CN101514291A - Method for coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering - Google Patents
Method for coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering. In the method, high temperature carbonized coal gas produced by carbonized dry quenched coke is made into cool coal gas by washing and collecting tar; after the cool coal gas passes a circulating fan, part of the coal gas is introduced into a burner to be synthesized with high temperature waste gas into high temperature mixed gas satisfying the coal smouldering requirement; the high temperature mixed gas enters into a carbonization section of a coke oven to be used as a carbonization heat source; the other part of pure coal gas passing the circulating fan is introduced to a coke quenching and cooling section of a carbonization furnace by a booster fan to be used as an inertia medium of Ramsbottom coke and quenched coke; the cool coal gas passing the coke quenching and cooling section of the carbonization furnace absorbs the heat and then passes the carbonization section of the coke oven to carry out nonoxidation heating or weak-oxidation heating towards the coal together with the carbonization heat source to realize combustion-free circulation. The method simplifies the coke dry quenching technology, reduces the water content of the Ramsbottom coke, uses the heat of the Ramsbottom coke before coke quenching effectively, improves the utilization rate of the pure coal gas, reduces the use of combustion-supporting gas and accordingly reduces the energy consumption of the burner.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Coal Chemical Industry, new forms of energy and environmental technology field, relate to a kind of method of dry distillation of coal method, particularly a kind of coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering, this method is fit to the production process of blue charcoal.
Background technology
Northern China some areas rich coal resources, ature of coal is good, belong to low ash, low-sulfur, low-phosphorous, high volatile weakly glue, non-caking coal.Utilizing the industry of this mill coal low-temperature pyrolysis refining coke for ferroalloy (also claiming blue charcoal or semicoke) is that local at present main coal transforms industry.
For Shan of China, Shanxi, rather cover geographic blue charcoal manufacturing enterprise, the subject matter that exists has five aspects at present, the one, interior thermal recovery the mode of furnace air and gas-fired heating, combustion exhaust has been sneaked in the coal gas, both reduced the calorific value of coal gas, not only increase the processing power of purification system, and be unfavorable for comprehensive utilization; The 2nd, tar yield is low, and the tar in the coal gas adopts the washing of recirculated water spray condensation method, separates through natural sedimentation, and tar separation is not thorough; The 3rd, there is not rational coal gas to utilize approach, coal gas is based on direct burning and exhausting; The 4th, equipment, operating system etc. are not optimized; The 5th, environmental pollution and ecological problem are outstanding, and the wasting of resources is big.
The Shan of China, Shanxi, rather cover geographic blue charcoal manufacturing enterprise, the major equipment that adopts is upright side's stove at present, distillation process as shown in Figure 1:
Feed coal adds coke oven 1 continuously by last coal bunker, the mixed gas that comes out from cooled coal gas mixing device 6 enters the coke oven retort section, along liter on the raw material coal seam and by the coke oven retort section, after coming out, coke oven 1 enters gas cleaning device 2, impurity after the gas purification is by tar ammonia settling bowl 3 precipitations, the tar that produces is collected by tar pool 4, and the coal gas after the purification is divided into three the tunnel after gas cleaning device 2 comes out: a part purifies coal gas and is introduced into that burner 5 is used for and combustion-supporting gas (30%～100% oxygen enrichment or oxygen) burning produces high-temp waste gas; Another part enters that cooled coal gas mixing device 6 is used for and is mixed into the gas mixture of the required temperature of high temperature carbonization from the high-temp waste gas that burner 5 comes out, and remainder coal gas is as outer power plant, chemical industry use or other purposes.The gas mixture that comes out from cooled coal gas mixing device 6 enters the coke oven retort section provides the destructive distillation heat for feed coal.
Coal is after low-temperature pyrolysis, and its quenching process has dry coke quenching and coke wet quenching dual mode.Traditional Dry Quenching Technology adopts inert media, with the coke heat exchange after with heat by recyclings such as steam boilers, produce steam, after cooling, dedusting, return cooling room through blower fan again, so the blue charcoal of circulation cooling, this process is complicated and require equipment more, has increased the recycle cost.Coke wet quenching technology is to finish by cooling section and basin in the coke oven bottom, the blue charcoal of finished product by chain mat machine by pulling out in the basin.The subject matter that this extinguishing technique exists is:
(1) blue charcoal a large amount of physics heat of carrying can't efficient recovery and utilization, causes the reduction of efficiency of energy utilization;
(2) the blue charcoal of porous absorbs a large amount of water, according to relevant statistics, the water regain of blue charcoal can reach more than 45% of blue charcoal weight, can not satisfy user's needs, have to once more finished product be toasted dry, the production process energy consumption is big, becomes enterprise's production and the energy-saving and cost-reducing problem that presses for solution.
How to adapt to the development of dry distillation of coal technology, exploitation is suitable for the technology of blue charcoal, is to change Shan, Shanxi, rather cover the problem that geographic coke for ferroalloy manufacturing enterprise faces, and promotes the pressing issues that the state of the art of the sector faces.
In recent years,, made dry distillation of coal technology and technical equipment improve greatly, but how to have realized that from energy-conservation and the blue charcoal quality perspective of lifting the existing retorting technique of development still has a large amount of work to do along with the maximization of dry distillation of coal equipment.
Summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at above-mentioned prior art existence, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of method of coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering is provided, this method can make the dry coke quenching work simplification, reduce the water content of blue charcoal, heat that blue charcoal has can be utilized effectively before the quenching, improve the utilization ratio, the minimizing combustion-supporting gas that purify coal gas and use, thus the power consumption of minimizing burner.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
A kind of coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering method, it is characterized in that, this method is made cooled coal gas with the high temperature carbonization coal gas that the destructive distillation dry coke quenching produces behind washing, collecting tar, cooled coal gas is by behind the recirculation blower, a part is introduced burner and the synthetic high-temperature gas mixture body that meets coal low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature of high-temp waste gas, the high-temperature gas mixture body enters the retort section of coke oven, as the destructive distillation thermal source; And another part purified gas of process recirculation blower, introduce the quenching section of gas retort by booster fan, inert media as the blue charcoal quenching of cooling, the retort section of further passing through coke oven after the cooled coal gas heat absorption through gas retort quenching section, together coal is carried out non-oxidation or weak oxide heating with the destructive distillation thermal source, realize no combustion cycle.
Main points of the present invention comprise three aspects: the one, with the inert media of cooled coal gas as dry coke quenching; The 2nd, realize that by gas pressure blower the coal gas of high temperature of quenching output produces mixing and circulation of high-temperature gas with burning, preparation is fit to the destructive distillation gas of low-temperature pyrolysis temperature requirement; The 3rd, can require to carry out flexibly the adjusting of dry distillation gas flow according to the control of gas retort, increased an effective means that the working of a furnace is regulated.
The technique effect that the present invention brought is:
(1) purify coal gas after the quenching heating, be directly used in raw coal heating destructive distillation, made full use of heat energy, efficiency of utilization obviously improves.
(2) reduce burning with coal gas and combustion-supporting air quantity, reduce products of combustion and a nitrogen content in the coal gas greatly.
(3) moisture in the blue charcoal product reduces significantly.
(4) owing to the variation of cooling conditions, the intensity of blue charcoal product increases.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the destructive distillation dry coke quenching of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of coal low-temperature pyrolysis dry coke quenching of the present invention; Connecting solid line among the figure is the coal gas recycle system, and dotted line is coal, blue charcoal and tar output trend.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment that accompanying drawing and contriver provide.
Embodiment
Consider the practical situation of present internally heated coal carbonization technology, the present invention proposes with the cooled coal gas that purifies that return gas retort again as dry distillation medium through pyrogenous coal gas, the insufficient heat of destructive distillation is provided by jet combustion coal gas to the blue charcoal heat exchange of the high temperature of dry coke quenching.That is to say that the burning cooled coal gas produces high-temp waste gas in burner, as the required basic thermal source of the dry distillation of coal, the high temperature carbonization coal gas that produces by destructive distillation and dry coke quenching mixes, be mixed with the high-temperature gas mixture (760 ℃～850 ℃ of temperature) that meets coal low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature, coal in the internally heated coal carbonization furnace stove is carried out non-oxidation (or weak oxide) heating, produce the blue charcoal of fine.
Coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering method of the present invention, at first with content 30%-100% oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting gas in the stove outer burner with the cooled coal gas generation high-temp waste gas that burns jointly, as the required basic thermal source of the dry distillation of coal;
The high temperature carbonization coal gas that the destructive distillation dry coke quenching is produced is made cooled coal gas behind washing, collecting tar then, cooled coal gas is by behind the recirculation blower, a part is introduced burner and the synthetic high-temperature gas mixture body that meets coal low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature of high-temp waste gas, the high-temperature gas mixture body enters the retort section of coke oven, as the destructive distillation thermal source;
And another part purified gas of process recirculation blower, introduce the quenching section of gas retort by booster fan, inert media as the blue charcoal quenching of cooling, the retort section of further passing through coke oven after the cooled coal gas heat absorption through gas retort quenching section, together coal is carried out non-oxidation or weak oxide heating with the destructive distillation thermal source, realize no combustion cycle.
The present invention is applicable to all kinds of internally heated coal carbonization furnaces, and promptly high-temperature medium is by the coal seam in the stove, and the heating raw coal is realized pyrogenous process.Can be used as coal low-temperature pyrolysis production supporting technology selects for use.
The coal gas recycle system as shown in Figure 2.According to the circulation requirement of coal gas, set up gas pressure blower at coal gas system, guarantee the flow and the pressure requirement of coal gas system normal circulation.
To the working of a furnace parameter control such as furnace temperature of retort process, regulate (promptly regulating burner coal gas and combustion-supporting gas flow) by combustion parameter, also can regulate by the mode of regulating quenching gas flow, raising quenching material speed.
Embodiment is: the coal gas that destructive distillation produces is after tar separation and collecting, according to pyrogenous processing requirement, the part cold conditions purifies coal gas and turns back to gas retort through recirculation blower, wherein a part is used for and combustion air (or oxygen) burning generation high temperature, introduces gas retort from gas retort retort section bottom; Another part is introduced the quenching section of gas retort bottom through booster fan, cooled coal gas passes through to absorb blue charcoal heat from hot blue charcoal, extinguish and the blue charcoal of refrigerative is discharged by quenching pars infrasegmentalis discharge gate, heated coal gas is up from the top of quenching section, enter the retort section bottom, the high-temperature gas that produces with burning mixes, and forms the coal gas that satisfies low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature and flow.For the cooling that guarantees the quenching process and retort section temperature evenly, in the quenching cooling section and the retort section of gas retort, the coal gas distribution device need be set respectively.
Burner rating and the circulation cooled coal gas amount of allocating into are by distillation process requirement and type of furnace decision.
The coal gas that destructive distillation produces is after tar separation and collecting, and part is used for internal recycling, comprises burning and quenching gas.Surplus gas can be used for lower procedure, as chemical industry and generating etc.
Below be the embodiment that the contriver provides, these embodiment are some more excellent examples, the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1: year handle the application of 600,000 tons of blue charcoal factories
(1) basic condition:
The blue charcoal factory of 600,000 tons of year processing poweies, adopting vertical side's stove is basic production equipment, air-breathing, coke ratio 1.65: 1.About tar yield 8%, burning and circulating gas amount 349Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, go into stove combustion-supporting air quantity 190m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, dry with coal gas amount 35Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, ton coal residual gas amount 460Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoalAbout (Shenmu County's butt raw coal is a benchmark), caloric power of gas 6771-7106kJ/Nm
3As follows with reference to gas composition:
H
2: 16.2%, CO:14.49%, CO
2: 7.41%, CH
4: 5.68%, nitrogen: 50.10%.Calorific value: 7029kJ/m
3
(2) application mode
Application mode as shown in Figure 2.The high temperature carbonization coal gas of destructive distillation dry coke quenching generation is made cooled coal gas behind washing, collecting tar, cooled coal gas is by behind the recirculation blower, and part is used for and combustion air burning generation high temperature, enters gas retort from gas retort retort section bottom; Another part enters gas retort quenching cooling section bottom through booster fan, from hot blue charcoal by and and its carry out heat exchange, extinguish and the blue charcoal of refrigerative by the discharge of cooling section bottom discharge gate, about 80 ℃～100 ℃ of the blue charcoal temperature of discharge.Heated coal gas is up from the top of cooling section, enters the retort section bottom, and temperature can reach the high-temperature gas (1200 ℃～1300 ℃) that 400 ℃～460 ℃ and burning produce mixes, and forms the coal gas that satisfies low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature and flow.In order to guarantee the even of cooling of quenching process and retort section temperature,, the coal gas distribution device is set respectively in gas retort cooling section and retort section.Burning is adopted the roots blower pressurization with coal gas, and the circulation cooled coal gas adopts centrifugal booster fan pressurization.System is provided with each pressure and flow detection and setting device along separate routes, and the retort section bottom is provided with temperature-detecting device, realizes adjusting and control to process.
(3) application result
After adopting present technique, coke ratio, tar yield etc. remains basically stable with former technology.Go into the stove combustion-supporting air quantity by 190m
3/ t
Blue charcoalBe reduced to 120m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, burning and circulating gas amount are by 349Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoalBring up to 360m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, dry with the coal gas amount by 35Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoalBe reduced to zero, the blue charcoal moisture content of finished product is reduced to below 0.8% by original 18%, can cancel baking operation.Ton coal residual gas amount is by 460Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoalBring up to 510Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, caloric power of gas reaches 9029kJ/Nm
3As follows with reference to gas composition:
H
2: 19.2%, CO:11.63%, CO
2: 6.21%, CH
4: 9.89%, nitrogen: 43.32%, C
2-C
58.11%.
Embodiment 2: produce the application of 600,000 tons blue charcoal factory per year
(1) basic condition
The blue charcoal factory of 600,000 tons of year processing poweies, adopting vertical side's stove is basic production equipment, oxygenized air combustion supporting, oxygen enrichment be than 80%, coke ratio 1.65: 1, tar yield about 8%.Burning and circulating gas amount 519m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, go into the combustion-supporting oxygen-rich air amount of stove 50m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, dry with coal gas amount 35Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, ton coal residual gas amount 260Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoalAbout (Shenmu County's butt raw coal is a benchmark), caloric power of gas 13102kJ/Nm
3As follows with reference to gas composition:
H
2: 35.05%, CO 23.04%, CO
2: 12.06%, CH
4: 12.55%, nitrogen: 9.85%.Caloric power of gas 13102kJ/m
3
(2) application mode
Application mode and example 1 are basic identical.Part is used for producing high temperature with combustion-supporting oxygen-rich air burning, another part enters gas retort cooling section bottom through booster fan, from hot blue charcoal by and and after it carries out heat exchange, after the high-temp waste gas mixing that combustion chambers burn produces, enter gas retort from gas retort retort section bottom.Extinguish and the blue charcoal of refrigerative is discharged about 80～100 ℃ of the blue charcoal temperature of discharge by cooling section bottom discharge gate.Gas temperature through the cooling section preheating can reach 400～460 ℃, and high-temperature gas (1200～1300 ℃) mixing in combustion chamber and burning generation forms the coal gas that satisfies low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature and flow.In order to guarantee the even of cooling of quenching process and retort section temperature,, the coal gas distribution device is set respectively in gas retort cooling section and retort section.Burning is adopted the roots blower pressurization with coal gas, and the circulation cooled coal gas adopts centrifugal booster fan pressurization.The retort section bottom is provided with temperature-detecting device, realizes adjusting and control to process.
(3) application result
After adopting present technique, coal tar and former technology maintain an equal level, and tar yield is brought up to about 8.2% (Shenmu County's butt raw coal is a benchmark), burning and circulating gas amount 509m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, go into the combustion-supporting oxygen-rich air amount of stove by 50m
3/ t
Blue charcoalBe reduced to 40m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, the blue charcoal moisture content of finished product is reduced to below 0.9% by original 21%, can cancel baking operation.The corresponding 310Nm that brings up to of ton coal residual gas amount
3/ t
Blue charcoalAbout (Shenmu County's coal), save coal gas about 20%.Caloric power of gas 13226kJ/Nm
3, suitable substantially with former technology.As follows with reference to gas composition:
H
2: 35.05%, CO:21.04%, CO
2: 11.26%, CH
4: 14.55%, nitrogen: 9.20%.Caloric power of gas 13226kJ/m
3
Embodiment 3: produce the application of 600,000 tons blue charcoal factory per year
(1) basic condition
Using vertical side's stove is basic production equipment, adopts oxygen enrichment than 30% air-breathing, coke ratio 1.68: 1.Tar yield about 7.8% (Shenmu County's butt raw coal is a benchmark), blue charcoal moisture 15.6%, burning and circulating gas amount 349Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, go into stove combustion-supporting air quantity 130m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, dry with coal gas amount 35Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, residual gas amount 450m
3/ t
Blue charcoalAbout, caloric power of gas 6771-7106kJ/m
3
With reference to gas composition be: H
2: 16.2%, CO 14.49%, CO
2: 7.41%, CH
4: 9.01%, nitrogen: 50.10%.Calorific value: 7029kJ/m
3
(2) application mode
Concrete application mode and example 2 are together.
(3) application result
Coke ratio 1.67: 1, tar yield about 7.6% (Shenmu County's butt raw coal is a benchmark) is suitable with former technology.Blue charcoal moisture is reduced to below 1.0% by 15.6%, completely abolishes baking operation.Burning and circulating gas amount 341Nm
3/ t
Blue charcoal, go into stove combustion-supporting air quantity 92m
3/ t
Blue charcoal,, the surplus gas amount is brought up to 496m
3/ t
Blue charcoal, caloric power of gas is brought up to 7231.0-7342.8kJ/Nm
3
With reference to gas composition be: H
2: 18.2%, CO:12.46%, CO
2: 7.41%, CH
4: 13.01%, nitrogen: 48.0%.Calorific value: 7329kJ/m
3
Claims (5)
1, a kind of coke dry quenching by coal internal heat smouldering method, it is characterized in that, this method is made cooled coal gas with the high temperature carbonization coal gas that the destructive distillation dry coke quenching produces behind washing, collecting tar, cooled coal gas is by behind the recirculation blower, a part is introduced burner and the synthetic high-temperature gas mixture body that meets coal low-temperature pyrolysis requirement temperature of high-temp waste gas, the high-temperature gas mixture body enters the retort section of coke oven, as the destructive distillation thermal source; And another part purified gas of process recirculation blower, introduce the quenching cooling section of gas retort by booster fan, inert media as blue charcoal quenching, the retort section of further passing through coke oven after the cooled coal gas heat absorption through gas retort quenching cooling section, together coal is carried out non-oxidation or weak oxide heating with the destructive distillation thermal source, realize no combustion cycle.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the temperature of described high-temperature gas mixture body is 760 ℃～850 ℃.
3, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described control that coal is carried out the heating of non-oxidation or weak oxide is to regulate by cooled coal gas and the combustion-supporting gas flow of regulating burner, or regulate the cooled coal gas flow of dry coke quenching section, the mode of quenching material speed is regulated.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described coke oven retort section and quenching section are respectively arranged with the coal gas distribution device, to guarantee the even of cooling of quenching process and retort section temperature.
As claim 1,2,3,4 arbitrary described methods, it is characterized in that 5, described recirculation blower adopts roots blower, booster fan adopts centrifugal booster fan.
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