CN1041679A - 取样速率减少的数字调频解调器 - Google Patents

取样速率减少的数字调频解调器 Download PDF

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CN1041679A
CN1041679A CN89107520A CN89107520A CN1041679A CN 1041679 A CN1041679 A CN 1041679A CN 89107520 A CN89107520 A CN 89107520A CN 89107520 A CN89107520 A CN 89107520A CN 1041679 A CN1041679 A CN 1041679A
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signal
sampling rate
mentioned
frequency
sampling
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所罗门·詹姆斯·道格拉斯
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06Receivers
    • H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03DDEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D3/00Demodulation of angle-, frequency- or phase- modulated oscillations
    • H03D3/006Demodulation of angle-, frequency- or phase- modulated oscillations by sampling the oscillations and further processing the samples, e.g. by computing techniques
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03DDEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D2200/00Indexing scheme relating to details of demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier to another covered by H03D
    • H03D2200/0041Functional aspects of demodulators
    • H03D2200/005Analog to digital conversion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03DDEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D2200/00Indexing scheme relating to details of demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier to another covered by H03D
    • H03D2200/0041Functional aspects of demodulators
    • H03D2200/0052Digital to analog conversion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03DDEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D2200/00Indexing scheme relating to details of demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier to another covered by H03D
    • H03D2200/0041Functional aspects of demodulators
    • H03D2200/0054Digital filters
    • H03D2200/0056Digital filters including a digital decimation filter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03DDEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D2200/00Indexing scheme relating to details of demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier to another covered by H03D
    • H03D2200/0041Functional aspects of demodulators
    • H03D2200/006Signal sampling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)

Abstract

一种用来接收调频信号的方法,其中调频信息信号被以低于奈奎施特取样速率取样,继之,该低于标准的取样的信号可以解调并由此提取原信息信号。

Description

本发明总的说来涉及调频无线电通信。
基于对感兴趣的信息信号进行调频的无线电通信已是人所共知的先有技术。迄今为止,大多数这种无线电通信均采用了模拟调制。然而,至少在这种无线电通信中有关接收、解调和/或音频处理功能部分的数字化方面已取得了某些进展。
为了便于这种数字处理,必须对接收到的调频信号在一些点上通过适当的取样处理予以数字化。然后可对这些信号作进一步的处理,以便提供一个适用于解调和后续处理的数字信号。
根据人们熟知的取样理论,取样频率至少必须是取样的信号的原有的信号带宽的两倍(见图1,图中信号带宽为±fFM)。因此,如果我们要接收在±12kHZ信道上传送的调频无线电通信信号,则可接受的该调频信号(假定为零中频)的取样速率(图2中fS)必须为25kHZ或更高才行。如果不满足此准则,则频谱会互相重迭(如图3所示),从而产生了混淆。按照传统的取样理论,一旦信号被混淆,就不可能重建原来的模拟信号。
由于对取样速率的这种限制,采用数字信号处理方式的调频无线电设备就必须将其大量的财力花费在处理代表原来模拟信息信号的大量的取样上。
尽管先有技术这样认为,但是本发明申请人却业已发现:一个基本上包含在约为±fMAX的预定带宽的所分配的信道上的已调信号,诸如一个调频信号那样的角调制信号,可以通过对该调频信号以低于2fMAX的取样速率fS进行取样而以数字化的形式被精确表示。此数字化的信号然后可被解调以得到原来模拟信息信号的再现。
虽然采用了一个比先有技术预测的理论最小值还要低许多的取样速率,本申请人却从中获得了如此好的结果。由于减小了取样速率,对数字信号的处理工作所需的处理量亦随之大大减少,因此有利于减少电耗,从而使数字处理器还可从事其它必需的工作。
图1示出了在所分配的信道内一个调频信号的频谱图;
图2示出了第一个取样后的信号的频谱图;
图2示出了第二个取样后的信号的频谱图;
图4示出了一个调频信号的另一频谱图;
图5示出了本发明的方框示意图;
图6为本发明的锐减中频滤波器的原理框图;
图7示出了原始信息信号的频谱和解调后的信号的频谱;
图8示出了在一个适当的载频上进行调频后的调频信号相对于信息信号载频的频谱图;和
图9为本发明的调频后的信息信号频谱并经取样之后的信号频谱。
现参阅图1。图中假设信息信号已被频率调制,调制后的信号分配在一个预定带宽约为±12.5kHz(±fMAX)的信道上。再参阅图5,图5中,上述调频信号由天线(501)接收,然后送至预选器及混频电路(502)以人们熟知的方式进行处理。在该实施例中,假设预选器和混频器方框(502)的输出信号503中包括在450kHz载波上调频的信息信号。该信号(503)然后送至诸如的(siema delta)A/D转换器那样的模拟-数字转换器(504)。此模拟-数字转换器(504)可有-例如14.4MHz的取样速率。
上述模-数转换器(504)的输出信号被送至混频器和滤波器级(505)。通常,混频器将载频减至零,并将输出一个已将取样速率从14.4MHz锐减至有效取样频率为33 1/3 kHz的输出信号。
混频器和滤波器(506)的输出信号然后被送至一个数字信号处理器(DSP)(507),数字信号处理器可采用例如,由马特罗拉(Motorola)公司制造的56000配件。配以适当的程序,(DSP)(507)便可提供锐减中频滤波器功能(508)和解调功能(509),和进行后续的音频处理(510)。锐减中频滤波器功能(508)通常能进一步将有效取样频率减至11kHz的取样频率,并衰减来自邻近调频信道的信号。
现参阅图6。图6用以说明图5中以数字508表示的锐减中频滤波器功能。锐减中频滤波功能本质上具有一个所谓有限脉冲响应的结构。事实上,锐减中频滤波器(508)接收混频器和滤波器(506)的输出信号,并给该信号提供一条延迟线,每个单元(601)提供一个取样延迟(为说明起见,在图6中示出5个这种延迟单元(601);在实际工作情况下,对熟悉本技术领域的人来说,不言而喻延迟单元的数目可以根据需要而定。原输入信号以及每个延迟单元(601)的输出信号分别经增益级(602)后送至求和点(602=3)。每个增益级(602)有一相应的增益(a0-a5),以人所共知的方式提供所需的滤波功能。
求和方框(603)将增益级(602)的所有输出相加,并将求和后的输出信号(604)送至图5中的解调器方框(509)。
如前所述,送至锐减中频滤波器级(508)的输入信号中包括表示具有有效取样速率为33 1/3 kHz(即每30微秒给出一个取样)的调频信号的数字信号。通过适当的软件控制,可以得到一个合适的控制信号(605),用来使求和处理(603)的输出只释放每一第三求和事件。其结果,每三个求和事件将被丢弃两个,而最后得到输出信号则以有效取样速率为11kHz的调频信号以每90微秒出现一次(实现该滤波器和锐减功能的目标程序附在下面)。当然,这样一个程序要在适当的调度程序的控制下运行,这是人们熟悉的先有技术。
再来看图5。上述减小了取样频率之后的信号被送至解调器(509)。在美国专利No.4,675,882中对此有所描述。然后将由此得到的解调后的信息信号送至适当的音频处理器(510),在那里将解调后的数字信号变换成再现在调制和发送前的原始模拟信号的模拟信号(511)。
图7中示出了包含感兴趣的信息信号的频谱,为了说明方便,我们假设此信息信号为一个3kHz的音频。图8中示出了该音频信号被以5kHz的频偏调频在一个预选的载频上之后的感兴趣的信息信号的频谱。
图9示出了经调频显以11kHz的取样速率在DSP(507)中取样后的感兴趣的信息信号的频谱,具体来说,它代表了送至解调级(509)之前的锐减中频滤波器(508)的输出信号。尽管采用了大大低于标准的取样频率,解调器方框(509)仍可给出一个表示在图7中的,即基本上与原来模拟信息信号相同的解调后的信息信号。
虽然传统的取样理论认为上述信号的取样频率须保持在或高于25kHz,然而,本申请人却发现,当取样速率大大低于理论标准时,(本例中取样速率为11kHz)仍可获得一个基本上精确的对原来模拟信号的复现。
似乎有一个取样速率的极限值。我们假定信息信号的最大频率为fMAX,峰值频偏为fD,则取样频率fS,似应大于两倍的fM或fD。对于传统的25kHz频宽信道的语音射频信道,其中fM典型值为3kHz而fD为5kHz,于是取样速率似应为10kHz。

Claims (6)

1、一种用来从已调的、基本上包含在提供给该调制信号的一个指定信道上的信号中获取信息信号的方法,其中上述指定信道有一个近似为±fMAX的预定带宽,其特征在于上述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)以取样速率fS对上述已调信号取样,其中上述取样速率fS小于2fMAX,以便提供一个由此产生的合成信号;
(2)解调所述合成信号,以便提供上述信息信号。
2、权利要求1中的方法,其中上述已调信号包括一个调频信号,而所述的指定信道相应于峰值频偏fD和最大频率fM,并且所述的取样速率fS不低于两倍的fM和fD
3、权利要求1的方法,其中fMAX基本上为25kHz而fS基本上为11kHz。
4、权利要求1的方法,其中所述已调信号以高于上述取样速率fS的第一取样速率被取样,并进而大大降低上述取样速率fS
5、权利要求1的方法,其中上述已调信号包括一个角调制信号。
6、权利要求1的方法,其中上述已调信号包括一个中频信号。
CN89107520A 1988-10-03 1989-09-27 取样速率减少的数字调频解调器 Pending CN1041679A (zh)

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US07/253,174 US5220583A (en) 1988-10-03 1988-10-03 Digital fm demodulator with a reduced sampling rate
US253,174 1994-05-31

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KR (1) KR900702667A (zh)
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CA (1) CA1336337C (zh)
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