CN104158279A - Emergency lighting self-service power supply system in transformer station - Google Patents

Emergency lighting self-service power supply system in transformer station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104158279A
CN104158279A CN201410369831.6A CN201410369831A CN104158279A CN 104158279 A CN104158279 A CN 104158279A CN 201410369831 A CN201410369831 A CN 201410369831A CN 104158279 A CN104158279 A CN 104158279A
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transformer
emergency lighting
energy
transformer station
piezoelectric
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CN104158279B (en
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毛俊
陈震
施灵
姚明
陈筱平
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State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

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  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

An emergency lighting self-service power supply system in a transformer station belongs to the field of emergency lighting devices. The emergency lighting system adopts an LED luminescent device as a light source, a piezoelectric energy collector group is arranged on a transformer body or the attachment structure of a transformer, and energy produced by the vibration of the transformer can be collected under a resonance state, and converted to be electrical energy; electrical energy collected by the piezoelectric energy collector group is converted to be DC electric energy by adopting a rectifying circuit, and the DC electric energy is sent to a storage battery for energy storage through a charging circuit; the power source output end of the storage battery is connected into the emergency lighting system; in case of power loss of the power supply in the AC station of the transformer station, the emergency lighting system can be connected with the power source output end of the storage battery automatically, so as to provide a power supply for the LED luminescent device, and the emergency lighting function of the emergency lighting system in the transformer station is achieved. Not only can the energy-saving and cost-reducing effect be played, but also a damping and noise reducing effect on the transformer is achieved. The emergency lighting self-service power supply system can be widely used in the field of emergency lighting in the transformer station or the designing and the manufacturing of switch emergency operation power supplies.

Description

The self-service electric power system of a kind of transformer station's emergency lighting
Technical field
The invention belongs to emergency lighting device field, relate in particular to a kind of lighting device for transformer station's emergency lighting.
Background technology
Transformer station is that the electricity that power plant is sent is carried the place that changes voltage before.
In electric power system, transformer station is the assembly place of transmission and disttrbution, and its importance is self-evident.Once transformer station breaks down, will cause significant impact and loss to the electricity consumption of resident, factory etc., therefore transformer station's fault must be rushed to repair in time, to reduce to greatest extent its society causing and economic loss.
In existing transformer station, emergent accident illuminator, as a kind of standard configuration, is widely used.
The emergent accident illuminator of a standard, is made up of a set of ac-dc converting means, at least one group storage battery and emergence lighting lamp of being distributed in each crucial lighting point etc. conventionally.When normal by AC power supply system at the station of transformer station, emergent accident illuminator is powered by AC power supply system by standing, batteries in emergent accident illuminator is charged, once the station of transformer station disappears by AC power, by commutation circuit (or control switch), by the batteries in charged state (also claiming direct current system) at ordinary times, transformer station's emergent accident illuminator puts into operation state automatically, the power output end of batteries is powered to each emergence lighting lamp, guarantees essential illumination in the state of accident.
Existing various emergent accident illuminator, its operation principle is in fact similar with UPS device with computer, be all in the time that AC power has electricity, batteries is charged by AC power, in the time of AC power dead electricity, batteries proceeds to operating state, for emergence lighting lamp or system provide emergency power supply, ensures in emergency circumstances required minimum and necessary brightness of illumination.
Along with the development of lighting technology, the lighting of various employing LED luminescent devices arises at the historic moment, for example, open day is on 03 12nd, 2014, publication number is in the Chinese invention patent application of CN103632621A, disclose a kind of " energy-saving LED emergency lighting and equipment nameplate one label ", its label body is transparent light guide panel, is marked with device numbering at transparent light guide panel; LED luminescent device is set around transparent light guide panel; The exiting surface of LED luminescent device is towards transparent light guide panel; LED luminescent device is connected with the power supply of transformer station emergent accident lighting device through wire.After transformer station's emergent accident lighting device starts, LED luminescent device obtains electroluminescence, illuminate the device numbering on transparent light guide panel, help operating personnel to carry out correct reading rapidly to device numbering famous brand, and provide accident emergency lighting source to position, label place.Its transparent light guide panel both can be numbered word by display device, can be used as again planar light source and illuminate surrounding enviroment, can avoid operations staff's misoperation, utilized to greatest extent illumination energy, make two one of emergent accident lighting device and device numbering famous brand, play double action.
Transformer noise is by body construction design, type selecting layout, installation, use procedure, machinery noise irregular, that cause intermittently, continuously or at random and airborne noise summation that transformer body and cooling system produce.
Specifically, the noise of transformer body generation of vibration has its source in:
(1) core vibration that the magnetostriction of silicon steel sheet causes;
(2) between silicon steel sheet seam crossing and lamination, exist the electromagnetic attraction producing because of leakage field and cause the vibration of iron core;
(3), in the time having load current to pass through in Transformer Winding, the leakage field that load current produces causes the vibration of coil, oil tank wall.
Along with economic development, the fossil energy resources such as coal, oil are because constantly consuming day by day and reduce, and various regenerative resources are all being greatly developed in countries in the world, and hope can collect the energy that can recycle in environment and change.Piezoelectric energy gatherer is exactly a kind of device of realizing this function, and it is collected the various vibrational energies in environment to be converted to electric energy by piezoelectric (normally piezoelectric ceramic) " piezoelectric effect ".
Piezoelectric ceramic be a kind of can be by mechanical energy and the electric energy ceramic material of conversion mutually.So-called " piezoelectric effect " refers to that some medium is in the time being subject to mechanical pressure, even this pressure is small as acoustic vibration, all can produce the change of shape such as compression or elongation, causes that dielectric surface is charged, and this is direct piezoelectric effect.Otherwise, applying excitation electrical field, medium will produce mechanical deformation, claim inverse piezoelectric effect.
Prepare the self-service electric power system of one based on piezoelectric energy gatherer if can utilize " piezoelectric effect ", the vibrational energy of transformer is collected and stored, piezoelectric energy gatherer is combined with the emergency lighting system of transformer station, in the time that transformer station breaks down, be emergency-lighting set power supply in time, both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair efficiency, guarantee personal safety and device security; Can make full use of again the vibrational energy of transformer, turn waste into wealth, contribute to save energy and reduce the cost, reduce the cost of operation maintenance work, the realization of its design and completing, is of great significance for the economical operation tool of transformer station.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the self-service electric power system of a kind of transformer station emergency lighting, it adopts piezoelectric-array device as energy harvester, install, be fixed on the assigned address of transformer body or its accessory structure, under resonance condition, collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and switch, not only reach energy-conservation effect, transformer has also been had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: provide the emergency lighting of a kind of transformer station self-service electric power system, described emergency lighting system adopts LED luminescent device as light source, it is characterized in that: on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set, for collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration under resonance condition, and utilize " piezoelectric effect " to be converted into electric energy; Adopt rectification circuit to convert the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group to stable, controllable direct current energy, send into and in storage battery, carry out stored energy through charging circuit; By in emergency lighting system described the power output end access of described storage battery; In the time that power supply dead electricity is used in the Exchange Station of transformer station, described emergency lighting system is connected the power output end of described storage battery automatically, for described LED luminescent device provides power supply, realizes the function of emergency illumination of transformer station's emergency lighting system.
Concrete, the connecting rod place between described transformer spray bar and body, arranges described piezoelectric energy gatherer group, drives the described vibration of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, generating by described connecting rod.
Further, described piezoelectric energy gatherer group comprises multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers, and described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers are fixed in a general frame structure; Described general frame structure and the accessory structure of described transformer body or transformer are connected to one, and the vibrational energy that described transformer is produced is passed to described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers.
Further, connecting rod place between described transformer spray bar and body, described general frame structure is set, described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set in described general frame structure, the general frame structure fixing as one by connecting rod with it, drives the described vibration of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, generating.
Concrete, the piezoelectric energy gatherer described in it is twin lamella cantilever beam structure piezoelectric energy gatherer, drum organization piezoelectric energy gatherer or big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy gatherer.
Concrete, the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group, through voltage doubling rectifing circuit, converts stable, controllable direct current energy to.
Further, the resonance condition described in it refers to that resonance frequency is the vibration applications environment of 100Hz; Described in it, the fundamental vibration frequency of transformer is 100Hz, and the resonance frequency of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is also 100Hz.
Charging circuit described in it is the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant voltage, in whole charging process, the voltage of described storage battery is exponential form in time to be increased, but battery current is the constant current charge stage in the charging starting stage, is then in time exponential form and reduces; When at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is lower, with a larger electric current, battery is charged, then charging current reduces gradually, until battery is full of.
Storage battery described in it is lithium battery.
The self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in technical solution of the present invention, based on the piezoelectric energy gatherer with " piezoelectric effect ", adopts storage battery that the vibrational energy of transformer is collected and stored; The Emergency Lighting Supply of the emergency lighting system using storage battery as transformer station, breaks down or when the power supply dead electricity of its Exchange Station, in time for emergency-lighting set is powered in transformer station; Both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair efficiency, guarantee personal safety and device security; Can make full use of again the vibrational energy of transformer, turn waste into wealth, contribute to save energy and reduce the cost, reduce the cost of operation/maintenance work, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and primary line way switch; Meanwhile, also can realize to transformer the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Compared with the prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1. adopt piezoelectric-array device, this array apparatus is fixed on to the assigned address on transformer, under resonance condition, collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and switch, not only reach energy-conservation effect, transformer has also been had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously;
2. adopt the general frame structure that can be fastened on vibration source, by multiple piezoelectric energy gatherer composition arrays, be fixed in frame structure, to improve its electric energy fan-out capability;
3. whole self-service electric power system both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, can make full use of again the vibrational energy of transformer, turned waste into wealth, and also can realize to transformer the function of vibration and noise reducing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mode of operation block diagram of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of general frame structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of twin lamella cantilever beam structure piezoelectric energy gatherer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy gatherer of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the acceleration time domain figure of transformer vibration-testing point;
Fig. 7 is that the vibration characteristics of transformer vibration-testing point on frequency domain distributes;
Fig. 8 is the circuit module schematic diagram of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the line map of charging circuit embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1 is piezoelectric energy gatherer, and 2 is general frame structure, and 3 is vibration source, 4 is mass loading, and 5-1 is the first piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, and 5-2 is the second piezoelectric monocrystal sheet, 6 is substrate, and 7-1 is upper metal cap, and 7-2 is lower metal cap, 8 is relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet, and 9 is copper ring, and 10-1 is upper copper sheet, 10-2 is lower copper sheet, 11 is circular piezoelectric single-chip, and 12 is copper billet mass loading, and K is the automatic control switch of emergency lighting system control.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
In Fig. 1, technical scheme of the present invention provides the emergency lighting of a kind of transformer station self-service electric power system, comprise the emergency lighting system that contains LED luminescent device, its inventive point is on the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set, for collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration under resonance condition, and utilize " piezoelectric effect " to be converted into electric energy; Adopt rectification circuit to convert the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group to stable, controllable direct current energy, send into and in storage battery, carry out stored energy through charging circuit; By in emergency lighting system described the power output end access of described storage battery; In the time that power supply dead electricity is used in the Exchange Station of transformer station, described emergency lighting system is connected the power output end of described storage battery automatically, for described LED luminescent device provides power supply, realizes the function of emergency illumination of transformer station's emergency lighting system.
Concrete, the connecting rod place between described transformer spray bar and body, arranges described piezoelectric energy gatherer group, drives the described vibration of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, generating by described connecting rod.
Further, described piezoelectric energy gatherer group comprises multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers, and described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers are fixed in a general frame structure; Described general frame structure and the accessory structure of described transformer body or transformer are connected to one, and the vibrational energy that described transformer is produced is passed to described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers.
Further, connecting rod place between described transformer spray bar and body, described general frame structure is set, described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set in described general frame structure, the general frame structure fixing as one by connecting rod with it, drives the described vibration of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, generating.
Concrete, the piezoelectric energy gatherer described in it is the big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy gatherer of the flexible pattern of twin lamella cantilever beam structure piezoelectric energy gatherer, drum organization piezoelectric energy gatherer or based single crystal lateral length.
Concrete, the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group, through voltage doubling rectifing circuit, converts stable, controllable direct current energy to.
Further, the resonance condition described in it refers to that resonance frequency is the vibration applications environment of 100Hz; Described in it, the fundamental vibration frequency of transformer is 100Hz, and the resonance frequency of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is also 100Hz.
Charging circuit described in it is the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant voltage, in whole charging process, the voltage of described storage battery is exponential form in time to be increased, but battery current is the constant current charge stage in the charging starting stage, is then in time exponential form and reduces; When at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is lower, with a larger electric current, battery is charged, then charging current reduces gradually, until battery is full of.
Storage battery described in it is lithium battery.
The self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting described in technical solution of the present invention, based on the piezoelectric energy gatherer with " piezoelectric effect ", adopts storage battery that the vibrational energy of transformer is collected and stored; The Emergency Lighting Supply of the emergency lighting system using storage battery as transformer station, breaks down or when the power supply dead electricity of its Exchange Station, in time for emergency-lighting set is powered in transformer station; Both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair efficiency, guarantee personal safety and device security; Can make full use of again the vibrational energy of transformer, turn waste into wealth, contribute to save energy and reduce the cost, reduce the cost of operation/maintenance work, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and primary line way switch; Meanwhile, also can realize to transformer the function of vibration and noise reducing.
In Fig. 2, provide the general frame structure being connected to one with the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, it is a frame structure 2 with multiple tabulas, between every two tabulas, be fixed with multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers 1, one end of each multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers is fixed on described tabula, the other end is in free state, be provided with a mass loading, in the time that the vibrational energy of transformer generation conducts to each piezoelectric energy gatherer by general frame structure, each piezoelectric energy gatherer is by received mechanical oscillation, be converted to electric energy output.
Described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers are parallel-connection structure on circuit, can avoid affecting because of the damage of a piezoelectric energy gatherer on the one hand the output of overall electric energy, on the other hand, adopt parallel-connection structure, can export larger electric current, for follow-up charging circuit provides larger charging current, to meet the charging current requirement of storage battery.
In order to obtain larger electric energy output, general frame structure as shown in the figure can arrange multiple, for example, connecting rod place between transformer spray bar and body, at the upper and lower of connecting rod, some groups (being equivalent to even number general frame structure as shown in the figure) are all set symmetrically, so on the one hand multiple general frame structures can be as much as possiblely set, form a group pattern structure, on the other hand, also relate to the resonance frequency problem of general frame structural entity part.Because in the technical program be makes general frame structure drive the described vibration of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, generating under resonance condition (referring to that resonance frequency is the vibration applications environment of 100Hz), therefore choose suitable general frame architecture quality, the vibration frequency of its resonance frequency and the transformer body at fixing general frame structure place or the accessory structure of transformer is matched, only in this way, just can make piezoelectric energy gatherer group in optimum vibration frequency, output maximum power.
When actual enforcement, can first make single-store frame, the piezoelectric energy gatherer of some (is for example fixed on single-store frame, each single-store frame mounting structure primitive 3 row, 3 of every row, totally 9), more multiple single-store frames are run through and tightened together, be i.e. the general frame structure of forming array formula.
By test, the vibration acceleration of the spray bar recording and body connecting rod is at 0.4m/s 2left and right.Acceleration time domain figure that specifically can this test point shown in Figure 6.
Data are carried out to Fourier transform, and research spray bar and the body connecting rod vibration characteristics on frequency domain distributes known, and as shown in Figure 7, this place's transformer vibrates with 100Hz frequency accounting maximum.
From the viewpoint of oscillation intensity and installation difficulty two, select the connecting rod place of spray bar and body, the fixing position of frame structure as a whole, general frame structure (being referred to as power generation part) with multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers is arranged on this connecting rod, drives power generation part vibrating power-generation by connecting rod.
Can be derived from according to Theory of Vibration SDOF model, the power density of vibrating object under resonance frequency (oscillation power of unit mass) can be expressed as:
P ‾ max = a 2 4 ζ ω n - - - ( 1 )
Utilize the peak value 0.465m/s of acceleration 2power density with the frequence estimation vibration source of 100Hz.Accekeration and frequency substitution formula (1) can be obtained:
P ‾ max = 10811 μW / kg
Because the resonance frequency of bar linkage structure is far above the frequency 100Hz of vibration source.After general frame structure (power generation part) is arranged on connecting rod, power generation part is as mass loading, the resonance frequency of bar linkage structure can decline, if resonance frequency can drop to just 100Hz, general frame structure can receive the vibration of maximum intensity.
Simulate and field measurement by finite element simulation, for the main transformer of a 35kV, its power generation part gross mass is 13.6kg; On the connecting rod position between transformer spray bar and body, apart from body 8.6cm place, be best position.
In Fig. 3, the piezoelectric energy gatherer of the technical program can adopt twin lamella cantilever beam structure piezoelectric energy gatherer.
The structure of twin lamella cantilever beam structure piezoelectric energy gatherer is by upper and lower surface each bonding piezoelectric monocrystal sheet 5-1, a 5-2 at a laminar substrate 6 (for sheet metal) (conventionally alleged piezoelectric layer or piezoelectric patches) composition, and the area of piezoelectric monocrystal sheet is conventionally equal with sheet metal or be slightly smaller than sheet metal.
When experiment, one end of twin lamella is fixed on vibration source 3 and vibrates with vibration source, and the other end is stained with different mass loading 4.
For the impact on energy harvester generating capacity of the thickness of piezoelectric monocrystal sheet and sheet metal in research double wafer structure, to the piezoelectric patches of same size, select the metal copper sheet of different-thickness, make different twin lamella energy harvesters.
In experiment, selection is of a size of the PZT potsherd (relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet) of 58mm × 15mm × 0.5mm and makes piezoelectric patches, it is the copper sheet that 70mm × 17mm, thickness are respectively 0.2mm, 0.5mm that metal copper sheet is selected length and width, piezoelectric patches is bonded in copper sheet middle part, only has copper sheet to be held fixing when one end is fixed on vibration source.
Known with measurement by experiment, (1), with the increase of mass loading, the resonance frequency of twin lamella reduces gradually from 47Hz to 17Hz; (2) high open circuit voltage is elevated to 35V gradually from 20V, and this is mainly that deformation quantity increases because the increase of mass loading increases the amplitude of cantilever beam gradually, thereby open circuit voltage improves constantly.
By experiment and measure, obtain the fixing piezoelectric monocrystal sheet beam type energy harvester of resonance frequency some optimize guides:
1) than width w and the mass loading M of beam t, the resonance frequency of cantilever beam is to length L and substrate thickness t mmore responsive, so length L and substrate thickness t maspect the output performance of improvement cantilever beam, playing a leading role.
2) want to increase the open circuit voltage at piezoelectric layer two ends, can increase mass loading by the length that increases substrate thickness and reduce beam, still, change width, invalid to increasing open circuit voltage.
3) if will increase energy, can be by increasing the thickness of substrate, the mode of the length of reducing amount and the width of recruitment realizes.
4) in the time that the mass loading of end keeps constant, there is a best base plate thickness with length variations, make open circuit voltage and energy obtain maximum.
Finally choose cantilever beam length L=20mm, width w=5mm, piezoelectric patches thickness t p=0.5mm, substrate thickness t m=1mm, mass loading M t=22g.
In Fig. 4, the piezoelectric energy gatherer of the technical program can also adopt big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy gatherer.
The structure of its big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy gatherer is by middle relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet 8 and be located thereon, upper metal cap 7-1 and the lower metal cap 7-2 of lower surface form.
After relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal sheet metal cap (copper cap) is on one side fixed on vibration source, bond copper billet on the copper cap of another side time, the vibration mode that copper cap top displacement is larger is suppressed, from its impedance spectrum, along with the increase of mass loading, resonance point moves to low frequency direction, and the corresponding device output impedance of resonance point increases, and increases therefore power output reaches the required external build-out resistor of maximum.
Under frequency analysis: 8.5g and 17.0g mass loading, there is respectively maximum in output variable in the time of 650Hz and 500Hz.
Load resistance is analyzed: under 8.5g and 17.0g mass loading, power output reaches respectively maximum in the time that outer meeting resistance is 57k Ω and 74k Ω.
Output size: this big cymbals device is under the effect of 0.55N motive force, and power output is 14mW, and power density is 188mW/cm 3.
In Fig. 5, the piezoelectric energy gatherer of the technical program can also adopt cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester.
Its cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester is by middle copper ring 9, be positioned at the upper copper sheet 10-1 on the upper and lower surface of copper ring, lower copper sheet 10-2, on upper copper sheet, bond and fix a circular piezoelectric single-chip (PMNT single-chip) again, the lower surface of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester is fixed on vibration source, and in the center of upper surface, bonding is fixed a copper billet as mass loading.
When actual enforcement, be stained with the upper and lower copper sheet of diameter 25mm, thick 0.15mm in the copper ring upper and lower surface of external diameter 23mm, internal diameter 21mm, high 3mm, on upper copper sheet, be stained with again the circular piezoelectric single-chip (PMNT single-chip) of diameter 17mm, thick 0.5mm, the lower surface of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester is fixed on vibration source, and the copper billet of sticky a diameter 5mm, quality 0.5g of the center on surface is as mass loading thereon.
The resonance frequency of this kind of cydariform piezoelectric structure energy harvester structure is 710Hz left and right, more than maximum output voltage can reach 7V.
Compared with the structure of the cantilever beam structure of twin lamella shown in Fig. 3 piezoelectric energy gatherer, this drum organization has its distinctive advantage: on the one hand, this structure does not need the required space of long-armed and swing arm of cantilever beam structure, only in drum surface internal vibration very among a small circle up and down, therefore the requisite space of working is smaller, is more suitable for working in the vibration environment in little space; On the other hand, drum organization bottom surface is larger, together with can being bonded and fixed at vibration source better.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are acceleration time domain figure and the vibration characteristics distribution map of this test point on frequency domain of spray bar and body connecting rod place test point, and as seen from the figure, the vibration acceleration of spray bar and body connecting rod is at 0.4m/s 2left and right, this place's transformer vibrates with 100Hz frequency accounting maximum.
In Fig. 8, the circuit module of the self-service electric power system of emergency lighting of the present invention comprises piezoelectric energy gatherer group, rectification circuit, charging circuit, storage battery and serves as the LED luminescent device of emergency lighting system light emitting source.
Its piezoelectric energy gatherer group, for collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration under resonance condition, and utilizes " piezoelectric effect " to be converted into electric energy.
Adopt voltage doubling rectifing circuit to convert the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group to stable, controllable direct current energy, send into and in storage battery, carry out stored energy through charging circuit.
At storage battery and serve as between the LED luminescent device of emergency lighting system light emitting source, be serially connected with the automatic control switch K of emergency lighting system control.
In the time that power supply dead electricity is used in the Exchange Station of transformer station, the automatic control switch closure of described emergency lighting system, automatically connect the power output end of described storage battery, for described LED luminescent device provides power supply, realize the function of emergency illumination of transformer station's emergency lighting system.
Above-mentioned voltage doubling rectifing circuit adopts conventional voltage doubling rectifing circuit,
In Fig. 9, the charging circuit of the technical program, that the battery proposing according to 20 th century America scientist Maas (J.A.Mas) fills three laws soon, high-impedance behavior in conjunction with piezoelectric is carried out improved charging circuit, this charging circuit is taking DC-DC converter as core, in conjunction with control circuit, overcome unstable, the shortcoming that can not manual control of the electric energy of electricity generation material output, the electric energy collected on vibrational energy collector has been converted to stable, controllable electric energy for charge in batteries.
Charge characteristic according to storage battery in vibrational energy gathering system, designs and has adopted energy storage, immediately discharges and the charging strategy that throws light on manages limited electric energy.
Battery based on Mas fills three laws soon, for piezo-electric type electricity generation material, has designed the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant voltage, and according to this theory, the voltage and current of battery in charging process can be represented by the formula:
V b(s)＝V ∞+(V 0-V ∞)e -αs，
i b ( s ) = I 0 , when s ≤ s c , I 0 e - α ( s - s c ) , when s > s c ,
In formula, s represents the charging interval, s crepresent the time breakover point that battery is charged to current index decay by constant current charge.From electrochemical rechargeable battery theory, s cby following conditional decision: work as s=s ctime, the electric charge of storing in battery is generally 80% of battery maximum charge memory space Qm.V 0represent the initial voltage of battery, V ∞represent the charging deboost of battery.α is constant, I 0represent the charging current in initial charge stage.
Analyzed from above formula: in whole charging process, cell voltage will be exponential form in time to be increased, but battery current is the constant current charge stage in the charging starting stage, is then in time exponential form and reduces.Therefore can predict: when at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is lower, with a larger electric current, battery is charged, rear charging current reduces gradually, until be full of.
Concrete, its charging circuit is made up of boost chip, resistance R 0～R8, adjustable resistance RT, capacitor C 1～C6, diode D1～D4, inductance L 11 and field effect transistor BGA of DC-DC; Wherein, the boost AVIN pin of chip of power input INPUT and DC-DC is connected, this power input is also connected through the boost PVIN pin of chip of diode D1 and DC-DC, this power input is also connected through the boost CHC pin of chip of resistance R 2, diode D2 and DC-DC simultaneously, also be connected through the boost EOC pin of chip of resistance R 3, diode D3 and DC-DC, and through capacitor C 1 ground connection.
The boost LVO pin of chip of DC-DC is connected with one end of resistance R 1 and capacitor C 2 with NC pin, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 2, the boost TP pin of chip of the other end of resistance R 1 and DC-DC is connected, the other end of resistance R 1 is connected with one end of adjustable resistance RT and resistance R 0 simultaneously, the other end ground connection of adjustable resistance RT and resistance R 0.
The DC-DC GND pin ground connection of chip of boosting.
DC-DC boosts the ISET pin of chip through resistance R 4 ground connection, and DC-DC boosts the IEOC pin of chip through resistance R 5 ground connection, and DC-DC boosts the VAD pin of chip through resistance R 6 ground connection.
Boost one end of the VBAT pin of chip and capacitor C 3, capacitor C 6, resistance R 8 of DC-DC, and the positive pole of storage battery (representing with battery in figure) is corresponding connects, construction system load SYSTEM LOAD end, the minus earth of storage battery.
The other end ground connection of capacitor C 3 and capacitor C 6.
The boost DRI pin of chip of DC-DC is connected with the grid G of field effect transistor BGA, the boost PVIN pin of chip of the source S of field effect transistor BGA and DC-DC is connected, and be connected with load SYSTEM LOAD end simultaneously, the drain D of field effect transistor BGA is connected with one end, the negative pole of diode D4 and one end of resistance R 7 of inductance L 11 simultaneously, the plus earth of diode D4, the other end of resistance R 7 is through capacitor C 4 ground connection.
The boost SNS pin of chip of the other end of inductance L 11 and DC-DC is connected, and is connected with the other end of resistance R 5 simultaneously, also passes through capacitor C 5 ground connection.
Significantly, this is an inductance type field DC-DC booster circuit, the effect that effect pipe BGA wherein serves as switching tube.
The DC-DC chip that boosts can be selected the commercially available prod such as LK8811, MAX732 or MC34063A.
Adopt the DC-DC booster circuit of technical solution of the present invention, piezoelectric energy gatherer group (generating body) electricity can be boosted to 3V to two joint lithium battery (the every joint of 350mAh) chargings, as calculated according to the generating body charging current 0.416mA of actual measurement, being full of two joint lithium batteries approximately needs 70 days, can drive the LED white light of 3 60mW to throw light on approximately 3.88 hours.
Above-mentioned DC-DC booster circuit and storage battery are connected to form to one, can form a DC-DC accumulator.
This DC-DC accumulator not only can serve as the power supply of the transformer station's emergency lighting system that adopts LED luminescent device, also can serve as the emergency operation power supply of primary line way switch.
As previously mentioned, transformer noise is by body construction design, type selecting layout, installation, use procedure, machinery noise irregular, that cause intermittently, continuously or at random and airborne noise summation that transformer body and cooling system produce.The noise that transformer produces extensively affects the places such as residential quarters, commercial center, light station, airport, factories and miness, enterprise, hospital, school.Specifically, the noise of transformer body generation of vibration has its source in:
(1) core vibration that the magnetostriction of silicon steel sheet causes;
(2) between silicon steel sheet seam crossing and lamination, exist the electromagnetic attraction producing because of leakage field and cause the vibration of iron core;
(3), in the time having load current to pass through in winding, the leakage field that load current produces causes the vibration of coil, oil tank wall.
In above 3 kinds of noises, with the first noise, minor variations occurs the silicon steel sheet that namely forms iron core under action of alternating magnetic field is magnetostriction, and magnetostriction makes iron core change and do periodic vibration and cause with excitation frequency.
Because the electric current in transformer coil is sinusoidal variations, the magnetic field producing in iron core is also sinusoidal variations, and the magnetic flux density of establishing this magnetic field is B=B 0sin ω t, square being directly proportional of magnetostrictive deformation x and magnetic field B, that is:
x = AB 2 = A B 0 2 sin 2 ωt = 1 2 AB 0 2 - 1 2 AB 0 2 cos 2 ωt
From above formula, magnetostrictive deformation frequency (being vibration frequency) is 2 times of field frequency.
The civilian electric fundamental frequency of China is 50Hz, and the alternating magnetic field fundamental frequency of generation is also 50Hz, and the transformer fundamental vibration frequency therefore being caused by magnetostriction is 100Hz.
As previously mentioned, in the technical program, with the general frame constructional device (or being referred to as array apparatus) of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, its resonance frequency is 100Hz.
This array apparatus is fixed on to the certain position of transformer body or its annex, utilize piezoelectric energy gatherer group under resonance condition, to collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and switch, not only reach energy-conservation effect, transformer has also been had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously.
Supplement and expansion as one, the thinking that also can adopt the technical program to deal with problems, the patrolling and examining on route of power transformation operation work in transformer station, arranges and utilizes piezoelectric energy gatherer group to make piezo-electric type electricity-generating floor, lay on the ground, can be used for collector's walking, trample produced energy.A people walks about or beats on electricity-generating floor, and electric current can reach 4.08mA, and power output reaches 333mW, corresponding voltage is 81.6V, can directly drive at least 30 LED lamps luminous, this stored energy is got up, in the passive self-service electric power system of transformer station, also have good using value.
Because the present invention adopts piezoelectric-array device as energy harvester, install, be fixed on the assigned address of transformer body or its accessory structure, under resonance condition, collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration, be stored in storage battery, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and primary line way switch, not only reach the energy-saving effect of expection, transformer has also been had the function of vibration and noise reducing simultaneously.
The present invention can be widely used in design, the manufacture field of transformer station's Emergency Light or switch emergency operation power supply.

Claims (10)

1. the self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, described emergency lighting system adopts LED luminescent device as light source, it is characterized in that:
On the accessory structure of transformer body or transformer, piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set, for collect the energy of transformer generation of vibration under resonance condition, and utilize " piezoelectric effect " to be converted into electric energy;
Adopt rectification circuit to convert the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group to stable/controllable direct current energy, send into and in storage battery, carry out stored energy through charging circuit;
By in emergency lighting system described the power output end access of described storage battery;
In the time that power supply dead electricity is used in the Exchange Station of transformer station, described emergency lighting system is connected the power output end of described storage battery automatically, for described LED luminescent device provides power supply, realizes the function of emergency illumination of transformer station's emergency lighting system.
2. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that the connecting rod place between described transformer spray bar and body, described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set, by described connecting rod, drives described piezoelectric energy gatherer group vibration/generating.
3. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric energy gatherer group comprises multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers, described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers are fixed in a general frame structure; Described general frame structure and the accessory structure of described transformer body or transformer are connected to one, and the vibrational energy that described transformer is produced is passed to described multiple piezoelectric energy gatherers.
4. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 3 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that the connecting rod place between described transformer spray bar and body, described general frame structure is set, described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is set in described general frame structure, the general frame structure fixing as one by connecting rod with it, drives the described vibration of piezoelectric energy gatherer group, generating.
5. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 3 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that described piezoelectric energy gatherer is twin lamella cantilever beam structure piezoelectric energy gatherer, drum organization piezoelectric energy gatherer or big cymbals structure piezoelectric energy gatherer.
6. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that the collected electric energy of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group, through voltage doubling rectifing circuit, convert stable, controllable direct current energy to.
7. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that described resonance condition refers to that resonance frequency is the vibration applications environment of 100Hz; Described in it, the fundamental vibration frequency of transformer is 100Hz, and the resonance frequency of described piezoelectric energy gatherer group is also 100Hz.
8. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that described charging circuit is the charging circuit of the fast mold filling formula of current limliting-constant voltage, in whole charging process, the voltage of described storage battery is exponential form in time to be increased, but battery current is the constant current charge stage in the charging starting stage, is then in time exponential form and reduces; When at the beginning of charging, cell voltage is lower, with a larger electric current, battery is charged, then charging current reduces gradually, until battery is full of.
9. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that described storage battery is lithium battery.
10. according to the self-service electric power system of transformer station claimed in claim 1 emergency lighting, it is characterized in that the described self-service electric power system of transformer station's emergency lighting, based on the piezoelectric energy gatherer with " piezoelectric effect ", adopt storage battery that the vibrational energy of transformer is collected and stored; The Emergency Lighting Supply of the emergency lighting system using storage battery as transformer station, breaks down or when the power supply dead electricity of its Exchange Station, in time for emergency-lighting set is powered in transformer station; Both can realize the emergency lighting under malfunction, improve breakdown repair efficiency, guarantee personal safety and device security; Can make full use of again the vibrational energy of transformer, turn waste into wealth, contribute to save energy and reduce the cost, reduce the cost of operation/maintenance work, for the emergency operation of transformer station's Emergency Light and primary line way switch; Meanwhile, also can realize to transformer the function of vibration and noise reducing.
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JP2017011913A (en) * 2015-06-24 2017-01-12 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 Substation power generator
CN108475976A (en) * 2015-12-17 2018-08-31 飞利浦照明控股有限公司 Accessory system and method for accessories

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CN103346252A (en) * 2013-07-05 2013-10-09 重庆大学 MEMS vibration energy collector based on PZT piezoelectric beam array
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CN87205538U (en) * 1987-12-04 1988-09-07 新乡市东海配电设备厂 Medium power cd-ni battery dc power supply set
CN102226503A (en) * 2011-03-15 2011-10-26 上海大学 Lighting system using vibration energy piezoelectric generation
CN103346252A (en) * 2013-07-05 2013-10-09 重庆大学 MEMS vibration energy collector based on PZT piezoelectric beam array
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JP2017011913A (en) * 2015-06-24 2017-01-12 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 Substation power generator
CN108475976A (en) * 2015-12-17 2018-08-31 飞利浦照明控股有限公司 Accessory system and method for accessories

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