CN104155611B - Alternating-current impedance analytical method of electrochemical energy storage device and analytical method of working state of electrochemical energy storage device - Google Patents
Alternating-current impedance analytical method of electrochemical energy storage device and analytical method of working state of electrochemical energy storage device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an alternating-current impedance analytical method of an electrochemical energy storage device. The method comprises steps as follows: an integrated DC/DC converter is provided and comprises a first DC/DC converter, a disturbance source and a controller, and the first DC/DC converter is connected with the disturbance source in parallel; the controller switches on the disturbance source and controls the disturbance source to generate a current disturbance signal simultaneously; the output current of the electrochemical energy storage device is disturbed by the current disturbance signal; the disturbed output current and the output voltage of the electrochemical energy storage device are detected; the impedance corresponding to the frequency of the current disturbance signal is calculated according to the current disturbance signal as well as the disturbed output current and the output voltage, the frequency of the current disturbance signal is changed, and the output current of the electrochemical energy storage device is disturbed again to obtain the alternating-current impedance spectrum of the electrochemical energy storage device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device and the monitoring side of its working condition
Method.
Background technology
Hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell (proton exchange membrane fuel cell, abbreviation pemfc)
It is a kind of electrochemical appliance, directly chemical energy is converted to electric energy, the conversion of traditional combustion engine energy is limited by Carnot cycle, and
The conversion of hydrogen-oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell energy is not limited by Carnot cycle, and its energy conversion efficiency is higher in theory.Due to
The material participating in reaction is hydrogen and air, and product is water, does not produce noxious emission, therefore suffers from the green grass or young crops of people
Look at, be gradually applied to the fields such as stand-by station, communications and transportation and portable power source.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells output characteristics is direct current, and its monolithic output voltage is less than 1v, is typically 0.7v, in order to
Higher voltage can be provided, need a lot of fuel cell monolithics are cascaded, form fuel cell pile, its output work
Rate accordingly improves.Fuel cell monolithic is by anode gas diffusion layer (gas diffusion layer, abbreviation gdl), membrane electrode assembly
Part (membrane electrode assemblies, abbreviation mea) and cathode gas diffusion layer composition.
Fuel cell pile is the core component of fuel cell generation, is with many accessory system auxiliary outside pile
Fuel cell pile is operated, including air system, hydrogen gas system, cooling system, power regulating system, humidification system and control
System processed etc..Air system is responsible for pile and provides appropriate oxidant is air, needs to enter pile according to regulating working conditions
The temperature of air, pressure and flow；Hydrogen gas system is responsible for pile supply hydrogen, needs to enter the hydrogen of pile according to regulating working conditions
Atmospheric pressure and flow；Cooling system then makes stack temperature keep proper level it is ensured that pile is steady by way of cooling agent circulates
Determine reliability service；Power regulating system then makes fuel electricity by way of adjusting fuel cell pile output voltage or output current
Cell system output characteristics can meet loading demand；Humidification system is responsible for adjusting humidity, overdrying or the overly moist of the air entering pile
There is detrimental effect to PEM and pile it is therefore desirable to humid control is carried out to the air entering pile；Control system
System is whole fuel cell generation " brain ", especially to pile periphery subsystems be optimized control so that
Pile is in optimum Working it is ensured that pile long time stability runs.
Refer to Fig. 1, a kind of typical fuel cell system 100 includes fuel cell pile 10, hydrogen gas system 12, air
System 14, cooling system 16, recovery system 18 and dc/dc controller 19.Wherein, air system 14 includes air compressor machine 142, dissipates
Hot device 144, humidifier 146 and first flow control valve 148.Described recovery system 18 includes condenser 182 and second
Control valve 184.Surrounding air enters radiator 144 via after air compressor machine 142 compression, enters and increase after being cooled down by radiator 144
Wet device 146 is humidified, after humidification enter fuel cell pile 10, the oxygen of fuel cell pile 10 cathode side and be derived from anode
There is chemical reaction in the hydrogen ion of side, produce water (gaseous state or liquid) while exporting electric energy.Therefore reacted in participation
In cathode air, oxygen content declines, and water content (humidity) increases.The condensed device of air 182 in fuel cell pile 10 outlet
After reclaiming moisture, entered in air ambient by second flow control valve 184.Wherein, air compressor machine 142, first flow can be passed through
The coordination of control valve 148 and second flow control valve controls to control air mass flow and the air of incoming fuel battery pile 10
Pressure, can adjust intake air temperature by radiator 144, control ambient humidity by humidifier 146.
Operation principle according to pemfc and performance characteristics, the water (gas being generated due to fuel cell pile internal-response
State or liquid) need to take out of through cathode reaction passage, if the aqueous water generating is excluded not in time, the water of generation can hinder
Runner, i.e. so-called water logging phenomenon, lead to Performance data to decline, the use of impact fuel cell.In order to improve drainability, need
The flow of air to be improved or flow velocity are smoothly to blow down aqueous water.In idling or Smaller load, the water yield due to generating is less than normal,
If being always maintained at larger air mass flow, easily runner and Surface modification of proton exchange membrane water are all dried up, lead to film overdrying and
Hydraulic performance decline；If being always maintained at less air mass flow, being not easy the aqueous water that blows away in runner and leading to water logging.
In Fuel Cell Control System, based on existing sensor configuration, pass including anode and cathode inlet temperature and pressure
Humidity sensor imported and exported by sensor, anode and cathode outlet temperature and pressure sensor, negative electrode, generally adopts lumped parameter model to combustion
Material battery pile inner workings are observed, but because fuel cell pile is in series by many monolithics, are supplied by pile
The restriction of gas system architecture, each fuel cell monolithic admission pressure, temperature, humidity and air-intake component difference, monolithic
Supply state difference and temperature contrast lead to monolithic voltage inconsistency, when for system architecture is unreasonable and monolithic quantity increases
Added-time, monolithic voltage inconsistency becomes apparent from.Due to being unable to the working condition of real-time monitored fuel cell monolithic, especially can not
Timely and effective judge whether monolithic water logging or film and do phenomenon, therefore by fuel cell air supply system and humidification system
Control realization adjust fuel battery inside working condition be difficult to avoid that occur local burnup's battery monomer occur water logging or film do existing
As this is very unfavorable to fuel cell system performance boost.
How accurately to learn fuel cell monolithic working condition, judge whether fuel cell monolithic is in non-normal working shape
State such as film is done or water logging, to adjust fuel cell air supply system and humidification system controlling unit in time, to improve fuel cell performance
Can, it is the challenge that fuel cell system controls.
With scientific and technical progress, by constantly furtheing investigate it has been found that the Performance Characteristics of fuel cell is permissible
Studied with the mode of equivalent circuit, it is certain right to have between the working condition of fuel cell and equivalent circuit middle impedance unit
Should be related to.Relation between fuel cell equivalent circuit and fuel battery performance, and fuel cell equivalent circuit resistance
Corresponding relation between unit, electric capacity unit assembly status different from fuel cell pile, obtains fuel cell etc. by real-time
In effect circuit, the change in impedance value of resistance unit and electric capacity unit is it is possible to Accurate Prediction fuel cell monolithic working condition and fuel are electric
Pond pile overall work state, the such as condition of work (temperature, humidity etc.) of each element.For obtaining in fuel cell equivalent circuit
Resistance and capacitance parameter, need to carry out Study on AC impedance, commercialization ac resistance analysis equipment in the market, such as Japan
Kikusui chrysanthemum waters corporation and the product of solarton company of Britain production development, its price all more than 100,000 yuans, its
Operating voltage range and current range all cannot meet the requirement of existing fuel cell motor bus system, be naturally difficult to realize
Large-scale real vehicle application.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is necessory to provide a kind of AC impedance of simply effective and lower-cost electrochemical energy storage device
Analysis method and the monitoring method of its working condition.
A kind of ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device, comprises the following steps:
One integrated dc/dc converter is provided, this integrated dc/dc converter include a dc/dc converter, disturbing source and
Controller, a described dc/dc converter is in parallel with this disturbing source, the input of a described dc/dc converter and electrochemistry
The output end of energy storage device connects, and described disturbing source includes switching device, and the output end of a dc/dc converter is with load even
Connect, the output in order to regulate and control described electrochemical energy storage device selectively turns on or closes to meet load output, described controller
Break described disturbing source；
Described disturbing source opened by described controller, regulates and controls described disturbing source simultaneously and produces a current disturbing signal；
Using this current disturbing signal, disturbance is carried out to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device；
Detect the output current after this electrochemical energy storage device disturbance and output voltage；
Calculated according to the output current after this current disturbing signal and described disturbance and output voltage and disturb with this electric current
The corresponding impedance of frequency of dynamic signal, and
Change the frequency of described current disturbing signal, again the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device is disturbed
Dynamic, to obtain the AC impedance frequency spectrum of this electrochemical energy storage device.
A kind of analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device working condition, comprises the following steps:
There is provided a typical AC impedance frequency spectrum, this typical AC impedance frequency spectrum includes multiple reflection desired electrochemical energy storage dresses
Put the typical frequencies impedance respective value of middle all parts working condition；
This electrochemical energy storage device actual AC impedance frequency spectrum is obtained using the method for above-mentioned AC impedance spectrum analysis,
Wherein, described electrochemical energy storage device is identical with the type of described desired electrochemical energy storage device, and
Described actual AC impedance frequency spectrum is compared to analyze described electrochemistry with described typical case's AC impedance frequency spectrum
The working condition of all parts in energy storage device.
By the disturbing source in described integrated dc/dc converter in described electricity in analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The output end of chemical energy storage device applies the current disturbing signal of different frequency, and defeated by detecting described electrochemical energy storage device
Go out the electric current at end and voltage can obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of this electrochemical energy storage device, according to this AC impedance frequency
Spectrum can analyze the working condition of this electrochemical energy storage device, thus can adjust to the condition of work of this electrochemical energy storage device
Section is so that this electrochemical energy storage device may remain in preferable working condition.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fuel cell system of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structure function block diagram of electrochemical energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram of electrochemical energy storage monomer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention Fig. 3 equivalent circuit corresponding electrochemical alternate impedance spectrum figure.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of integrated dc/dc converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram of the 2nd dc/dc converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The circuit structure diagram of the disturbing source that Fig. 7 provides for a certain embodiment of the present invention.
The circuit structure diagram of the disturbing source that Fig. 8 provides for another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of the analysis method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the process chart of a dc/dc converter in integrated dc/dc converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, current disturbing signal produces
The flow chart of method.
Figure 12 is analytical calculation AC impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of method.
Figure 13 is the flow chart of electrochemical energy storage device Working state analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The polarization curve through disturbance for the fuel cell pile output end current that Figure 14 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1.
The output current through signal disturbance for the fuel cell pile output end current that Figure 15 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1 and
The signal graph of response output voltage.
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy figure of the fuel cell pile that Figure 16 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1.Main element
Symbol description
Electrochemical energy storage system 20
Electrochemical energy storage device 22
Control system 24
Integrated dc/dc converter 200
First dc/dc converter 202
2nd dc/dc converter 204
First voltage sensor 206
Second voltage sensor 208
First current sensor 210
Second current sensor 212
3rd current sensor 214
4th current sensor 216
Controller 218
Voltage polling device 220
Following specific embodiment will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Specific embodiment
To the present invention, the electrochemical energy storage system providing, integrated dc/dc convert below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments
The analysis method of device, the method for AC impedance spectrum analysis and electrochemical energy storage device working condition is made further specifically
Bright.
Refer to Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of electrochemical energy storage system 20 first, this electrochemical energy storage system 20
Including electrochemical energy storage device 22, control system 24 and integrated dc/dc converter 200.Described control system 24 passes through regulation and control
Ensure the stable output of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 electric energy, described integrated dc/dc converter 200 and described electrochemical energy storage
Device 22 connects, and the electric energy of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 output is regulated and controled to meet the demand of load.
Described electrochemical energy storage device 22 may include one or more electrochemical energy storage monomers, and this electrochemical energy storage monomer leads to
Cross chemical reaction to produce electric energy.This electrochemical energy storage monomer includes positive pole, negative pole and is arranged between positive pole and negative pole
Dielectric spacer.Refer to Fig. 3, the Performance Characteristics of this electrochemical energy storage monomer can be with equivalent circuit Lai equivalent, specifically, should
The equivalent circuit of electrochemical energy storage monomer includes can nernst voltage enernst, anode electric double layer capacitance cdl,aWith anode resistance ra, cloudy
Pole electric double layer capacitance cdl,caWith cathode resistor rcaAnd proton exchange film resistance rω, wherein, anode electric double layer capacitance cdl,aAnd sun
Electrode resistance raCompose in parallel anode rc circuit, negative electrode electric double layer capacitance cdl,caWith cathode resistor rcaCompose in parallel negative electrode rc circuit,
Nernst voltage enernst, negative electrode rc circuit, proton exchange film resistance rωAnd anode rc circuit connected in series.Refer to Fig. 4, this electrification
Learn the corresponding ac impedance spectroscopy of energy storage monomer equivalent circuit to have with the parameters of this telephoning telephony energy storage monomer equivalent circuit
Following corresponding relation:
Z (0)=rω+ra+rca=rinternal.
Wherein, z (ω) is the impedance of fuel cell equivalent circuit, and this impedance depends on angular frequency, rinternalIt is this electricity
The total internal resistance showing when chemical cell monomer output signal is for direct current signal.
By detecting each impedance in above-mentioned equivalent circuit in described electrochemical energy storage device 22 course of work
Judge the working environment state (as temperature, humidity etc.) of each element in electrochemical energy storage device 22, thus dynamically adjusting
Described working environment state effect to effectively improve this electrochemical energy storage device 22.Preferably, this electrochemical energy storage monomer
Can be at least one in fuel cell, lithium ion battery and ultracapacitor.Electrochemistry described in the embodiment of the present invention
Energy storage monomer is fuel cell, and accordingly, described electrochemical energy storage device 22 is the fuel cell electricity of multiple fuel cell series
Heap.
Described control system 24 determines according to the type of described electrochemical energy storage device 22.As when described electrochemical energy storage
When device 22 is Li-ion batteries piles, this control system 24 can be with lithium ion battery administrative unit, for detecting lithium ion battery
The temperature of group or each lithium ion battery, electric parameter the uniformity of this lithium ion battery is adjusted.The present invention is implemented
In example, this control system 24 corresponds to described fuel cell pile, and this control system 24 may include hydrogen gas system, air system, cold
But system, recovery system, temperature humidity detecting system and condition of work regulating system.Described condition of work regulating system utilizes
Other system detectios to operating condition parameters the working environment of described fuel cell pile is adjusted.
Refer to Fig. 5, described integrated dc/dc converter 200 includes a dc/dc converter 202, the 2nd dc/dc conversion
Device 204, first voltage sensor 206, second voltage sensor 208, the first current sensor 210, the second current sensor
212nd, the 3rd current sensor 214, the 4th current sensor 216 and controller 218, a described dc/dc converter 202 with
Described 2nd dc/dc converter 204 is in parallel, and the input of a described dc/dc converter 202 terminates described electrochemical energy storage device
22 output end, the output terminating load of a described dc/dc converter 202, described first voltage sensor 206 is connected in parallel on institute
State the input of a dc/dc converter 202, for detecting the output voltage of described electrochemical energy storage device 22, described second
Voltage sensor 208 is connected in parallel on the output end of a described dc/dc converter 202, for detecting a dc/dc converter
202 output voltage, described first current sensor 210 is connected on the output end of described electrochemical energy storage device 22, for examining
Survey the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22, described second current sensor 212 is connected on described 2nd dc/dc conversion
The input of device 204, for detecting the electric current of the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 input, described 3rd current sensor 214
It is connected on the output end of a described dc/dc converter 202, for detecting the electricity of a dc/dc converter 202 output end
Stream, described 4th current sensor 216 is connected on the output end of described 2nd dc/dc converter 204, for detect this second
The electric current of dc/dc converter 204 output end, described controller 218 receives described first voltage sensor 206, the first electric current passes
The signal that sensor 210, second voltage sensor 208 and the 3rd current sensor 214 collect, and pass through a described dc/
Dc converter 202 regulates and controls the output of described electrochemical energy storage device 22, additionally, this controller 218 controls described 2nd dc/dc to become
Being switched on or off of parallel operation 204, and control described 2nd dc/dc conversion in the state of described 2nd dc/dc converter is opened
The electric current that device 204 regulates and controls described electrochemical energy storage device 22 output end in the way of current disturbing to obtain this electrochemical energy storage dress
Put 22 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
A described dc/dc converter 202 and the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 can be any type of dc/dc conversion
Device, such as can in booster type dc/dc converter, voltage-dropping type dc/dc converter and buck-boost type dc/dc converter at least
A kind of.Preferably, a described dc/dc converter 202 is the dc/dc converter being applied to vehicle-mounted power demand, is more highly preferred to
Ground, a described dc/dc converter 202 is the high-power dc/dc converter being applied to vehicle-mounted power demand.First dc/dc
Preferably greater than or equal to 20 kilowatts of the power of converter 202.In the embodiment of the present invention, the power of a described dc/dc converter 202
For 20 kilowatts to 80 kilowatts.First dc/dc converter 202 is used for regulating and controlling the output of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 to meet
The demand of load.
Described 2nd dc/dc converter 204, as a signal disturbance source, is stored up with electrochemistry described in current disturbing mode tuning
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to detect this electrochemical energy storage device 22 for the output current of energy device 22.2nd dc/dc becomes
Parallel operation 204 is preferably high frequency dc/dc converter.It is more conducive to detect this electrochemical energy storage device 22 using high frequency dc/dc converter
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the current disturbing of the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 can be reduced described load output is done
Disturb or affect.The frequency of this high frequency dc/dc converter is preferably 0.1hz to 1khz.
Refer to Fig. 6, in the embodiment of the present invention, the boosting dc/dc conversion of boost type selected by the 2nd dc/dc converter 204
Device, the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 includes inductance l1, diode d1, switching device g1 and electric capacity c1.Wherein, described inductance
One end of l1 as the positive input of described 2nd dc/dc converter 204, the anode of the described diode d1 of another termination, institute
The negative electrode stating diode d1 is as the positive output end of the 2nd dc/dc converter 204.Described switching device g1 has gate pole, collection
Electrode and emitter stage, gate pole is connected with described controller 218, and described colelctor electrode is connected with the anode of described diode d1, institute
State emitter stage simultaneously as described 2nd dc/dc converter 204 negative input and negative sense output end.One end of described electric capacity c1
Connect the negative electrode of described diode d1, the emitter stage of the described switching device g1 of another termination.This switching device g1 is preferably igbt.
The course of work of the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 is as follows: when described switching device g1 turns on, input voltage uin
Produce electric current flow through inductance l1, according to the physical characteristic of inductance, the electric current flowing through inductance l1 is linearly increasing, power storage with electricity
In sense l1, inductance l1 and switching device g1 form conducting loop, now, the anode of diode d1 be connected on the negative pole of input power,
Negative electrode is connected on the positive pole of out-put supply, and diode d1 reversely ends；When described switching device g1 is changed into turning off from conducting, according to
The physical characteristic of inductance, the electric current flowing through inductance l1 can not produce mutation, thus producing electromotive force, the direction of electromotive force and input
Voltage uinDirection identical, the electric energy being stored in inductance l1 constantly discharges, and is charged to electric capacity c1 by diode d1 and to negative
Carry and energy is provided, now, inductance l1, diode d1, electric capacity c1 and load form loop.When periodicity controlling switch device g1's
When conducting is with turning off, you can realize energy by uinTransmission to uo.Described controller 218 can be existed by controlling this switching device g1
Not conducting in the same time and off state, to realize the generation of current disturbing signal.
Described first voltage sensor 206 and the first current sensor 210 are to realize measurement described electrochemical energy storage dress
Put the part of the electric parameter of 22 entirety.
Described 4th current sensor 216 can coordinate to monitor described 2nd dc/dc with described second current sensor 212
The efficiency of converter 204, can monitor described 2nd dc/dc converter output terminal curent change simultaneously, and be transferred to described control
Whether device 218 can produce considerable influence to load judging this curent change.
Described controller 218 receives the data of above-mentioned each sensor transmission, and according to loading demand and AC impedance
The demand of spectrum analysis is regulating and controlling a described dc/dc converter 202 and the 2nd dc/dc converter 204.
In normal operation, a described dc/dc converter 202 turns on this integrated dc/dc converter 200, and second
Dc/dc converter 204 disconnects, described controller 218 according to described first voltage sensor 206, second voltage sensor 208,
The data that first current sensor 210, the 3rd current sensor 214 collect, real by a described dc/dc converter 202
The now demand adjusting to meet load to the output of described electrochemical energy storage device 22.
When the AC impedance frequency spectrum of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 being analyzed, a described dc/dc conversion
Device 202 and the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 simultaneously turn on, and described controller 218 still adopts the mistake of above-mentioned normal operating conditions
Journey, is adjusted meeting load need to the output of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 by a described dc/dc converter 202
Ask.Described controller 218 receives described second current sensor 212 and the 3rd current sensor 214 (also can connect simultaneously simultaneously
Receive described 4th current sensor 216) data that collects, and according to this Data Control the 2nd dc/dc converter 204 with
The mode of current disturbing carries out regulation and control to obtain this electrochemical energy storage device to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22
22 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Further, when described electrochemical energy storage device includes multiple described electrochemical energy storage monomer, this integrated dc/dc
Converter 200 can further include a voltage polling device 220, and this voltage polling device 220 can gather each electrochemical energy storage
The voltage of monomer, and be transferred in described controller 218.This electrochemical energy storage dress can be obtained using this voltage polling device 220
Put the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of each electrochemical energy storage monomer in 22.
Additionally, described disturbing source can also be not limited to described 2nd dc/dc converter 204, as long as current perturbation can be produced
The circuit of signal all can be used to as described disturbing source.Such available disturbing source is with a described dc/dc converter 202 simultaneously
Connection.Such disturbing source includes switching device, produces required current disturbing signal by switching device described on or off.
Further referring to Fig. 7, a certain embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of disturbing source 204a, this disturbing source 204a to include inductance l1a, electricity
Hold c1a, switching device g1a and diode d1a, wherein, a termination positive input terminal of described inductance l1a, another termination switch
The emitter stage of device g1a, electric capacity c1a is connected in parallel on input, the negative electrode of diode d1a connect the emitter stage of described switching device g1a,
Anode connects negative input, and the base stage of described switching device g1a connects described controller 218, and colelctor electrode connects output end.Described switch
Device g1a is preferably igbt.
Refer to Fig. 8, another embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of disturbing source 204b, this disturbing source 204b include resistance r1b,
R2b, transformer t1b and switching device g1b, g2b, g3b, g4b.Described transformer t1b includes primary coil and secondary wire
Circle, a termination positive input of described primary coil, the other end is connected with resistance r1b and is followed by negative input, described secondary
Connected with resistance r2b and be followed by the emitter stage of switching device g1b in one end of coil, the emitter stage of another termination switching device g2b.Institute
State switching device g1b, g2b, g3b and g4b composition bridge circuit, specifically, described switching device g1b, g2b, g3b and
The base stage of g4b is all connected with described controller 218, and the emitter stage of switching device g1b is connected with the colelctor electrode of switching device g3b,
The colelctor electrode of switching device g1b is connected with the colelctor electrode of switching device g2b and as positive output end, switching device g2b sends out
Emitter-base bandgap grading is connected with the colelctor electrode of switching device g4b, and the emitter stage of switching device g3b is connected simultaneously with the emitter stage of switching device g4b
As negative sense output end.Described switching device g1b, g2b, g3b and g4b are preferably igbt.
Described disturbing source 204a, 204b and 204 all by described controller 218 regulate and control the conducting of described switching device with
Turn off and to produce the current disturbing signal of required frequency and amplitude.
Refer to Fig. 9, the embodiment of the present invention is based on above-mentioned integrated dc/dc converter 200, it is further provided a kind of described electricity
The analysis method of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of chemical energy storage device 22, comprises the following steps:
S1, turns on described 2nd dc/dc converter 204, and described controller 218 regulates and controls described 2nd dc/dc conversion simultaneously
Device 204 produces a current disturbing signal；
S2, carries out disturbance using this current disturbing signal to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22；
S3, the output current after detection described electrochemical energy storage device 22 disturbance and output voltage；
S4, calculates and this current disturbing letter according to described current disturbing signal and described output current and output voltage
Number the corresponding impedance of frequency, and
S5, changes the frequency of described current disturbing signal, again the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device is carried out
Disturbance, to obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of this electrochemical energy storage device 22.
Before the analysis of above-mentioned electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and during analysis, a described dc/dc converter 202
All the time normal work exports load, specifically, refers to Figure 10, a described dc/dc converter 202 course of work include with
Lower step:
S1a, selects control model and the target output signal of a described dc/dc converter 202 according to loading demand
Value
S1b, detects output current and the output voltage of described electrochemical energy storage device 22, and a described dc/dc
The output current of converter 202 and output voltage；
S1c, the output current of the described dc/dc converter 202 that step s1b is detected and output voltage and institute
State target output signal value and be compared and judge whether to reach this target output signal value:
If it is, persistently exporting to meet loading demand；
If not, when described controller 218 regulates and controls the conducting of a dc/dc converter 202 breaker in middle device with turning off
Between so that the output of a described dc/dc converter 202 reaches described target output signal value.
In above-mentioned steps s1a, described control model selects according to the demand of load, and it is defeated that this control model includes electric current
Go out and voltage output.
In above-mentioned steps s1c, when being not reaching to described target output signal value, it is right that described controller 218 can pass through
The conducting of switching device in a described dc/dc converter 202 and turn-off time are regulated and controled so that described electrochemical energy storage
Device 22 exports corresponding electric current and voltage to meet the demand of load.
Refer to Figure 11, above-mentioned steps s1 specifically include following steps:
S11, determines whether to carry out ac resistance analysis, if it is, turning on described 2nd dc/dc converter 204, simultaneously
Execution step s12, if it is not, then be not turned on described 2nd dc/dc converter 204；
S12, selectes the frequency of ac resistance analysis to be carried out；
S13, select to should frequency current disturbing signal amplitude；
S14, determines described current disturbing signal according to described frequency and amplitude；
S15, detects that the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 and described 2nd dc/dc converter 204 input
The electric current at end, and
S16, judges whether the electric current of described 2nd dc/dc converter 204 input reaches described current disturbing signal, such as
Really no, the conducting that described controller 218 regulates and controls described 2nd dc/dc converter 204 breaker in middle device was reached with the turn-off time
Predetermined described current disturbing signal.
In above-mentioned steps s12, can further include whether the frequency judging ac resistance analysis to be carried out is single frequency
Rate, if single-frequency, then executes described step s13-16, during if there are multiple frequency, execution the following step:
S12a, determines the amplitude of each frequency corresponding current disturbing signal；
S12b, forms multiple current disturbing signals；
S12c, the plurality of current disturbing Signal averaging is synthesized a hybrid perturbation current signal, and
S12d, executes described step s15-s16.
In above-mentioned steps s15, detect that the purpose of the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 is, further really
Whether the amplitude of this output current after disturbance for the electrochemical energy storage device 22 fixed is consistent with the amplitude of described current disturbing signal,
If inconsistent readjust described current disturbing signal so that output after disturbance for the described electrochemical energy storage device 22 is electric
The amplitude of stream is consistent with the amplitude of described current disturbing signal.
In above-mentioned steps s16, can with further reference to the output current of the described electrochemical energy storage device 22 after disturbance with
Ensure the overall demand not affecting to load of superposition of described current disturbing signal.
In above-mentioned steps s1, described current disturbing signal is preferably the sinusoidal current disturbing signal of a small magnitude, adopts
The current disturbing signal of small magnitude carries out disturbance one side and can avoid to negative to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22
Load demand produces big impact, on the other hand it is also possible that the whole body of this disturbing signal and this integrated dc/dc converter 200
Approximately linear, so that the Mathematical treatment of subsequent measurement becomes simple between the response of system.
The size of described amplitude can be 1% to the 10% of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 output current.Preferably, institute
State that amplitude is described electrochemical energy storage device 22 output current 5%.
In above-mentioned steps s2, when the output current to described electrochemical energy storage device 22 applies described current disturbing signal
When, this electrochemical energy storage device 22 accordingly can produce the response signal of one and this current disturbing signal same frequency.Using this sound
Induction signal and current disturbing signal can calculate the electrochemical AC impedance that described correspondence selectes frequency.
Obtain the corresponding electrochemical AC impedance of described frequency in order to accurate further, refer to Figure 12, described step
S3 further includes:
S31, the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 of continuous record a period of time and described 2nd dc/dc
The input electric current of converter 204；
S32, judges whether described current disturbing signal can be sampled according to the electric current of collection in the above-mentioned time period
Analytical calculation AC impedance, if not, executing described step s31, if it is, execution step s33；
S33, continues the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 and the output voltage of collection a period of time, and
S34, calculates AC impedance amplitude and the phase place at described frequency according to this output current and output voltage.
In above-mentioned steps s31, because current disturbing signal is applied to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device 22
When, produce response signal and have certain response time, accordingly, it would be desirable to the described electrochemical energy storage dress of pre-recorded a period of time
Put 22 response output current and the input electric current of described 2nd dc/dc converter 204.Time period in this step s31
Relevant with described frequency, during high frequency, the described time period can choose the more cycle (as 10 cycles), can choose less during low frequency
Cycle (less than 2 cycles).Preferably, the time period in described step s31 is 1 cycle to 10 cycles.
Further, can gather in above-mentioned steps s31 simultaneously the output current of a described dc/dc converter 202 with
Guarantee to meet the demand of load.
In above-mentioned steps s32, judge whether to obtain corresponding response signal, if electrochemistry can be proceeded by
Ac resistance analysis.
In above-mentioned steps s33, continue the purpose of the collection output voltage of a period of time and output current also for
Meet response and reduce power consumption it is preferable that this time period is less than 0.2 second simultaneously.
After above-mentioned steps s33, can to described step s33, the output current collecting and output voltage be carried out further
Filtering and Fourier transform (fft) are processed.
Output current after the output end of described electrochemical energy storage device 22 applies described current disturbing signal is:
I=i1+δi×sin(2πf×t+φ1)；
Wherein, i1It is electrochemical energy storage device 22 output end reference current value, δ i current disturbing signal amplitude, f is selected
Described disturbing signal frequency, t is the time, φ1Initial phase for this current disturbing signal.
After current disturbing, the output voltage of response is:
U=u1+δu×sin(2πf×t+φ1+φ)；
Wherein, u1It is electrochemical energy storage device 22 output end reference voltage value, δ u is disturbance response signal amplitude, f is to ring
Induction signal frequency is identical with disturbing signal frequency, and φ is the lagging phase that response signal is with respect to described current disturbing signal.
The AC impedance of the electrochemical energy storage device 22 under selected described frequency f is:
Wherein,For the AC impedance amplitude under described frequency f, j is imaginary unit.
By changing described frequency, you can obtain the electrochemical AC impedance of the electrochemical energy storage device 22 under different frequency
Value, thus obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of this electrochemical energy storage device 22.When described electrochemical energy storage device 22 includes
During multiple electrochemical energy storage monomer, by measuring output voltage and the output current of each electrochemical energy storage monomer, and using upper
The method of stating can obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of each electrochemical energy storage monomer.
Refer to Figure 13, the embodiment of the present invention further provides for a kind of analysis side of electrochemical energy storage device 22 working condition
Method, comprises the following steps:
T1, provides a typical AC impedance frequency spectrum, and this typical AC impedance frequency spectrum includes multiple reflection desired electrochemical storages
The typical frequencies impedance respective value of all parts working condition in energy device；
T2, obtains this electrochemical energy storage device 22 actual AC impedance frequency using the method for aforementioned AC impedance spectrum analysis
Spectrum, wherein, described electrochemical energy storage device 22 is identical with the type of described desired electrochemical energy storage device, and
T3, described actual AC impedance frequency spectrum is compared to analyze described electrification with described typical case's AC impedance frequency spectrum
Learn the working condition of all parts in energy storage device.
In above-mentioned steps t1, described typical case's AC impedance frequency spectrum can be by multiple measurement and described electrochemical energy storage device
The electrochemical ac resistance of 22 same types, better performances and the desired electrochemical energy storage device under a comparatively ideal working environment
Anti- acquisition.The preparation method of this typical AC impedance frequency spectrum also can be obtained by described analysis method provided in an embodiment of the present invention
?.In this typical AC impedance frequency spectrum, the plurality of typical frequencies impedance respective value can reflect the electrochemistry of this type
The preferable working condition of all parts in energy storage device.
In above-mentioned steps t3, by described typical case's AC impedance frequency spectrum is compared with described actual AC impedance frequency spectrum
Relatively, you can judge the working condition of all parts in described electrochemical energy storage device 22, adjust such that it is able to timely, make this electrification
Learn energy storage device 22 and be maintained at a preferably working condition.
Additionally, in this analysis method, also can only detect specific and described electrochemical energy storage device all parts work
Make the AC impedance of state correlated frequency.
Integrated dc/dc converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention not only can flexible modulation electrochemical energy storage device output
Characteristic, can be existed by described 2nd dc/dc converter with the working condition of real-time monitoring electrochemical energy storage device, specifically
The output end of described electrochemical energy storage device applies the current disturbing signal of different frequency, and by detecting described electrochemical energy storage
The electric current of device output end and voltage can obtain the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of this electrochemical energy storage device, according to this exchange
Impedance spectrum can analyze the working condition of this electrochemical energy storage device, thus can be to the condition of work of this electrochemical energy storage device
It is adjusted such that this electrochemical energy storage device may remain in preferable working condition.Additionally, this integrated dc/dc converter becomes
This is low and is beneficial to vehicle-mounted, and can greatly save installing space when vehicle-mounted.
Embodiment 1
Electrochemical energy storage device 22 described in the embodiment of the present invention is fuel cell pile.Please refer to Figure 14-15, adopt
With the current perturbation of small magnitude, disturbance is carried out to the output current of fuel cell pile, due to this current disturbing signal amplitude relatively
Little, ensure that this fuel cell pile shows linear characteristic near a of operating point.Calculated according to above-mentioned formula and can get
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of this fuel cell pile, as shown in figure 16, wherein, CF can reflect fuel cell electricity
The working condition of heap difference part.
Specifically, frequency f0Represent the low-frequency ac impedance of this fuel cell pile, typical frequencies are 0.1hz, be combustion
Expect the sign of battery pile internal soundness transfer impedance, that is, reactant is transferred to the speed journey of catalyst layer by fuel cell system
Degree.When being left in fuel cell pile bipolar plates or gas diffusion layers are reduced by liquid water blockage or reacting gas partial pressure
Or during excess air coefficient reduction, low-frequency ac impedance all can increased.
Frequency f1Represent the midfrequent AC impedance of fuel cell pile, typical frequencies are 4hz, are that fuel battery inside is urged
The dynamic (dynamical) sign of agent.When catalyst loss or catalyst failure (catalyst poisoning such as being led to by co), intermediate frequency is handed over
Flow impedance and low-frequency ac impedance can increased.
Frequency f2Represent the high-frequency ac impedance of fuel cell pile, typical frequencies are 1khz, are fuel cell piles
The sign of capacitive reactances.When fuel cell pile do not carry out appropriateness compression or collector plate constantly corrode in time, high frequency hand over
Flow impedance can increased.Meanwhile, this high frequency high-sulfur impedance is the sign of proton exchange water content of membrane, is exactly specifically, table
Levy PEM and be in saturation state or mummification state, both states all can lead to proton transfer impedance to increase.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other changes in present invention spirit, certainly, these are according to present invention essence
The change that god is done, all should be included within scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device, comprises the following steps:
There is provided an integrated dc/dc converter, this integrated dc/dc converter includes a dc/dc converter, the 2nd dc/dc conversion
Device and controller, a described dc/dc converter is in parallel with the 2nd dc/dc converter, a described dc/dc converter with
Described 2nd dc/dc converter independently operates, the input of a described dc/dc converter and electrochemical energy storage device
Output end connects, and described 2nd dc/dc converter includes switching device, and the output end of a dc/dc converter is with load even
Connect, the output in order to regulate and control described electrochemical energy storage device selectively turns on or closes to meet load output, described controller
Break described 2nd dc/dc converter；
Described 2nd dc/dc converter opened by described controller, regulates and controls described 2nd dc/dc converter generation one electric current simultaneously and disturbs
Dynamic signal；
Using this current disturbing signal, disturbance is carried out to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device；
Detect the output current after this electrochemical energy storage device disturbance and output voltage；
Calculated and this current disturbing letter according to the output current after this current disturbing signal and described disturbance and output voltage
Number the corresponding impedance of frequency, and
Change the frequency of described current disturbing signal, again disturbance is carried out to the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device, with
Obtain the AC impedance frequency spectrum of this electrochemical energy storage device.
2. the ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described electric current is disturbed
The process that dynamic signal produces comprises the following steps:
S11, determines whether to carry out ac resistance analysis, if it is, execution step s12, if it is not, then being not turned on described second
Dc/dc converter；
S12, selectes the frequency of ac resistance analysis to be carried out；
S13, select to should frequency current disturbing signal amplitude；
S14, determines described current disturbing signal according to described frequency and amplitude；
S15, the detection output current of described electrochemical energy storage device and the input electric current of described 2nd dc/dc converter,
And
S16, judges whether the input electric current of described 2nd dc/dc converter reaches the amplitude of described current disturbing signal, such as
Really no, the conducting of the described controller described 2nd dc/dc converter breaker in middle device of regulation and control and turn-off time reach predetermined
The amplitude of described current disturbing signal.
3. the ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 2 is it is characterised in that in described step
In s12, determine whether whether the frequency that will carry out described ac resistance analysis is single-frequency, if it is executes described step
Rapid s13-s16, during if there are multiple frequency, execution the following step:
S12a, determines the amplitude of each frequency corresponding current disturbing signal；
S12b, forms multiple current disturbing signals；
S12c, the plurality of current disturbing Signal averaging is synthesized a hybrid perturbation current signal, and
S12d, executes described step s15-s16.
4. the ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described electric current is disturbed
Dynamic signal is the sinusoidal current disturbing signal of a small magnitude, and the size of this amplitude is described electrochemical energy storage device output current
1% to 10%.
5. the ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute after disturbance
The collection of the output voltage and output current of stating electrochemical energy storage device comprises the following steps:
S31, the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device of continuous record a period of time and described 2nd dc/dc converter
Input electric current；
S32, judges whether to carry out sampling analysis to described current disturbing signal according to the electric current of collection in the above-mentioned time period
Calculate AC impedance, if not, executing described step s31, if it is, execution step s33；
S33, continues the output current of described electrochemical energy storage device and the output voltage of collection a period of time, and
S34, the output current according to the collection of this step s33 and output voltage calculate AC impedance amplitude and phase at described frequency
Position；
Wherein, the acquisition time section in described step s31 and s33 meets the response time.
6. the ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 5 is it is characterised in that in described step
After s33, the output current further described step s33 being collected and output voltage be filtered and Fourier transform at
AC impedance amplitude and the phase place at described frequency is calculated again after reason.
7. electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 1 ac resistance analysis method it is characterised in that with described electric current
The corresponding impedance of frequency of disturbing signal is calculated by following process:
Output current after the output end of described electrochemical energy storage device applies described current disturbing signal is: i=i1+δi×
sin(2πf×t+φ1)；Wherein, i1It is described electrochemical energy storage device output end reference current value, current disturbing letter described in δ i
Number amplitude, f is the frequency of selected described current disturbing signal, and t is the time, φ1Initial phase for this current disturbing signal
Position；
After current disturbing, the output voltage of the response of described electrochemical energy storage device is: u=u1+δu×sin(2πf×t+φ1+
φ)；Wherein, u1It is the output end reference voltage value of described electrochemical energy storage device, δ u is disturbance response signal amplitude, f is to ring
Induction signal frequency, identical with described disturbing signal frequency, φ is the delayed phase that response signal is with respect to described current disturbing signal
Position；
The AC impedance of the electrochemical energy storage device under frequency f of selected described current disturbing signal is:Wherein,For the exchange resistance under frequency f of the described current disturbing signal selected
Anti- amplitude, j is imaginary unit.
8. the ac resistance analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that work as described electrification
When energy storage device includes multiple electrochemical energy storage monomer, by measuring output voltage and the output of each electrochemical energy storage monomer
Electric current, and obtain each electrochemical energy storage using the method for ac resistance analysis as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 in one of claims
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of monomer.
9. a kind of analysis method of electrochemical energy storage device working condition, comprises the following steps:
There is provided a typical AC impedance frequency spectrum, this typical AC impedance frequency spectrum is included in multiple reflection desired electrochemical energy storage devices
The typical frequencies impedance respective value of all parts working condition；
This electrochemical energy storage device is obtained using the method for ac resistance analysis as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8 in one of claims
Actual AC impedance frequency spectrum, wherein, described electrochemical energy storage device is identical with the type of described desired electrochemical energy storage device, with
And
Described actual AC impedance frequency spectrum is compared to analyze described electrochemical energy storage with described typical case's AC impedance frequency spectrum
The working condition of all parts in device.
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| PCT/CN2015/078178 WO2016019744A1 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-05-04 | Integrated dc/dc converter and electrochemical energy storage system as well as alternating-current impedance analytical method for electrochemical energy storage device and analytical method for working state of electrochemical energy storage device |
| US14/973,905 US9897663B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-12-18 | Integrated DC/DC converter, electrochemical energy storage system, and methods for analyzing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and working state of electrochemical energy storage apparatus |
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| WO2016019744A1 (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-11 | 清华大学 | Integrated dc/dc converter and electrochemical energy storage system as well as alternating-current impedance analytical method for electrochemical energy storage device and analytical method for working state of electrochemical energy storage device |
| CN105629105B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-06-29 | 工业和信息化部电子第五研究所 | electrostatic transducer reliability test method and system |
| CN106154027B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-11-23 | 清华大学 | A kind of voltage polling device for electrochemical energy storage device |
| CN106371029A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Lithium battery AC impedance spectrum online synchronous test method and device |
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| TWI618330B (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2018-03-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Electronic device, battery module and charging and discharging method |
| CN107482911A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-15 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A kind of DC/DC converters suitable for h2 fuel cell stack ac impedance measurement |
| US10855095B2 (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-12-01 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Battery impedance detection using voltage and current measurements |
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| CN113253123B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-05-31 | 清华大学 | Full-working-condition online impedance testing device and method for fuel cell |
| CN114514682A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-05-17 | 深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling input signal of DC converter and storage medium |
| CN114267854B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-09 | 电子科技大学 | Closed-loop water management method and device for proton exchange membrane stack |
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