CN104158279B - A kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting - Google Patents
A kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104158279B CN104158279B CN201410369831.6A CN201410369831A CN104158279B CN 104158279 B CN104158279 B CN 104158279B CN 201410369831 A CN201410369831 A CN 201410369831A CN 104158279 B CN104158279 B CN 104158279B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
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Abstract
A kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, category emergency lighting device field.Described emergency lighting system is using LED as light source, and it sets piezoelectric energy collector group on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, the energy that transformer vibration is produced is collected under resonance condition, and be converted into electric energy；The electric energy collected by piezoelectric energy collector group is converted into using rectification circuit to carry out energy stores in direct current energy, charged circuit feeding battery；By in the power output end access emergency lighting system of battery；When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, the power output end of emergency lighting system turn on automatically battery provides power supply for LED, realizes the function of emergency illumination of transformer station's emergency lighting system.It has not only reached energy-saving effect, while also there is the function of vibration and noise reducing to transformer.It can be widely used for transformer station's Emergency Light or switch the design of emergency operation power supply, manufacture field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to emergency lighting device field, more particularly to a kind of lighting device for transformer station's emergency lighting.
Background technology
Transformer station changes the place of voltage before being the electricity conveying for sending power plant.
In power system, transformer station is the assembly place of transmission and disttrbution, and its importance is self-evident.Transformer station once goes out
Existing failure, the electricity consumption to resident, factory etc. will cause significant impact and loss, therefore substation fault must be rushed to repair in time,
To reduce society and the economic loss that it is caused to greatest extent.
In existing transformer station, emergent accident illuminator as a kind of standard configuration, is widely used.
The emergent accident illuminator of one standard, generally by a set of ac-dc converting means, at least one set of battery
Constituted with the emergence lighting lamp for being distributed in each crucial lighting point etc..When the station of transformer station is normal with AC power supply system,
Emergent accident illuminator is powered by standing with AC power supply system, and the batteries in emergent accident illuminator are filled
Electricity, once the station of transformer station is disappeared with AC power, then transformer station's emergent accident illuminator automatically by switching circuit (or control
System switch) by batteries (also known as straight-flow system) usually in charged state, put into operation state, the power supply of batteries
Output end is powered to each emergence lighting lamp, it is ensured that required illumination in the state of accident.
Existing various emergent accident illuminators, its operation principle is actually similar with UPS devices with computer, is all
When AC power has electricity, batteries are charged with AC power, when AC power dead electricity, batteries are transferred to work
Make state, be that emergence lighting lamp or system provide emergency power supply, it is ensured that in emergency circumstances required minimum and necessary illumination is bright
Degree.
With continuing to develop for lighting engineering, the illuminator of various use LEDs arises at the historic moment, for example, public
Day is opened on 03 12nd, 2014, in Publication No. CN103632621A Chinese invention patent application, a kind of " energy-conservation is disclosed
Type LED emergency lightings and the integral label of equipment nameplate ", its label body is transparent light guide panel, in transparent light guide panel subscript
There is device numbering；LED is set around transparent light guide panel；The exiting surface of LED is towards transparent light guide
Panel；LED is connected through wire with the power supply of transformer station emergent accident lighting device.When transformer station's emergent accident illumination
After device starts, LED obtains electroluminescence, illuminates the device numbering on transparent light guide panel, helps operating personnel couple to set
Standby numbering famous brand carries out rapid correct reading, and provides accident emergency lighting source to position where label.Its is transparent
Light guide panel both can display device numbering word, illuminate surrounding enviroment but also as planar light source, the mistake of operations staff can be avoided
Operation, make use of illumination energy to greatest extent so that emergent accident lighting device and two one of device numbering famous brand,
Serve both functions.
Transformer noise is to be designed, type selecting layout, installed, during use, transformer body and cooling by body construction
The irregular of system generation, interval, continuous or random caused mechanical noise and airborne noise summation.
Specifically, the noise that transformer body vibration is produced has its source in：
(1) core vibration caused by the magnetostriction of silicon steel sheet；
(2) it there is the electromagnetic attraction produced by leakage field between silicon steel sheet seam crossing and lamination and cause shaking for iron core
It is dynamic；
(3) when have in Transformer Winding load current by when, the leakage field that load current is produced causes coil, oil tank wall
Vibration.
As economic continues to develop, the fossil energy such as coal, oil resource is increasingly reduced, countries in the world because constantly consuming
All greatly developing various regenerative resources, it is desirable to be able to which the energy that can be recycled in environment is collected and changed.
Piezoelectric energy collector is exactly a kind of device for realizing this function, and it is by piezoelectric (being typically piezoelectric ceramics)
" piezo-electric effect ", the various vibrational energies in environment are collected and are converted to electric energy.
Piezoelectric ceramics be it is a kind of can be by mechanical energy and the ceramic material of the mutual phase transformation of electric energy.So-called " piezo-electric effect "
Refer to some media when by mechanical pressure, even this pressure is small as acoustic vibration, can all produce compression or stretch
The change in shape such as long, causes dielectric surface powered, this is direct piezoelectric effect.Conversely, applying excitation electrical field, medium will produce machinery
Deformation, claims inverse piezoelectric effect.
If " piezo-electric effect " can be utilized to prepare a kind of self-service electric power system based on piezoelectric energy collector, it will become
The vibrational energy of depressor is collected and stored, and piezoelectric energy collector is combined with the emergency lighting system of transformer station, in power transformation
Stand failure when, powered in time for emergency-lighting set, can both realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improved failure and rob
Efficiency is repaiied, is guaranteed personal safety and equipment safety；The vibrational energy of transformer can be made full use of again, is turned waste into wealth, and contribute to section
It can lower consumption, the cost of reduction operation maintenance work, its realization and completion for conceiving, the economical operation for transformer station has very
Important meaning.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, and it uses pressure
Electric array apparatus is installed, is fixed in the specified location of transformer body or its accessory structure, in resonance as energy harvester
The energy that transformer vibration is produced is collected under state, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of switch, is not only reached
The effect of energy-conservation, while also there is the function of vibration and noise reducing to transformer.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, described emergency lighting are provided
System uses LED as light source, it is characterized in that：On the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, pressure is set
Electric flux collector group, for collect under resonance condition transformer vibration produce energy, and utilize " piezo-electric effect " by its
Be converted to electric energy；The electric energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group is converted into using rectification circuit stable, controllable
Energy stores are carried out in the direct current energy of system, charged circuit feeding battery；The power output end of the battery is accessed
In described emergency lighting system；When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, described emergency lighting system turn on automatically
The power output end of the battery, power supply is provided for described LED, realizes answering for transformer station's emergency lighting system
Anxious illumination functions.
Specifically, at connecting rod between the transformer spray bar and body, setting described piezoelectric energy collector
Group, drives described piezoelectric energy collector group to vibrate, generate electricity by described connecting rod.
Further, described piezoelectric energy collector group includes multiple piezoelectric energy collectors, described multiple piezoelectricity
Energy harvester is fixed in an integral frame structure；Described integral frame structure and the transformer body or transformer
Accessory structure be connected to one, the vibrational energy that the transformer is produced is transferred to described multiple piezoelectric energies
Collector.
Further, at the connecting rod between the transformer spray bar and body, described integral frame structure is set,
Described piezoelectric energy collector group, the entirety fixed as one by connecting rod and with it are set in the integral frame structure
Frame structure, drives described piezoelectric energy collector group vibration, generates electricity.
Specifically, the piezoelectric energy collector described in it is Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric energy collector, cydariform knot
Structure piezoelectric energy collector or big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy collector.
Specifically, the electric energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group, by voltage doubling rectifing circuit, is converted into stabilization
, controllable direct current energy.
Further, the resonant condition described in it refers to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz；Its described transformation
The fundamental vibration frequency of device is 100Hz, and the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric energy collector group is also 100Hz.
Charging circuit described in it is the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant pressure, described in whole charging process
The voltage of battery is with time exponentially form increase, but battery current is constant-current charging phase in the charging starting stage, then
With the time, exponentially form reduces；Battery is charged with a larger current when cell voltage is relatively low at the beginning of charging, Ran Houchong
Electric current is gradually reduced, untill battery is full of.
Battery described in it is lithium battery.
The self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in technical solution of the present invention, based on the pressure with " piezo-electric effect "
Electric flux collector, the vibrational energy of transformer is collected store using battery；It regard battery as the emergent of transformer station
The Emergency Lighting Supply of illuminator, is in time emergency lighting in transformer station's failure or its Exchange Station power loss
Equipment is powered；Both the emergency lighting under malfunction can be realized, breakdown repair efficiency is improved, guaranteed personal safety and equipment peace
Entirely；The vibrational energy of transformer can be made full use of again, turned waste into wealth, contribute to energy-saving, reduction operation/maintenance work into
This, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of a line switching；Meanwhile, can also vibration and noise reducing be realized to transformer
Function.
Compared with the prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：
1. using piezoelectric-array device, the array apparatus is fixed on to the specified location on transformer, in resonance shape
The energy that transformer vibration is produced is collected under state, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of switch, section has not been only reached
The effect of energy, while also there is the function of vibration and noise reducing to transformer；
2. use can be fastened on the integral frame structure on vibration source, multiple piezoelectric energy collectors are constituted into array,
It is fixed in frame structure, to improve its electric energy fan-out capability；
3. whole self-service electric power system can both realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, transformer can be made full use of again
Vibrational energy, turns waste into wealth, and the function of vibration and noise reducing can be also realized to transformer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mode of operation block diagram of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of integral frame structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric energy collector of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy collector of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the acceleration time domain figure of transformer vibration-testing point；
Fig. 7 is vibration characteristics distribution of the transformer vibration-testing point on frequency domain；
Fig. 8 is the circuit module schematic diagram of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the line map of charging circuit embodiment of the present invention.
1 is piezoelectric energy collector in figure, and 2 be integral frame structure, and 3 be vibration source, and 4 be mass loading, and 5-1 is first
Piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, 5-2 is the second piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, and 6 be substrate, and 7-1 is upper metal cap, and 7-2 is lower metal cap, and 8 be relaxation iron
Electric single-chip, 9 be copper ring, and 10-1 is upper copper sheet, and 10-2 is lower copper sheet, and 11 be circular piezoelectric single-chip, and 12 be that copper billet quality is born
Lotus, K is the automatic control switch that emergency lighting system is controlled.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In Fig. 1, technical scheme provide a kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, including containing
The emergency lighting system of LED, its inventive point is on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, sets pressure
Electric flux collector group, for collect under resonance condition transformer vibration produce energy, and utilize " piezo-electric effect " by its
Be converted to electric energy；The electric energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group is converted into using rectification circuit stable, controllable
Energy stores are carried out in the direct current energy of system, charged circuit feeding battery；The power output end of the battery is accessed
In described emergency lighting system；When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, described emergency lighting system turn on automatically
The power output end of the battery, power supply is provided for described LED, realizes answering for transformer station's emergency lighting system
Anxious illumination functions.
Specifically, at connecting rod between the transformer spray bar and body, setting described piezoelectric energy collector
Group, drives described piezoelectric energy collector group to vibrate, generate electricity by described connecting rod.
Further, described piezoelectric energy collector group includes multiple piezoelectric energy collectors, described multiple piezoelectricity
Energy harvester is fixed in an integral frame structure；Described integral frame structure and the transformer body or transformer
Accessory structure be connected to one, the vibrational energy that the transformer is produced is transferred to described multiple piezoelectric energies
Collector.
Further, at the connecting rod between the transformer spray bar and body, described integral frame structure is set,
Described piezoelectric energy collector group, the entirety fixed as one by connecting rod and with it are set in the integral frame structure
Frame structure, drives described piezoelectric energy collector group vibration, generates electricity.
Specifically, the piezoelectric energy collector described in it is Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric energy collector, cydariform knot
The big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy collector of structure piezoelectric energy collector or based single crystal lateral length stretch mode.
Specifically, the electric energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group, by voltage doubling rectifing circuit, is converted into stabilization
, controllable direct current energy.
Further, the resonant condition described in it refers to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz；Its described transformation
The fundamental vibration frequency of device is 100Hz, and the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric energy collector group is also 100Hz.
Charging circuit described in it is the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant pressure, described in whole charging process
The voltage of battery is with time exponentially form increase, but battery current is constant-current charging phase in the charging starting stage, then
With the time, exponentially form reduces；Battery is charged with a larger current when cell voltage is relatively low at the beginning of charging, Ran Houchong
Electric current is gradually reduced, untill battery is full of.
Battery described in it is lithium battery.
The self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in technical solution of the present invention, based on the pressure with " piezo-electric effect "
Electric flux collector, the vibrational energy of transformer is collected store using battery；It regard battery as the emergent of transformer station
The Emergency Lighting Supply of illuminator, is in time emergency lighting in transformer station's failure or its Exchange Station power loss
Equipment is powered；Both the emergency lighting under malfunction can be realized, breakdown repair efficiency is improved, guaranteed personal safety and equipment peace
Entirely；The vibrational energy of transformer can be made full use of again, turned waste into wealth, contribute to energy-saving, reduction operation/maintenance work into
This, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of a line switching；Meanwhile, can also vibration and noise reducing be realized to transformer
Function.
In Fig. 2, the general frame knot being connected to one with the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer is given
Structure, it is a frame structure 2 for carrying multiple tabulas, between each two tabula, is fixed with multiple piezoelectric energy collectors
1, one end of each multiple piezoelectric energy collector is fixed on described tabula, and the other end is in free state, is provided with one
Individual mass loading, when the vibrational energy that transformer is produced is conducted to each piezoelectric energy collector by integral frame structure,
Received mechanical oscillation are converted to electric energy and exported by each piezoelectric energy collector.
Described multiple piezoelectric energy collectors are parallel-connection structure on circuit, on the one hand can be avoided because of a piezoelectricity energy
Measure the damage of collector and influence the output of overall electric energy, on the other hand, using parallel-connection structure, larger electric current can be exported,
Larger charging current is provided for follow-up charging circuit, to meet the charging current requirement of battery.
In order to obtain bigger electric energy output, integral frame structure as depicted can set multiple, for example, in transformation
At connecting rod between device spray bar and body, some groups are symmetrically arranged (equivalent to even number as schemed in the upper and lower of connecting rod
Shown integral frame structure), so on the one hand multiple integral frame structures can be set with as much as possible, constitute a group pattern
Structure, on the other hand, also relates to the resonant frequency problem of integral frame structure integral part.Due to be in the technical program
Integral frame structure is caused to drive described piezoelectric energy under resonant condition (referring to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz)
The vibration of collector group, generating, therefore to choose suitable integral frame structure quality so that its resonant frequency and fixed general frame
The vibration frequency of the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer at structure matches, only in this way, could enable piezoelectricity
Measure collector group and be in optimum vibration frequency, export maximum power.
During actual implementation, single-store frame can be first made, a number of piezoelectric energy collector is fixed on single-store frame
Upper (for example, each row of single-store frame mounting structure primitive 3, often row 3, totally 9), then multiple single-store frames are run through tight
Gu together, the i.e. integral frame structure of forming array formula.
By test, the spray bar and the vibration acceleration of body connecting rod measured is in 0.4m/s2Left and right.It for details, reference can be made to figure
The acceleration time domain figure of the test point shown in 6.
Data are carried out with Fourier transformation, vibration characteristics distribution of the research spray bar with body connecting rod on frequency domain is understood,
As shown in fig. 7, transformer vibration is maximum with 100Hz frequencies accounting at this.
From the aspect of oscillation intensity and installation difficulty two, at the connecting rod of selection spray bar and body, general frame is used as
The position that structure is fixed, the integral frame structure (being referred to as power generation part) with multiple piezoelectric energy collectors is arranged on should
On connecting rod, power generation part vibrating power-generation is driven by connecting rod.
It can be derived from according to Theory of Vibration SDOF models, the power density of vibrating object (shake by unit mass under resonant frequency
Dynamic power) it can be expressed as：
Utilize the peak value 0.465m/s of acceleration2With the power density of 100Hz frequence estimation vibration source.Acceleration magnitude
Substituting into formula (1) with frequency can obtain：
Because the resonant frequency of bar linkage structure is far above the frequency 100Hz of vibration source.By integral frame structure (Power Generation Section
Point) be arranged on connecting rod on after, power generation part is as mass loading, and the resonant frequency of bar linkage structure can decline, if resonant frequency
Just 100Hz can be dropped to, then integral frame structure can receive the vibration of maximum intensity.
By finite element simulation simulation and field measurement, for 35kV main transformer, its power generation part gross mass
For 13.6kg；It is best position at body 8.6cm on connecting rod position between transformer spray bar and body.
In Fig. 3, the piezoelectric energy collector of the technical program can be collected using Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric energy
Device.
The structure of Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric energy collector passes through above and below a laminar substrate 6 (being sheet metal)
Surface is respectively bonded what piezoelectric monocrystal sheet 5-1,5-2 (i.e. commonly called piezoelectric layer or piezoelectric patches) constituted, piezoelectric monocrystal sheet
Area generally and sheet metal is equal or slightly smaller than sheet metal.
One end of twin lamella is fixed on vibration source 3 and vibrated with vibration source during experiment, and the other end is stained with different matter
Measure load 4.
To study influence of the thickness of piezoelectric monocrystal sheet and sheet metal in double wafer structure to energy harvester generating capacity,
To the piezoelectric patches of identical size, from the metal copper sheet of different-thickness, different twin lamella energy harvesters have been made.
In an experiment, selection size makees piezoelectricity for 58mm × 15mm × 0.5mm PZT potsherds (relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal piece)
Piece, metal copper sheet is bonded in copper sheet from the copper sheet that long a width of 70mm × 17mm, thickness are respectively 0.2mm, 0.5mm, piezoelectric patches
Middle part, only has copper sheet clamped fixation when one end is fixed on vibration source.
By testing and measuring, (1) with mass loading increase, the resonant frequency of twin lamella from 47Hz to 17Hz by
Gradually reduce；(2) highest open-circuit voltage is gradually increased to 35V from 20V, and this is primarily due to the increase of mass loading so that cantilever beam
Amplitude gradually increase, deformation quantity increase so that open-circuit voltage improve constantly.
By testing and measuring, obtain resonant frequency fixation piezoelectric monocrystal sheet beam type energy harvester some are excellent
Change guide：
1) compared to the width w and mass loading M of beamt, the resonant frequency of cantilever beam is to length L and substrate thickness tmMore
Sensitivity, so length L and substrate thickness tmPlayed a leading role in terms of the output performance of cantilever beam is improved.
2) want to increase the open-circuit voltage at piezoelectric layer two ends, can be increased by increasing the length of substrate thickness and reduction beam
Plus mass loading, still, change width, it is invalid to increase open-circuit voltage.
3) to increase energy, can by increasing the thickness of substrate, the length of reduction amount and the width of incrementss
Mode is realized.
4) when the mass loading of end keeps constant, there is an optimal substrate thickness with length change so that open
Road voltage and energy obtain maximum.
It is final to choose cantilever beam length L=20mm, width w=5mm, piezoelectric patches thickness tp=0.5mm, substrate thickness tm=
1mm, mass loading Mt=22g.
In Fig. 4, the piezoelectric energy collector of the technical program can also use big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy collector.
The structure of its big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy collector is by middle relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal piece 8 and disposed thereon, following table
The upper metal cap 7-1 in face and lower metal cap 7-2 compositions.
After the metal cap (copper cap) on relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal piece one side is fixed on vibration source, on the copper cap of another side
When bonding copper billet, the larger vibration mode of copper cap top displacement is suppressed, from its impedance spectrum, with the increasing of mass loading
Plus, resonance point is moved to low frequency direction, the device output impedance increase corresponding to resonance point, therefore needed for power output up to maximum
External build-out resistor increase.
Frequency analysis：Under 8.5g and 17.0g mass loadings, there is maximum in 650Hz and 500Hz respectively in output quantity.
Load resistance is analyzed：Power output is respectively 57k Ω and 74k in outer meeting resistance under 8.5g and 17.0g mass loadings
Maximum is reached during Ω.
Output size：The big cymbals device is under the effect of 0.55N motive forces, and power output is 14mW, and power density is
188mW/cm3。
In Fig. 5, the piezoelectric energy collector of the technical program can also use cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester.
Its cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester by middle copper ring 9, upper copper sheet 10-1 positioned at the upper and lower surface of copper ring,
Lower copper sheet 10-2, a circular piezoelectric single-chip (PMNT single-chips) is adhesively fixed again on upper copper sheet, by cydariform piezoelectric structure
The lower surface of energy harvester is fixed on vibration source, a copper billet is adhesively fixed in the center of upper surface negative as quality
Carry.
During actual implementation, diameter 25mm, thickness are stained with external diameter 23mm, internal diameter 21mm, high 3mm copper ring upper and lower surface
0.15mm upper and lower copper sheet, is stained with diameter 17mm, thickness 0.5mm circular piezoelectric single-chip (PMNT monocrystalline again on upper copper sheet
Piece), the lower surface of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester is fixed on vibration source, the center in its upper surface is viscous always
Footpath 5mm, quality 0.5g copper billet are used as mass loading.
The resonant frequency of such a cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester structure is 710Hz or so, and maximum output voltage can be with
Reach more than 7V.
Compared with the structure of the piezoelectric energy collector of Bicrystal junction structure shown in Fig. 3, the drum organization has its peculiar
Advantage：On the one hand, the structure does not need the space needed for the long-armed and swing arm of cantilever beam structure, only the very little model above and below drum surface
Space needed for enclosing internal vibration, therefore work is smaller, is more suitable for working in the vibration environment in small space；On the other hand, cydariform
Structure floor is larger, preferably can be adhesively fixed with vibration source together with.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is the acceleration time domain figure and the test point of test point at spray bar and body connecting rod on frequency domain
Vibration characteristics distribution map, as seen from the figure, the vibration acceleration of spray bar and body connecting rod is in 0.4m/s2Left and right, transformer at this
Vibration is maximum with 100Hz frequencies accounting.
In Fig. 8, the circuit module of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention includes piezoelectric energy collector group, rectified current
Road, charging circuit, battery and the LED for serving as emergency lighting system light emitting source.
Its piezoelectric energy collector group, for collecting the energy that transformer vibration is produced under resonance condition, and utilizes " pressure
Electrical effect " is converted into electric energy.
The electric energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group is converted into using voltage doubling rectifing circuit stable, controllable
Energy stores are carried out in the direct current energy of system, charged circuit feeding battery.
In battery and serve as between the LED of emergency lighting system light emitting source, be serially connected with emergency lighting system
The automatic control switch K of control.
When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, the automatic control switch closure of the emergency lighting system, automatically
The power output end of the battery is connected, power supply is provided for described LED, realizes transformer station's emergency lighting system
Function of emergency illumination.
Above-mentioned voltage doubling rectifing circuit uses conventional voltage doubling rectifing circuit,
In Fig. 9, the charging circuit of the technical program is proposed according to 20 th century America scientist Maas (J.A.Mas)
Battery fills three laws soon, and with reference to the charging circuit that is improved of high-impedance behavior of piezoelectric, the charging circuit is with DC-DC
Converter is core, with reference to control circuit, overcome electricity generation material output electric energy it is unstable, can not manual control lack
The electric energy being collected on vibrational energy collector, is converted to stabilization, controllable electric energy for battery charging by point.
According to charge characteristic of the battery in vibration energy harvesting system, design and employ energy storage, immediately electric discharge and
The charging strategy of illumination is managed to limited electric energy.
Battery based on Mas fills three laws soon, for piezo-electric type electricity generation material, devises the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant pressure
Charging circuit, according to the theory, voltage and current of the battery in charging process can be represented by the formula：
Vb(s)=V∞+(V0-V∞)e-αs,
S represents charging interval, s in formulacRepresent time turning point of the battery by constant-current charge to current index decay charging.
Theoretical, the s from electrochemical rechargeable batterycBy following conditional decision：Work as s=scWhen, the electric charge stored in battery be usually battery most
The 80% of large charge amount of storage Qm.V0Represent the initial voltage of battery, V∞Represent the charging limitation voltage of battery.α is constant, I0
Represent the charging current of initial charging phase.
Analyzed from above formula：In whole charging process, cell voltage will exponentially form increases with the time, but battery
Electric current is constant-current charging phase in the charging starting stage, and then with the time, exponentially form reduces.Therefore it can predict：In charging
At the beginning of cell voltage it is relatively low when with a larger current to battery charge, rear charging current is gradually reduced, untill being full of.
Specifically, its charging circuit is by DC-DC boost chips, resistance R0~R8, adjustable resistance RT, electric capacity C1~C6, two
Pole pipe D1~D4, inductance L11 and FET BGA compositions；Wherein, the power input INPUT and AVIN of DC-DC boost chips
Pin is connected, and the power input is also connected by diode D1 with the PVIN pins of DC-DC boost chips, the power input
Also be connected simultaneously by resistance R2, diode D2 with the CHC pins of DC-DC boost chips, also by resistance R3, diode D3 and
The EOC pins connection of DC-DC boost chips, and be grounded through electric capacity C1.
The LVO pins and NC pins of DC-DC boost chips are connected with resistance R1 and electric capacity C2 one end, and electric capacity C2's is another
End ground connection, the resistance R1 other end is connected with the TP pins of DC-DC boost chips, and the resistance R1 other end is while and adjustable resistance
RT and resistance R0 one end connection, adjustable resistance RT and resistance R0 other end ground connection.
The GND pins ground connection of DC-DC boost chips.
The ISET pins of DC-DC boost chips are grounded through resistance R4, and the IEOC pins of DC-DC boost chips connect through resistance R5
Ground, the VAD pins of DC-DC boost chips are grounded through resistance R6.
The VBAT pins of DC-DC boost chips and electric capacity C3, electric capacity C6, resistance R8 one end, and battery (in figure with
Battery is represented) positive pole correspondence connect, constitute system load SYSTEM LOAD ends, the negative pole ground connection of battery.
Electric capacity C3 and electric capacity C6 other end ground connection.
The DRI pins of DC-DC boost chips are connected with FET BGA grid G, FET BGA source S with
The PVIN pins connection of DC-DC boost chips, and be connected simultaneously with load SYSTEM LOAD ends, FET BGA drain D
One end of one end, diode D4 negative pole and resistance R7 with inductance L11 is connected simultaneously, diode D4 plus earth, electricity
The other end for hindering R7 is grounded through electric capacity C4.
The inductance L11 other end is connected with the SNS pins of DC-DC boost chips, and the other end with resistance R5 connects simultaneously
Connect, also by electric capacity C5 ground connection.
It is apparent that this is an inductance type DC-DC booster circuit, effect pipe BGA therein serves as the effect of switching tube.
DC-DC boost chips can select the commercially available prod such as LK8811, MAX732 or MC34063A.
Using the DC-DC booster circuit of technical solution of the present invention, by piezoelectric energy collector group (generating body) electricity
3V can be boosted to two section lithium battery (350mAh is often saved) chargings, such as counted according to the generating body charging current 0.416mA of actual measurement
Calculate, about needed 70 days full of two section lithium batteries, 3 60mW LED white lights can be driven to illuminate about 3.88 hours.
Above-mentioned DC-DC booster circuit is connected composition one with battery, you can constitute a DC-DC accumulator.
The DC-DC accumulators can not only serve as the power supply of transformer station's emergency lighting system using LED,
It can also act as the emergency operation power supply of a line switching.
As it was previously stated, transformer noise is to be designed, type selecting layout, installed, during use, transformer sheet by body construction
Body and the irregular of cooling system generation, interval, continuous or random caused mechanical noise and airborne noise summation.Transformer institute
The noise of generation influences the places such as residential quarters, commercial center, light station, airport, factories and miness, enterprise, hospital, school extensively.Specifically
For, the noise that transformer body vibration is produced has its source in：
(1) core vibration caused by the magnetostriction of silicon steel sheet；
(2) it there is the electromagnetic attraction produced by leakage field between silicon steel sheet seam crossing and lamination and cause shaking for iron core
It is dynamic；
(3) when have in winding load current by when, the leakage field that load current is produced causes the vibration of coil, oil tank wall.
In 3 kinds of noises of the above, occur with the silicon steel sheet of the first noise, that is, composition iron core under action of alternating magnetic field
Minor variations are magnetostriction, and magnetostriction makes iron core do periodic vibration with excitation frequency change and cause.
Because the electric current in transformer coil is sinusoidal variations, the magnetic field produced in iron core is also sinusoidal variations, if the magnetic
The magnetic induction intensity of field is B=B0Sin ω t's, magnetostrictive deformation x and magnetic field B square is directly proportional, i.e.,：
From above formula, magnetostrictive deformation frequency (i.e. vibration frequency) is 2 times of field frequency.
The civilian electric fundamental frequency of China is 50Hz, and the alternating magnetic field fundamental frequency of generation is also 50Hz, therefore caused by magnetostriction
Transformer fundamental vibration frequency is 100Hz.
As it was previously stated, in the technical program with piezoelectric energy collector group integral frame structure device (or be referred to as
Array apparatus), its resonant frequency is 100Hz.
The array apparatus is fixed on transformer body or the certain position of its annex, piezoelectric energy collector is utilized
Group under resonance condition collect transformer vibration produce energy, for transformer station's Emergency Light and switch emergency operation, no
The effect of energy-conservation is only reached, while also there is the function of vibration and noise reducing to transformer.
As one kind supplement and extension, the thinking of problem can be also solved using the technical program, power transformation is transported in transformer station
On the inspection route of row work, set and make piezo-electric type electricity-generating floor using piezoelectric energy collector group, laying on the ground, can be used
Energy produced by collector walks, trampled.One people walks about or beated on electricity-generating floor, and electric current can reach
4.08mA, power output reaches 333mW, and corresponding voltage is 81.6V, can directly drive at least 30 LEDs to light, by this
Energy stores are got up, and also have good application value in the passive self-service electric power system of transformer station.
Due to the present invention using piezoelectric-array device as energy harvester, install, be fixed on transformer body or its is attached
In the specified location of part structure, the energy that transformer vibration is produced is collected under resonance condition, stores it in battery, uses
In transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of a line switching, expected energy-saving effect has not been only reached, while to transformation
Device also has the function of vibration and noise reducing.
It the method can be widely used in transformer station's Emergency Light or switch the design of emergency operation power supply, manufacture field.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, described emergency lighting system is used as light using LED
Source, the described self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, including piezoelectric energy collector group is set, and utilize " piezo-electric effect "
Mechanical oscillation are converted into electric energy；The electric energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group is converted into surely using rectification circuit
Energy stores are carried out in fixed/controllable direct current energy, charged circuit feeding battery；The power output end of battery is connect
Enter in transformer station's emergency lighting system；When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, described in emergency lighting system turn on automatically
The power output end of battery, provides power supply for described LED, realizes the emergent photograph of transformer station's emergency lighting system
Bright function；It is characterized in that：
At connecting rod between the transformer spray bar and body, described piezoelectric energy collector group is set, by described
Connecting rod, described piezoelectric energy collector group vibration/generating is driven, for collecting transformer vibration generation under resonance condition
Energy；
Described resonant condition refers to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz；The fundamental vibration frequency of its transformer is
100Hz, the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric energy collector group is also 100Hz；
Described piezoelectric energy collector group includes multiple piezoelectric energy collectors, and described multiple piezoelectric energy collectors are fixed
In an integral frame structure；Described integral frame structure and the accessory structure of the transformer body or transformer are fixed
Connect as one, the vibrational energy that the transformer is produced, be transferred to described multiple piezoelectric energy collectors；
Wherein, described piezoelectric energy collector is Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric energy collector, drum organization piezoelectricity energy
Measure collector or big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy collector；
Described charging circuit is the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant pressure, in whole charging process, the battery
Voltage with the time exponentially form increase, but battery current charging the starting stage be constant-current charging phase, then with the time
Exponentially form reduces；Battery is charged with a larger current when cell voltage is relatively low at the beginning of charging, then charging current
It is gradually reduced, untill battery is full of；
The described self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, piezoelectric energy collector group is installed, transformer body is fixed on
Or in the specified location of its accessory structure, based on the piezoelectric energy collector with " piezo-electric effect ", collect under resonance condition
The energy that transformer vibration is produced, the vibrational energy of transformer is collected store using battery；Broken down in transformer station
Or during its Exchange Station power loss, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of a line switching；Both it can improve
Breakdown repair efficiency, guarantees personal safety and equipment safety；The vibrational energy of transformer can be made full use of again, is turned waste into wealth, and had
Help energy-saving, the cost of reduction operation/maintenance work, do not only reached the effect of energy-conservation, while can also be real to transformer
The function of existing vibration and noise reducing.
2. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in claim 1, it is characterized in that in the transformer oil spout
At connecting rod between pipe and body, described integral frame structure is set, described pressure is set in the integral frame structure
Electric flux collector group, the integral frame structure fixed as one by connecting rod and with it drives described piezoelectric energy to collect
The vibration of device group, generating.
3. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the piezoelectric energy is collected
Electric energy collected by device group, by voltage doubling rectifing circuit, is converted into stable, controllable direct current energy.
4. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described battery is lithium
Battery.
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| WO2017102977A1 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | An accessory system and a method of powering an accessory |
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| CN87205538U (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1988-09-07 | 新乡市东海配电设备厂 | Medium power cd-ni battery dc power supply set |
| CN102226503A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-26 | 上海大学 | Lighting system using vibration energy piezoelectric generation |
| CN103346252A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-10-09 | 重庆大学 | MEMS vibration energy collector based on PZT piezoelectric beam array |
| CN203503261U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-03-26 | 国家电网公司 | Passive warning board for transformer |
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2014
- 2014-07-30 CN CN201410369831.6A patent/CN104158279B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87205538U (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1988-09-07 | 新乡市东海配电设备厂 | Medium power cd-ni battery dc power supply set |
| CN102226503A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-10-26 | 上海大学 | Lighting system using vibration energy piezoelectric generation |
| CN103346252A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-10-09 | 重庆大学 | MEMS vibration energy collector based on PZT piezoelectric beam array |
| CN203503261U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-03-26 | 国家电网公司 | Passive warning board for transformer |
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