CN104205588A - 电阻尼器 - Google Patents

电阻尼器 Download PDF

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CN104205588A
CN104205588A CN201380018103.4A CN201380018103A CN104205588A CN 104205588 A CN104205588 A CN 104205588A CN 201380018103 A CN201380018103 A CN 201380018103A CN 104205588 A CN104205588 A CN 104205588A
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transmission device
magnetic field
excitation winding
damper
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CN104205588B (zh
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M·威莱姆斯
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Audi AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1853Rotary generators driven by intermittent forces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/14Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers accumulating utilisable energy, e.g. compressing air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/015Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
    • B60G17/0152Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit
    • B60G17/0157Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit non-fluid unit, e.g. electric motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/03Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • F16F15/035Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using magnetic or electromagnetic means by use of eddy or induced-current damping
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/04Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving coil systems and stationary magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1892Generators with parts oscillating or vibrating about an axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/20Type of damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/11Mounting of sensors thereon
    • B60G2204/116Sensors coupled to the suspension arm
    • B60G2204/1162Sensors coupled to the suspension arm directly mounted on the suspension arm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12Mounting of springs or dampers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/143Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/50Electric vehicles; Hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/60Vehicles using regenerative power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/45Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for motor vehicles, e.g. car alternators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于阻尼第一物块和第二物块之间的相对运动的电阻尼器(10),包括能够由物块运动驱动的发电机(26)。本发明的特征在于,除了设置在发电机(26)中的、用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置(18)外,还设有用于产生次级磁场的另一励磁绕组(24),其中,所述另一励磁绕组(24)设置成:使得所述初级磁场和所述次级磁场具有相反定向的场力线。

Description

电阻尼器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述类型的、用于阻尼第一物块和第二物块之间的相对运动的电阻尼器/缓冲器。
背景技术
由德国专利文献DE 101 15 858 A1公开了在使用发电机的情况下用于对第一物块和第二物块之间的相对运动进行阻尼的电阻尼器的基本工作原理。发电机以公知的方式包括定子和能够相对于该定子转动的转子以及相应的磁场产生装置,其中,在转子相对于定子转动时,由于在磁场中的转动运动会感生出电流,由此也就获得了能量。也就是说,一方面由在磁场中进行转动运动时所获得的能量导致阻尼运动,另一方面该能量以在发电机方面产生的电流的形式得以利用,该电流能够相应供给到车载电网中。DE 101 15 858 A1还公开了在两个阻尼器组件之间设置有将直线运动转换成旋转运动的传动装置。因为由旋转运动所感生的电流与速度成比例,所以根据DE 101 15 858 A1的阻尼器的阻尼力线也成比例变化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,这样进一步改进根据权利要求1的前序部分所述类型的、用于阻尼/缓冲在第一物块和第二物块之间的相对运动的电阻尼器,使得对于高阻尼器速度,阻尼力特性曲线具有递减的走向。
该目的由权利要求1的特征部分的特征结合其前序部分特征得以实现。
从属权利要求构成了本发明的有利的改进方案。
用于阻尼第一物块和第二物块之间的相对运动的电阻尼器以公知的类型和方式具有可由物块运动驱动的发电机。
根据本发明,除了对于在发电机中产生感应所必须的初级的磁场产生装置外,还设有用于产生次级磁场的另一励磁绕组,其中,所述另一励磁绕组这样设置和通电,使得所述初级磁场和次级磁场具有相反定向的场力线。
通过根据本发明设置另一励磁绕组及其相应的配置,能够影响初级磁场的场强,也就是说,能够影响在转动运动中感生的电流并因此影响阻尼特性曲线的走向。由此,在根据本发明的阻尼器中能够以特别有利的方式调整阻尼特性曲线,也就是还能够实现递减的特性曲线走向。
优选的是,用于传导感生电流的电导体和所述额外的励磁绕组这样相互连接,使得只有在感生电流超出预先确定的阈值时,感生电流的一部分才被供给到所述另一励磁绕组中。由此确保了从某一可预先确定的值起,给所述另一励磁绕组通电,这又会导致磁场减弱并因此导致递减的特性曲线走向。
优选的是,所述磁场产生装置设计为用于他激的励磁绕组或者设计为用于自激的永磁元件。
根据本发明的一种特别有利实施形式,所述发电机被内置到传动装置中。由此能够以有利的方式影响或调整发电机的定子和转子之间的相对运动。
所述传动装置能以不同的方式构成,例如可以构造为谐波传动装置,或者构造为行星齿轮传动装置,或者构造为摆线传动装置。
本发明的其它优点、特征和应用可能性由下面结合在附图中所示的实施例的描述说明得出。
附图说明
下面借助附图所示的实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
在说明书、权利要求和附图中使用在下面所附的附图标记清单中所使用的术语和附图标记。
附图示出:
图1示出了机动车悬架的杆件,具有内置到杆件的孔中的根据本发明的电阻尼器;
图2示出图1所示的根据本发明的阻尼器的俯视图;
图3示出图2所示的根据本发明的电阻尼器的分解示图;
图4示出另一励磁绕组的连接配置结构;
图5示出在机动车车轴区域中的根据本发明的阻尼器的一种可能的安装状态的原理图;
图6示出根据本发明的阻尼器的另一实施形式的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了用于机动车的机动车悬架的杆件100。该杆件100具有孔110,整体以附图标记10表示的阻尼器内置或集成在该孔中。
从图2可以看出,阻尼器10设计为行星齿轮传动装置的形式并且包括设计为内齿轮的第一传动装置元件12以及设计为太阳轮的第二传动装置元件14。设计为内齿轮的第一传动装置元件12在此在其外周上被固定地支承在杆件100的孔110中。设计为内齿轮的第一传动装置元件12在内周上具有为清楚起见未示出的内齿。设置在中间的、设计为太阳轮的第二传动装置元件14通过三个行星齿轮16与带有内齿的内齿轮12通过分别设置在太阳轮和行星齿轮上的、在此为清楚起见未示出的外齿以啮合的方式接合。
因此,由杆件100的摆动运动所引起的、设计为内齿轮的第一传动装置元件12的转动运动以已知的方式导致设计为太阳轮的第二传动装置元件14的被传动的、转动方向上相反的转动运动。
如图2进一步所示,阻尼器10还包括多个设置在内齿轮中、也就是设置在第一传动装置元件12中的、用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置18。此外,设计为太阳轮的第二传动装置元件14具有带有电枢绕组20的、电枢22形式的突起部。也就是说,发电机内置到行星齿轮传动装置中,其中,设计为内齿轮的第一传动装置元件12起到定子的作用,设计为太阳轮的第二传动装置元件14起到转子的作用,从而以公知的类型和方式在电枢22在初级磁场中转动运动时,在电枢绕组20中感生出电流。
阻尼效应的基础在于,转子,也就是第二传动装置元件14在初级磁场中转动,其中,从系统获取的能量并不会流失,而是大部分通过感生出电流被重新收回。
如图3所示,此外还设有另一励磁绕组24,通过该另一励磁绕组能够产生次级磁场。该额外的励磁绕组24与设置在第一传动装置元件12上的、用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置18串联布置。在此,这样选择额外的励磁绕组24的布置以及通过所述另一励磁绕组24的电流流通方向,使得次级磁场的场力线与初级磁场的场力线方向相反。
在图4中示意性地示出了所述另一励磁绕组的电路。在根据图4的示意图中,附图标记18代表用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置,附图标记24代表用于产生次级磁场的另一励磁绕组,以及附图标记26表示发电机。
在发电机26中通过与初级磁场的相互作用感生出电流,该电流通过电路输出到两个端子28。这些端子例如可以连接到车载电网上。
当达到晶体管30上所需的开关电压时,才用电流加载所述另一励磁绕组24。在达到该开关点时,晶体管30打开并且使所述另一励磁绕组24通电,这又导致次级磁场的建立。由于所述的配置结构和所选择的、通过另一励磁绕组24的电流流通方向,次级磁场的场力线与所述初级磁场的场力线相反地定向。也就是说,有效作用的励磁磁场被削弱,从而实现了递减的阻尼力走向。
图5中示出了一种可能的安装情况。作为机动车的一部分示出了车轮120以及轮架130,在轮架上设有滑杆140,该滑杆例如与杆件100相连。该杆件100以可绕转动轴D转动的方式支承,其中,根据本发明的阻尼器10位于转动轴上。
当然还可以考虑将阻尼器10直接内置或集成到一个或两个横向导臂150的转动悬架中。在任何情况下,定子——也就是第一传动装置元件12——始终与驱动器连接,该第一传动装置元件是从动元件,而转子——也就是第二传动装置元件14——始终是被驱动的元件。现在,如果车轮120内摆或外摆,那么会使杆件100运动从而绕转轴D转动,由此以公知的方式驱动根据本发明的阻尼器10。
在图6中所示的阻尼器10中,杆件100与发电机的转子14直接相连。也就是说,杆件100的摆动运动导致转子14的直接的转动运动。
转子14具有绕组20。此外,在转子14外部还设有用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置18。该初级磁场产生装置18当前设计为永磁铁。现在,以公知的类型和方式通过转子的转动运动在绕组20中感生出电流。
如从图6进一步可知,除了感应所须的、用于产生励磁磁场的磁场产生装置18外,还设有另一励磁绕组24,通过该另一励磁绕组能够产生次级磁场。在此,这样选择所述额外的励磁绕组24的配置以及通过另一励磁绕组24的电流流通方向,使得初级磁场和次级磁场的场力线相反地定向。
其结果是有效作用的励磁磁场减弱,也就是说,通过控制经过另一励磁绕组24的电流,可以针对性地调整递减阻尼力走向。
附图标记清单
10 阻尼器
12 第一传动装置元件/定子
14 第二传动装置元件/转子
16 行星轮
18 用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置
20 绕组/电枢绕组
22 电枢
24 用于产生次级磁场的另一励磁绕组
26 发电机
28 端子
30 晶体管
100 杆件
110 孔
120 车轮
130 轮架
140 滑杆
150 横向导臂
D   转动点

Claims (7)

1.一种用于阻尼第一物块和第二物块之间的相对运动的电的阻尼器(10),该阻尼器包括能由物块运动驱动的发电机(26),其特征在于,除了设置在发电机(26)中的、用于产生初级磁场的磁场产生装置(18)外,还设有用于产生次级磁场的另一励磁绕组(24),其中,所述另一励磁绕组(24)设置成:使得所述初级磁场和所述次级磁场具有相反定向的场力线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼器(10),其特征在于,存在于发电机(26)中的、用于传导感生电流的电导体与所述另一励磁绕组(24)连接成:使得只有在超出预先规定的阈值时,才将感生电流的一部分供给到所述另一励磁绕组(24)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻尼器(10),其特征在于,所述磁场产生装置设计为用于他激的励磁绕组或者设计为用于自激的永磁元件。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的阻尼器(10),其特征在于,所述发电机(26)内置到传动装置中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阻尼器(10),其特征在于,所述传动装置设计为谐波传动装置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的阻尼器(10),其特征在于,所述传动装置设计为行星齿轮传动装置。
7.根据权利要求4所述的阻尼器(10),其特征在于,所述传动装置设计为摆线传动装置。
CN201380018103.4A 2012-04-05 2013-03-27 电阻尼器 Expired - Fee Related CN104205588B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012007120A DE102012007120A1 (de) 2012-04-05 2012-04-05 Elektrischer Dämpfer
DE102012007120.5 2012-04-05
PCT/EP2013/000914 WO2013149710A1 (de) 2012-04-05 2013-03-27 Elektrischer dämpfer

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CN104205588A true CN104205588A (zh) 2014-12-10
CN104205588B CN104205588B (zh) 2016-12-07

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DE102012007120A1 (de) 2013-10-10
US20150054290A1 (en) 2015-02-26
US9300188B2 (en) 2016-03-29
WO2013149710A1 (de) 2013-10-10

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