CN104220767A - 止推凸缘及止推板组合件 - Google Patents

止推凸缘及止推板组合件 Download PDF

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CN104220767A
CN104220767A CN201280044646.9A CN201280044646A CN104220767A CN 104220767 A CN104220767 A CN 104220767A CN 201280044646 A CN201280044646 A CN 201280044646A CN 104220767 A CN104220767 A CN 104220767A
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thrust
bearing
rolling element
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E·W·普莱瑟
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Davis Standard LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/4688—Cages for rollers or needles with rolling elements with smaller diameter than the load carrying rollers, e.g. cages with counter-rotating spacers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2522—Shaft or screw supports, e.g. bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2561—Mounting or handling of the screw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2564—Screw parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/10—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/30—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for axial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F16C33/3893—Ball cages with rolling elements with smaller diameter than the load carrying balls, e.g. cages with counter-rotating spacers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种止推轴承组件(40)包括一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘(10)，其具有整体圆筒状的柱体部(22)、截头锥体部(29)和贯穿柱体部(22)及截头锥体部(29)的通孔(12)。该通孔(12)具有第一通孔部分(14)和第二通孔部分(16)，第一和第二通孔部分(14，16)之间形成唇边(21)。第一通孔部分(14)、第二通孔部分(16)和唇边(21)用于容纳止推轴(20)及承载由其传来的轴向推力。止推轴承组件(40)包括一轴承组件与该一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘(10)可操作式连接。该轴承组件支撑止推轴(20，120)转动且包括多个第一滚动体(26，126)。该轴承组件还包括用于保持第一滚动体(26，126)的轴承保持架(46，146)以及设于轴承保持架(46，146)和止推轴(20，120)之间的多个第二滚动体(150)。

Description

止推凸缘及止推板组合件
技术领域
本发明涉及止推轴承，尤其涉及一种用于支撑螺杆式挤出机转轴的旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件以及使用该旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件的止推轴承组件。
背景技术
一般而言，挤出机的工作原理为，先利用旋转的螺杆将熔融状态下的物料经料筒推出。其中，所述物料依附于螺杆的螺纹之上并因此随螺杆移出料筒。在料筒的末端通常设有截流装置，例如，可使移出料筒后的物料形成特定形状的成型模具。在移出料筒后，所述物料进一步在螺杆所施加力的作用下流出所述截流装置。在此过程中，螺杆对物料的所施加的作用力以及物料流经所述截流装置的动作均产生强的反作用力，而这些反作用力最终都被传送至驱动及支撑所述螺杆的装置上。
挤出机螺杆通常安装于作为齿轮箱输出轴的止推轴上。该止推轴一般由数个滚子轴承支撑，而上述反作用力最终被一个设置于所述止推轴上的止推轴承所吸收。止推轴承一般由两片止推板以及夹持于其间的一系列滚动体组成。所述止推板和滚动体可将上述挤出机物料加工过程中产生的反作用力传递给齿轮减速器箱体。由于此类反作用力相对较大，现有止推板的强度一般难以承载，因此在使用时需要经常对止推板进行更换。
图1为现有齿轮箱的结构示意图。如图所示，该齿轮箱包括止推轴凸缘36，其用于加强与止推轴20相接触的旋转止推板34，并使止推板34上的推力载荷分布得更加均匀。在使用过程中，推力先沿图1中箭头T所示方向通过止推轴20的外围唇边42传递至止推轴凸缘36，其后止推轴凸缘36再进一步将此力传递给止推轴承41。此凸缘及止推轴承结构的缺点在于，必须使用相互独立的止推轴凸缘36和止推板34，从而容易产生加工和/或装配误差，并且当止推轴凸缘36和止推板34的接触面35和37之间没有精确装配时会增加局部受力集中的可能性。此外，独立构件的止推轴凸缘36使得上述挤出机齿轮箱38的制造成本较高。针对现有技术的上述缺点，需要开发一种可适用于图1所示现有齿轮箱38的一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件。
发明内容
本发明提供一种止推轴承组件，其包括一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘。所述一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘包括：整体呈圆筒状的一柱体部，所述柱体部定义有一旋转底面和一侧面；一截头锥体部，所述截头锥体部定义有一截头圆锥面和一底面。所述一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘还包括一通孔贯穿所述柱体部和截头锥体部。所述通孔的延伸方向大致垂直于所述旋转底面，所述通孔具有第一通孔部分和第二通孔部分，所述第二通孔部分靠近所述旋转底面且其直径小于所述第一通孔部分的直径，所述第一通孔部分和第二通孔部分之间形成一唇边，其中，所述第一通孔部分、第二通孔部分和唇边用于容纳一止推轴并承载从该止推轴传来的轴向推力。
所述止推轴承组件还包括一轴承组件，与所述柱体部以可操作方式连接。所述轴承组件支撑所述止推轴转动且包括多个第一滚动体以及一轴承保持架，用于保持所述多个第一滚动体。所述止推轴承组件还包括一固定板，具有贯穿该固定板的一通道，所述通道与所述第二通孔部分相匹配且所述通道容纳所述止推轴，所述固定板与所述轴承组件相接合。此外，在所述轴承保持架和止推轴之间设置有多个第二滚动体，用于支撑所述轴承保持架绕所述止推轴转动。
在本发明的另一方面，所述第二滚动体为针状滚动轴承。此外，所述第二滚动体还可以由另一轴承保持架保持。
附图说明
虽然本发明各实施方式的新颖性特征具体阐明于下附各权利要求中，但是通过参考以下描述及附图，可对涉及本发明结构和制造流程的具体实施方式获得最好的理解。
图1为具有止推轴承41的现有齿轮箱38的侧面剖视图，其中，止推轴承41具有一由现有止推轴凸缘36加强的旋转止推板34。
图2为本发明一实施例中具有止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件10的止推轴承40的侧面剖视图。
图3为本发明止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件10的底面透视图。
图4为图3所示止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件10的侧视图。
图5为图3所示止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件10的仰视图。
图6为图1中轴承保持架46的俯视图。
图7为根据本发明另一实施例的具有旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件10的止推轴承40的部分侧面剖视图。
图8为图7中轴承保持架46'的俯视图。
图9为通孔内设有轴承的轴承保持架一实施例的俯视图。
图10为图9所示轴承保持架设置于止推轴上时的侧面剖视图。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，本发明提供一种止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件（本说明书中也称一种旋转缘板组合件），以标号10表示。所述旋转缘板组合件10代替图1所示的现有旋转止推凸缘36和止推板34。所述旋转缘板组合件10具有一整体呈圆筒状的本体11，其包括整体呈圆筒状的柱体部22；一截头锥体部29；以及贯穿所述柱体部和截头锥体部的一通孔12。所述柱体部22具有一旋转底面24以及一侧面23。所述截头锥体部29具有一截头锥面28以及一底面30。通孔12从旋转底面24贯穿柱体部22和截头锥体部29延伸至截头锥体部29的底面30。
从图4和图5可进一步清楚地看出，通孔12由第一通孔部分14以及第二通孔部分16构成，在所述第一通孔部分14和第二通孔部分16的交界处18定义有一唇边21。优选地，通孔12的延伸方向大致平行于侧面23，但更加重要的是，通孔12的延伸方向垂直于旋转底面24。第二通孔部分16处于靠近旋转底面24的一侧，第二通孔部分的直径小于第一通孔部分14的直径。
截头锥体部29自其与柱体部22相接处逐渐向内延伸。可选地，如图4所示，截头锥面28以与侧面23形成一大约为230度夹角的方式延伸。此外，优选地，旋转底面24适用于与一止推轴承组件40的滚动体26相接合。
在操作过程中，挤出机所产生的如图2中被标注为箭头“T”的推力先施加至止推轴20上，该止推轴与一挤出机螺杆（未图示）相连接。然后这些推力再经止推轴20的一外围唇边42传递给缘板组合件10。缘板组合件10的刚度以及承载能力取决于其厚度和所使用材质。
如图2和图7所示，本发明还提供用于支撑止推轴20的止推轴承组件40。所述止推轴承组件40包括所述缘板组合件10，一固定板32以及滚动体26，所述滚动体例如可以是柱型滚动体。滚动体26均匀分布于缘板组合件10和固定板32之间。
固定板32整体呈圆盘状且具有一固定孔44贯穿其中。所述固定孔44与缘板组合件10的第二通孔部分16相匹配。固定板32具有一固定底面33，所述固定底面33适用于与所述滚动体26相接合。滚动体26均匀分布于缘板组合件10和固定板32之间。
此外，优选地，止推轴承组件40还包括一轴承保持架46，用于将滚动体26保持到位，以保证缘板组合件10可自由地径向运动。如图2所示，滚动体26可以为圆柱状或针状等滚动轴承。用于保持滚动体26的轴承保持架46如图6所示。此外，如图7和图8所示，也可以使用滚珠轴承26'以及滚珠轴承保持架46'。可以理解的是，本发明不限于上述各种具体滚动体和轴承保持架。上述所有轴承保持架的形状均与所述固定板和旋转缘板组合件的形状相匹配，并且穿过轴承保持架和固定板的通孔均与旋转缘板组合件10的第二通孔部分16相匹配。
本发明的一个优点在于，与图1所示止推轴承等现有止推轴承相比，本发明止推轴承组件的构件较少，因而易于维护。
本发明的另一个优点在于，与现有技术中的旋转止推板与止推凸缘相比，本发明旋转缘板组合件10可以相同材料实现更高的刚度或更大的承载能力。同样的，本发明的止推轴承组件40也具有更大的承载能力。
图9和图10所示的轴承保持架类似于图2和图6所示的轴承保持架。因此，其中相类似的构件均采用相应构件的标记数字前加1的形式标注。如图9和图10所示，第一轴承保持架146具有一保持架本体147，其上定义有多个兜孔149，例如8个，用于容纳和保持第一滚动体，如圆柱形滚柱轴承126（图9中未示出）。第一轴承保持架146由位于止推轴与第一轴承保持架内表面所形成的通孔152之间的多个第二滚动体150以可转动的方式设置于止推轴120上。虽然图9所示实施例中设置于止推轴120和第一轴承保持架146之间的第二滚动体150为16个，但在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，可使用任意数目的第二滚动体150。在一实施例中，第二滚动体150可以为针形滚动体，在另一实施例中，第二滚动体150由第二轴承保持架（未图示）以可转动的方式保持于预定位置，所述预定位置包括，例如，围绕止推轴120周围的均匀相隔的位置。所述多个第二滚动体150能够减少第一轴承保持架146和止推轴120之间的摩擦力和磨损，此外，所述多个第二滚动体150还能够支撑第一轴承保持架146的重量以利于其绕止推轴120转动。
应该理解的是，本发明的范围并不局限于上述各事实例，而是包含下述各权利要求范围内的所有实施方式。因此，以上描述应该理解为对本发明的例示性描述而非限制性描述。

Claims (8)

1.一种止推轴承组件，其特征在于，包括：
一体式止推板及止推轴凸缘，包括：
整体呈圆筒状的一柱体部，所述柱体部定义有一旋转底面和一侧面；
一截头锥体部，所述截头锥体部定义有一截头锥面和一底面；
一通孔，贯穿所述柱体部和截头锥体部，
所述通孔的延伸方向大致垂直于所述旋转底面，所述通孔具有第一通孔部分和第二通孔部分，所述第二通孔部分靠近所述旋转底面且其直径小于所述第一通孔部分的直径，所述第一通孔部分和第二通孔部分之间形成一唇边，其中，所述第一通孔部分、第二通孔部分和唇边用于容纳一止推轴并承载从该止推轴传来的轴向推力；
一轴承组件，与所述柱体部以可操作方式连接且支撑所述止推轴转动，所述轴承组件包括多个第一滚动体以及一轴承保持架，用于保持所述多个第一滚动体；
一固定板，具有贯穿该固定板的一通道，所述通道与所述第二通孔部分相匹配且所述通道容纳所述止推轴，所述固定板与所述轴承组件相接合；以及
多个第二滚动体，设置于所述轴承保持架和止推轴之间，用于支撑所述轴承保持架绕所述止推轴转动。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件，其特征在于，所述第二滚动体为针状滚动轴承。
3.如权利要求1所述的止推轴承组件，其特征在于，所述多个第二滚动体保持于另一轴承保持架内。
4.如权利要求1所述的旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件，其特征在于，所述通孔的延伸方向大致平行于所述柱体部的侧面。
5.如权利要求1所述的旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件，其特征在于，所述截头锥体部的截头圆锥面的延伸方向与所述柱体部的侧面形成约为230度的一夹角。
6.如权利要求1所述的旋转止推板及止推轴凸缘组合件，其特征在于，所述旋转底面直接接合所述轴承组件的第一滚动体。
7.如权利要求1所述的止推轴承组件，其特征在于，所述第一滚动体包括滚珠。
8.如权利要求1所述的止推轴承组件，其特征在于，所述旋转底面直接接合所述第一滚动体。
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