.Then use cold drawing machine calibration (calibrate) half-finished rolled stock with the hold-down gear of 10 tons to obtain 10-27mm circle and the hexagonal finished product of 14-27mm.
Three foundry goods of steel grade AM12 and AM14 of the present invention are tested.List the final chemical constitution compared with prototype in Table 1.
The mechanical property of AM12 and AM14 and the test of structure are carried out in the pilot plant laboratory of ZAO OMP.Mechanical property is tested on 25 tons of QUASAR 250 stretching testing machines; Hardness is tested on Brinell hardness tester TIII-2M.Known illustrates in table 2 with the result of the measuring mechanical property of calibration steel of the present invention (calibrated steel).The foundry goods of experiment is used to manufacture multi-form typical sizes.Some changes of mechanical property are reductions of the form due to drawing different size.
The microtexture of Study on Steel and the distribution of shape and Sulfide inclusion under " NEOPHOT-21 " microscope.The microtexture of discovery steel is sub-perlite, is mainly not more than lamellar pearlite and the particle of 5.According to GOST 5639, under the magnification of 100 times, on the cross section of calibration form, evaluate grain-size (Fig. 1); According to GOST 5639, under the magnification of 500 times, on cross section, evaluate the ratio (Fig. 2) of particulate state and lamellar pearlite.Do not observe the difference in microtexture between AM12 and AM14 grade of the present invention.
The evaluation of the shape of non-metallic inclusion is presented at circle (ellipse) sulfide of equispaced, separation, slight deformation on metal edges shape in rolling-drawing process, do not gather membranaceous inclusion, it comprises the physics of metal, machinery and processing performance.Ratio between the length of sulfide grain and its thickness is 2-4 (Fig. 3,4) from the teeth outwards, is 4-6 (Fig. 5,6) at middle portion.
The form of the Sulfide inclusion obtained inhibits between process material and instrument and forms bonding, thus makes surfaceness and tool wear rate (instrument wearing quality) be similar to leaded steel.
Carry out experiment test with the chip removal behavior of the machinability of rolled metal product determining the wearing quality of metal cutting tool, surfaceness and be made up of free-cutting steel of the present invention.
Several factory (such as OAO Ulyanovsk Auto Plant, OAO Autodetatail-Service, OOO Laguna, S.Petersburg, ZAO Okulovsky Furniture Plant etc.) report machined into AM12 steel test after positive result.Cutter wearing quality adds 15-20%; In process zone, chip is not gathered by easily pulverizing.
The OOO AutopartnerOOO of Dimitrovgrad reports that 1-2 grade of the finished surface polishing of the trolley part of processing is improved.In the experiment test of the OOO PROSAM company in Ryazan city the controlled size of display automobile parts constant accuracy and in rolled thread, there is no metallic stack.
The chemical constitution that the present invention proposes and deoxidation, melting, drawing and calibration steps obtain two kinds of calibration products, it is made up of two kinds of grade steel of different cost, compare with leaded AC14 steel, it has the machinability of improvement in whole cross section and rolling scope, and in metal manufacturing process, it maintains mechanical property and improves environment.
Table 1
Table 2
Information source:
1、GOST?1414-75，Gosstandart?Russia，M.，1992，pp.4-5，9
Claims (2)
1. have the free-cutting steel of high working property energy, it comprises carbon, silicon, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, aluminium and iron, and wherein said steel also comprises the oxygen of bismuth and certain content, and wherein described in the process of the described steel of casting, the activity of oxygen remains on 20-70ppm; The equally distributed subsphaeroidal and Sulfide inclusion that is slightly out of shape drawn together by described ladle, and described Sulfide inclusion has the ratio of component of following % by weight:
Carbon-no more than 0.16
Silicon-no more than 0.15
Manganese-1.2-1.68
Sulphur-0.2-0.4
Phosphorus-0.06-0.15
Aluminium-no more than 0.01
Bismuth-0.06-0.12
Total oxygen-0.003-0.015
All the other are iron and impurity.
2. steel according to claim 1, the bismuth of low levels drawn together by wherein said ladle, has the ratio of component of following % by weight:
Carbon-no more than 0.16
Silicon-no more than 0.15
Manganese-1.2-1.68
Sulphur-0.2-0.4
Phosphorus-0.06-0.15
Aluminium-no more than 0.01
Bismuth-0.03-0.05
Total oxygen-0.003-0.015
All the other are iron and impurity.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2012133578/02A RU2503737C1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2012-08-06 | Free-machining bismuth-containing steels |
| RU2012133578 | 2012-08-06 | ||
| PCT/RU2013/000105 WO2014025287A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-02-12 | Free-machining steels containing bismuth |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104245992A true CN104245992A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| CN104245992B CN104245992B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
Family
ID=49884706
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380010511.5A Active CN104245992B (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-02-12 | Automatic steel containing bismuth |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2789710B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104245992B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2757277T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2503737C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014025287A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114480963A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-13 | 鞍钢集团北京研究院有限公司 | Environment-friendly low-carbon low-sulfur bismuth-containing free-cutting steel |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110714161B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-09-22 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | High-sulfur free-cutting steel for automobile and production process thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000336454A (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2000-12-05 | Pohang Iron & Steel Co Ltd | BISMUTH (Bi)-SULFUR (S) FREE-CUTTING STEEL EXCELLENT IN HIGH TEMPERATURE DUCTILITY AND ITS PRODUCTION |
| CN100447281C (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2008-12-31 | Jfe条钢株式会社 | Free cutting steel |
| RU2437739C1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-12-27 | ЗАО "Омутнинский металлургический завод" | Method of producing free-cutting steel am-14 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2135628C1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 1999-08-27 | ОАО Челябинский металлургический комбинат "МЕЧЕЛ" | Free-cutting steel |
| JP4502519B2 (en) * | 2001-01-15 | 2010-07-14 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Martensitic free-cutting stainless steel |
| JP3468239B2 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-11-17 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Steel for machine structural use and its manufacturing method |
| DE60222460T2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2008-06-19 | Ishida, Kiyohito, Sendai | MACHINES STEEL |
| JP3758581B2 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2006-03-22 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Low carbon free cutting steel |
| JP5241734B2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2013-07-17 | ポスコ | Environmentally friendly lead-free free-cutting steel with excellent machinability and hot-rollability |
-
2012
- 2012-08-06 RU RU2012133578/02A patent/RU2503737C1/en active
-
2013
- 2013-02-12 EP EP13827542.5A patent/EP2789710B1/en active Active
- 2013-02-12 WO PCT/RU2013/000105 patent/WO2014025287A1/en unknown
- 2013-02-12 ES ES13827542T patent/ES2757277T3/en active Active
- 2013-02-12 CN CN201380010511.5A patent/CN104245992B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000336454A (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2000-12-05 | Pohang Iron & Steel Co Ltd | BISMUTH (Bi)-SULFUR (S) FREE-CUTTING STEEL EXCELLENT IN HIGH TEMPERATURE DUCTILITY AND ITS PRODUCTION |
| CN100447281C (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2008-12-31 | Jfe条钢株式会社 | Free cutting steel |
| RU2437739C1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-12-27 | ЗАО "Омутнинский металлургический завод" | Method of producing free-cutting steel am-14 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114480963A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-13 | 鞍钢集团北京研究院有限公司 | Environment-friendly low-carbon low-sulfur bismuth-containing free-cutting steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2789710A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| ES2757277T3 (en) | 2020-04-28 |
| EP2789710A4 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| WO2014025287A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| EP2789710B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
| RU2503737C1 (en) | 2014-01-10 |
| CN104245992B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Russian Federation O Mutter Chaanning Silk Applicant after: AO Ao Mutter Ning metallurgical plant Address before: Russian Federation O Mutter Chaanning Silk Applicant before: CLOSED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY "OMUTNINSK METALLURGICAL PLANT" |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |