CN104226996A - Device and method for use of impeller of laser 3D (three dimensional) -printing pump - Google Patents

Device and method for use of impeller of laser 3D (three dimensional) -printing pump Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104226996A
CN104226996A CN201410435407.7A CN201410435407A CN104226996A CN 104226996 A CN104226996 A CN 104226996A CN 201410435407 A CN201410435407 A CN 201410435407A CN 104226996 A CN104226996 A CN 104226996A
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powder
cylinder
laser
pump
impeller
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CN104226996B (en
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任旭东
周王凡
袁寿其
刘厚林
卢加兴
王勇
王德顺
左成亚
吴坤
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Yangzhou (Jiangdu) New Energy Automobile Industry Research Institute of Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for the use of an impeller of a laser 3D (three dimensional) -printing pump, and belongs to the field of 3D printing technology. The device comprises a laser system, a gas protection system, a preheating system, a powder feeding system, a powder paving system, a powder recycle system and a computer system. The manufacturing method mainly comprises the following steps that 1, a CAD solid model of the pump impeller is drawn, and the model is subjected to hierarchical slicing along the Z direction; 2, the slice in each layer is zoned into a zone I and a zone II according to the performance requirements of the pump impeller; 3, the zone I of each slice layer is subjected to low-speed sintering by using powder A, and the zone II is subjected to low-speed sintering by using powder B. The surface of a workpiece and the powder flow filed are subjected to the inert gas shielding in the process of printing. According to the device and the method for the use of the impeller of the laser 3D-printing pump, different requirements of different positions of the pump impeller on mechanical performance can be met, the printing quality and speed are also improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Description

A kind of laser 3D prints the device and method of impeller of pump
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that laser 3D prints metal parts, refer to a kind of method of 3D laser printing impeller of pump especially.
Background technology
3D printing technique, design a model as source with Computerized three-dimensional, discrete and the numerical control molding system by software hierarchy, utilize the mode such as laser beam, hot melt nozzle successively to be piled up by the special materials such as metal dust, ceramic powders, plastics, cell tissue to cohere, final superposition is shaping, produces entity products.
SLS(selective laser sintering) utilize the principle of dusty material sintering under laser irradiates, piled by computer controlled preparative layer layer and form type.SLS technology is use stacked accumulation shaping equally, difference is, first it spread one deck dusty material, by material preheater to close to melting point, re-use laser to scan on this layer cross section, make powder temperature rise to melting point, then sintering is formed bonding, then the process spreading powder, sintering is constantly repeated, until complete whole model forming.
3D prints and normally adopts digital technology file printing machine to realize.Past, its field such as Making mold, industrial design of being everlasting was used to modeling, existing just gradually for the direct manufacture of some products, had had the parts using this technology to print.This technology is at jewelry, footwear, industrial design, building, engineering and construction (AEC), automobile, and Aero-Space, dentistry and medical industries, education, GIS-Geographic Information System, civil engineering, gun and other field are applied all to some extent.
Current use 3D prints same metal parts, and the parameters such as its laser power, sweep speed, dusting speed are all fixing, and the mechanical performance of the part various piece after thus shaping is almost identical.In fact, for most metal parts, the mechanical performance wanted required for the different parts of part is not identical.Traditional 3D printing model is unfavorable for the reasonable disposition of resource, and the ratio of briquetting of metal parts is low.Chinese patent application CN201310173202.1 discloses a kind of method that differentiation laser 3D prints metalwork, slicing layer is divided into three, interior China and foreign countries part, can solves the problem in any case.But this partition method is too loaded down with trivial details, a lot of metal parts, as impeller of pump, not only the mechanical performance of effects on surface proposes high request, be that also requirement will have high mechanical performance to some particular portion, in addition, also do not provide the device that can realize above-mentioned manufacture method at present.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the different parts that the object of the invention is to solve impeller of pump well for 3D printing technique in front requires mechanical performance difference, provide a kind of be easy to realize and respond well laser 3D printing equipment and method to print impeller of pump.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of laser 3D prints the device of impeller of pump, comprise laser head, powder feeder, powder shower nozzle, three freedom degree manipulator, work top, vavuum pump and enclosed cavity, described laser head is arranged on described powder shower nozzle, described powder feeder is connected with the powder hole that enters on described powder shower nozzle, described powder shower nozzle is controlled by described three freedom degree manipulator, can complete top to bottom, left and right, front and rear and move; Described work top is provided with powder-laying roller cylinder, is provided with the first collection powder cylinder, the first powder feeding cylinder, moulding cylinder, the second powder feeding cylinder and the second collection powder cylinder below described work top successively; Described laser head, described powder shower nozzle, described three freedom degree manipulator, described work top, described first are collected powder cylinder, described first powder feeding cylinder, described moulding cylinder, described second powder feeding cylinder and described second collection powder cylinder and are all positioned at described enclosed cavity, described enclosed cavity has air inlet and gas outlet, also be provided with oxygen concentration sensor in described enclosed cavity, described vavuum pump is used for vacuumizing to described enclosed cavity.
In such scheme, in described enclosed cavity, powder density sensor is also installed.
In such scheme, the lower end of described moulding cylinder is also provided with the 3rd and collects powder cylinder, is provided with shaking device between described 3rd collection powder cylinder.
In such scheme, described laser head is also connected with focusing collimator in turn, double clad mixes ytterbium ion optical fiber, fiber grating, coupler and multimode laser diode pumping source.
In such scheme, the piston end surface of described moulding cylinder is also equipped with resistance wire, is used for parts preheating to be printed.
In such scheme, described gas outlet place is connected with gas purifier.
In such scheme, described powder feeder, described three freedom degree manipulator, described vavuum pump, described powder-laying roller cylinder, described first are collected powder cylinder, described first powder feeding cylinder, described moulding cylinder, described second powder feeding cylinder and described second collection powder cylinder, described powder density sensor, described resistance wire, described multimode laser diode pumping source and are controlled by computer.
Present invention also offers a kind of method that laser 3D prints impeller of pump, comprising: A. draws the CAD physical model of impeller of pump, and carries out hierarchy slicing along Z-direction, and slice thickness is 0.3mm; B. section is scanned, divide every layer of section into I district and II district according to the performance requirement of impeller of pump; Wherein, every layer section in performance requirement high be labeled as I district, low being labeled as of performance requirement district; C. choose two kinds of different 3D printing consumables, powder A4 and powder material B, powder A is Co-based alloy powder, and powder material B is iron(-)base powder, and materials A loads in powder feeder, and powder material B puts into the first powder feeding cylinder and described second powder feeding cylinder respectively; D. vavuum pump is opened, close vavuum pump when oxygen concentration sensor records when oxygen concentration in enclosed cavity is less than 0.1pa, fill logical argon gas by air inlet toward enclosed cavity, when oxygen concentration sensor detects that in enclosed cavity, oxygen concentration is lower than 40ppm, resistance wire cell operation, pre-heating system is opened; E. powder feeder starts powder feeding, laser beam is controlled to carry out low speed sintering to the I district of the first slicing layer by computer, first slicing layer I district has sintered rear powder feeder and has stopped powder feeding, second powder feeding cylinder rising 0.8mm, the powder-laying roller bucket be positioned on the left of the second powder feeding cylinder moves right and starts to spread powder, laser beam starts to carry out high speed sintering to II district, and when on the right side of powder-laying roller bucket moves right to the first powder feeding cylinder, ground floor prints and terminates; Then powder feeder powder feeding again, the I district of laser beam to the second slicing layer carries out low speed sintering, second slicing layer I district has sintered rear powder feeder and has stopped powder feeding, first powder feeding cylinder rising 0.8mm, second powder feeding cylinder keeps motionless, powder-laying roller bucket is moved to the left and starts to spread powder, and laser beam continues to carry out high speed sintering to the II district of the second slicing layer, completes the printing of the second layer; F. judge whether part has printed, if do not complete, then moulding cylinder decline 0.3mm, and repeat step e; If printed, then open bottom moulding cylinder, shaking device is opened, and Powder Recovery is collected in powder cylinder to the 3rd; When powder concn sensor detects that in enclosed cavity, powder concn is lower than safety value, take out part.
In the step e of said method, when laser beam is controlled to carry out low speed sintering to the I district of the first slicing layer by computer, described laser power is 2500w, and sweep speed is 8mm/s, powder feed rate 10g/min, and sweep length is 2mm.
In the step e of said method, laser beam start to II district carry out high speed sinter time, laser power is 2000w, and sweep speed is 4mm/s, and powder feed rate is 20g/min, and sweep length is 3mm.
Compared to present 3D Method of printing, the advantage of method of the present invention is: (1) is according to the technical requirement of impeller of pump, science subregion is carried out to the section of impeller of pump, use different materials to different subregions, different powder feed rates sinters, the laser frequency of employing and speed are also different.Have reasonable mechanical performance after materials A sintering, the mechanical performance after material B sintering is general.By this device and method printable go out impeller of pump can meet its mechanical property requirements, there is outstanding surface property.(2) whole device is by computer system centralized Control, simple to operate, is easy to realize.This device and method can improve print speed simultaneously, saving resource, reduces and prints cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the zoning plan of impeller of pump of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-argon gas source, 2-powder input port, 3-powder feeder, 4-powder A, 5-focusing collimator, 6-double clad mixes ytterbium ion optical fiber, 7-fiber grating, 8-coupler, 9-multimode laser diode pumping source, 10-three freedom degree manipulator, 11-powder density sensor, 12-moulding cylinder, 13-powder material B, 14-first powder feeding cylinder, 15-first collects powder cylinder, 16-the 3rd collects powder cylinder, 17-metal parts, 18-protector plate for glass, 19-laser head, 20-enters powder hole, 21-laser beam, 22-resistance wire unit, 23-piston, 24-second powder feeding cylinder, 25-powder-laying roller cylinder, 26-second collects powder cylinder, 27-vavuum pump, 28-gas purifier, 29-oxygen concentration sensor, 30-computer, 31-air inlet, 32-gas outlet, 33-powder shower nozzle, 34, work top, 35, enclosed cavity.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with instantiation, the present invention is more specifically described in detail.
A kind of laser 3D prints the device of impeller of pump, as shown in Figure 1, comprise laser head 19, powder feeder 3, powder shower nozzle 33, three freedom degree manipulator 10, work top 34, vavuum pump 27 and enclosed cavity 35, described laser head 19 is arranged on described powder shower nozzle 33, laser head 19 is connected with focusing collimator 5 in turn, double clad mixes ytterbium ion optical fiber 6, fiber grating 7, coupler 8 and multimode laser diode pumping source 9.Described powder feeder 3 is connected with the powder hole 20 that enters on described powder shower nozzle, described powder feeder 3 has powder input port 2, powder feeder 3 is connected with argon gas source 1, be used for as powder feeder 3 provides power, described powder shower nozzle 33 is controlled by described three freedom degree manipulator 10, can complete top to bottom, left and right, front and rear and move; Described work top 34 is provided with powder-laying roller cylinder 25, is provided with the first collection powder cylinder 15, first powder feeding cylinder 14 successively, powder cylinder 26 collected by moulding cylinder 12, second powder feeding cylinder 24 and second below described work top 34; Piston 23 end face of moulding cylinder is also equipped with resistance wire unit 22, be used for parts preheating to be printed, the lower end of moulding cylinder 12 is also provided with the 3rd and collects powder cylinder 16, be provided with shaking device between described 3rd collection powder cylinder 16, remaining powder vibrations can be recovered to the 3rd after having printed and collect in powder cylinder 16; Described laser head 19, described powder shower nozzle 33, described three freedom degree manipulator 10, described work top 34, described vavuum pump 27, described first are collected powder cylinder 15, described first powder feeding cylinder 14, described moulding cylinder 12, described second powder feeding cylinder 24 and described second collection powder cylinder 26 and are all positioned at described enclosed cavity 35; Described powder feeder 3, described resistance wire unit 22, described shaking device, described three freedom degree manipulator 10, described vavuum pump 27, described powder-laying roller cylinder 25, described first are collected powder cylinder 15, described first powder feeding cylinder 14, described moulding cylinder 12, described second powder feeding cylinder 24 and described second collection powder cylinder 26, described powder density sensor 11, described resistance wire 22, described multimode laser diode pumping source (9) and are controlled by computer 30.Described enclosed cavity 35 has air inlet 31 and gas outlet 32, gas outlet 32 place is connected with gas purifier 28, purify in advance before being used for the gas in enclosed cavity 35 to discharge, oxygen concentration sensor 29 and powder density sensor 11 are also installed in described enclosed cavity 35.
Above-mentioned laser 3D prints the method that impeller of pump device carries out printing, and comprising: A. draws the CAD physical model of impeller of pump, and carries out slicing delamination along Z-direction, and slice thickness is 0.3mm; B. section is scanned, divide every layer of section into I district and II district according to the performance requirement of impeller of pump; Wherein, every layer section in performance requirement high be labeled as I district, low being labeled as of performance requirement district; C. choose two kinds of different 3D printing consumables, powder A4 and powder material B 13, powder A4 is Co-based alloy powder, and powder material B 13 is iron(-)base powder, and materials A 4 loads in powder feeder 3, and powder material B 13 puts into the first powder feeding cylinder 14 and described second powder feeding cylinder 24 respectively; D. vavuum pump 27 is opened, vavuum pump 27 is closed when oxygen concentration sensor 29 records when oxygen concentration in enclosed cavity is less than 0.1pa, logical argon gas is filled toward enclosed cavity 35 by air inlet 31, when oxygen concentration sensor detects that in enclosed cavity, oxygen concentration is lower than 40ppm, resistance wire 22 is energized, and pre-heating system is opened; E. powder feeder 3 starts powder feeding, laser beam 21 is controlled to carry out low speed sintering to the I district of the first slicing layer by computer 30, first slicing layer I district has sintered rear powder feeder 3 and has stopped powder feeding, second powder feeding cylinder 24 rises 0.8mm, the powder-laying roller bucket 25 be positioned on the left of the second powder feeding cylinder 24 moves right and starts to spread powder, laser beam 21 starts to carry out high speed sintering to II district, and when on the right side of powder-laying roller bucket 25 moves right to the first powder feeding cylinder 14, ground floor prints and terminates; Then powder feeder 3 powder feeding again, the I district of laser beam 21 to the second slicing layer carries out low speed sintering, second slicing layer I district has sintered rear powder feeder 3 and has stopped powder feeding, first powder feeding cylinder 14 rises 0.8mm, second powder feeding cylinder 24 keeps motionless, powder-laying roller bucket 25 is moved to the left and starts to spread powder, and laser beam 21 continues to carry out high speed sintering to the II district of the second slicing layer, completes the printing of the second layer.Laser power is 2000w, and sweep speed is 4mm/s, and powder feed rate is 20g/min, and sweep length is 3mm.F. judge whether part has printed, if do not complete, then moulding cylinder 12 declines 0.3mm, and repeats step e; Be provided with shaking device bottom moulding cylinder 12, after whole printing terminates, open bottom moulding cylinder 12, shaking device activates, and Powder Recovery is collected in powder cylinder 16 to the 3rd; When powder concn sensor 11 detects that in enclosed cavity, powder concn is lower than safety value, take out part.
Generally, impeller for blade and the performance requirement of inner surface that is connected with axle higher, thus two, the surface part contacted with axle when I district installs primarily of impeller blade and impeller is formed, the surface contacted with axle when wherein impeller is installed can extend to the region towards radial depth 4mm, remaining region is II district, and its radial depth is about 80mm.Resistance wire unit 22 mainly contains resistance wire and temperature control equipment composition, can design some temperature sensors so that automatically control in enclosed cavity 35.Be provided with shaking device bottom moulding cylinder 12, after whole printing terminates, open bottom moulding cylinder 12, shaking device activates, and is convenient to reclaim powder.
Impeller of pump is a kind of metal parts more special to mechanical property requirements, adopt apparatus of the present invention and method to manufacture impeller, not only can meet its performance requirement, especially surface property, and the speed of printing can be improved, the recovery for material is also more satisfactory.The 3D that the inventive method is also adapted to the special metal parts of some other structural requirement prints.

Claims (10)

1. the device of a laser 3D printing impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, comprise laser head (19), powder feeder (3), powder shower nozzle (33), three freedom degree manipulator (10), work top (34), vavuum pump (27) and enclosed cavity (35), described laser head (19) is arranged on described powder shower nozzle (33), described powder feeder (3) is connected with the powder hole (20) that enters on described powder shower nozzle, described powder shower nozzle (33) is controlled by described three freedom degree manipulator (10), can complete top to bottom, left and right, front and rear and move, described work top (34) is provided with powder-laying roller cylinder (25), and described work top (34) below is provided with the first collection powder cylinder (15), the first powder feeding cylinder (14), moulding cylinder (12), the second powder feeding cylinder (24) and the second collection powder cylinder (26) successively, described laser head (19), described powder shower nozzle (33), described three freedom degree manipulator (10), described work top (34), described first collects powder cylinder (15), described first powder feeding cylinder (14), described moulding cylinder (12), described second powder feeding cylinder (24) and described second is collected powder cylinder (26) and is all positioned at described enclosed cavity (35), described enclosed cavity (35) has air inlet (31) and gas outlet (32), oxygen concentration sensor (29) is also installed in described enclosed cavity (35), described vavuum pump (27) is used for vacuumizing to described enclosed cavity (35).
2. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 1 prints the device of impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, is also provided with powder density sensor (11) in described enclosed cavity (35).
3. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 2 prints the device of impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, the lower end of described moulding cylinder (12) is also provided with the 3rd and collects powder cylinder (16), and the described 3rd collects powder cylinder (16) is provided with shaking device.
4. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 3 prints the device of impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, described laser head 19 is also connected with focusing collimator (5) in turn, double clad mixes ytterbium ion optical fiber (6), fiber grating (7), coupler (8) and multimode laser diode pumping source (9).
5. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 4 prints the device of impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, piston 23 end face of described moulding cylinder is also equipped with resistance wire unit (22), is used for parts preheating to be printed.
6. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 5 prints the device of impeller of pump, and it is characterized in that, described gas outlet (32) place is connected with gas purifier 28.
7. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 6 prints the device of impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, described powder feeder (3), described three freedom degree manipulator (10), described vavuum pump (27), described powder-laying roller cylinder (25), described first collects powder cylinder (15), described first powder feeding cylinder (14), described moulding cylinder (12), powder cylinder (26) collected by described second powder feeding cylinder (24) and described second, described powder density sensor (11), described resistance wire (22), described multimode laser diode pumping source (9) is all connected with computer (30).
8. laser 3D prints a method for impeller of pump, comprising:
A. draw the CAD physical model of impeller of pump, and carry out hierarchy slicing along Z-direction, slice thickness is 0.3mm;
B. section is scanned, divide every layer of section into I district and II district according to the performance requirement of impeller of pump; Wherein, every layer section in performance requirement high be labeled as I district, low being labeled as of performance requirement district;
C. two kinds of different 3D printing consumables are chosen, powder A(4) and powder material B (13), powder A(4) be Co-based alloy powder, powder material B (13) is iron(-)base powder, materials A (4) loads in powder feeder (3), and powder material B (13) puts into the first powder feeding cylinder (14) and described second powder feeding cylinder (24) respectively;
D. vavuum pump (27) is opened, vavuum pump (27) is closed when oxygen concentration sensor (29) records when oxygen concentration in enclosed cavity is less than 0.1pa, logical argon gas is filled toward enclosed cavity (35) by air inlet (31), when oxygen concentration sensor detects that in enclosed cavity, oxygen concentration is lower than 40ppm, resistance wire (22) is energized, and pre-heating system is opened;
E. powder feeder (3) starts powder feeding, laser beam (21) is controlled to carry out low speed sintering to the I district of the first slicing layer by computer (30), first slicing layer I district has sintered rear powder feeder (3) and has stopped powder feeding, second powder feeding cylinder (24) rising 0.8mm, the powder-laying roller bucket (25) being positioned at the second powder feeding cylinder (24) left side moves right and starts to spread powder, laser beam (21) starts to carry out high speed sintering to II district, when powder-laying roller bucket (25) moves right to the first powder feeding cylinder (14) right side, ground floor prints and terminates; Then powder feeder (3) powder feeding again, the I district of laser beam (21) to the second slicing layer carries out low speed sintering, second slicing layer I district has sintered rear powder feeder (3) and has stopped powder feeding, first powder feeding cylinder (14) rising 0.8mm, second powder feeding cylinder (24) keeps motionless, powder-laying roller bucket (25) is moved to the left and starts to spread powder, and laser beam (21) continues to carry out high speed sintering to the II district of the second slicing layer, completes the printing of the second layer;
F. judge whether part has printed, if do not complete, then moulding cylinder (12) decline 0.3mm, and repeat step e; If printed, then moulding cylinder (12) bottom has been opened, and shaking device is opened, and Powder Recovery is collected in powder cylinder (16) to the 3rd; When powder concn sensor (11) detects that in enclosed cavity, powder concn is lower than safety value, take out part.
9. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 8 prints the method for impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, when in step e, laser beam (21) is controlled to carry out low speed sintering to the I district of the first slicing layer by computer (30), described laser power is 2500w, sweep speed is 8mm/s, powder feed rate 10g/min, sweep length is 2mm.
10. a kind of laser 3D according to claim 9 prints the method for impeller of pump, it is characterized in that, in step e laser beam (21) start to II district carry out high speed sinter time, laser power is 2000w, sweep speed is 4mm/s, and powder feed rate is 20g/min, and sweep length is 3mm.
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