CN104193940A - 一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN104193940A
CN104193940A CN201410428856.9A CN201410428856A CN104193940A CN 104193940 A CN104193940 A CN 104193940A CN 201410428856 A CN201410428856 A CN 201410428856A CN 104193940 A CN104193940 A CN 104193940A
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polyester polyol
mass parts
montmorillonite
organosilicon
type polyurethane
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CN104193940B (zh
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刘伟区
夏侯国论
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Guoke Guanghua Nanxiong New Materials Research Institute Co ltd
Guangzhou Chemical Co Ltd of CAS
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Guangzhou Chemical Co Ltd of CAS
Nanxiong Material Production Base of Guangzhou Chemical Co Ltd of CAS
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Abstract

本发明属于高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法与应用。所述的聚氨酯弹性体包含以下组分:100质量份聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、0.5~100质量份异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、1~40质量份聚酯多元醇、0.5~15质量份有机蒙脱土、0.1~1.5质量份消泡剂、0~5质量份扩链剂,2~15质量份固化剂;本发明采用有机硅和蒙脱土共同改性聚氨酯,可综合有机硅、蒙脱土和聚氨酯的优异性能,从而使材料同时具有优异的表面性能、耐热性和良好的力学性能等多种性能。

Description

一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
聚氨酯弹性体是介于从橡胶到塑料的一类高分子材料,具有良好的机械性能、耐磨性、耐疲劳性、耐油性、耐老化等,具有广泛的用途,可用于实心轮胎、印刷、胶辊、垫圈球节、衬套轴承、鞋底齿轮等。但是其内生热大,不耐高温、易燃、表面性能和介电性能差,因而限制了其在某些领域的应用。
有机硅具有低表面能、耐高低温、耐候性、疏水性、电绝缘性等特点。用有机硅改性聚氨酯,可使材料兼具有机硅和聚氨酯的优异性能,从而扩大聚氨酯材料的使用范围。虽然有机硅可提高聚氨酯的疏水性、耐热性等性能,但其通常会降低材料的力学性能。
蒙脱土(MMT)由约1nm厚的硅酸盐片层组成,用十八烷基三甲基溴化铵等阳离子交换剂可与蒙脱土层内的阳离子进行离子交换,得到有机蒙脱土(OMMT)。聚氨酯与有机蒙脱土能够达到纳米级复合,两者之间具有很强的作用力,且插层进入蒙脱土片层之间的聚氨酯分子链受到了蒙脱土片层极大的阻隔作用和限制作用,从而提高复合材料的力学性能、耐热性等。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的应用。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,包含以下组分:100质量份聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、0.5~100质量份异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、1~40质量份聚酯多元醇、0.5~15质量份有机蒙脱土、0.1~1.5质量份消泡剂、0~5质量份扩链剂,2~15质量份固化剂;
所述的聚酯多元醇为平均官能度等于或大于3且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇、庚二酸系聚酯多元醇、辛二酸系聚酯多元醇、戊二酸系聚酯多元醇、癸二酸系聚酯多元醇、乙二酸系聚酯多元醇、丁二酸系聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、顺酐聚酯多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇和对苯聚酯多元醇和无规聚酯多元醇中的至少一种;
所述的聚酯多元醇优选为平均官能度等于或大于3且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇和聚己内酯多元醇中的至少一种;
所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、环己二醇、对苯二甲酸二羟乙酯和三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚中的至少一种;
所述的扩链剂优选为1,4-丁二醇;
所述的消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和矿物油类消泡剂中的一种;
所述的消泡剂优选为有机硅消泡剂;
所述的固化剂为二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300)、3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)、二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA,Ethacure100)、3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯乙酸异丙酯(CuA-60)和4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基-3-氯苯胺)(MCDEA)中的一种;
所述的固化剂优选为二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300);
所述聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将7~80质量份多异氰酸酯和100质量份聚酯多元醇混合,在75℃~90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应3~10h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
所述多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)和多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(PAPI)中的一种;
所述多异氰酸酯优选为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的一种;
所述的聚酯多元醇为平均官能度等于或大于2且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇、庚二酸系聚酯多元醇、辛二酸系聚酯多元醇、戊二酸系聚酯多元醇、癸二酸系聚酯多元醇、乙二酸系聚酯多元醇、丁二酸系聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、顺酐聚酯多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇、对苯聚酯多元醇、无规共聚酯多元醇中的至少一种;
所述的聚酯多元醇优选为平均官能度等于或大于2且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇和聚己内酯多元醇中的至少一种;
所述的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将0.7~70质量份多异氰酸酯、100质量份双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.05~0.5质量份有机金属催化剂混合,在75℃~95℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应4~10h;
所述的多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(PAPI)中的至少一种;
所述的多异氰酸酯优选为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的至少一种;
所述的双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为平均分子量为500~50000的羟烃基封端聚硅氧烷和硅羟基封端聚硅氧烷中的一种;
所述的有机金属催化剂为有机锡催化剂和有机锌催化剂中的一种;
所述的有机金属催化剂优选为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯;
所述的有机蒙脱土的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将10质量份离子交换容量为50~150mmol/100g钠基蒙脱土加入200质量份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将2~10质量份阳离子交换剂溶解在20~100质量份无水乙醇中,然后加入上述钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于20~90℃下搅拌4~20h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,然后将滤饼于60~120℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325~1250目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
所述的阳离子交换剂为含12~18碳的碳链的伯胺盐酸盐、含12~18碳的碳链的仲胺盐酸盐、含12~18碳的碳链的叔胺的盐酸盐和含12~18碳的碳链的季铵盐中的一种;
所述的阳离子交换剂优选为十八烷基三甲基氯化铵;
所述的AgNO3溶液的浓度优选为0.1mol/L;
所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)100质量份聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、0.5~100质量份异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、1~40质量份聚酯多元醇、0.5~15质量份有机蒙脱土、0~5质量份扩链剂、0.1~1.5质量份消泡剂混合,搅拌0.5~2h后,研磨均匀;
(2)在步骤(1)的混合体系中再加入2~15质量份固化剂,混合均匀后浇注在模具中,然后80~100℃固化10~20h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体;
步骤(1)中所述的研磨均匀优选用三辊机研磨均匀;
步骤(2)中所述的模具优选为GB1040-79标准测试的模具;
步骤(1)中所述的聚酯多元醇为平均官能度等于或大于3且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇、庚二酸系聚酯多元醇、辛二酸系聚酯多元醇、戊二酸系聚酯多元醇、癸二酸系聚酯多元醇、乙二酸系聚酯多元醇、丁二酸系聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、顺酐聚酯多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇和对苯聚酯多元醇和无规聚酯多元醇中的至少一种;
步骤(1)中所述的聚酯多元醇优选为平均官能度等于或大于3且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇和聚己内酯多元醇中的至少一种;
步骤(1)中所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、环己二醇、对苯二甲酸二羟乙酯和三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚中的至少一种;
步骤(1)中所述的扩链剂优选为1,4-丁二醇;
步骤(1)中所述的消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和矿物油类消泡剂中的一种;
步骤(1)中所述的消泡剂优选为有机硅消泡剂;
步骤(2)中所述的固化剂为二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300)、3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)、二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA,Ethacure100)、3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯乙酸异丙酯(CuA-60)和4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基-3-氯苯胺)(MCDEA)中的一种;
步骤(2)中所述的固化剂优选为二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300);
步骤(1)中所述聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将7~80质量份多异氰酸酯和100质量份聚酯多元醇混合,在75℃~90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应3~10h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
所述多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)和多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(PAPI)中的一种;
所述多异氰酸酯优选为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的一种;
所述的聚酯多元醇为平均官能度等于或大于2且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇、庚二酸系聚酯多元醇、辛二酸系聚酯多元醇、戊二酸系聚酯多元醇、癸二酸系聚酯多元醇、乙二酸系聚酯多元醇、丁二酸系聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、顺酐聚酯多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇、对苯聚酯多元醇、无规共聚酯多元醇中的至少一种;
所述的聚酯多元醇优选为平均官能度等于或大于2且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇和聚己内酯多元醇中的至少一种;
步骤(1)中所述的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将0.7~70质量份多异氰酸酯、100质量份双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.05~0.5质量份有机金属催化剂混合,在75℃~95℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应4~10h;
所述的多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(PAPI)中的至少一种;
所述的多异氰酸酯优选为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的至少一种;
所述的双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为平均分子量为500~50000的羟烃基封端聚硅氧烷和硅羟基封端聚硅氧烷中的一种;
所述的有机金属催化剂为有机锡催化剂和有机锌催化剂中的一种;
所述的有机金属催化剂优选为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯;
步骤(1)中所述的有机蒙脱土的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将10质量份离子交换容量为50~150mmol/100g钠基蒙脱土加入200质量份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将2~10质量份阳离子交换剂溶解在20~100质量份无水乙醇中,然后加入上述钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于20~90℃下搅拌4~20h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,然后将滤饼于60~120℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325~1250目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
所述的阳离子交换剂为含12~18碳的碳链的伯胺盐酸盐、含12~18碳的碳链的仲胺盐酸盐、含12~18碳的碳链的叔胺的盐酸盐和含12~18碳的碳链的季铵盐中的一种;
所述的阳离子交换剂优选为十八烷基三甲基氯化铵;
所述的AgNO3溶液的浓度优选为0.1mol/L;
本发明制备得到的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体具有优异的表面性能、耐热性和良好的力学性能等多种性能,可被广泛应用于制备径赛跑道、垫圈球节、衬套轴承、鞋底、旱冰鞋轮、胶辊、齿轮、筛板、摇床、实心轮胎、汽车安全气囊等。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)采用有机硅和蒙脱土共同改性聚氨酯,可综合有机硅、蒙脱土和聚氨酯的优异性能,从而使材料同时具有优异的表面性能、耐热性和良好的力学性能等多种性能。
(2)将聚氨酯预聚体、多官能度的聚酯多元醇、有机蒙脱土等混合,插层,既可以达到很好的插层效果,又可以避免单体插层法在本体聚合中易发生的暴聚。
(3)本发明所述复合材料的制备方法操作简单,工艺条件易于控制,原料便宜易得,能耗低,适宜工业化生产;且除了水和乙醇,未使用其他溶剂,对环境无污染,符合“绿色材料”的发展方向。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入17.4g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和100g平均分子量为2000,羟值为54~58的聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇,在75℃下搅拌反应5h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的1000mL三口瓶中,加入12g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、500g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(硅羟基封端,平均分子量为15000)和0.5g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应6h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为145mmol/100g的钠基蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将5g十二烷基二甲基胺盐酸盐溶解在50g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于20℃下高速搅拌20h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于60℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、15g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、5g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、20g平均分子量为3000,羟值为50~55的聚己二酸乙二醇三羟甲基丙烷酯多元醇、0.1g有机硅消泡剂在室温混合搅拌0.5h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入7g二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温80℃的烘箱中固化20h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为98.5度,最大热失重温度为365.2℃,断裂伸长率为392%,拉伸强度为13.24MPa,硬度为81HA。
实施例2
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入17g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和100g平均分子量为2000,羟值为55~58的聚己内酯二元醇,在85℃下搅拌反应6h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的1000mL三口瓶中,加入5g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、750g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(硅羟基封端,平均分子量为50000)和0.7g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在95℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应5h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将100g阳离子交换容量为120mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀后,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将4g十四烷基胺盐酸盐溶解在40g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于40℃下高速搅拌18h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于75℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、30g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、10g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、30g平均分子量为1500,羟值为110~116的聚己内酯三元醇、1g乙二醇、0.3g有机硅消泡剂在室温混合搅拌0.5h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入9g液态3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化15h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为105度,最大热失重温度为373.2℃,断裂伸长率为433%,拉伸强度为15.40MPa,硬度为79.5HA。
实施例3
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入67g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和100g平均分子量为500,羟值为220~230的聚碳酸酯二元醇,在75℃下搅拌反应10h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入9g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、200g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(硅羟基封端,平均分子量为10000)和0.8g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在85℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应7h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为90mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀后,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将9g双十八烷基仲胺盐酸盐溶解在90g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于60℃下高速搅拌15h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于100℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、20g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、将15g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、40g平均分子量为2000,羟值为110~114的聚碳酸酯多元醇、3g己二醇、0.4g有机硅消泡剂在室温混合搅拌1.5h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入8g 3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯乙酸异丙酯(CuA-60),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化20h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为99.5度,最大热失重温度为365.6℃,断裂伸长率为342%,拉伸强度为10.92MPa,硬度为70.5HA。
实施例4
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入7g多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(PAPI)和100g平均分子量为6000,羟值为16~20的聚辛二酸一缩二乙二醇酯二醇,在75℃下搅拌反应10h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入10g熔化的二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、100g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(羟烃基封端,平均分子量为5000)和0.2g辛酸锌,在75℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应10h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为50mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀后,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将2g十八烷基三甲基氯化铵溶解在20g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于70℃下高速搅拌13h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于100℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过1250目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、50g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、0.5g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、1g平均分子量为5000,羟值为43~47的聚庚二酸乙二醇三羟甲基丙烷酯多元醇、2g1,4-丁二醇、3g环己二醇和0.7g有机硅消泡剂在室温混合搅拌2h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入2g4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基-3-氯苯胺)(MCDEA),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温100℃的烘箱中固化10h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为106度,最大热失重温度为371.9℃,断裂伸长率为365%,拉伸强度为10.2MPa,硬度为69.5HA。
实施例5
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入80g对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)和100g平均分子量为400,羟值为275~285的聚癸二酸丁二醇酯二醇,在75℃下搅拌反应8h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入11g对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、100g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(羟烃基封端,平均分子量为3000)和0.2g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在95℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应4h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为80mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀后,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将4.5g十二烷基三甲基氯化铵溶解在45g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于80℃下高速搅拌12h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于110℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过800目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、10g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、2g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、5g聚己二酸乙二醇三羟甲基丙烷酯多元醇和0.9g矿物油类消泡剂在室温混合搅拌2h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入7g二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化20h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为94.5度,最大热失重温度为378.4℃,断裂伸长率为493%,拉伸强度为25.7MPa,硬度为92.5HA。
实施例6
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入57g苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、100g平均分子量为1000,羟值为166~170的聚丁二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯三元醇,在80℃下搅拌反应8h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入19g苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、100g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(羟烃基封端,平均分子量为2000)和0.1g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应4h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为130mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将10g十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶解在100g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于90℃下高速搅拌6h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于120℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过625目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、0.5g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、12g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、25g分子量为4500,羟值为35~39的聚己二酸丙三醇酯三元醇和1.1g矿物油类消泡剂在室温混合搅拌2h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入12g液态3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化15h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为83度,最大热失重温度为378.3℃,断裂伸长率为377%,拉伸强度为22.4MPa,硬度为84.5HA。
实施例7
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入41.5g 1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、100g平均分子量为1000、羟值为135~140的顺酐乙二醇甘油酯多元醇,在80℃下搅拌反应4h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入32g 1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)、100g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(羟烃基封端,平均分子量为1000)和0.5g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在85℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应6h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为140mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将8.5g十四烷基三甲基溴化铵溶解在85g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于85℃下高速搅拌4h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于100℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过425目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、80g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、8g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、20g平均分子量为1500,羟值为102~106的聚丁二酸乙二醇三羟甲基丙烷酯多元醇和1.3g矿物油类消泡剂在室温混合搅拌2h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入14g二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化12h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为106.5度,最大热失重温度为384.5℃,断裂伸长率为447%,拉伸强度为32.4MPa,硬度为96HA。
实施例8
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入26g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、60g平均分子量为1000,羟值为110~115的对苯聚酯多元醇、40g分子量为4500,羟值为35~39的聚己二酸丙三醇酯三元醇,在90℃下搅拌反应3h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入70g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、100g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(羟烃基封端,平均分子量为500)和0.05g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应4h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为150mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将10g双(十八烷基)二甲基溴化铵溶解在100g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于75℃下高速搅拌7h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于85℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过400目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
(4)有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备:将100g步骤(1)制得的聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、100g步骤(2)制得的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、9g步骤(3)制得的有机蒙脱土、20g平均分子量为1000,羟值为195~200的苯酐聚酯多元醇和1.5g有机硅消泡剂在室温混合搅拌2h后,用三辊机研磨均匀,再加入15g二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA,Ethacure100),混合均匀后浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化15h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。测得其水接触角为107度,最大热失重温度为380.6℃,断裂伸长率为459%,拉伸强度为21.5MPa,硬度为89.5HA。
对比实施例1
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入17.4g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和100g平均分子量为2000,羟值为54~58的聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇,在75℃下搅拌反应5h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体A;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的1000mL三口瓶中,加入12g甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、500g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(硅羟基封端,平均分子量为15000)和0.5g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应6h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷B;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将10g阳离子交换容量为145mmol/100g的钠基蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将5g十二烷基二甲基胺盐酸盐溶解在50g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于20℃下高速搅拌20h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于60℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325目筛,得到有机蒙脱土C;
(4)根据表1配比(A为聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;B为异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;C为有机蒙脱土;D为平均分子量为3000,羟值为50~55的聚己二酸乙二醇三羟甲基丙烷酯多元醇;E为有机硅消泡剂;F为二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA,Ethacure300)),将A、B、C、D和E在室温混合搅拌0.5h后,用三辊机研磨均匀后加入F,混合均匀,浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温80℃的烘箱中固化20h,得到不同配比的聚氨酯弹性体。
表1
表1对比实施例1各原料配比和终产物性能比较
通过表1可以看出,在材料中加入有机硅后,其水接触角和最大热失重温度明显升高,而其断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和硬度出现下降。材料中同时加入有机硅和蒙脱土后,其最大热失重温度进一步升高,而其断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和硬度明显提高。此对比实施例说明有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的疏水性能、耐热性和力学性能比纯聚氨酯弹性体和有机硅改性聚氨酯弹性体的相应性能明显提高。
对比实施例2
(1)聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的500mL三口瓶中,加入17g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和100g平均分子量为2000,羟值为55~58的聚己内酯二元醇,在85℃下搅拌反应6h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体A;
(2)异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计、氮气导管的1000mL三口瓶中,加入5g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、750g双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(硅羟基封端,平均分子量为50000)和0.7g二丁基锡二月桂酸酯,在95℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应5h,制得异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷B;
(3)有机蒙脱土的制备:在装有机械电动搅拌器、温度计的500mL三口瓶中,将100g阳离子交换容量为120mmol/100g的蒙脱土加入200g去离子水中,搅拌均匀后,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将4g十四烷基胺盐酸盐溶解在40g无水乙醇中,然后加入上述蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于40℃下高速搅拌18h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用0.1mol/L的AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,将滤饼于75℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325目筛,得到有机蒙脱土C;
(4)根据表2配比(A为聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体;B为异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷;C为有机蒙脱土;D为平均分子量为1500,羟值为110~116的聚己内酯三元醇;E为有机硅消泡剂;F为液态3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)),将A、B、C、D和E在室温混合搅拌0.5h后,用三辊机研磨均匀后加入F,混合均匀,浇注在标准模具中,然后在恒温90℃的烘箱中固化15h,得到不同配比的聚氨酯弹性体。
表2对比实施例2各原料配比以及终产物性能比较
通过表2可以看出,在材料中加入有机硅后,其水接触角和最大热失重温度明显升高,而其断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和硬度出现下降。材料中同时加入有机硅和蒙脱土后,其最大热失重温度进一步升高,而其断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和硬度明显提高。此对比实施例说明有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的疏水性能、耐热性和力学性能比纯聚氨酯弹性体和有机硅改性聚氨酯弹性体的相应性能明显提高。
以上实施例中各性能测试方法如下:
水接触角采用JC2000D接触角测量仪(上海中晨数字技术设备有限公司)测量,测试所用水为超纯水,每个样品测试5个点,取平均值。
TG采用德国耐驰TG209F3-布鲁克TENSOR 27热重-红外联用分析仪测试,N2气氛,升温速率10℃/min。
断裂伸长率和拉伸强度采用RGM-3030微机控制电子万能试验机(深圳瑞格尔仪器有限公司)按GB1040-79标准测试。
硬度采用AS-120A邵氏硬度计(广州安妙仪器有限公司)测试,每个样品测试5个点,取平均值。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于包含以下组分:100质量份聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、0.5~100质量份异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、1~40质量份聚酯多元醇、0.5~15质量份有机蒙脱土、0.1~1.5质量份消泡剂、0~5质量份扩链剂,2~15质量份固化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述的聚酯多元醇为平均官能度等于或大于3且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇、庚二酸系聚酯多元醇、辛二酸系聚酯多元醇、戊二酸系聚酯多元醇、癸二酸系聚酯多元醇、乙二酸系聚酯多元醇、丁二酸系聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、顺酐聚酯多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇和对苯聚酯多元醇和无规聚酯多元醇中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、环己二醇、对苯二甲酸二羟乙酯和三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚中的至少一种;
所述的消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂和矿物油类消泡剂中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述的固化剂为二甲硫基甲苯二胺、3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、二乙基甲苯二胺、3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯乙酸异丙酯和4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二乙基-3-氯苯胺)中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将7~80质量份多异氰酸酯和100质量份聚酯多元醇混合,在75℃~90℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应3~10h,制得聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯和多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯中的一种;
所述的聚酯多元醇为平均官能度等于或大于2且平均分子量为400~6000的己二酸系聚酯多元醇、庚二酸系聚酯多元醇、辛二酸系聚酯多元醇、戊二酸系聚酯多元醇、癸二酸系聚酯多元醇、乙二酸系聚酯多元醇、丁二酸系聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、顺酐聚酯多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇、对苯聚酯多元醇、无规共聚酯多元醇中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述的异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将0.7~70质量份多异氰酸酯、100质量份双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和0.05~0.5质量份有机金属催化剂混合,在75℃~95℃和氮气保护下搅拌反应4~10h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述的多异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、萘-1,5-二异氰酸酯、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯中的至少一种;
所述的双端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为平均分子量为500~50000的羟烃基封端聚硅氧烷和硅羟基封端聚硅氧烷中的一种;
所述的有机金属催化剂为有机锡催化剂和有机锌催化剂中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体,其特征在于:
所述的有机蒙脱土的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
将10质量份离子交换容量为50~150mmol/100g钠基蒙脱土加入200质量份去离子水中,搅拌均匀,得到钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系;将2~10质量份阳离子交换剂溶解在20~100质量份无水乙醇中,然后加入上述钠基蒙脱土和水的混合体系中,于20~90℃下搅拌4~20h后抽滤,滤饼用去离子水洗,直至滤液用AgNO3溶液检测无沉淀,然后将滤饼于60~120℃真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末,过325~1250目筛,得到有机蒙脱土;
所述的阳离子交换剂为含12~18碳的碳链的伯胺盐酸盐、含12~18碳的碳链的仲胺盐酸盐、含12~18碳的碳链的叔胺的盐酸盐和含12~18碳的碳链的季铵盐中的一种。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述的有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于包含如下步骤:
(1)100质量份聚酯型聚氨酯预聚体、0.5~100质量份异氰酸酯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、1~40质量份聚酯多元醇、0.5~15质量份有机蒙脱土、0~5质量份扩链剂、0.1~1.5质量份消泡剂混合,搅拌0.5~2h后,研磨均匀;
(2)在步骤(1)的混合体系中再加入2~15质量份固化剂,混合均匀后浇注在模具中,然后80~100℃固化10~20h,得到有机硅/蒙脱土复合改性聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体。
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CN116041658A (zh) * 2023-02-27 2023-05-02 广东安拓普聚合物科技有限公司 一种减震材料及其制备方法

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CN116041658A (zh) * 2023-02-27 2023-05-02 广东安拓普聚合物科技有限公司 一种减震材料及其制备方法
CN116041658B (zh) * 2023-02-27 2023-09-15 广东安拓普聚合物科技有限公司 一种减震材料及其制备方法

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