CN104178186A - Coal low-temperature carbonization system and method - Google Patents
Coal low-temperature carbonization system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104178186A CN104178186A CN201410455153.5A CN201410455153A CN104178186A CN 104178186 A CN104178186 A CN 104178186A CN 201410455153 A CN201410455153 A CN 201410455153A CN 104178186 A CN104178186 A CN 104178186A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 81
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a coal low-temperature carbonization system and method. The system comprises a revolving bed carbonization unit, a raw gas washing unit, a tar trapping unit, a gas convection unit and a gas dry quenching unit, wherein the revolving bed carbonization unit is sequentially connected with the raw gas washing unit, tar trapping unit, gas convection unit and gas dry quenching unit. The system and method shorten the oil-gas retention time in the furnace, reduce the secondary cracking reaction and enhance the tar yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to retorting technique, particularly relate to a kind of low-temperature pyrolysis technology of coal.
Background technology
At present, the dry distillation of coal refers to that coal heats under isolated air conditions, and decomposes generates the process of coke (semicoke), coal tar, coal gas and pyrolysis water.The low-temperature pyrolysis of coal refers to that the lower heating final temperature of employing makes coal generation pyrolytic reaction, it is generally acknowledged that low-temperature pyrolysis final temperature is 500-700 ℃.
The low-temperature pyrolysis of coal is divided into internal heat type and external-heat by type of heating.Traditional gas retort mostly is external-heat, and externally heated retort oven thermo-efficiency is low, and material is heated inhomogeneous, and volatility product second pyrolysis is very serious.Internally heated retort oven directly contacts a heat by thermal barrier and coal and directly passes to coal charge, makes coal generation pyrolytic reaction, has the features such as heating is fast, efficiency is high, homogeneous heating.Though internal heat type low-temperature dry distillation has overcome deficiency and the shortcoming of external-heat, internal heat type destructive distillation mostly is high-temperature flue gas and makes thermal barrier, with flue gas after coal heat exchange with pyrolysis of coal product together extraction gas retort be blended in coal gas, reduced calorific value and the quality of coal gas.In its Patent CN101885973A, adopted destructive distillation purified gas as thermal barrier, purified gas is heated to after 450-900 ℃ through recuperator in gas retort outside, pass into gas retort and directly contact generation pyrolytic reaction with coal, this technique coal gas purity is suitable with external-heat technique, calorific value is high, and coal charge is heated fast, evenly.But this process high-temperature purified gas is to obtain by outside recuperator heating, compares as thermal barrier with high-temperature flue gas, and system thermal efficiency is low.
The moving-bed retorting furnace (CN101712878B) of the comprehensive heating of a kind of radiator tube and circulating current has been introduced gas retort and has been adopted radiator tube mode to heat and the pyrolysis of circulating current heat transfer type, fuel flue gas is walked in radiator tube, radiator tube radiation heating coal seam, realized the isolation of flue gas and pyrolysis coal gas, gas is shifted out from one end of burner hearth, from the other end, move into, conveying to gas, be the blending agent that contains pyrolysis water, burnt oil and gas, carrying is blower fan to the moving equipment of gas.This process using is moisture, the raw gas of tar, gas is as circulative convection gas, and in circulating line and device memory, at dust, tar condensing equivalent risk, to circulating, moving equipment requirements is harsh, and the waste heat of the blue charcoal of high temperature does not make full use of simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the subproblem existing in existing coal low-temperature pyrolysis technology, a kind of coal low-temperature pyrolysis system and method is provided.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of coal low-temperature pyrolysis system, comprise rotating bed destructive distillation unit, raw gas washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described rotating bed destructive distillation unit connects raw gas washing, tar capture unit successively, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, the coke outlet of described rotating bed destructive distillation unit is connected with the Jiao Kou that enters of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, the gas inlet of described rotating bed destructive distillation unit is connected with the gas exit of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, and described coal gas dry coke quenching unit adopts cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary.
Preferably, described rotating bed destructive distillation unit is provided with isolated gas radiation pipe, drapery panel and distribution device.
Preferably, described isolated gas radiation pipe is arranged on top, bottom or the top and the bottom of the bed of material.
Preferably, the quantity of described cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary is 1-5 level, in described cylinder, is provided with heat exchange component.
Preferably, described coal gas convection unit comprises purified gas device and convection flow fan.
Utilize described system coal to be carried out to a method for low-temperature pyrolysis, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) broken feed coal enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit and carries out destructive distillation, and blue charcoal is by furnace side discharging, and high temperature oil, gas, pyrolysis water are by furnace roof extraction;
(2) high temperature oil of extraction, gas, pyrolysis water carry out gas purification and tar collection through raw gas washing, tar capture unit, and collecting the tar and the purified gas that obtain is oil, gas product; Purified gas enters coal gas dry coke quenching unit by the convection flow fan of coal gas convection unit, as the heat-eliminating medium of blue charcoal;
(3) coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit, and bottom-up evenly through destructive distillation coal seam by distribution device, coal completes retort process under the effect of coal gas of high temperature convective heat exchange and radiator tube radiation heating;
(4) the blue charcoal after destructive distillation obtains the blue charcoal of product after coal gas dry coke quenching unit is cooling.
Preferably, the fire box temperature in described step 1 is 500-700 ℃.
Preferably, in described step 3, the burner hearth of the coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching below being positioned at the rotating bed gas retort bed of material enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit.
Preferably, in described step 4, by regulating the drum rotational speed of cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary and the duration of contact that gas flow rate is controlled coal gas and blue charcoal, guarantee blue charcoal temperature≤85 ℃ after quenching.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) destructive distillation unit adopts isolated gas radiation pipe heating rotating bed gas retort device, the high temperature circulation coal gas that burner hearth is introduced below the bed of material, the bottom-up coal seam convective heat exchange that passes can be carried gas retort outside destructive distillation oil gas product fast, shorten oil gas residing time in furnace, reduce second pyrolysis reaction, improved the productive rate of tar, tar yield can reach the more than 90% of lattice gold test;
(2) heat the comparison of rotating bed gas retort device with traditional isolated gas radiation pipe, this method for destructive distillation has adopted take and has completely cut off gas radiation pipe radiation heating as main, the high temperature circulation coal gas of take passes coal seam convective heat exchange as auxiliary, realized the bed of material Quick uniform that is heated, the destructive distillation time is 30-80min, improved separate unit gas retort treatment capacity, production capacity improves can reach 33%;
(3) adopt one or more levels close phase cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary to realize purified gas direct heat exchange, there is member cylinder inside, by regulating rotation speed of drum and gas flow rate, controls heat-exchange time, and blue charcoal sensible heat organic efficiency is high, can reach more than 85%;
(4) adopt the destructive distillation of isolated gas radiation pipe heating rotating bed, circulation purified gas dry coke quenching, the coupling of high temperature circulation coal gas convective heat exchange technique, directly reclaim the blue charcoal sensible heat of destructive distillation solid phase prod and be used to dry distillation of coal heat supply, reduced distillation system energy consumption, average destructive distillation ton coal is energy-conservation more than 15%;
(5) adopt the heat exchange of purified gas circulative convection, there is no foreign matter gas dilution in destructive distillation gas product, dry distillation gas calorific value is high, caloric power of gas > 5000kcal/Nm
3;
(6) adopt circulation purified gas be pyrolysis of coal to gas, reduce the type selecting difficulty of wind motor device;
(7) adopt the purified gas quenching heat exchange after cooling, high temperature purified gas convection current pyrolysis raw coal after heat exchange, the blue charcoal sensible heat of the high temperature for pyrolysis unit that can reclaim accounts for total combustion gas energy consumption more than 9%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of coal low-temperature pyrolysis system flowchart;
1, rotating bed destructive distillation unit; 2, raw gas washing, tar capture unit; 3, coal gas convection unit; 4, coal gas dry coke quenching unit.
Embodiment
For the present invention is described better, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.
The present invention includes as described in Figure 1 rotating bed destructive distillation unit 1, raw gas washing, tar capture unit 2, coal gas convection unit 3 and coal gas dry coke quenching unit 4, described rotating bed destructive distillation unit 1 connects raw gas washing, tar capture unit 2, coal gas convection unit 3 and coal gas dry coke quenching unit 4 successively.
Described rotating bed destructive distillation unit 1 is provided with isolated gas radiation pipe, drapery panel and distribution device.Described isolated gas radiation pipe is arranged on top, bottom or the top and the bottom of the bed of material, with bottom, is arranged as optimum, because top does not have radiator tube can reduce the second pyrolysis reaction of oil gas.Described coal gas dry coke quenching unit 4 adopts cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary.The quantity of described cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary is 1-5 level, guarantees blue charcoal temperature≤85 ℃ after quenching, take 3 grades of quenchings as optimum.In described cylinder, be provided with heat exchange component.Described coal gas convection unit comprises purified gas device and convection flow fan.
Embodiment:
Rotating bed destructive distillation unit adopts isolated gas radiation pipe heating rotating bed gas retort, and 1,000,000 tons/year for the treatment of scales, take pyrolysis long-flame coal as example.
(1) broken feed coal enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit, and destructive distillation condition is 650 ℃ of final temperatures, fabric thickness 180mm, the reaction times 90min rotating a circle, 650 ℃ of blue charcoals are from furnace side extraction, and 650 ℃ of oil gas are from furnace roof extraction, 35.1 ten thousand tons/year of furnace roof extraction high temperature oil, gas, water.
(2) high temperature oil of extraction, gas, water carry out gas purification and collect tar through gas washing, tar capture unit, coal gas and tar temperature are down to 30 ℃, circulation purified gas is introduced coal gas dry coke quenching unit by convection flow fan, heat-eliminating medium as blue charcoal, the tar that collection obtains and purified gas are oil, gas product, obtain 10.8 ten thousand tons of tar productss, 14.24 ten thousand tons of coal gas products, and finally obtain 64.9 ten thousand tons of blue charcoal products.It is example that 3 grades of quenchings be take in dry coke quenching unit, and the blue charcoal temperature in of one-level dry coke quenching is 650 ℃, and blue charcoal temperature out is 550 ℃, and gas entry temperature is 400 ℃, and gas outlet temperature is 620 ℃; The blue charcoal temperature in of secondary dry coke quenching is 550 ℃, and blue charcoal temperature out is 300 ℃, and gas entry temperature is 250 ℃, and gas outlet temperature is 400 ℃; Three grades of blue charcoal temperature ins of dry coke quenching are 300 ℃, and blue charcoal temperature out is≤85 ℃, and gas entry temperature is 25 ℃, and gas outlet temperature is 250 ℃.
(3) cooled coal gas quenching recycle ratio is 0.75, adopt the purified gas quenching heat exchange (coal gas dry coke quenching unit heat recovery efficiency reaches 60%) after cooling, high temperature purified gas convection current pyrolysis raw coal after heat exchange, the blue charcoal sensible heat of the high temperature for pyrolysis unit that can reclaim accounts for total combustion gas energy consumption 13.6%.
(4) the high temperature circulation coal gas after dry coke quenching is by the effect of the convection flow fan of coal gas convection unit, by the burner hearth being positioned at below the bed of material of rotating bed gas retort, entered, by distribution device, evenly pass destructive distillation coal seam from bottom to top, realize the convective heat exchange with coal seam, fast destructive distillation oil gas product is carried outside to gas retort, coal completes dry distillation of coal process under the effect of high temperature circulation coal gas convective heat exchange and radiator tube radiation heating simultaneously.
The above; be only the present invention's embodiment preferably, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (8)
1. a coal low-temperature pyrolysis system, it is characterized in that, comprise rotating bed destructive distillation unit, raw gas washing, tar capture unit, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, described rotating bed destructive distillation unit connects raw gas washing, tar capture unit successively, coal gas convection unit and coal gas dry coke quenching unit, the coke outlet of described rotating bed destructive distillation unit is connected with the Jiao Kou that enters of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, the gas inlet of described rotating bed destructive distillation unit is connected with the gas exit of coal gas dry coke quenching unit, and described coal gas dry coke quenching unit adopts cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary.
2. coal low-temperature pyrolysis system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rotating bed destructive distillation unit is provided with isolated gas radiation pipe, drapery panel and distribution device.
3. coal low-temperature pyrolysis system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described isolated gas radiation pipe is arranged on top, bottom or the top and the bottom of the bed of material.
4. coal low-temperature pyrolysis system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the quantity of described cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary is 1-5 level, in described cylinder, is provided with heat exchange component.
5. utilize the arbitrary described system of claim 1-4 coal to be carried out to a method for low-temperature pyrolysis, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) broken feed coal enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit and carries out destructive distillation, and blue charcoal is by furnace side discharging, and high temperature oil, gas, pyrolysis water are by furnace roof extraction;
(2) high temperature oil of extraction, gas, pyrolysis water carry out gas purification and tar collection through raw gas washing, tar capture unit, and collecting the tar and the purified gas that obtain is oil, gas product; Purified gas enters coal gas dry coke quenching unit by the convection flow fan of coal gas convection unit, as the heat-eliminating medium of blue charcoal;
(3) coal gas of high temperature after dry coke quenching enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit, and bottom-up evenly through destructive distillation coal seam by distribution device, coal completes retort process under the effect of coal gas of high temperature convective heat exchange and radiator tube radiation heating;
(4) the blue charcoal after destructive distillation obtains the blue charcoal of product after coal gas dry coke quenching unit is cooling.
6. the method for coal low-temperature pyrolysis according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the fire box temperature in described step 1 is 500-700 ℃.
7. the method for coal low-temperature pyrolysis according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the burner hearth of the coal gas of high temperature in described step 3 after dry coke quenching below being positioned at the rotating bed gas retort bed of material enters rotating bed destructive distillation unit.
8. the method for coal low-temperature pyrolysis according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 4, by regulating the drum rotational speed of cylinder dry coke quenching auxiliary and the duration of contact that gas flow rate is controlled coal gas and blue charcoal, guarantees blue charcoal temperature≤85 ℃ after quenching.
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| CN105910451A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Dry distillation device with lower furnace body capable of moving up and down and dry distillation method of dry distillation device |
| CN105928367A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-07 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Dry distillation device with furnace lid automatic lifting system and dry distillation method for dry distillation device |
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