CN104135050B - A kind of transformer energy saving noise reduction process method - Google Patents
A kind of transformer energy saving noise reduction process method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104135050B CN104135050B CN201410369823.1A CN201410369823A CN104135050B CN 104135050 B CN104135050 B CN 104135050B CN 201410369823 A CN201410369823 A CN 201410369823A CN 104135050 B CN104135050 B CN 104135050B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
Abstract
A kind of transformer energy saving noise reduction process method, belongs to noise elimination field.It arranges the self-service electric power system of piezoelectric energy catcher group, rectification circuit, charging circuit and an accumulator including being sequentially connected with；Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is for collecting the produced energy of transformator vibration under resonance condition, and utilizes " piezoelectric effect " to be converted into electric energy；Using rectification circuit that the electric energy collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is converted into direct current energy, charged circuit is sent in accumulator and is carried out energy storage；Described self-service electric power system, based on the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher with " piezoelectric effect ", collect the energy that transformator vibration produces under resonance condition, store it in accumulator, while the operation being embodied as transformer station's emergency lighting system or primary line way switch provides emergency power supply, transformator is realized the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to noise elimination field, particularly relate to a kind of method of canceling noise for transformator.
Background technology
Transformer station is the place changing voltage before the electricity sent in power plant carries.
In existing transformer station, emergent accident illuminator as a kind of standard configuration, is widely used.
The emergent accident illuminator of one standard, generally by a set of ac-dc conversion device, least one set electric power storage
Pond and the emergence lighting lamp etc. being distributed in each crucial lighting point are constituted.Station AC power supply system in transformer station
Time normal, emergent accident illuminator is powered with AC power supply system, to the storage in emergent accident illuminator by standing
Set of cells is charged, and once the station of transformer station alternating current power supply disappears, then transformer station's emergent accident illuminator is certainly
Move and will be in the accumulator battery (also known as straight-flow system) of charged state at ordinary times by switching circuit (or controlling switch)
Put into operation state, and each emergence lighting lamp is powered by the power output end of accumulator battery, it is ensured that in accident
Illumination required under state.
Existing various emergent accident illuminator, its operation principle is actually similar with computer UPS device,
It is all when alternating current power supply has electricity, by alternating current power supply, accumulator battery is charged, when alternating current power supply dead electricity, store
Set of cells proceeds to duty, provides emergency power supply for emergence lighting lamp or system, it is ensured that in emergency circumstances required
Minimum and necessary brightness of illumination.
Along with the development of lighting engineering, the lighting of various employing LED arises at the historic moment, such as,
Publication date is on 03 12nd, 2014, in the Chinese invention patent application of Publication No. CN103632621A,
Disclosing one " energy-saving LED emergency lighting and equipment nameplate one label ", its label body is transparent light guide
Panel, is marked with device numbering at transparent light guide panel；It is arranged around LED at transparent light guide panel；
The exiting surface of LED is towards transparent light guide panel；LED is through wire and transformer station's emergent accident
The power supply of illuminator connects.After transformer station's emergent accident illuminator starts, LED obtains electroluminescence,
Illuminate the device numbering on transparent light guide panel, help operator that device numbering famous brand is carried out the most correct
Reading, and to position, label place provide accident emergency lighting source.Its transparent light guide panel both can display device
Numbering word, can illuminate surrounding enviroment as planar light source again, can avoid the maloperation of operations staff, to greatest extent
Make use of illumination energy so that emergent accident illuminator and two one of device numbering famous brand, play double
Recast is used.
Transformer noise be by body construction design, type selecting layout, install, use during, transformer body and
The mechanical noise irregular, that cause intermittently, continuously or at random of cooling system generation and airborne noise summation.
Specifically, the noise that transformer body vibration produces has its source in:
(1) core vibration that the magnetostriction of stalloy causes；
(2) there is, between stalloy seam crossing and lamination, the electromagnetic attraction produced because of leakage field and cause iron core
Vibration；
(3) when there being load current to pass through in Transformer Winding, the leakage field that load current produces causes coil, oil
The vibration of tank wall.
Along with economic development, the fossil energy resource such as coal, oil reduces, the world day by day because constantly consuming
Each state is all greatly developing various regenerative resource, it is desirable to be able to received by the energy that can recycle in environment
Collection and conversion.Piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is exactly a kind of device realizing this function, and it is to pass through piezoelectric
Various vibrational energies in environment are collected and are converted to electric energy by " piezoelectric effect " of (typically piezoelectric ceramics).
Piezoelectric ceramics be a kind of can be by the ceramic material of mutual to mechanical energy and electric energy phase transformation.It is so-called that " piezoelectricity is imitated
Should " refer to that some medium, when by mechanical pressure, even this pressure is small as acoustic vibration, all can produce
The change of shape such as raw compression or elongation, cause dielectric surface charged, and this is direct piezoelectric effect.Otherwise, apply excitation
Electric field, medium will produce mechanically deform, claim inverse piezoelectric effect.
Store, by piezoelectric vibration energy if able to utilize " piezoelectric effect " vibrational energy of transformator to be collected
Catcher combines with the emergency lighting system of transformer station, when transformer station breaks down, sets for emergency lighting in time
Available electricity, both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improved breakdown repair efficiency, guarantee personal safety and
Equipment safety；The vibrational energy of transformator can be made full use of again, turn waste into wealth, not only reach energy-conservation effect, with
Time transformator also had the function of vibration and noise reducing, contribute to saving energy and reduce the cost, reduce the cost of operation maintenance work,
Its design realization and complete, for transformer station economical operation have be of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of transformer energy saving noise reduction process method, and it uses array
Formula piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, as energy gathering apparatus, is installed, is fixed on transformer body or its adnexa
On the appointment position of structure, absorb under resonance condition, collect the energy that transformator vibration produces, for transformer station
Emergency Light and the emergency operation of switch, do not only reached energy-conservation effect, also has vibration damping to drop to transformator simultaneously
The function made an uproar.
A kind of transformer energy saving noise reduction process method of offer is provided, it is characterized in that: arrange one
The self-service power supply system of individual piezoelectric energy catcher group, rectification circuit, charging circuit and the accumulator including being sequentially connected with
System；Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is arranged on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformator, is used for
Collect the produced energy of transformator vibration under resonance condition, and utilize " piezoelectric effect " to be converted into electric energy；
Rectification circuit is used to be converted into by the electric energy collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group stable, controlled straight
Stream electric energy, charged circuit is sent in accumulator and is carried out energy storage；The power output end of described accumulator is accessed
In the emergency lighting system of transformer station or the DC operating system of primary line way switch；Exchange Station electricity consumption when transformer station
During the dead electricity of source, described emergency lighting system, by controlling the automatic Guan Bi of automatic control switch K1, is connected described
The power output end of accumulator, described self-service electric power system provides power supply for LED, it is achieved transformer station
Emergency lighting function；Or, when the DC operating system power loss of transformer station, control switch by Guan Bi
K2, the operation that described self-service electric power system is transforming plant primary line switching provides emergency operation DC source；Institute
The self-service electric power system stated, based on having the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of " piezoelectric effect ", absorbs, collects change
The produced energy of depressor vibration, provides in the operation being embodied as transformer station's emergency lighting system or primary line way switch
While emergency power supply, transformator is realized the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Concrete, at the connecting rod between the spray bar and body of described transformator, described piezoelectric vibration energy is set
Amount catcher group, is vibrated by the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group described in described connecting rod drive, is generated electricity.
Further, described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group includes multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, described
Multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers be fixed in a general frame structure；Described general frame structure and institute
The accessory structure stating transformer body or transformator is connected to one, the vibrational energy produced by described transformator
Amount, is transferred to described multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers.
Further, at the connecting rod between the spray bar and body of described transformator, described general frame is set
Structure, arranges described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group in described general frame structure, by connecting rod and and its
The general frame structure fixed as one, the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group vibration described in drive, generating.
Concrete, its described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is that Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric vibration energy is collected
Device, drum organization piezoelectric vibration energy catcher or big cymbals structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher.
Concrete, collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group electric energy, through voltage doubling rectifing circuit, turns
Change stable, controllable direct current energy into.
Further, its described resonant condition refers to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz；Described in it
The fundamental vibration frequency of transformator is 100Hz, and the resonant frequency of described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is also 100Hz.
Its described charging circuit is the charging circuit of current limliting constant voltage fast mold filling formula, in whole charging process, institute
The voltage the most exponentially form stating accumulator increases, but battery current is constant-current charge rank in the charging starting stage
Section, the most exponentially form reduces；By a larger current to electricity when at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is relatively low
Charging in pond, then charging current is gradually reduced, till battery is full of.
Its described accumulator is lithium battery.
Transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in technical solution of the present invention, based on the pressure with " piezoelectric effect "
Electric oscillation energy harvester, uses accumulator the vibrational energy of transformator to be collected and stores；Using accumulator as change
The Emergency Lighting Supply of the emergency lighting system in power station, breaks down or its Exchange Station power loss in transformer station
Time, power for emergency-lighting set in time；Both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair
Efficiency, guarantees personal safety and equipment safety；Can fully absorb again, utilize the vibrational energy of transformator, become give up into
Treasured, contributes to saving energy and reduce the cost, and reduces the cost of operation/maintenance work, for transformer station's Emergency Light and a circuit
The emergency operation of switch；Meanwhile, also transformator can be realized the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention have the advantage that
1. use array device for collecting piezoelectric vibration energy, the finger being fixed on transformator by this array apparatus
Location is put, and collects the energy that transformator vibration produces under resonance condition, for transformer station's Emergency Light and switch
Emergency operation, has not only reached energy-conservation effect, has also had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously to transformator；
2. use the general frame structure can being fastened on vibration source, multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers are formed
Array, is fixed in frame structure, to improve its electric energy fan-out capability；
The most whole self-service electric power system both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, can make full use of again transformator
Vibrational energy, turn waste into wealth, also transformator can be realized the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that technical solution of the present invention realizes transformer vibration damping noise reduction mode of operation；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of general frame structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of big cymbals structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the acceleration time domain figure of transformator vibration-testing point；
Fig. 7 is the vibration characteristics distribution on frequency domain of the transformator vibration-testing point；
Fig. 8 is the circuit module schematic diagram of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the layout of charging circuit embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1 is piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, and 2 is general frame structure, and 3 is vibration source, and 4 is mass loading,
5-1 is the first piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, and 5-2 is the second piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, and 6 is substrate, and 7-1 is upper metal cap, and 7-2 is
Lower metal cap, 8 is relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet, and 9 is copper ring, and 10-1 is upper copper sheet, and 10-2 is lower copper sheet, and 11 are
Circular piezoelectric single-chip, 12 is copper billet mass loading, and K is the automatic control switch that emergency lighting system controls.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In Fig. 1, technical scheme provides a kind of transformer energy saving noise reduction process method, it is characterized in that:
The self-service of one piezoelectric energy catcher group, rectification circuit, charging circuit and accumulator including being sequentially connected with is set
Electric power system；Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is arranged on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformator
On, for collecting the produced energy of transformator vibration under resonance condition, and utilize " piezoelectric effect " by its turn
It is changed to electric energy；Rectification circuit is used to be converted into by the electric energy collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group stable
/ controlled direct current energy, charged circuit is sent in accumulator and is carried out energy storage；Power supply by described accumulator
Outfan accesses in the emergency lighting system of transformer station or the DC operating system of primary line way switch.
When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, described emergency lighting system is by controlling automatic control switch
The automatic Guan Bi of K1, connects the power output end of described accumulator, and described self-service electric power system is that LED is luminous
Device provides power supply, it is achieved the emergency lighting function of transformer station.
Or, when the DC operating system power loss of transformer station, control switch K2 by Guan Bi, described from
The operation that electric power system is transforming plant primary line switching is helped to provide emergency operation DC source.
Described self-service electric power system, based on having the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of " piezoelectric effect ", absorb/
Collect the produced energy of transformator vibration, be embodied as transformer station's emergency lighting system or the behaviour of primary line way switch
While making to provide emergency power supply, transformator is realized the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Concrete, at the connecting rod between described transformator spray bar and body, described piezoelectric vibration energy is set
Catcher group, is vibrated by the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group described in described connecting rod drive, is generated electricity.
Further, described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group includes multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, described
Multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers be fixed in a general frame structure；Described general frame structure and institute
The accessory structure stating transformer body or transformator is connected to one, the vibrational energy produced by described transformator
Amount, is transferred to described multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers.
Further, at the connecting rod between the spray bar and body of described transformator, described general frame is set
Structure, arranges described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group in described general frame structure, by connecting rod and and its
The general frame structure fixed as one, the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group vibration described in drive, generating.
Concrete, its described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is that Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric vibration energy is collected
The big cymbals structure piezoelectricity of device, drum organization piezoelectric vibration energy catcher or based single crystal lateral length stretch mode shakes
Energy catcher.
Concrete, collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group electric energy, through voltage doubling rectifing circuit, turns
Change stable, controllable direct current energy into.
Further, its described resonant condition refers to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz；Described in it
The fundamental vibration frequency of transformator is 100Hz, and the resonant frequency of described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is also 100Hz.
Its described charging circuit is the charging circuit of current limliting constant voltage fast mold filling formula, in whole charging process, institute
The voltage the most exponentially form stating accumulator increases, but battery current is constant-current charge rank in the charging starting stage
Section, the most exponentially form reduces；By a larger current to electricity when at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is relatively low
Charging in pond, then charging current is gradually reduced, till battery is full of.
Its described accumulator is lithium battery.
Transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in technical solution of the present invention, based on the pressure with " piezoelectric effect "
Electric oscillation energy harvester, uses accumulator the vibrational energy of transformator to be collected and stores；Using accumulator as change
The Emergency Lighting Supply of the emergency lighting system in power station, breaks down or its Exchange Station power loss in transformer station
Time, power for emergency-lighting set in time；Both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair
Efficiency, guarantees personal safety and equipment safety；Can fully absorb again, utilize the vibrational energy of transformator, become give up into
Treasured, contributes to saving energy and reduce the cost, and reduces the cost of operation/maintenance work, for transformer station's Emergency Light and a circuit
The emergency operation of switch；Meanwhile, also transformator can be realized the function of vibration and noise reducing.
In Fig. 2, give the general frame that the accessory structure with transformer body or transformator is connected to one
Structure, it is a frame structure 2 with multiple tabulas, between each two tabula, is fixed with multiple piezoelectricity
Vibrational energy collector 1, one end of each multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers is fixed on described tabula, separately
One end is in free state, is provided with a mass loading, and the vibrational energy produced when transformator passes through general frame
When structure conduction is to each piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, each piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is by received machine
Tool vibrates, and is converted to electric energy and exports.
Described multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers are parallel-connection structure on circuit, on the one hand can avoid because of one
The damage of piezoelectric vibration energy catcher and affect the output of overall electric energy, on the other hand, use parallel-connection structure, can
To export bigger electric current, provide bigger charging current for follow-up charging circuit, to meet the charging of accumulator
Current requirements.
In order to obtain bigger electric energy output, general frame structure as depicted can arrange multiple, such as,
At connecting rod between transformator spray bar and body, the upper and lower at connecting rod is all symmetrically arranged some groups (quite
In even number general frame as depicted structure), so on the one hand multiple overall frame can as much as possible be set
Shelf structure, constitutes a group pattern structure, on the other hand, also relates to the resonance frequency of general frame structure integral part
Rate problem.Owing to the technical program being resonant condition (referring to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz)
Under make general frame structure drive described in the vibration of piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group, generating, therefore to choose suitable
General frame architecture quality so that the transformer body at its resonant frequency and fixing general frame structure or transformation
The vibration frequency of the accessory structure of device matches, and only in this way, piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group just can be made to be in
Optimum vibration frequency, exports maximum power.
During actual enforcement, can first make single-store frame, a number of piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is fixed on list
On layer framework (such as, each single-store frame mounting structure primitive 3 row, often row 3, totally 9), then will be many
Individual single-store frame runs through and tightens together, i.e. the general frame structure of forming array formula.
By the acceleration of vibration of test, the spray bar recorded and body connecting rod at 0.4m/s2Left and right.Specifically can join
The acceleration time domain figure of this test point as shown in Figure 6.
Data carry out Fourier transformation, and the vibration characteristics distribution on frequency domain of research spray bar and body connecting rod can
Know, as it is shown in fig. 7, transformator vibration is maximum with 100Hz frequency accounting at this.
From the standpoint of oscillation intensity and installation difficulty two, select at the connecting rod of spray bar and body, as overall frame
The position that shelf structure is fixing, (referred to as will generate electricity with the general frame structure of multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers
Part) it is arranged on this connecting rod, drive power generation part vibrating power-generation by connecting rod.
Can be derived from according to Theory of Vibration SDOF model, the power density (unit mass of vibrating object under resonant frequency
Oscillation power) can be expressed as:
Utilize the peak value 0.465m/s of acceleration2Power density with the frequence estimation vibration source of 100Hz.Accelerating
Angle value and frequency substitute into formula (1) and can obtain:
Resonant frequency due to bar linkage structure is far above frequency 100Hz of vibration source.By (the generating of general frame structure
Part) be arranged on connecting rod after, power generation part can decline as mass loading, the resonant frequency of bar linkage structure,
If resonant frequency can drop to just 100Hz, then general frame structure can receive the vibration of maximum intensity.
Being simulated by finite element simulation and field measurement, for the main transformer of a 35kV, its power generation part is total
Quality is 13.6kg；On connecting rod position between transformator spray bar and body, at distance body 8.6cm, for
Best position.
In Fig. 3, the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of the technical program can use Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectricity to shake
Energy catcher.
The structure of Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is by a laminar substrate 6 (for sheet metal)
Each bonding piezoelectric monocrystal sheet 5-1, a 5-2 (the most commonly called piezoelectric layer or the piezoelectric patches) composition of upper and lower surface
, the area of piezoelectric monocrystal sheet is generally and sheet metal is equal or slightly smaller than sheet metal.
During experiment, one end of twin lamella is fixed on vibration source 3 and vibrates with vibration source, and the other end is stained with different
Mass loading 4.
For the thickness of piezoelectric monocrystal sheet and the sheet metal shadow to energy harvester generating capacity in research double wafer structure
Ring, the piezoelectric patches to same size, select the metal copper sheet of different-thickness, made different twin lamella energy and received
Storage.
In an experiment, the PZT potsherd (relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal of a size of 58mm × 15mm × 0.5mm is selected
Sheet) make piezoelectric patches, metal copper sheet selects long a width of 70mm × 17mm, thickness to be respectively 0.2mm, 0.5mm
Copper sheet, piezoelectric patches is bonded in the middle part of copper sheet, only has copper sheet held fixing when one end is fixed on vibration source.
By experiment with measure, (1) with the increase of mass loading, the resonant frequency of twin lamella from 47Hz to
17Hz is gradually lowered；(2) high open circuit voltage is gradually increased to 35V from 20V, and this is primarily due to quality and bears
The increase of lotus makes the amplitude of cantilever beam be gradually increased, and deformation quantity increases, thus open-circuit voltage improves constantly.
By testing and measuring, obtain some of the fixing piezoelectric monocrystal sheet beam type energy harvester of resonant frequency
Optimization guide:
1) compared to the width w and mass loading M of beamt, the resonant frequency of cantilever beam is to length L and substrate thickness
tmMore sensitive, so length L and substrate thickness tmPlay a leading role in terms of improving the output performance of cantilever beam.
2) want to increase the open-circuit voltage at piezoelectric layer two ends, can be come by the length increasing substrate thickness and reduction beam
Increase mass loading, but, change width, to increasing, open-circuit voltage is invalid.
3) to increase energy, can be by increasing the thickness of substrate, the length of reduction amount and the width of increments
Mode realize.
4) when the mass loading of end keeps constant, there is a best base plate thickness with length change so that
Open-circuit voltage and energy obtain maximum.
Finally choose cantilever beam length L=20mm, width w=5mm, piezoelectric patches thickness tp=0.5mm, substrate are thick
Degree tm=1mm, mass loading Mt=22g.
In Fig. 4, the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of the technical program can also use big cymbals structure piezoelectric vibration energy
Catcher.
The structure of its big cymbals structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is by middle relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet 8 and is positioned at it
Upper metal cap 7-1 and the lower metal cap 7-2 composition on upper and lower surface.
After relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet metal cap (copper cap) on one side is fixed on vibration source, at the copper of another side
On cap during bonding copper billet, the vibration mode that copper cap top displacement is bigger is suppressed, from its impedance spectrum, along with matter
The increase of amount load, resonance point moves to low frequency direction, and the device output impedance corresponding to resonance point increases, therefore defeated
Go out power and reach the external build-out resistor increase needed for maximum.
Frequency analysis: under 8.5g and 17.0g mass loading, output occurs when 650Hz and 500Hz respectively
Maximum.
Load resistance analyze: under 8.5g and 17.0g mass loading output respectively outer meeting resistance be 57k Ω and
Maximum is reached during 74k Ω.
Output size: this big cymbals device is under 0.55N motive force effect, and output is 14mW, power density
For 188mW/cm3。
In Fig. 5, the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of the technical program can also use cydariform piezoelectric structure collection of energy
Device.
Its cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester, by middle copper ring 9, is positioned at the upper copper sheet on the upper and lower surface of copper ring
10-1, lower copper sheet 10-2, on upper copper sheet, a circular piezoelectric single-chip (PMNT single-chip) is adhesively fixed again,
Being fixed on vibration source by the lower surface of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester, in the center of upper surface, bonding is solid
A fixed copper billet is as mass loading.
During actual enforcement, it is stained with diameter in external diameter 23mm, internal diameter 21mm, the copper ring upper and lower surface of high 3mm
25mm, the upper and lower copper sheet of thick 0.15mm, be stained with diameter 17mm, the circle of thick 0.5mm on upper copper sheet again
Shape piezoelectric monocrystal sheet (PMNT single-chip), is fixed on vibration by the lower surface of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester
On source, thereon the center on surface glue a diameter 5mm, quality 0.5g copper billet as mass loading.
The resonant frequency of this kind of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester structure is about 710Hz, and maximum output voltage can
To reach more than 7V.
Compared with the structure of the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of Bicrystal junction structure shown in Fig. 3, this drum organization has
Its distinctive advantage: on the one hand, this structure need not the space needed for the long-armed of cantilever beam structure and swing arm, only exists
Vibration in the least scope of drum surface, the requisite space that therefore works is smaller, is more suitable for the vibration environment in little space
Middle work；On the other hand, drum organization bottom surface is relatively big, can preferably be adhesively fixed with vibration source together with.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 be spray bar with body connecting rod at the acceleration time domain figure of test point and this test point on frequency domain
Vibration characteristics scattergram, as seen from the figure, the acceleration of vibration of spray bar and body connecting rod is at 0.4m/s2Left and right,
At this, transformator vibration is maximum with 100Hz frequency accounting.
In Fig. 8, the circuit module of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention include piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group,
Rectification circuit, charging circuit, accumulator and serve as the LED of emergency lighting system luminous source.
Its piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group, for collecting the energy that transformator vibration produces under resonance condition, and
" piezoelectric effect " is utilized to be converted into electric energy.
Voltage doubling rectifing circuit is used to be converted into by the electric energy collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group stable
, controllable direct current energy, charged circuit is sent in accumulator and is carried out energy storage.
Between accumulator and the LED serving as emergency lighting system luminous source, it is serially connected with emergency lighting system
The automatic control switch K that system controls.
When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, the automatic control switch Guan Bi of described emergency lighting system, from
The dynamic power output end connecting described accumulator, provides power supply for described LED, it is achieved transformer station should
The function of emergency illumination of anxious illuminator.
Above-mentioned voltage doubling rectifing circuit uses conventional voltage doubling rectifing circuit,
In Fig. 9, the charging circuit of the technical program, is according to 20 th century America scientist's Maas (J.A.Mas)
The battery proposed fills three laws soon, the charging circuit improved in conjunction with the high-impedance behavior of piezoelectric, this charging
Circuit is with DC-DC converter as core, in conjunction with control circuit, overcomes the electric energy of electricity generation material output not
Stable, can not the shortcoming of manual control, the electric energy collected on vibrational energy collector be converted to stable, can
The electric energy controlled charges for accumulator.
According to accumulator charge characteristic in vibration energy harvesting system, design and have employed energy storage, immediately discharge
With the charging strategy of illumination, limited electric energy is managed.
Battery based on Mas fills three laws soon, for piezo-electric type electricity generation material, devises the fast mold filling of current limliting-constant voltage
The charging circuit of formula, according to this theory, battery voltage and current in charging process can be represented by the formula:
Vb(s)=V∞+(V0-V∞)e-αs,
In formula, s represents charging interval, scRepresent the battery time turnover by the decay charging of constant-current charge to current index
Point.From electrification rechargeable battery theory, scBy following conditional decision: work as s=scTime, the electric charge of storage in battery
Usually the 80% of battery maximum charge amount of storage Qm.V0Represent the initial voltage of battery, V∞Represent battery
Charging limits voltage.α is constant, I0Represent the charging current of initial charging phase.
From above formula analysis: in whole charging process, cell voltage will the most exponentially form increase, but
Battery current is constant-current charging phase in the charging starting stage, and the most exponentially form reduces.The most permissible
Prediction: charging battery by a larger current when cell voltage is relatively low at the beginning of charging, rear charging current is gradually reduced,
Till being full of.
Concrete, its charging circuit is by DC-DC boost chip, resistance R0～R8, adjustable resistance RT, electric capacity
C1～C6, diode D1～D4, inductance L11 and field effect transistor BGA composition；Wherein, power input INPUT
Being connected with the AVIN pin of DC-DC boost chip, this power input is also through diode D1 and DC-DC
The PVIN pin of boost chip connects, and this power input is the most also through resistance R2, diode D2 and DC-DC
The CHC pin of boost chip connects, also through the EOC of resistance R3, diode D3 Yu DC-DC boost chip
Pin connects, and through electric capacity C1 ground connection.
LVO pin and the NC pin of DC-DC boost chip are connected with one end of resistance R1 and electric capacity C2, electricity
Holding the other end ground connection of C2, the other end of resistance R1 is connected with the TP pin of DC-DC boost chip, resistance
The other end of R1 is connected with one end of adjustable resistance RT and resistance R0 simultaneously, adjustable resistance RT's and resistance R0
Other end ground connection.
The GND pin ground connection of DC-DC boost chip.
The ISET pin of DC-DC boost chip is through resistance R4 ground connection, the IEOC pin of DC-DC boost chip
Through resistance R5 ground connection, the VAD pin of DC-DC boost chip is through resistance R6 ground connection.
The VBAT pin of DC-DC boost chip and electric capacity C3, electric capacity C6, one end of resistance R8, and store
The positive pole correspondence of battery (representing with battery in figure) connects, and constitutes system load SYSTEM LOAD end, electric power storage
The minus earth in pond.
The other end ground connection of electric capacity C3 and electric capacity C6.
The DRI pin of DC-DC boost chip is connected with the grid G of field effect transistor BGA, field effect transistor BGA
Source S be connected with the PVIN pin of DC-DC boost chip, and simultaneously with load SYSTEM LOAD end
Connect, the drain D of field effect transistor BGA and one end of inductance L11, the negative pole of diode D4 and resistance R7
One end be simultaneously connected with, the plus earth of diode D4, the other end of resistance R7 is through electric capacity C4 ground connection.
The other end of inductance L11 is connected with the SNS pin of DC-DC boost chip, and simultaneously with resistance R5's
The other end connects, also through electric capacity C5 ground connection.
It is apparent that this is an inductance type field DC-DC booster circuit, effect pipe BGA therein serves as switching tube
Effect.
DC-DC boost chip can be selected for the commercially available prod such as LK8811, MAX732 or MC34063A.
Use the DC-DC booster circuit of technical solution of the present invention, by piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group (generating body)
Electricity can boost to 3V and charge to two joints lithium battery (350mAh often saves), such as the generating body according to actual measurement
Charging current 0.416mA calculates, and being full of two joint lithium batteries about needs 70 days, can drive the LED of 3 60mW
White light illuminates about 3.88 hours.
Above-mentioned DC-DC booster circuit is connected with accumulator composition one, i.e. may make up a DC-DC energy storage
Circuit.
This DC-DC accumulator is possible not only to serve as the transformer station's emergency lighting system using LED
Power supply, can also act as the emergency operation power supply of primary line way switch.
As it was previously stated, transformer noise be by body construction design, type selecting layout, install, use during, become
Mechanical noise irregular, that cause intermittently, continuously or at random that depressor body and cooling system produce and airborne noise
Summation.Noise produced by transformator extensively affects residential quarters, commercial center, light station, airport, factories and miness, enterprise
The places such as industry, hospital, school.Specifically, the noise that transformer body vibration produces has its source in:
(1) core vibration that the magnetostriction of stalloy causes；
(2) there is, between stalloy seam crossing and lamination, the electromagnetic attraction produced because of leakage field and cause iron core
Vibration；
(3) when there being load current to pass through in winding, the leakage field that load current produces causes coil, oil tank wall
Vibration.
In above 3 kinds of noises, with the first noise, namely constitute the stalloy of iron core under action of alternating magnetic field
Minor variations i.e. magnetostriction occurs, and magnetostriction makes iron core do periodic vibration with excitation frequency change and cause.
Owing to the electric current in transformer coil is sinusoidal variations, the magnetic field produced in iron core is also sinusoidal variations, if should
The magnetic induction in magnetic field is B=B0Sin ω t, magnetostrictive deformation x and magnetic field B square are directly proportional, it may be assumed that
From above formula, magnetostrictive deformation frequency (i.e. frequency of vibration) is 2 times of field frequency.
China's civilian electricity fundamental frequency is 50Hz, and the alternating magnetic field fundamental frequency of generation is also 50Hz, is therefore led by magnetostriction
The transformator fundamental vibration frequency caused is 100Hz.
As it was previously stated, in the technical program with piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group general frame constructional device (or
Referred to as array apparatus), its resonant frequency is 100Hz.
This array apparatus is fixed on the certain position of transformer body or its adnexa, utilizes piezoelectric vibration energy
Catcher group collects the energy that transformator vibration produces under resonance condition, for transformer station's Emergency Light and switch
Emergency operation, has not only reached energy-conservation effect, has also had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously to transformator.
Supplement as one and extension, the technical program also can be used to solve the thinking of problem, power transformation in transformer station
Run work patrol and examine on route, arrange utilize piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group make piezo-electric type electricity-generating floor, lay
On the ground, can be used for collector's walking, trample produced energy.One people walks about on electricity-generating floor or jumps
Dynamic, electric current can reach 4.08mA, and output reaches 333mW, and corresponding voltage is 81.6V, Ke Yizhi
Tape splicing moves at least 30 LED luminescences, is stored by this energy, in the passive self-service electric power system of transformer station
Also there is good using value.
Owing to the present invention uses array piezoelectric vibration energy catcher as energy gathering apparatus, install, admittedly
It is scheduled on the appointment position of transformer body or its accessory structure, collects what transformator vibration produced under resonance condition
Energy, stores it in accumulator, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of primary line way switch, no
Only reach intended energy-saving effect, transformator has also been had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously.
The method can be widely used in transformer station's Emergency Light or the switch design of emergency operation power supply, manufacture field.
Claims (8)
1. a transformer energy saving noise reduction process method, is included on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformator and sets
Put piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group, utilize " piezoelectric effect " that produced for transformator vibration energy is converted to electricity
Can, use rectification circuit to be converted into by the electric energy collected by described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group stable/controlled
Direct current energy, charged circuit is sent in accumulator and is carried out energy storage；It is characterized in that:
One piezoelectric energy catcher group, rectification circuit, charging circuit and accumulator including being sequentially connected with is set
Self-service electric power system；
Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group, produced for collecting transformator vibration under resonance condition
Energy；
The power output end of described accumulator is accessed the emergency lighting system of transformer station or primary line way switch
In DC operating system；
When the Exchange Station power loss of transformer station, described emergency lighting system is automatically controlled out by control
Closing the automatic Guan Bi of K1, connect the power output end of described accumulator, described self-service electric power system is that LED sends out
Optical device provides power supply, it is achieved the emergency lighting function of transformer station；
Or, when the DC operating system power loss of transformer station, control switch K2 by Guan Bi, described
The operation that self-service electric power system is transforming plant primary line switching provides emergency operation DC source；
Described self-service electric power system, based on having the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of " piezoelectric effect ", absorbs
/ collect the transformator produced energy of vibration, it is being embodied as transformer station's emergency lighting system or primary line way switch
While operation provides emergency power supply, transformator is realized the function of vibration and noise reducing；
Wherein, described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is arranged between spray bar and the body of described transformator
Connecting rod at, the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group vibration/generating by described connecting rod, described in drive；
Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher is Bicrystal junction structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, cydariform
Structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher or big cymbals structure piezoelectric vibration energy catcher；
Described resonant condition refers to the vibration applications environment that resonant frequency is 100Hz；
Described transformer energy saving noise reduction process method, absorbs under resonance condition, collects transformator vibration generation
Energy, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of switch, do not only reached energy-conservation effect, the most right
Transformator also has the function of vibration and noise reducing.
2., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric vibration
Energy harvester group includes that multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catcher, described multiple piezoelectric vibration energy catchers are fixed
In a general frame structure；The adnexa knot of described general frame structure and described transformer body or transformator
Structure is connected to one, the vibrational energy produced by described transformator, is transferred to described multiple piezoelectric vibration energy
Amount catcher.
3., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that spraying at described transformator
At connecting rod between oil pipe and body, described general frame structure is set, described general frame structure is arranged
Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group, by connecting rod and the general frame structure that fixes as one with it, drives
Described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is vibrated, generating.
4., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric vibration energy
Amount electric energy collected by catcher group, through voltage doubling rectifing circuit, is converted into stable, controllable unidirectional current
Energy.
5., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that shaking of described transformator
Dynamic fundamental frequency is 100Hz, and the resonant frequency of described piezoelectric vibration energy catcher group is also 100Hz.
6., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described charging circuit
For the charging circuit of current limliting constant voltage fast mold filling formula, in whole charging process, the voltage of described accumulator is in time
Exponentially form increases, but battery current is constant-current charging phase in the charging starting stage, the most exponentially
Form reduces；By a larger current, battery is charged when at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is relatively low, then charging current
It is gradually reduced, till battery is full of.
7., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described accumulator is
Lithium battery.
8., according to the transformer energy saving noise reduction process method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described transformator joint
Can noise reduction process method, based on having the piezoelectric vibration energy catcher of " piezoelectric effect ", use accumulator to become
The vibrational energy of depressor is collected and is stored；Accumulator is electric as the emergency lighting of the emergency lighting system of transformer station
Source, breaks down or during its Exchange Station power loss in transformer station, powers for emergency-lighting set in time；Both may be used
To realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair efficiency, guarantee personal safety and equipment safety；Again
Can fully absorb, utilize the vibrational energy of transformator, turn waste into wealth, contribute to saving energy and reduce the cost, reduce and run/safeguard
The cost of work, for transformer station's Emergency Light and the emergency operation of primary line way switch；Meanwhile, also can be to transformation
Device realizes the function of vibration and noise reducing.
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| JP2017011913A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-12 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | Substation power generator |
| CN105864350B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-01-30 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of beam array shape periodicity Piezoelectric anisotropy structural vibration reduction device and oscillation damping method |
| CN106647346A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-05-10 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | Electronic noise reduction system control method and device |
| CN108199559A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-22 | 成都斯铂润音响设备有限公司 | Acoustic wave energy absorption plant |
| CN110868781A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-06 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司无锡供电分公司 | Energy-saving illuminating lamp for box-type substation |
| CN114877013A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-09 | 优跑汽车技术(上海)有限公司 | Automobile electric drive vibration noise suppression device, suppression system, suppression method and automobile |
| CN114844203B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-11-14 | 国网智能电网研究院有限公司 | Self-energy supply device of transformer substation |
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