CN104185568A - 具有车载充电单元的电力供电车辆 - Google Patents

具有车载充电单元的电力供电车辆 Download PDF

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CN104185568A
CN104185568A CN201280060447.7A CN201280060447A CN104185568A CN 104185568 A CN104185568 A CN 104185568A CN 201280060447 A CN201280060447 A CN 201280060447A CN 104185568 A CN104185568 A CN 104185568A
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voltage
output
power supply
control system
current
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奥列格·格里戈里耶维奇·达什科
安德烈·瓦西里耶维奇·多尔戈拉普捷夫
耶夫盖尼·亚历山德罗维奇·斯莫特罗夫
徳米特里·韦尼阿米诺维奇·韦尔希宁
谢尔盖·鲍里索维奇·泽宁
亚历山大·尤里耶维奇·苏烈尼克
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Energy And Electric Vehicle Projects Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种带有蓄电池形式的自备电源的电动车辆，包括：通过或不通过机械传输与车轮连接的单个电机以及控制系统，所述控制系统包括：单个或多个用于控制所述电机的速度和/或转矩的可逆换能器、高值电容器和具有放电开关的镇流电阻、具有控制系统的直流-直流升压/降压可逆换能器、两个电流传感器以及两个电压传感器，其中：一个或多个换能器直接与电源端子连接；电容器通过所述可逆换能器与所述电源端子连接；第一电流传感器读取电源电流的值和方向；第二电流传感器监控电感的电流；第一电压传感器测量所述电源端子的电压；第二电压传感器测量超级电容器的端子的电压；以上所述传感器的输出与所述可逆换能器控制系统的输入连接，而所述可逆换能器控制系统的输出与所述可逆换能器的控制输入和所述放电开关连接。技术效果是提高车辆的功能性性能，减小总的尺寸和成本。

Description

具有车载充电单元的电力供电车辆
技术领域
本发明属于电力驱动或混合驱动的车辆。
背景技术
近年来电力供电车辆(Electric-powered Vehicles)已经成为一种普遍的趋势，作为居中解决方案,新产清洁型电动车(Electromobiles)和混合动力车辆的百分比数量正稳步增长。
电力供电车辆(EPDV，Electrical-Powered Vehicles)大规模应用面临的根本问题在于，电池充电工程以及与此过程所需时间紧密相关的经济要素。众所周知，充电电流的增加可明显减少充电时间。这在从美国家用110v电源过渡到强大的类似工业用的充电单元时尤为明显。有一种可能的临时选择是，为与房屋相邻的车库提供一种能够减少电池充电时间的通过干线进行充电的专用装置(例如，混合车辆雪佛兰伏特用高达110V的标准电压充电需要6-8小时，电压增加到240V后充电仅需要3-4小时)。然而，这种装置的购买和安装均涉及到一定的额外费用(参见2010年D.M.Etkin在汽车工程师杂志2(61)和4(63)(Journal of Automotive Engineers2(61)and4(63))上发表的“美国充电生产汽车的一些工程和经济要素”("Certain Engineering and Economic Aspects ofElectrifying Production Cars in the USA"))。
充电单元的发展将使充电单元像加油站一样广泛分布，使其能够在15-30分钟内恢复80％的电池电量。更重要的是，电池正变得在壁式插座上可充电。(参见A.MILOVZOROV的“正流行从壁式插座补充能量”("It's getting trendy to refuelfrom wall socket")，网址http://www.utro.ru/articles/2010/11/24/939328.shtml)。
一种快速且经济的恢复电池电量的可能方式是将充电单元直接置于车上。
根据已知的工程技术方案(专利US5418437)，一种电力供电车辆的驱动系统已经扩展为具有充电单元，该驱动系统包含电动机系统(电机和换能器)、控制系统、控制元件和电池，该充电单元具有用于与交流电源连接的输入以及与上述电池的输出连接的输出。充电单元还具有致动装置，该致动装置监测充电单元情况并控制其运行。
上述装置的缺点在于：
-有限的功能性性能—开发成根据供电网的单一电压值而运行，该装置提供单一的充电率水平；
-由于将换能器和充电装置致动装置置于EPDV上，因而增加了EPDV电气设备的重量和成本；
-安全性不足-没有规定如何使具有与交流源连接的充电单元的车辆停止运动。
专利US2007/0068714A1申请案中的技术方案与本发明最为接近。上述装置包含：带有电动发动机的内燃机；两个电机，这两个电机分别与前轴和后轴上的车轮连接并由相关换能器驱动；以及电池和储电装置(具有双电层和/或飞轮的超级电容器)，通过相关换能器与公用总线连接；控制模块和充电单元，该充电单元的输入可通过匹配变压器与外部交流电源连接，输出端子与上述公用总线(+)和(-)连接。
上述装置的缺点在于：
-有限的功能性性能-充电单元仅可在交流电压被上述变压器匹配且电压值高于上述电源总线的电压值的供电线上运行。
-由于将换能器和充电单元致动装置置于EPDV上，因而增加了EPDV电气设备的重量和成本；
-安全性不足-没有规定如何使具有与交流源连接的充电单元的车辆停止运动。
发明内容
本发明旨在消除上述装置中发现的诸多缺点，即：增强EPDV从外部电源充电的功能性性能，减轻EPDV的重量，减小EPDV的尺寸，降低EPDV的成本，并使EPDV的运行更安全。
上述目的由本文提出的带有车载充电单元的电力供电车辆实现。所述车辆至少包括：通过或不通过电力传输与车轮连接的单个电机，以及控制系统，所述控制系统包括：一个或多个用于控制所述电机的速度和/或转矩的可逆换能器、电池、高值电容器(超级电容器组(BSC)、带有回热器控制系统的直流-直流升压/降压可逆换能器(回热器，Re)、两个电流传感器以及两个电压传感器，其中：一个或多个换能器直接与电源(蓄电池，SB)端子连接；电容器通过上述可逆换能器与所述SB端子连接；所述第一电流传感器确定所述SB电流的值和方向；监测电感线圈的电流的所述第二电流传感器为所述可逆换能器的一部分；所述第一电压传感器测量所述SB端子的电压；所述第二电压传感器测量所述超级电容器组的端子的电压；上述传感器的输出与所述可逆换能器控制系统的输入连接，而所述换能器控制系统的输出与所述可逆换能器的控制输入和所述放电开关连接。
向所述EPDV上引入了：三相整流器，所述三相整流器具有与外部电源连接器连接的输入，以及通过引入的导体(接触器、半导体闸流管)与BSC的端子连接的输出。
除此之外，与所述整流器输出连接的还有：电压传感器，所述电压传感器具有电流隔离式输出(例如，具有压降电阻器的光导发光元件)以及与引入的充电控制单元的输入连接的输出，所述电压传感器的其它输入与充电电平选择器(CLS)状态的输出连接。
附图说明
图1示出了本文提出的电力供电车辆的电路。
图2示出了上述电路的运行算法。
具体实施方式
参见图1，本文提出的电力供电车辆的电路包含具有端子1、2的电源，该电源的电压通过电压传感器1VS测量，该电源的电流则通过电流传感器1CS测量。与端子1、2相连接的是：串联连接的镇流电阻R(与旁通二极管D并联)和放电开关DS；以及可逆换能器RT1、…、ITPi，该可逆换能器用于通过或不通过图1所示的电力传输(不通过的话，利用车轮电动机)控制与EPDV车轮链接的电动机EM1、…、EM1的速度和/或扭矩，图中未示出。
该电路还包含超级电容器组，超级电容器组的电压通过传感器2VS测量。该超级电容器组与可逆换能器的输出端子4、2连接，可逆换能器的输入端子3、2与电源的端子1、2连接。可逆换能器由四个与感应线圈L的旁通二极管D1、…、D4并联的晶体管开关Sw1、…、Sw4组成，该感应线圈L的电流通过传感器2CS测量。与可逆换能器控制系统相连接的是上述传感器的输出。该控制系统的输出与Re和DS的控制输入连接。
EPDV的最高电平控制系统(LCS)将转向角度、油门踏板位置(速度要求和/或电动机扭矩)、制动踏板位置(制动力矩设置)、手刹(停车制动)、模式开关(向前、向后等)传感器(未图示)发出的信号链接到MS1、…、ITPi。
该电路由三相整流器R、用于外部电源EPS的连接器C、接触器Co、3VS的输出电压传感器B、充电控制单元CCU以及充电水平选择器(CLS)的状态来补充。此时，输入B与连接器C连接，正输出P OUT通过接触器C与正输出4CK连接，负输出B与公用总线(端子2)连接。电流隔离式输出3VS(可采用带压降电阻器的光电发光元件取代)与输入CCU连接，其他输入则与输出CLS连接。输出CCU链接到LCS和回热器控制系统(ReCS)。
本文提出的装置根据图2所示的算法运行如下：
EPS通过连接器P与EPDV电气设备电路连接。所用的EPS可为单相或三相交流电网、风力发电机或太阳能电池板、氢燃料电池源等，输出电压为直流或交流的100-380V(这取决于装置的具体设计)。CLS用于控制充电模式(充电电流的最大电平)，即：正常、加速以及强制(分别为：N、A或F)，这取决于现场情况和EPS的功率。
一旦将电压U3通过引入的电压监测电路(由3VS组成)施加到整流器输出，电压U3便会致动SB CCU的充电电路，该充电电路：
1.经由LCS会接通EPDV控制电路(类似于点火开关)；
2.会使EPDV电气驱动失去作用，从而防止EPDV利用连接的EPS线缆进行运动；
3.由Re发出的附加命令会使超级电容器组(BSC)的电压达到U的最大值BSCmax；
4.监测BSC电压的电压传感器2VS会给出致动电气设备电路接触器Co的命令，该接触器Co会将整流器B的正输出链接到BSC的正端子；
5.上述接触器Co给出的命令会在由位于EPDV控制面板上的CLS设置的充电模式N、A或F下和/或借由用于连接EPS的间隔保持连接器P，开始从BSC对SB进行充电；
6.电压UBSC下降到U3的电平会打开整流器B的二极管，并开始从EPS对SB进行充电，BSC此时会用作滤波电容器；
7.一旦SB电压达到由SB电压传感器1VS监测的预设电平，或者，一旦由SB电流传感器1CS监测的SB充电率下降到预设电平之下，SB充电完成命令便会形成；
8.上述命令会开始将超级电容器组(BSC)值从SB充电到U的最大电压值BSCmax；
9.由用于检测BSC电压的电压传感器给出的命令会断开用于将整流器正输出连接到BSC正端子的接触器，并会耦合用于指示SB充电完成的CCU触发器；
10.不会解除对用于防止EPDV利用连接的EPS线缆进行运动的EPDV电气驱动(权利要求2)的锁定。
为了解除锁定并运行EPDV，往往需要使EPS线缆从连接器脱开。
工业实用性
向车辆的电路中引入上述元件，以及使用本文提出的算法能够基于EPDV电气设备的现有主电路开发出在EPS参数方面具有广泛可选性的EPDV承载式充电单元，并能够通过防止EPDV利用耦合的EPS线缆进行运动来确保高层级的EPDV运行安全性。

Claims (4)

1.一种带有自备电源作为蓄电池的电力供电车辆，其至少包括：通过或不通过电力传输与车轮连接的单个电机，以及控制系统，所述控制系统包括：单个或多个用于控制所述电机的速度和/或转矩的可逆换能器、高值超级电容器和具有放电开关的镇流电阻、具有控制系统的直流-直流升压/降压可逆换能器、两个电流传感器以及两个电压传感器，其中：一个或多个可逆换能器直接与电源端子连接；电容器通过所述可逆换能器与所述电源端子连接；电流传感器1读取所述电源电流的值和方向；监控电感线圈的电流的电流传感器2为所述可逆换能器的一部分；电压传感器1测量所述电源端子的电压；电压传感器2测量所述超级电容器的端子的电压；以上所述传感器的输出与所述可逆换能器控制系统的输入连接，而所述可逆换能器控制系统的输出与所述可逆换能器的控制输入和所述放电开关连接，其特征在于，
所述电力供电车辆设有：三相整流器，所述三相整流器的输入与外部电源连接器连接，所述三相整流器的输出通过所述接触器与所述超级电容器的端子连接；所述整流器输出电压传感器，所述整流器输出电压传感器的输出与所述引入的充电控制单元的输入连接，所述引入的充电控制单元的其它输入与引入的充电电平选择器状态的输出连接；以及所述充电控制单元，所述充电控制单元的输出与所述接触器的控制输入、所述可逆换能器控制系统的输入以及所述电动车控制系统连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述整流器输出电压传感器具有电流隔开式输出，所述输出由具有压降电阻器的光导发光元件组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，为了在充电过程的开始和结束阶段实现所述接触器的无电流切换，使所述超级电容器的电压电平超过在所述整流器输出的电压电平。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，一旦将电压施加到所述整流器输出上，所述电压将使所述电力供电车辆的驱动器的换能器失去作用，以便防止所述电力供电车辆采用所述外部电源的连接线缆进行运动。
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