CN101391302A - Entirety quick manufacture method of hot isostatic pressing metal wrapps - Google Patents
Entirety quick manufacture method of hot isostatic pressing metal wrapps Download PDFInfo
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- CN101391302A CN101391302A CNA2008101972289A CN200810197228A CN101391302A CN 101391302 A CN101391302 A CN 101391302A CN A2008101972289 A CNA2008101972289 A CN A2008101972289A CN 200810197228 A CN200810197228 A CN 200810197228A CN 101391302 A CN101391302 A CN 101391302A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an integral rapid manufacturing method of a hot isostatic pressing metal sheath, comprising the steps: (1) a CAD three-dimensional model of the metal sheath is designed by adopting three-dimensional molding software, and is then processed by slicing software and saved as an STL file, and the data information of the STL file is transmitted to an SLM rapid forming machine; (2) a forming chamber is vacuumized; (3) a metal powder layer is spread on a work platform flatly; (4) a semiconductor pumping YAG laser or a fiber laser is adopted to scan the metal powder positioned at the boundary of the slice layer, and the powder material at the boundary is melted; and (5) the step (3) and the step (4) are repeated until the compact sheath is manufactured. Powder inlet holes can be reserved on the sheath when designing the three-dimensional model of the sheath, so as to facilitate the subsequent processes such as powder filling, compaction by vibration, vacuum pumping and encapsulation. The sheath is compact and has a controllable shape, and can form parts with any complex shapes and structures, and can realize the high utilization rate of material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to part forming and make the field, be specifically related to a kind of whole fast manufacturing method of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) metal jacket.
Background technology
(Hot isostatic pressing is to utilize HTHP load to realize the preparation of dusty material and the process of part forming HIP) to high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP).Particularly, utilize this technology can realize the whole near-net-shape of precious metal powder parts such as pottery, carbide alloy, composite, titanium nickel, the mechanical property of its part is with suitable with the material forging, dimensional accuracy can reach 0.1mm, and stock utilization surpasses 90%, has waste of material hardly.In this technology, moulding material is a pulverulence, and high-temperature high-pressure medium is a gas.In order to realize the suppression of high temperature and high pressure gas to dusty material, need to make special metal jacket, the cladding powder material enters powder inside with shroud gas; Simultaneously, also can serve as the role of mould, to reach the purpose of the final part shape of control.
Russia studies high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) near-net-shape technology the earliest, and utilizes this method to produce the complex partses such as the turbine disk of aero-engine, obtains practical application.Originally, make the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket and be mainly machine-tooled method.Utilize machine-tooled method to make the metal jacket of parts such as the complicated turbine disk as Muscovite LNT (Laboratory of New Technology) laboratory.But machine-tooled method often needs progressively to produce the different parts of jacket, takes welding to wait method of attachment to be spliced into an integral body then, and the whole process cycle is long, and waste material is very serious.Practical application according to French new energy technology and nano material Creative Lab shows, the cost that utilizes machine-tooled method to make the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket surpasses 60% of the total manufacturing cost of part, very big limited applying of this method.For this reason, manufacturing process such as some research unit's research castings and metal injection are made the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket.Compare with machine-tooled method, this manufacturing process can be realized the monolithic molding of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket, and the manufacturing cycle shortens, and stock utilization obtains bigger raising.But this manufacturing process often needs to make special mould, thereby has strengthened the jacket manufacturing cost.In recent years, some researchers begin to attempt utilizing RP technique need not to make high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) metal jacket under the condition of mfg. moulding die fast, at low cost.Kinzoku Giken company selective laser sintering (Selective LaserSintering, SLS) the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket of technology manufacturing impeller as Japan.Detailed process is, at first utilizes the SLS method by be shaped the complicated part of impeller of sintering metal powder successively, connects the mild steel jacket part of other simple shapes then by welding method, forms the metal jacket of integrally closed.But this kind technology just utilizes quick forming method to make complicated partial structurtes in the jacket, then each partial structurtes is spliced into integral body, and needs to remove jacket by methods such as acid etchings after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), and technology is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and operation easier is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of whole fast manufacturing method of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) metal jacket, this method can realize the integral body of any complicated shape jacket, quick and low-cost the manufacturing.
The whole fast manufacturing method of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) metal jacket provided by the invention, its step comprises:
(1) adopts 3D sculpting software to design the CAD 3D model of metal jacket, save as stl file after handling by section software then, the data message of stl file is transported to selective laser fusing fast forming machine;
(2) working chamber to selective laser fusing fast forming machine vacuumizes;
(3) metal dust of tiling one deck on workbench, the thickness of metal dust is 0.02-0.1mm, particle diameter is 10-60 μ m;
(4) adopt semiconductor pumped YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or the CO of laser power more than or equal to 100W
2Laser instrument, laser facula are 10-250 μ m, and sweep speed is 30-200mm/s, and sweep span is 0.03-0.07mm, this layer section place metal dust are scanned the dusty material of fusing section place;
(5) repeat above-mentioned steps (3)~(4), until making the metal jacket.
Problem at various high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket manufacture methods existence in the prior art, the present invention proposes to utilize selective laser fusing (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) technology is passed through deposite metal powder successively, realize the integrally-built near-net-shape of any complicated high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) jacket, its manufacturing cycle is shortened, and manufacturing cost reduces.Particularly, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) can the be shaped part of any complicated shape structure has been removed the restriction that conventional method is difficult to make complicated jacket.
(2) owing under vacuum environment, melt or sintering product, guaranteed that the inner no gas of SLM product exists, even need the filling powder, high vacuum is also carried out in jacket inside, thereby guarantee that follow-up heat and other static pressuring processes can carry out smoothly, to make the part of required form and density.
(3) jacket that makes is fine and close, and the jacket shape is controllable, has avoided the design deviation that jacket brought, and therefore can guarantee the accessory size that final high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) is shaped.
(4) if the jacket and the inner powder that adopt are commaterials, need not to remove jacket behind the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), avoided sheath material, realized the material high usage the pollution of part and the technical process of part disengaging jacket.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an impeller jacket three-dimensional model diagram;
Fig. 2 has the impeller jacket three-dimensional model diagram of powder entering hole for design;
Fig. 3 is that certain one deck jacket is made schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
The present invention utilizes selective laser fusing SLM RP technique, the powder part shell that will make is carried out 3-D scanning, thereby shell is fused into DB, and inside still is the powder of pine dress, fine and close sealing shell plays the jacket effect in hot isostatic pressing, thus the gas of blocking-up external high temperature high pressure.In hot isostatic pressing, the part of can once-forming required labyrinth.
If improve the density of the inner powder of jacket or want filling and the powder of outside jacket different materials, then can on the jacket that SLM makes, reserve a powder inlet, caliber size is as the criterion to be fit to clear powder and filling powder with reference to the powder particle size.After jacket completes, can be by filling powder, ram-jolt, vacuumize with packaging technology jacket is sealed, to finish the making of metal jacket.In this technical process,, and seal the influence of jacket global shape less though the subsequent processes slightly complicated of jacket can be made the jacket of complicated shape.Need behind the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) to remove jacket, just can obtain final part, the dimensional accuracy that improves the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) part is had bigger improvement, can satisfy the requirement that the different materials heat and other static pressuring processes is handled but only need carry out simple machined by methods such as acid etchings.
Example 1:
(1) at first according to the distortion situation of SLM product through occurring behind the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt the CAD 3D model before 3D sculpting software (as UG, Pro/E etc.) is designed metal jacket high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), this model is the housing of sealing, be impeller jacket threedimensional model as accompanying drawing 1, save as stl file after handling by section software then, the data message of stl file is transported to the SLM fast forming machine.
(2) working chamber to the SLM fast forming machine vacuumizes.
(3) the powder feeding mechanism layer thickness that tiles on workbench is 60 μ m, and particle diameter is 304 powder of stainless steel of 20 μ m.
(4) adopt semiconductor pumped YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or the CO2 laser instrument of laser power more than or equal to 100W, laser facula is 30 μ m, sweep span is 0.06mm, sweep speed is 100mm/s, metal dust to this layer section place scans, dusty material with fusing section place makes it relative density greater than 95%.Can adopt dual mode to handle to the metal dust that is positioned at this layer inside, a kind of is not carry out laser scanning, is unfused pine dress powder; Another kind is the laser beam that adopts the same process parameter, is scanned into the network structure that spacing is 2mm, and inner relative density is about 60%, is the laser scanning part as accompanying drawing 3 inner cross hatch.Because blade is very thin, so blade-section all sinters DB into, center hollow cylinder part is a sintering housing parts then, utilizes the stl file control of laser sintered housing parts by threedimensional model.
(5) repeat above-mentioned steps (3)~(4), until making the SLM product that complete a, relative density is about 60% metal dust greater than 95% closure casing and inner relative density.
Metal jacket and inner powder that this method is made are commaterials, promptly obtain final required part behind the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), need not to remove jacket.
Example 2:
(1) at first according to the distortion situation of SLM product through occurring behind the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), adopt the CAD 3D model before 3D sculpting software (as UG, Pro/E etc.) is designed metal jacket high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), this model is the housing of band opening, reserve the powder entering hole of a 1~2mm on the jacket, be the impeller jacket threedimensional model of band powder inlet as accompanying drawing 2, save as stl file after handling by section software then, the data message of stl file is transported to the SLM fast forming machine.
(2) working chamber to the SLM fast forming machine vacuumizes.
(3) the powder feeding mechanism layer thickness that tiles on workbench is 60 μ m, and particle diameter is No. 45 powdered steel of 20 μ m.
(4) adopt semiconductor pumped YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or the CO2 laser instrument of laser power more than or equal to 100W, laser facula is 30 μ m, sweep span is 0.06mm, sweep speed is 100mm/s, metal dust to this layer section place scans, dusty material with fusing section place makes it relative density greater than 95%.
(5) after the shell jacket completes, inner powder is gone out clearly by powder inlet.Utilize Tig weldering (Tungsten Inert Gas, inert gas tungsten electrode protection weldering) to reserve No. 45 steel steel pipes of a same diameter in the welding of powder entering hole place at the top then.Utilize leak test plant leak detections such as electric spark or helium mass spectrometer leak detector, guarantee that the commissure seals, to guarantee carrying out smoothly of follow-up evacuation process.
(6) metal dust that will be shaped to the jacket inner filling (as the Ti powder) by steel pipe, powder mean particle sizes is 50 μ m, differentiated powder size more can improve the density of powder.Simultaneously, vibration is with the ram-jolt powder, and till can not continuing filling, the density of inner powder can reach about 70%.
(7) utilize high vacuum pump jacket inside to be vacuumized processing, filter screen is set, be drawn in the vavuum pump to prevent powder at steel pipe and vavuum pump junction by steel pipe.The speed of evacuation of beginning will more slowly prevent the flow perturbation powder particle, when vacuum is lower than 1 * 10
-4In the time of Pa, the heating steel pipe, the limit vacuumizes the banding mouth, thereby guarantees that the inner final vacuum of jacket reaches 1 * 10
-3Pa.
Because the steel pipe aperture is very little, and is very little to the influence that big jacket integral body is brought, so the jacket that can accurately be shaped.Jacket need utilize method removals such as acid etching, and the part behind the high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) only need carry out simple machined and get final product.
Fig. 1 is according to the final size that will make part, the impeller jacket three-dimensional model diagram of the dimensional contraction design behind the consideration high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP).This impeller pattern is a hollow housing, and the thickness of shell of design is the zone of scanning fusing on the SLM fast forming machine with laser, and inner hollow space is the metal dust of pine dress.Fig. 2 is for design has the impeller jacket three-dimensional model diagram of powder entering hole, treat that the shell jacket completes after, can carry out the follow-up processing etc. that vacuumizes by this powder entering hole.Fig. 3 makes in the impeller housing process for utilizing SLM, the shape of certain one deck slice plane, except that inner mesh and center hollow part, other parts are the fine and close housing of laser scanning fusing gained, inner mesh partly adopts the laser scanning of identical parameters, to improve the density of inner pine dress powder.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of whole fast manufacturing method of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) metal jacket, its step comprises:
(1) adopts 3D sculpting software to design the CAD 3D model of metal jacket, save as stl file after handling by section software then, the data message of stl file is transported to selective laser fusing fast forming machine;
(2) working chamber to selective laser fusing fast forming machine vacuumizes;
(3) metal dust of tiling one deck on workbench, the thickness of metal dust is 0.02-0.1mm, particle diameter is 10-60 μ m;
(4) adopt semiconductor pumped YAG laser instrument, optical fiber laser or the CO of laser power more than or equal to 100W
2Laser instrument, laser facula are 10-250 μ m, and sweep speed is 30-200mm/s, and sweep span is 0.03-0.07mm, the metal dust of this layer section place are scanned the dusty material of fusing section place;
(5) repeat above-mentioned steps (3)~(4), until making the metal jacket.
2, method for fast mfg according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between step (4) and the step (5), carry out following processing:
Laser instrument reticulates structure to the metal dust in the slice boundaries along netted track selective scanning.
3, method for fast mfg according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when threedimensional model is made, reserve powder entering hole on the metal jacket, so that carry out follow-up filling powder, ram-jolt, vacuumize and technology such as encapsulation.
4, method for fast mfg according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the powder forming material is extensive, as long as can make the metal dust that satisfies the SLM forming requirements, all can utilize SLM to be shaped.
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CNA2008101972289A CN101391302A (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2008-10-10 | Entirety quick manufacture method of hot isostatic pressing metal wrapps |
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Cited By (26)
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CN102126023A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-07-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) forming method for titanium (Ti) alloy blisk |
CN102172774A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-09-07 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Selective laser sintering scanning method |
CN102503083A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 华中科技大学 | Isostatic pressing near-net-shape forming method easy for removing mold core for manufacturing glass |
CN102773479A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-14 | 黑龙江科技学院 | Near-net-shape forming method of refractory metal part |
EP2551040A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Method of manufacturing a component by hot isostatic pressing |
CN103008657A (en) * | 2013-01-13 | 2013-04-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing oxide dispersion strengthened alloy by rapid forming |
CN104057087A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-09-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | Method for controlling even shrinkage of powder containing sheath in hot isostatic pressing process |
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