CN1042323A - 用以制造复合材料部件的预加工件 - Google Patents
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制造复合材料构件的预加工件及其方法，该复合材料构件由一管状外部构件，至少一个芯部或内部构件和两个设置在管状外部构件两端的密封盖。密封盖至少部分伸入外部构件中，在配合面上作用有表面压力，与外部构件的材料相比，密封盖由至少相同的热膨胀系数和相同的形变阻力以及较高的软化温度的材料组成。本发明的方法涉及密封盖在管状外部构件中的热压，必要时设有一剩余空隙，将其抽成真空或者用惰性气体充入。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过热成形加工或通过热等静压加工生产复合材料部件的预加工件，它由一个管状外部构件，至少一个芯部或内部构件和两个密封盖构成。该外部构件也可能在成形加工后构成复合部件的一个构件，芯部构件由固体材料或者由粉末状材料构成，它构成复合部件的另一个构件，两个密封盖在管状外部构件的两端，密封盖上有一气体接口。本发明还涉及制造预加工件的一种方法。
复合材料部件的应用对机器另件和工具带来很多好处，复合材料部件可以满足各种不同的要求，如化学稳定性和强度，坚固性或者耐磨强度和韧性。这种复合材料部件的制作能够通过熔焊包复和/或通过热成形加工将两种或更多的构件进行金属结合的方式来实现。
在通过热成形加工进行金属结合的过程中，多半是将各个构件置入一个盒中（参见CH-A-227631），并对此盒进行密封性焊接（参见US-A-4640815），再通过气体接口，将惰性气体充入盒中形成的剩余空隙或者最好将此剩余空隙抽成真空，然后将其封闭住，也就是避免在加热到模塑温度时构件外表面受到氧化从而实现金属的充分结合（参见EP-A-0114593）。
具有一个内部构件和一个围绕内部构件，特别是与内部构件成同心装配的外部构件的复合材料部件可由预加工件制成，这是很有利的，并且价格便宜，外部构件同时还可用作盒形外壳，只需将盒的两个底部，也就是密封盖的两个端面焊接到外部构件上。其缺点是，如果外部构件由难以焊接的或者由预热后可焊接的材料，如冷作钢等（例如材料DIN12378之类）构成，要使密封盖能焊接得不漏气，其焊缝在预加工件加热到加工温度时无裂纹，以及在母材中没有裂纹产生，就必须采取一些附加措施，例如，用手枪式焊接设备对外部构件涂复后再进行中间退火，特别是对热影响区，还需进行清理，也就是除去金属表面上的氧化皮。这些附加措施费用昂贵，多数情况下不能充分保证生产的可靠性。由于这种原因，以及由于有些特殊材料有时不能够按照所提的要求通过熔焊与密封盖结合在一起，势必多次地将需结合的各构件焊封在一个由可焊接的材料构成的，需丢弃的盒中，以此来制作预加工件。
本发明的任务是，克服上述缺点，提供一种按简单的方式取得制造复合材料部件的预加工件以及一种制造预加工件的方法。
本发明在于：使一种密封盖至少部分地伸入外部构件，此构件主要在密封盖区是圆柱形的，它在该区的壁部横截面是台阶形的，在密封盖与外部构件的配合面上，粗糙度或者粗糙深度RA，最高为200um，较好为10um，最佳为4um，在配合面上作用着表面压力，并且密封盖的外面，有时具有夹持部分，例如销子，盲孔等，密封盖的里面具有内部构件的一个或者几个定位位置，与外部构件的材料相比，密封盖的材料具有较高的，至少是相同的热膨胀系数，在预加工件达到制造温度时，形变阻力基本上相同的情况下，此材料的热成形能力较高，此材料具有超过预加工件制造温度至少约90℃的软化温度，有时，预加工件的剩余空隙用惰性气体充入或者抽真空。由一种奥氏体合金，尤其由一种铬镍钢或者一种锰钢或者一种镍锰钢制成的密封盖是很有效的。
预加工件的制造方法基本上包括：将一个温度低于外部构件的温度至少约50℃，较好约100℃，最好约150℃的密封盖放在一个管状的，有时经预热过的外部构件中，然后，将一个或者多个有时是压实的粉末状的内部构件，按照已知的方法置入一端封闭的外部构件中，第二个密封盖按照同样的装配方法，固定在外部构件中，有时借助一种气体接口，将惰性气体导入预加工件的剩余空隙中，或者将此空隙抽成真空，然后将气体接口封住。有利的是，使外部构件保持在室温下，而温差是通过密封盖在冷却媒介，例如液态空气或者液态氮中的冷却取得的。
本专业技术人员的一种偏见是：在真空密封的热压配合中，由于密封盖的膨胀而在外部构件中出现较高的拉应力，特别当外部构件由脆性大的材料构成时，会产生裂纹，以及由于为将材料加热到形变（模塑）温度而经过脆化温度时，材料的拉应力增大而延展性减少，就会产生其他裂纹。与这种偏见相反，经发现，特别是加热由奥氏体材料制成的密封盖，同时外部构件由韧性或者脆性不大的材料制成时，外部构件上并无裂纹产生。还发现，令人惊讶的是：在加热时，在与体积变化相关的外部构件材料的结构转变过程中，仍保持着热压配合的气密性，或真空密封性。
现参照附图所示实施例对本发明作进一步的描述：
图1：表示了一种由二个构件组成的复合材料部件的预加工件;
图2：表示了一种制造三构件复合部件的预加工件，也就是，由三个构件组成的部件。
如图1所示，一个由固体材料制成的内部构件（2）置于一个外部构件（1）中，在外部构件（1）的两个端面中部份地嵌入密封盖（3）。配合面（4）由外部构件（1）的横截面呈台阶形的壁面构成并且与密封盖配合。密封盖（3）有一夹持部分（7），密封盖上还有一个气体接口（5）。在外部构件（1）和内部构件（2）之间形成了一个在预加工件中的剩余空隙（6）。
图2所示为一预加工件，它用于由三个构件组成的复合材料部件的生产，在制造时，固体材料的芯部构件（9）固定在密封盖（3）的定位位置（10）内，密封盖（3）伸入外部构件（1）内，在芯部构件（9）和外部构件（1）之间，装有一个粉末状的中间构件（8）。在具有一个气体接口（5）的密封盖（3）上设一构成盲孔的夹持部分。
Claims (4)
1、一种通过热成形加工或者通过热等静压加工生产复合材料部件的预加工件，它由一个管状外部构件，至少一个芯部或内部构件和两个密封盖构成，该外部构件必要时在成形加工后成为复合部件的一个构件，由固体的和/或粉末状材料构成的芯部或内部构件，构成成品的另一个构件，两个密封盖位于管状外部构件的两端，在密封盖上必要时有一气体接口，其特征是：密封盖(3)主要在密封区中，至少部分地伸入壁部横截面为台阶形的管状外部构件(1)内，在外部构件和密封盖的配合面(4)上，粗糙度或者粗糙深度(RA)最高为200μm，较好为10um，最佳为4um，在配合面(4)上作用有表面压力并且在密封盖(3)外端面上必要时有一夹持部分(7)，就如销子，盲孔等，在密封盖的内端面上必要时有一个或多个内部件(9)的定位位置(10)，与外部构件(1)的材料相比，密封盖(3)是由这样一种材料制成的，这种材料具有至少相等的，最好是较高的热膨胀系数，尤其在制造预加工件的温度下，在形变阻力基本上相等的情况下，最好具有较高的热成形能力，并且具有至少超过预加工件制造温度约90℃的软化温度，此外，必要时在预加工件中的剩余空隙(6)用惰性气体充入或者将其抽成真空。
2、按照权利要求1的复合材料部件，其特征是，密封盖（3）由一种奥氏体合金，最好由一种铬镍钢或者一种锰钢或者一种镍锰钢制成。
3、一种制造按照权利要求1或2所述的预加工件的方法，这种预加工件用于通过热成形制造复合材料部件，其特征是，在必要时经预热的管状外部构件中，置入一个比外部构件低至少50℃，较好100℃，最佳150℃的密封盖，直至温度保持平衡，然后将一个或多个，有时是粉末状的内部构件按已知的方法放入一端已封闭的外部构件中，将第二个密封盖按同样的放置方法固定在外部构件中，必要时借助于气体接口，将惰性气体充入预加工件的剩余空隙中或者将此空隙抽成真空，然后封闭气体接口。
4、按照权利要求3所述的方法，其特征是，外部构件（1）保持在室温下，温差是通过使密封盖（3）在冷却介质，如液态空气或者液态氮中冷却取得的。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA2479/88 | 1988-10-07 | ||
| AT2479/88A AT391105B (de) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Vormaterial fuer die erzeugung von verbundwerkstoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1042323A true CN1042323A (zh) | 1990-05-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89107697.2A Pending CN1042323A (zh) | 1988-10-07 | 1989-10-07 | 用以制造复合材料部件的预加工件 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5004653A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0364430A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH02122003A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1042323A (zh) |
| AT (1) | AT391105B (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI87743C (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO893933L (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2004383C1 (zh) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100436923C (zh) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-11-26 | 武汉理工大学 | 复合材料低温力矩管的制备方法 |
| CN104368804A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-25 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | 塞头与喷嘴接头的连体加工方法 |
| CN105828987A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-08-03 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 用于制造具有金属包层的燃料喷嘴坯体的方法 |
| CN105828986A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-08-03 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 用于制造包层部件的方法 |
| CN106944612A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-14 | 广东博杰特新材料科技有限公司 | 双金属管套真空烧结成型工艺及其制品 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995032819A1 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 1995-12-07 | Anval Nyby Powder Ab | Manufacturing of high alloy wire |
| US5613181A (en) * | 1994-12-21 | 1997-03-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Co-sintered surface metallization for pin-join, wire-bond and chip attach |
| US5724643A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-03-03 | Allison Engine Company, Inc. | Lightweight high stiffness shaft and manufacturing method thereof |
| US6218026B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2001-04-17 | Allison Engine Company | Lightweight high stiffness member and manufacturing method thereof |
| US6168072B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2001-01-02 | The Boeing Company | Expansion agent assisted diffusion bonding |
| US6811745B2 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-11-02 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Manufacture of annular cermet articles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CH227631A (de) * | 1941-07-16 | 1943-06-30 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundkörpern unter Verwendung von Metallpulvern. |
| US2348696A (en) * | 1941-09-19 | 1944-05-09 | Erie Enameling Company | Method of forming tanks |
| US3941570A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1976-03-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Conically capped extrusion billet |
| US4016008A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-04-05 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Clad metal tubes |
| US4015765A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1977-04-05 | Western Electric Company, Inc. | Formation and utilization of compound billet |
| GR79748B (zh) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-10-31 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | |
| US4640815A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1987-02-03 | Crucible Materials Corporation | Method and assembly for producing extrusion-clad tubular product |
| EP0283877B1 (en) * | 1987-03-25 | 1993-06-23 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of producing clad metal tubes. |
| SE460955B (sv) * | 1987-12-18 | 1989-12-11 | Kommanditbolaget Cold Isostati | Saett vid framstaellning av en roerformig pulverpresskropp samt en foer genomfoerande av saettet avsedd anordning |
| US4933141A (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1990-06-12 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Method for making a clad metal product |
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1988
- 1988-10-07 AT AT2479/88A patent/AT391105B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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1989
- 1989-09-05 EP EP89890232A patent/EP0364430A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-29 JP JP1252479A patent/JPH02122003A/ja active Pending
- 1989-10-03 NO NO89893933A patent/NO893933L/no unknown
- 1989-10-04 FI FI894694A patent/FI87743C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-05 US US07/416,676 patent/US5004653A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-06 RU SU894742126A patent/RU2004383C1/ru active
- 1989-10-07 CN CN89107697.2A patent/CN1042323A/zh active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100436923C (zh) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-11-26 | 武汉理工大学 | 复合材料低温力矩管的制备方法 |
| CN105828987A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-08-03 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 用于制造具有金属包层的燃料喷嘴坯体的方法 |
| CN105828986A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-08-03 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 用于制造包层部件的方法 |
| CN104368804A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-25 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | 塞头与喷嘴接头的连体加工方法 |
| CN104368804B (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-08-24 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | 塞头与喷嘴接头的整体加工方法 |
| CN106944612A (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-14 | 广东博杰特新材料科技有限公司 | 双金属管套真空烧结成型工艺及其制品 |
| CN106944612B (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-01-22 | 广东博杰特新材料科技有限公司 | 双金属管套真空烧结成型工艺及其制品 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02122003A (ja) | 1990-05-09 |
| FI87743B (fi) | 1992-11-13 |
| NO893933D0 (no) | 1989-10-03 |
| FI894694A (fi) | 1990-04-08 |
| AT391105B (de) | 1990-08-27 |
| RU2004383C1 (ru) | 1993-12-15 |
| ATA247988A (de) | 1990-02-15 |
| FI87743C (fi) | 1993-02-25 |
| EP0364430A1 (de) | 1990-04-18 |
| US5004653A (en) | 1991-04-02 |
| FI894694A0 (fi) | 1989-10-04 |
| NO893933L (no) | 1990-04-09 |
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