CN104145084A - Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine - Google Patents

Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104145084A
CN104145084A CN201280069300.4A CN201280069300A CN104145084A CN 104145084 A CN104145084 A CN 104145084A CN 201280069300 A CN201280069300 A CN 201280069300A CN 104145084 A CN104145084 A CN 104145084A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fluid
cylinder
piston
assembly
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201280069300.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104145084B (en
Inventor
J·劳勒
M·斯维塞克
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Manspring Energy Co.,Ltd.
Original Assignee
Etagen Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/340,538 external-priority patent/US9004038B2/en
Priority claimed from US13/340,534 external-priority patent/US8720317B2/en
Priority claimed from US13/340,544 external-priority patent/US9097203B2/en
Priority claimed from US13/340,537 external-priority patent/US20130167797A1/en
Application filed by Etagen Inc filed Critical Etagen Inc
Publication of CN104145084A publication Critical patent/CN104145084A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104145084B publication Critical patent/CN104145084B/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/02—Equalising or cushioning devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/08—Constructional features providing for lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J10/00—Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
    • F16J10/02—Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers
    • F16J10/04—Running faces; Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F02B63/041—Linear electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C29/025—Hydrostatic or aerostatic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A piston engine may include a non-contact bearing between a piston assembly and a cylinder. The piston may be configured to translate in a bore of the cylinder, and a non- contact bearing may be included in a clearance gap between the piston assembly and the bore. A bearing fluid may be supplied to the clearance gap via the piston assembly and/or cylinder to create the non-contact bearing. A bearing element may be used to direct or otherwise manage the flow of bearing fluid in the clearance gap. The bearing element may include one or more holes, porous portions, and/or passages to direct the bearing fluid to the clearance gap.

Description

Be used for the method and system in the gap of managing reciprocating engine
Background technique
Along with the compression ratio of motor increases, in keeping specific Bore-to-Stroke Ratio (bore-to-stroke ratio), the surface to volume ratio (surface to volume ratio) of locating at top dead center (TDC) increases, temperature raises and pressure raises.Thering are like this three kinds of main consequences: 1) increase by 2 from the heat transfer of firing chamber) burning phasing becomes difficulty, and 3) friction and mechanical loss increase.Because thermal boundary layer, along with the aspect ratio at TDC place (the namely length ratio of cylinder barrel diameter and firing chamber) diminishes and becomes the larger part of total measurement (volume), increases so conduct heat.Burning phasing and realize perfect combustion all because there is challenge at the little volume of TDC place realization.The rising of chamber pressure is converted into the increase that acts on the active force on engine components.These large active forces can make mechanical fastener (for example wrist pin, piston rod, bent axle) and the pressure energized seal ring overload in motor, cause thus the increase of friction, wearing and tearing and/or fault.
The main challenge being associated with linear piston formula motor is the kinetic energy of piston to be converted into efficiently mechanical work and/or electric energy.Space (being called in this article " gap ") between piston and cylinder wall is to keep piston to align, avoid piston contact with cylinder wall and relevant frictional loss and control the key point of the Leakage Gas (for example blow-by gas) that passes through piston.Gap can for example, be affected by acting on influence of unbalance power, the thermic expansion on piston or shrinking (solid deformation), the engine condition changing or other correlative factor.The management of gap, piston temperature, temperature cylinder or its combination can be desirable in some applications.
Summary of the invention
In certain embodiments, a kind of reciprocating engine can comprise piston and cylinder assembly, and described piston and cylinder assembly can comprise FDB in the gap between the cylinder barrel of cylinder and piston assembly.Piston assembly can be in cylinder barrel axial translation, and piston area can be towards the burning zone of an end in contact cylinder of cylinder.At least one bearing element can provide to bearing fluid mobile in the gap between cylinder barrel and piston assembly to form FDB.In certain embodiments, bearing element can be a part for piston assembly, provide the radially outer of bearing fluid to flow, and piston assembly can comprise the fluid passage for pilot bearing fluid.In certain embodiments, bearing element can be a part for cylinder, provide the radially inner of bearing fluid to flow, and cylinder can comprise the fluid passage for pilot bearing fluid.Bearing element can comprise that hole, jet face, arbitrarily other suitable fluid outputs or its combination in any are for providing bearing fluid to gap.
In certain embodiments, a kind of reciprocating engine can comprise piston and cylinder assembly, and described piston and cylinder assembly comprise the piston and the cylinder that have from feature placed in the middle.Piston can be formed at axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.
In certain embodiments, piston can be a part for the piston assembly of axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.Cylinder can comprise the burning zone that can comprise products of combustion.Blow-by gas from burning zone can axially flow out from burning zone, through piston area, flows through the gap between piston and cylinder.Can utilize being flowing on piston of blow-by gas to provide from active force placed in the middle from feature placed in the middle.Can be step, one or more slot type recess, convergent portion, other suitable features or its combination in any arbitrarily from feature placed in the middle.
In certain embodiments, a kind of reciprocating engine can comprise the piston assembly with one or more heating pipe.Piston assembly can be formed at axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.Cylinder can comprise the burning zone that can comprise products of combustion, and correspondingly the piston area of piston assembly can stand the rising of temperature.In certain embodiments, heating pipe can with piston area thermo-contact, and can be from piston area thermotropism container transport heat.The first portion of heating pipe can receive heat from piston area, and the second portion of heating pipe can thermotropism container transport heat.Heating pipe can comprise fluid for example water, ethanol, ammoniacal liquor or can experience the sodium of gas-liquid phase conversion.
In certain embodiments, a kind of reciprocating engine can comprise the cylinder liner in the cylinder that is configured to be positioned at coaxially reciprocating engine.Cylinder liner can comprise can with can be in cylinder liner the piston assembly of axial translation form the internal surface in gap.Cylinder liner can also comprise the outer surface docking with the cylinder of reciprocating engine.Docking between outer surface and cylinder can comprise the fluid passage that can be used as pressure controlled fluid pipeline used.Cylinder liner can be configured to fluid radial contraction or the expansion based on pressure controlled at least in part, and can regulate thus gap.
In certain embodiments, a kind of reciprocating engine can comprise one or more fluid passage, be configured to cylinder provide local, optionally, fast response or otherwise controlled heating or cooling.The flow velocity, temperature, pressure or its combination that offer fluid passage can regulate the temperature with control piston formula motor by control system.In certain embodiments, cylinder can comprise that one or more local heat sources for example can be by control system control to provide one or more electric heaters of local heating.
In certain embodiments, the gap in can control piston formula motor between coaxial piston assembly and cylinder.Can utilize one or more sensors to detect for example other suitable indexs in temperature, pressure, merit interaction (work interaction) and/or gap of at least one index.Control response can be determined based on described index at least in part by processing equipment.Processing equipment can use control interface, and with at least part of ground, at least one auxiliary system in control response to reciprocating engine provides control signal.At least one auxiliary system can regulate gap based on control signal at least in part.
Brief description of the drawings
Above and other feature of the present disclosure, its essence and various advantage will become more apparent after the detailed description below considering by reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has the integrated linear electromagnetic machine (LEM) that piston assembly, gas spring and the part as cylinder are included;
Fig. 2 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has piston assembly, gas spring and integrated linear electromagnetic machine (LEM);
Fig. 3 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has and comprises the piston assembly of two pistons, independent gas spring and integrated LEM;
Fig. 4 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has two piston assemblys, independent gas spring and two integrated LEM;
Fig. 5 shows the perspective view from a part for feature placed in the middle that has of exemplary piston assembly according to some embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 6 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein blow-by gas comes from burning zone;
Fig. 7 shows exemplary piston assembly in Fig. 6 and the sectional view of cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, and wherein piston assembly is eccentric;
Fig. 8 shows exemplary piston assembly in Fig. 6 and the sectional view of cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, and wherein piston assembly is placed in the middle;
Fig. 9 shows the sectional view of a part for exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has piston assembly, and described piston assembly has can help its feature placed in the middle;
Its piston assembly that Figure 10 shows exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the sectional view of notch type from a part for feature placed in the middle;
Its piston assembly that Figure 11 shows exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the sectional view of step type from a part for feature placed in the middle;
Its piston assembly that Figure 12 shows exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the sectional view of a tapering type part from feature placed in the middle;
Its bearing element that Figure 13 shows exemplary piston assembly according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the perspective view of the part in hole;
Figure 14 shows the perspective view of a part with porous bearing element for exemplary piston assembly according to some embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 15 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FDB runs through piston assembly;
Figure 16 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FDB runs through piston assembly;
Figure 17 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FDB runs through cylinder;
Figure 18 shows the sectional view of the exemplary device of piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein have FDB and the translation part that comprises fluid passage;
The sectional view that Figure 19 shows the exemplary device of piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein has FDB and safety check;
Figure 20 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein heating pipe is included as a part for piston assembly;
Figure 21 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein heating pipe is formed by inner space;
Figure 22 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine comprises piston assembly and has coolant channel and the cylinder of heating pipe;
Figure 23 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein cylinder has deformable cylinder liner;
Figure 24 shows exemplary piston assembly in Figure 23 and the sectional view of cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein deformable cylinder liner experience distortion;
Figure 25 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly and cylinder according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein cylinder has the deformable cylinder liner of segmentation;
Figure 26 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein reciprocating engine has deformable cylinder liner;
Figure 27 shows the sectional view of a part with Local cooling agent passage for exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 28 shows the sectional view of a part with Local cooling agent passage for exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 29 shows the sectional view of a part with local heat source for exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described local heat source comprises electric heater;
Figure 30 shows the sectional view of a part for exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising being used to heating, cooling or above-mentioned fluid passage double-duty;
Figure 31 shows the perspective view of a part with bearing element and feature certainly placed in the middle for exemplary piston assembly according to some embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 32 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, piston assembly wherein has bearing element, heating pipe and from feature placed in the middle, and cylinder wherein has deformable cylinder liner and coolant channel;
Figure 33 is the Block Diagram for the exemplary control gear of reciprocating engine according to some embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 34 is the flow chart for the exemplary steps in the gap of regulating piston formula motor according to some embodiment of the present disclosure; And
Figure 35 is the flow chart for the exemplary steps of one or more character of regulating piston formula motor according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.
Embodiment
The disclosure relates to gap and/or other character of managing reciprocating engine.Although discuss under the background of free piston engine, technology disclosed herein and device can be applied to non-free piston engine or other suitable mechanical systems.Term " reciprocating engine " herein should represent free piston type and non-free-piston motor.
Utilize the reciprocating engine of the [thermodynamic work of any appropriate can comprise piston and the cylinder assembly for realizing displacement acting.Piston can separate by relatively little gap with cylinder, and piston axial translation in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.In certain embodiments, piston can be included as the part of " piston assembly ", piston assembly can also comprise one or more piston seals (for example piston ring), bearing element, framework, piston rod, translation part and/or miscellaneous part, and these parts can move as the assembly of substantially rigid uniformly at least in part in cylinder barrel.Gap can be constant or (for example gap can be described by one-tenth-value thickness 1/10, numerical curve or codomain and/or symmetrical measuring) that change along the radial periphery of piston assembly or its parts.Cylinder can comprise burning zone, oxygenant (for example air, vitiated air, oxygen) and fuel (for example gaseous state or liquid hydrocarbon fuel) can be sent in burning zone respectively or as the mixture being pre-mixed.The expansion of high-temperature combustion product impels piston displacement.Can utilize mechanical fastener (for example utilizing the assembly of piston rod and bent axle), electromagnetic interaction (for example utilizing the linear electromagnetic machine (LEM) with translation part and stator as the disclosure described in), air pressure link (for example utilizing by interactional two pistons of middle gas volume), arbitrarily other suitable acting technology or its combination in any to come to do work by the motion of piston.Also can utilize the motion of piston to realize by piston-cylinder assembly to the compression of air and/or fuel.In certain embodiments, compression work can by gas actuating device, LEM or above-mentioned both provide.
Fig. 1-4 show the reciprocating engine that can benefit from instruction of the present disclosure.It should be understood that instruction of the present disclosure also can be applied to other suitable reciprocating engine arbitrarily except shown in accompanying drawing and the reciprocating engine of introducing herein.Although it should also be understood that in Fig. 1-4 also not shown, but reciprocating engine can comprise one or more subtense angles for example cooling subsystem, air conveying system, fuel delivery system, igniting subtense angle, vent systems, electronic control system and/or other suitable subtense angles, and term " reciprocating engine " can represent the set of suitable parts and subtense angle.
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 100 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has piston assembly 110, gas spring 148 and integrated linear electromagnetic machine (LEM) 160.Reciprocating engine 100 comprises cylinder 140 and the piston assembly 110 with cylinder barrel 134 and burning zone 130.In illustrated embodiment, piston assembly 110 comprises two piston areas 112, piston seal 114 and 115 and translation part 116.Although in Fig. 1 and not shown, piston assembly 110 can comprise bearing element, piston rod, other suitable parts or its combine arbitrarily arbitrarily.In illustrated embodiment, piston assembly 110 is positioned at the cylinder barrel 134 of cylinder 140 completely, and is configured to substantially along axis 150 translations.As shown in Figure 1, cylinder 140 comprises exhaust/injection tip 170 (for combustion gas and/or injection reactant), air inlet port 180 (for input air and/or air/fuel mixture) and propellant port one 90 (for supplying with and/or discharge propellant).Reciprocating engine 100 can utilize two-stroke circulation, four stroke cycle, other suitable circulations or its combine work arbitrarily arbitrarily.Can comprise that in certain embodiments striking plate 108 is to contribute to for example opposing impact between main combustion period.Valve and/or other fluidic component can but and not necessarily for any or whole port one 70,180 and 190 to control fluid to the inflow of reciprocating engine 100 with from the outflow of reciprocating engine 100.
Cylinder 140 can comprise and can burn therein, the branch 132 of gas expansion and exhaust, can carry out therein the interactional part 168 of electromagnetism merit and can play therein the part 178 of gas-powered and gas spring action.Various piece 132,168 and 178 can depend on structure and the position of piston assembly 110 in the cylinder barrel 134 of cylinder 140 of cylinder 140.As shown in Figure 1, can be included as a part for cylinder 140 for make the stator 162 of electromagnetism merit by the motion of translation part 116.
During expansion stroke at piston assembly 110 in cylinder 140, the burning in burning zone 130 due to oxygenant and fuel, translation part 116 can translate across stator 162.Translation device 116 can generation current with respect to the motion of stator 162 and corresponding to electric work.LEM 160 can comprise magneto, induction machine, switched reluctance machines, other suitable electromagnetic machines or its combination in any arbitrarily.For example, translation part 116 can comprise permanent magnet, and stator 162 can comprise coil, and coil can conduct the induction current producing by the motion of translation part 116.
Fig. 2 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 200 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has piston assembly 210, gas spring 248 and LEM260.Reciprocating engine 200 comprises cylinder 240, piston assembly 210 and the burning zone 230 with cylinder barrel 234.In illustrated embodiment, piston assembly 210 comprises piston area 212, piston seal 214 (for example piston ring, sealing surface), translation part 216 and piston rod 218.Although in Fig. 2 and not shown, piston assembly 210 can comprise bearing element, other suitable parts or its combine arbitrarily arbitrarily.In illustrated embodiment, piston assembly 210 is positioned partially in the cylinder barrel 234 of cylinder 240, and is configured to substantially along axis 250 translations.As shown in Figure 2, cylinder 240 comprises seals 242 (for reduce or avoid Leakage Gas to allow relative piston movement simultaneously), exhaust/injection tip 270 (for combustion gas and/or injection reactant), air inlet port 280 (for input air and/or air/fuel mixture) and propellant port 290 (for supplying with and/or discharge propellant).Reciprocating engine 200 can utilize two-stroke circulation, four stroke cycle, other suitable circulations or its combine work arbitrarily arbitrarily.Can comprise in certain embodiments striking plate 208.
Cylinder 240 can comprise can burn therein, the part 232 of gas expansion and exhaust and can play therein the part 278 of gas-powered and gas spring action.Part 268 can be independent of cylinder 240 and be included, and can comprise can be used in and carry out the interactional LEM 260 of electromagnetism merit.Various piece 232,268 and 278 can depend on structure and the position of piston assembly 210 in the cylinder barrel 234 of cylinder 240 of cylinder 240.As shown in Figure 2, for do by the motion of translation part 216 electromagnetism merit stator 262 can but and be not necessarily independent of cylinder 240.
Fig. 3 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 300 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has and comprises the piston assembly 310 of two pistons 311 and 313, independent gas spring 340 and LEM 360.Reciprocating engine 300 comprises cylinder 340 and 341, piston assembly 310 and the burning zone 330 respectively with cylinder barrel 334 and 335.In illustrated embodiment, piston assembly 310 comprises piston area 312, translation part 316, piston seal 314 and 315 and piston rod 318.Although in Fig. 3 and not shown, piston assembly 310 can comprise bearing element, other suitable parts or its combine arbitrarily arbitrarily.In illustrated embodiment, piston assembly 310 is positioned partially in the cylinder barrel 334 of cylinder 340, and is positioned partially in the cylinder barrel 335 of cylinder 341, and is configured to substantially along axis 350 translations.As shown in Figure 3, cylinder 340 comprises seals 342 (for reduce or avoid Leakage Gas to allow relative piston movement simultaneously), exhaust/injection tip 370 (for combustion gas and/or injection reactant), air inlet port 380 (for input air and/or air/fuel mixture) and gas ports 395 (for discharging blow-by gas or air supply).As shown in Figure 3, cylinder 341 comprises seals 343 (for reduce or avoid Leakage Gas to allow relative piston movement simultaneously), propellant port 390 (for supplying with and/or discharge propellant).Reciprocating engine 300 can utilize two-stroke circulation, four stroke cycle, other suitable circulations or its combine work arbitrarily arbitrarily.Can comprise in certain embodiments striking plate 308.
Cylinder 340 can comprise can burn therein, the part 332 of gas expansion and exhaust.Cylinder 341 can comprise the part 378 that can play therein gas-powered and gas spring action.Part 368 can be included between cylinder 340 and 341, and can comprise can be used in and carry out the interactional LEM of electromagnetism merit.Various piece 332,368 and 378 can depend on structure and the position of piston assembly 310 in the cylinder barrel 334 and 335 of corresponding cylinder 340 and 341 of cylinder 340 and 341.As shown in Figure 3, for do by the motion of translation part 316 electromagnetism merit stator 362 can but and be not necessarily independent of cylinder 340 and 341.
Fig. 4 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 400 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has two piston assemblys 410 and 411, independent gas spring 448 and 449 and two LEM 460 and 461.As shown in the figure, reciprocating engine 400 be substantially equivalent to have single firing chamber, about two reciprocating engine 300 of exhaust/injection tip 370 symmetries.Should be appreciated that according to the disclosure also can realize other, can but and nonessential be symmetrical double piston type device, and reciprocating engine 400 is exemplary examples.
Be 12/953 at the people's such as Simpson application number, 270 the people's such as U.S. Patent application, Simpson application number is 12/953,277 the people's such as U.S. Patent application, Simpson application number is 13/102,916 the people's such as U.S. Patent application and Roelle application number is 13/028,053 U.S. Patent application comprises the more details about for example reciprocating engine 100,200,300 and 400 of reciprocating engine and operation and feature, therefore by quoting in full, all above-mentioned patent applications is incorporated to herein.
[from centering piston]
In certain embodiments, piston can comprise with respect to the cylinder of reciprocating engine provides from one or more features placed in the middle.
Fig. 5 shows the perspective view from a part for feature 506 placed in the middle that has of exemplary piston assembly 500 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.Piston assembly 500 can comprise piston area 502, element 504, from feature 506 placed in the middle, other suitable parts (not shown) or its combination in any arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, can be a part for element 504 from feature 506 placed in the middle.For example, element 504 can be bearing element (for example aerostatic bearing), and can be other the suitable features in step or the bearing element of machining from feature 506 placed in the middle.In certain embodiments, can be a part for piston area 502 from feature 506 placed in the middle.For example, can be other included features in step, one or more slot type recess, convergent portion or piston assembly 500 from feature 506 placed in the middle.In certain embodiments, piston assembly can comprise one or more features of contributing to piston assembly placed in the middle, parts or above-mentioned both.For example, thus piston assembly can comprise from feature placed in the middle and can contribute to the pressure on one or more sides of balanced piston component can contribute to piston feature placed in the middle.Although in Fig. 5 and not shown, piston assembly 500 can comprise piston rod, translation part, piston ring, FDB alternatively, other suitable parts or its combine arbitrarily arbitrarily.
Fig. 6 shows the sectional view of the exemplary device 600 of piston assembly 610 and cylinder 620 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein blow-by gas (illustrating with arrow 640) comes from burning zone 630.In certain embodiments, piston area 602 can catalytic combustion section 630 (exemplarily illustrating in Fig. 6), other suitable section (not shown) or its combination in any arbitrarily in the cylinder of gas-powered section (not shown in Fig. 6), reciprocating engine.Blow-by gas can flow out from burning zone 630, around piston area 602 and along piston assembly 610 axial flow.In certain embodiments, blow-by gas and the interaction from feature 616 placed in the middle can be for making piston assembly 610 placed in the middle.For example, can in the gap between piston assembly 610 and cylinder 620, generate for making piston assembly 610 pressure distribution placed in the middle.Blow-by gas can be from burning zone, gas-powered section or other suitable sections of work under the pressure of any appropriate (for example working under the pressure of 20-800bar or other suitable pressure) offer gap.
Fig. 7 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 610 and cylinder 620 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein piston assembly 610 is eccentric.The central axis 750 of cylinder 620 represents the geometric centre axes of the cylinder barrel of cylinder 620.In the time that piston assembly 610 is eccentric in cylinder 620, as shown in Figure 7, in the cylindrical coordinate system with respect to piston assembly, along the pressure field P at the transverse side of piston assembly 610 (namely at the radius R place that can change along with θ and z) 1(R, θ, z) can be that circumferential (namely along θ direction) is inhomogeneous at the axial position Z place specifying.
Fig. 8 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 610 and cylinder 620 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein piston assembly 610 is placed in the middle with respect to central axis 750.In the time that piston assembly 610 is placed in the middle in cylinder 620, as shown in Figure 8, the P of piston assembly 610 2(R, θ, z) can be circumferentially substantially uniform at the axial position Z place specifying.In certain embodiments, the pressure field of piston placed in the middle can be inhomogeneous, but when on the side that is integrated in piston, provide be substantially zero with joint efforts.For example, the piston assembly with slot type recess can have inhomogeneous circumferential pressure field due to recess, but can provide zero to make a concerted effort.
Fig. 9 shows the sectional view of a part for exemplary reciprocating engine 900 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine has piston assembly 910, and described piston assembly 910 has can help its feature placed in the middle 912.In certain embodiments, the such feature of for example feature 912 can with for example, together with feature placed in the middle (in Figure 10-12 arbitrarily from feature placed in the middle), be included in piston assembly.As shown in Figure 9, feature 912 can comprise the one or more grooves that extend around the whole periphery of piston assembly 910, and it can contribute to the pressure field in the gap 950 of phase diagram 9.Feature 912 also can be as straight-through labyrinth to reduce the axial flow velocity in gap 950.Although be exemplarily illustrated as groove in Fig. 9, the feature of any appropriate or its combination all can be used to help to realize between two parties according to the disclosure.
Figure 10 shows the sectional view of a part for exemplary reciprocating engine 1000 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, reciprocating engine 1000 comprises having the piston assembly 1010 of notch type from feature 1012 placed in the middle and one or more slit 1014.Can comprise one or more recesses from feature 1012 placed in the middle, each notch part ground extends around the periphery of piston assembly 1010.Slit 1014 can comprise one or more slits (for example, corresponding to one or more recesses), and it can be as flowing into the guide in recess for blow-by gas.Although be depicted as on the side that is positioned at piston assembly 1010, in certain embodiments, slit also can be contained in piston assembly inside and can be from the source charging of any appropriate.For example, can comprise three slot type recesses from feature 1012 placed in the middle, interval 120 on periphery, the center of each spends and each is less than 120 degree along the extension of periphery, also comprises three corresponding slits 1014, and it can allow fluid to flow into recess from the region 1060 of relatively high pressure.Can use the setting of any appropriate recess, segmented recess that comprises any suitable number according to the disclosure.
Its piston assembly 1110 that Figure 11 shows exemplary reciprocating engine 1100 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the sectional view of step type from a part for feature 1112 placed in the middle.Can comprise the step extending around the whole periphery of piston assembly 1110 from feature 1112 placed in the middle.Step can comprise the absolute and/or relative size of any appropriate.In illustrated example, (namely relatively more near the piston area 1102) gap in step can be the order of magnitude in the twice in the gap of the larger diameter location of piston assembly.In certain embodiments, piston assembly can comprise segmented step, and its set-up mode is similar to the slot type recess in Figure 10, but wherein recess extends through piston area 1102, and does not therefore need to comprise slit.
Its piston assembly 1210 that Figure 12 shows exemplary reciprocating engine 1200 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the sectional view of a tapering type part from feature 1212 placed in the middle.Can comprise the convergent portion of extending around the whole periphery of piston assembly 1210 from feature 1212 placed in the middle, wherein relatively shrink at the diameter at piston area 1202 places.Convergent portion can comprise the absolute and/or relative size of any appropriate.In illustrated example, can be the order of magnitude in the twice in the gap of the larger diameter location of piston assembly in (namely relatively more near the piston area 1202) gap at the minor diameter place of convergent portion.In certain embodiments, piston assembly can comprise more than one converging transition around periphery, and its set-up mode is similar to the slot type recess in Figure 10, and wherein convergent portion extends through piston area 1102.
In certain embodiments, any or whole in feature placed in the middle 1012,1112 and 1212, feature 912 and other suitable can combining from feature placed in the middle or other features.For example, piston assembly can comprise that convergent portion, step and a series of groove (for example labyrinth) are to provide placed in the middle.From feature placed in the middle can the piston area contacting with burning zone, gas-powered section, gas spring section, allow blow-by gas flow through any other suitable piston areas of piston area or its combination in any near use.For example,, for the reciprocating engine 300 of mark in Fig. 3, near feature placed in the middle can be contained in arbitrarily piston area 312.
[non-contact type bearing]
In certain embodiments, can between piston and the cylinder of correspondence, use non-contact type bearing.Non-contact type bearing can comprise that for example aerostatic bearing, hydrodynamic journal liquid polymers or other suitable can be are moved or static non-contact type bearing.Non-contact type bearing can comprise that isolation piston and cylinder wall are to reduce the fluid film of friction and the loss of relevant merit.In certain embodiments, the use of aerostatic bearing can allow piston in reciprocating engine and cylinder assembly without oil operation, and correspondingly reciprocating engine does not need auxiliary machine oil system, can simplify like this some aspect of motor framework.In certain embodiments, non-contact type bearing can comprise that machine oil is as bearing fluid.Bearing fluid for example can comprise air, nitrogen, waste gas, machine oil, liquid water, water vapour, liquid carbon dioxide, gaseous carbon dioxide, hydraulic fluid, other suitable fluids or its combination in any arbitrarily.The fluid of using in FDB can by piston assembly, cylinder or above-mentioned both provide.
Its bearing element 1310 that Figure 13 shows exemplary piston assembly 1300 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure has the perspective view of the part in hole 1312.Hole 1312 can be set to the combination in any of certain pattern, randomly setting or above-mentioned set-up mode.Hole 1312 can have the size of any appropriate.For example, in certain embodiments, the dimensional range in hole 1312 can several mil-inch or is smaller to 1/8th inches or larger.In certain embodiments, the size in hole 1312 can be selected for relative discharge restriction or the useful area of one or more other flow restriction or useful area according to hole.For example, the flow restriction providing with the flow restriction same order of the discharge path of the bearing fluid in 1310 downstreams, hole is provided in hole.Along with piston assembly 1300 translation in the cylinder barrel of suitable cylinder due to the active force on other suitable piston area (not shown) of piston area 1302 or piston assembly 1300, it is placed in the middle that bearing element can help to keep.Fluid can provide by the fluid source from any appropriate as shown in arrow 1322, and can in piston assembly 1300, be assigned to hole 1312 through internal fluid channels (not shown).After leaving hole 1312, fluid can flow through gap, and flows along the piston assembly 1300 of at least a portion.Fluid as shown in arrow 1320 can help to avoid and/or reduce the contact between piston assembly-cylinder from outside the flowing of bearing element 1310.
Although be shown hole in Figure 13, the port of any appropriate all can be used for providing to gap fluid to be used as FDB.For example, the gap between component can be used to provide fluid to gap.In further example, the annular orifice of partially or even wholly extending around the periphery of piston assembly can be used to provide fluid to gap.In certain embodiments, bearing element 1310 can comprise that enough little port (for example less than the mean free path of bearing fluid) is to allow earial drainage.
Figure 14 shows the perspective view of a part with porous bearing element 1410 for exemplary piston assembly 1400 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.Along with piston assembly 1400 translation in the cylinder barrel of suitable cylinder due to the active force on other suitable piston area (not shown) of piston area 1402 or piston assembly 1400, it is placed in the middle that bearing element can help to keep.Fluid can provide by the fluid source from any appropriate as shown in arrow 1422, and can be in piston assembly 1400 distribute through internal fluid channels (not shown), and can flow through subsequently the void space in the part of any appropriate of bearing element 1410.Bearing element 1410 can have porosity and the pore-size of any appropriate.After leaving the side of bearing element 1410, gas can flow through gap, and flows along the piston assembly 1400 of at least a portion.Fluid as shown in arrow 1420 can help to avoid and/or reduce the contact between piston assembly-cylinder from outside the flowing of bearing element 1410.Bearing element 1410 can allow the mobile material of fluid to form by its porosity of any appropriate.For example, porous bearing element can for example, by graphite, sintering metal (iron, steel, bronze), sintering or otherwise process porous ceramics (for example silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide), other suitable sintering or the material of otherwise processing or its combination in any form arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, bearing element 1410 can have the hole that size is enough little (for example less than the mean free path of bearing fluid) to allow earial drainage.
Figure 15 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 1500 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FDB 1510 runs through piston assembly 1500.Piston assembly 1500 can comprise unshowned other suitable parts or its combination in any arbitrarily in piston area 1502, bearing element 1510, framework 1550, fastening piece 1590, Figure 15.Piston assembly 1500 can be configured in the cylinder barrel of the cylinder that is assemblied in reciprocating engine, and can be configured to substantially along near the axis translation on cylinder barrel center line or cylinder barrel center line.Bearing element 1510 comprises fluid passage 1560, thereby fluid passage 1560 can be dispensed to one or more ports or surperficial flowing radially outward by bearing fluid from one or more input ports 1512 as shown in arrow 1522.In certain embodiments, bearing element 1510 can comprise the assembly of multiple parts.In certain embodiments, piston 1502 can comprise alternatively from feature placed in the middle or other suitable feature (not shown).
Figure 16 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 1610 and cylinder 1620 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FDB 1612 (being for example arranged in the fluid layer in the gap that is derived from least in part bearing element 1618) runs through piston assembly 1610.Piston assembly 1610 comprises the inner passage 1614 that can receive bearing fluid 1616.Bearing element 1618 is parts that comprise hole or porous portion of piston assembly 1610, and bearing fluid can be from incoming fluid bearing 1612 here.Bearing element 1618 can be integrated component (as shown in figure 16), the piston assembly 1610 of piston another part, (for example by press-fit or install with fastening piece and) be assembled to piston assembly 1610 individual components, there is other suitable set-up modes or its combination in any arbitrarily.FDB 1612 can help piston assembly 1610 placed in the middle around axis 1650, and axis 1650 represents the center of the cylinder barrel of cylinder 1620.
Figure 17 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 1710 and cylinder 1720 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FDB 1712 runs through cylinder 1720.Cylinder 1720 comprises the inner passage 1714 that can receive bearing fluid 1716.Bearing element 1718 is parts that cylinder 1720 comprises hole or earial drainage face, and fluid can be from flowing into the FDB 1712 the suitable gap between piston assembly 1710 and cylinder 1720 here.Bearing element 1718 can be cylinder 1720 integrated component (as shown in figure 17), be assembled to cylinder 1720 individual components (being for example plug-in unit or cylinder liner), there is arbitrarily other suitable set-up modes or its combination in any.FDB 1712 can help piston assembly 1710 placed in the middle around axis 1750, and axis 1750 represents the center of the cylinder barrel of cylinder 1720.In certain embodiments, cylinder can comprise one or more bearing elements that bearing fluid can be provided to the FDB of one or more correspondences.For example, in certain embodiments, the cylinder barrel of cylinder can comprise multiple bearing elements, thus each there is independent and controlled fluid source can be to the multiple positions fed bearings fluid in the cylinder barrel of cylinder.
In certain embodiments, blow-by gas can directedly flow to reduce or to stop near the gap portion of blow-by gas bearing element.For example, blow-by gas can directedly flow through cylinder, piston assembly or above-mentioned both so that flowing of blow-by gas can not change bearing fluid flowing in gap substantially.For example the flowing of blow-by gas that for example flows through other of bearing gas and some change of causing can adversely affect the ability that bearing fluid stops piston-cylinder contact.The guiding of blow-by gas for example can allow the discharge pressure of bearing fluid relatively for example, far below fluid feed pressure (allowing bearing fluid to have larger pressure drop), and required flow characteristic and bearing characteristics can be provided like this.
Figure 18 shows the sectional view of the exemplary device 1800 of piston assembly 1810 and cylinder 1820 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein have bearing element 1812 and 1813 and comprise the translation part 1814 of fluid passage 1875.Piston area 1802 can contact device 1800 gas spring (for example gas-powered section), and the burning zone that piston area 1804 can contact device 1800.Device 1800 can comprise stator 1815, and it can interact with electromagnetic mode with translation part 1814.
In illustrated embodiment, bearing fluid 1874 is provided to pipeline 1870, and pipeline 1872 is connected to pipeline 1870 via Sealing 1871.As shown in figure 18, Sealing 1871 can allow the piston assembly 1810 that comprises pipeline 1872 to remain on the pressure sealing between pipeline 1870 and 1872 around axis 1850 translations simultaneously.The inside of pipeline 1872 is coupled to the fluid passage 1875 that is positioned at translation part 1814, and bearing fluid 1874 can be from flow channel 1816 here.Passage 1816 is to bearing element 1812 and 1813 fed bearings fluids 1874, and bearing fluid 1874 is from flowing into the FDB the gap between piston assembly 1810 and cylinder 1820 here.(not shown) in certain embodiments, pipeline 1870, pipeline 1872 or above-mentioned both can be flexible to allow relative movement.For example, (not shown) in certain embodiments, pipeline 1870 can be the flexible hose that is connected directly to (for example and correspondingly needn't comprise pipeline 1872) translation part 1814 via suitable hose coupling.
Figure 19 shows the sectional view of the exemplary device 1900 of piston assembly 1910 and cylinder 1920 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein have bearing element 1912 and 1913 and valve 1970.Piston area 1902 can contact device 1900 gas spring (for example gas-powered section), and the burning zone that piston area 1904 can contact device 1900.Device 1900 can comprise stator 1915, and it can interact with electromagnetic mode with translation part 1914.
In illustrated embodiment, at least a portion fluid in gas spring 1976 is supplied to passage 1916 using as bearing fluid via being arranged in the valve 1970 (for example, by shown in arrow 1974) of piston area 1902.Valve 1970 can comprise the multi-way reversing device that fluid flow control is provided in one or more directions that aggressive valve or passive valve or other are suitable.For example, valve 1970 can comprise leaf valve, ball valve, needle-valve, ball check valve, non-return membrane valve, in pipeline, provide the quiescent flow restricting means of different resistances, other suitable valves, electronic controller or other active location system, other suitable devices or its combination in any arbitrarily arbitrarily to different flow directions.Passage 1916 is to bearing element 1912 and 1913 fed bearings fluids 1974, and bearing fluid 1974 is from flowing into the FDB the gap between piston assembly 1910 and cylinder 1920 here.In certain embodiments, valve 1970 can be safety check.Therefore, along with piston assembly 1910 is along axis 1950 translations, and along with fluid for example, is supplied to gas spring 1976 and/or discharges from gas spring 1976 via port one 990 (wherein can comprise one or more valves), pressure in gas spring 1976 can reach cracking pressure, and then fluid can pass through valve 1970 flow channels 1916.The cracking pressure of valve 1970 can be the value of any appropriate, and can be initiatively adjustable in certain embodiments.In certain embodiments, valve 1970 can be initiatively controlled, and can control by other Flow Limit products of controlling in orifice plate or valve 1970 along the flow of either direction.
In certain embodiments, bearing element can be the integrated component of piston.For example, piston can have the passage of the machining that bearing fluid is provided to gap and the set in hole.In some such embodiment, piston can but and be not necessarily a part for piston assembly.Bearing element can comprise graphite component, has the metallic member of machining feature, sintered metal elements, porous ceramic element, non-porous ceramic component, other suitable suitable materials form arbitrarily element or its combination in any.
[temperature treatment of cylinder and/or piston]
In certain embodiments, can control or otherwise manage piston (or its assembly), cylinder or the two temperature.The temperature treatment of piston (or its assembly) and/or cylinder can contribute to the thermal distortion of the one or more parts by managing reciprocating engine to keep or otherwise manage gap.
In certain embodiments, one or more heating pipe can be used to affect the heat transfer of piston assembly.Heating pipe can comprise and is configured to help fluid line from the parts of reciprocating engine to the parts of reciprocating engine that for example conduct heat and conduct heat from.The piston area of piston assembly can experience the temperature causing due to burning and raise.The use of heating pipe can contribute to from any other suitable parts of piston area, piston assembly or arbitrarily other suitable parts outwards conduct heat to reduce the operating temperature of parts.For example, heating pipe can be from cylinder barrel surface from piston area to for example bearing element, gap, cylinder of heat container, conduct heat by the piston rod of coolant cools, arbitrarily other suitable heat containers or its combination in any.
Heating pipe can comprise fluid line, wherein can fill suitable fluid for example water, ethanol, ammoniacal liquor, sodium or other suitable fluid or mixtures arbitrarily.The latent heat being associated with the phase transformation of fluid is conventionally much larger than the Energy Transfer of surveying causing because of the temperature difference.In addition, the phase transformation of fluid can substantially constant or otherwise at limited temperature (this temperature can depend on any impurity of pressure and existence) carry out, can contribute to like this to reduce relatively large temperature gradient in reciprocating engine.Heating pipe can be set in piston assembly the parts with the piston area thermo-contact of piston assembly.In certain embodiments, the linear motion with the piston assembly of heating pipe can contribute to transmitting fluid in heating pipe, contributes to thus the heat transfer of the relatively low part of temperature from piston area to reciprocating engine.
It should be understood that at the term of using between parts " thermo-contact " and refer to the ability of effectively conducting heat between parts.For example, heating pipe can be set to contact with piston area, and can transmit the heat from piston area, and therefore can with piston area " directly " thermo-contact.In another example, heating pipe can contact with piston framework, and piston framework can contact with piston area, and heating pipe can transmit the heat from piston framework, piston framework can transmit the heat from piston area, and therefore heating pipe can with piston area " indirectly " thermo-contact.
Figure 20 shows the exemplary piston assembly 2010 of reciprocating engine 2000 and the sectional view of cylinder 2020 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, and wherein heating pipe 2080 is included as a part for piston assembly.Heating pipe 2080 can be pipeline or other fluid line, and wherein can comprise can be at the fluid 2082 of reciprocating engine 2000 run duration experience gas-liquid phase conversions.Can carry out (by shown in the arrow 2024) heat transfer from burning zone 2030 to piston area 2002 at motor run duration.(by shown in arrow 2024) heat transfer of a part 2084 from piston area 2020 to heating pipe 2080 can be further carried out, the temperature of piston area 2020 can be contributed to like this to reduce, keep or reduce and keep.Heat transfer in can carrying out from the part 2084 of heating pipe 2080 to the heating pipe 2080 of another part 2086 of heating pipe 2080.Described part 2086 can spread out of heat to the end away from burning zone 2030 and relatively close described part 2086 of for example cylinder 2020 of the part away from piston area 2002 of piston assembly 2010.For example, heating pipe 2080 can contribute to from burning zone 2030 radially outwardly to bearing surface, gap and with backward cylinder transmission heat 2024, can for example further transmission via the freezing mixture in coolant channel at cylinder place heat.In another example, heating pipe 2080 can contribute to the gas-powered section 2040 from burning zone 2024 to cylinder 2020 to conduct heat.
Figure 21 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 2100 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein heating pipe 2180 is formed by inner space.Piston assembly 2100 can comprise unshowned other suitable parts or its combination in any arbitrarily in piston 2102, element 2110, framework 2150, fastening piece 2190, Figure 21.Piston assembly 2100 can be configured in the cylinder barrel of the cylinder that is assemblied in reciprocating engine, and can be configured to substantially along near the axis translation on cylinder barrel center line or cylinder barrel center line.Element 2110 can comprise (although and not shown) bearing element (for example having bearing passage), piston ring, framework, other suitable parts, other suitable features or its combination in any arbitrarily arbitrarily.Fluid in heating pipe 2180 can utilize port 2182 fill, discharge or otherwise regulate, and port 2182 can comprise valve (for example safety check or stop valve), connector or miscellaneous part.In certain embodiments, the heating pipe 2180 that has a port 2182 can fill, discharge at reciprocating engine run duration or otherwise regulate.In certain embodiments, there is the heating pipe 2180 of port 2182 without filling, discharge at reciprocating engine run duration or otherwise regulating, and can correspondingly in the time of reciprocating engine off-duty, regulate.
In certain embodiments, near diameter piston assembly periphery, can comprise that many heating pipes are to help from piston area to gap and cylinder inner wall heat transfer.In illustrated example, two heating pipes of the six roots of sensation to ten can axial orientation, be arranged near diameter piston assembly periphery, but also can be with the heating pipe of so annular set-up mode use any suitable number.In certain embodiments, in piston assembly, can comprise that circular heating tube is to contribute to gap heat transfer.For example, the annular space in piston assembly can be marked with suitable fluid and sealed at run duration.
Figure 22 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 2200 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described reciprocating engine comprises piston assembly 2210 and has coolant channel 2222 and 2238 and the cylinder 2220 of heating pipe 2224.In certain embodiments, reciprocating engine 2200 can comprise that coolant channel 2222 controls or the temperature of one or more parts of limited piston formula motor 2200 otherwise contributing to.Temperature control also can be used to size and/or the shape of (for example coming by controlling thermal distortion) control cylinder cylinder barrel, can improve like this or otherwise regulate characteristic and/or the bearing performance of blow-by gas.As Figure 22 exemplary illustrate, cylinder 2220 can comprise by the inner passage of one or more port feedings, like this can be respectively as arrow 2230 and 2234 and arrow 2232 and 2236 as shown in supply with and return cooling fluid.As shown in the figure, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 comprise annular space, but can use the set-up mode of any appropriate according to the disclosure.In certain embodiments, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, water, alcohol, air of freezing mixture, arbitrarily other suitable fluids or its combination in any (ethylene glycol of for example dilute with water) can offer coolant channel 2222 and 2238.(not shown) in certain embodiments, reciprocating engine 2200 can comprise coolant subsystem, wherein can comprise pump, radiator, duct thermostat, pressure regulator, fluid regulation and control pipeline, other suitable parts or its combination in any arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 can and correspondingly can be used as single pipeline set in the interior interconnection of cylinder 2220 and control.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 needn't and can be controlled separately in the interior interconnection of cylinder 2220.For example, in certain embodiments, coolant channel 2222 and coolant channel 2238 can contribute to the zones of different of the cooling cylinder 2220 of selectivity, and therefore each region can be cooling separately.In exemplary example, control system can judge that in the time that piston is in burning zone 2270 whether the gap between piston assembly 2210 and cylinder 2220 is excessive.Therefore, offer compared with coolant channel 2238 closer to the flow velocity of the freezing mixture of the coolant channel 2222 of TDC can increase with cooling cylinder also (by thermal shrinkage) reduce cylinder barrel, thereby therefore reduce gap.According to the disclosure, the independent coolant channel of any suitable number all can be used to provide selectivity cooling, is set to the structure of any appropriate.In certain embodiments, cylinder 2220 can comprise that one or more heating pipe 2224 controls or the temperature of one or more parts of limited piston formula motor 2200 otherwise helping.In cylinder 2220, can comprise one or more heating pipe 2224 arranging with the set-up mode of any appropriate, and in heating pipe, can comprise the heating pipe fluid of any appropriate.For example, one or more heating pipe 2224 can comprise and is axially disposed within the many piece heating pipes of the center taking the cylinder barrel of cylinder 2220 on the diameter in the center of circle.In another example, one or more heating pipe 2224 can comprise the annular space in cylinder 2220.Heating pipe 2226 can be used to supply with, discharge or otherwise control the fluid in one or more heating pipe 2224 in certain embodiments.For example, heating pipe 2226 can comprise valve, regulator, orifice plate, arbitrarily other suitable features or device or its combination in any character with the fluid of controlling one or more heating pipe 2224 or wherein comprise.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2222 and/or coolant channel 2238 can directly contact one or more heating pipe 2224 of (not shown), and the heat transmission that comes from one or more heating pipe 2224 of relative enhancing can be provided.Although used coolant channel 2222 and 2238 and one or more heating pipe 2224 in Figure 22, (Figure 22 is also unshowned) some embodiment can comprise one of coolant channel and one or more heating pipe and correspondingly without both comprising.By coolant channel 2222 with 2238 and one or more heating pipe 2224 use together some device in the heat transfer of comparing relative enhancing with independent use one can be provided.For example, heat can transfer to one or more heating pipe 2224 via gap from the cylinder barrel of cylinder 2220, and one or more heating pipe 2224 can transfer at least a portion in these heats the freezing mixture (for example conduct heat and can comprise the conduction through a part of cylinder 2220) in coolant channel 2222 and/or coolant channel 2238.
In certain embodiments, the fluid that offers any port 2250 all can be used to cooling piston assembly 2210 or wherein each part.For example, can be transported to the piston rod of piston assembly 2210 from the heat of the piston area of piston assembly 2210, and be sent to the piston rod that the fluid of any port 2250 can convection current ground cooling piston assembly 2210.
In certain embodiments, FDB can help in cooling piston assembly, cylinder, parts wherein, reciprocating engine other suitable parts or its combination in any arbitrarily.Bearing fluid can be provided for bearing element, and bearing element can directly guide to gap suitable in piston-cylinder assembly by bearing fluid.Bearing fluid can contribute to the piston-cylinder assembly of cooling at least a portion in the time that it flows through gap.In certain embodiments, bearing fluid can flow out through gap from burning zone substantially, and correspondingly can take away heat from burning zone, reduces thus the temperature of one or more parts of reciprocating engine.In certain embodiments, bearing fluid can improve the effective rate of heat transfer between piston area and another part of piston assembly and/or cylinder through the convection current in the gap of reciprocating engine.In certain embodiments, have in the piston assembly of bearing element and can comprise one or more heating pipe.One or more heating pipe can contribute to almost constant temperature of a retainer shaft fixed bearing element or bearing element part wherein, can contribute to like this thermal expansion and associated change in control gap.In certain embodiments, the use of one or more heating pipe, coolant channel, bearing element, arbitrarily other suitable parts or its combination in any can contribute to the thermal distortion of the one or more parts by management reciprocating engine to keep or otherwise manage gap.
[cylinder liner]
In certain embodiments, can control or otherwise manage the gap between free-piston and cylinder.In certain embodiments, the cylinder barrel that deformable cylinder liner can be used to move therein by regulating piston assembly regulates gap.In certain embodiments, cylinder liner fluid can be used to exert pressure to deformable cylinder liner, the pressure reduction of cylinder liner between can each face based on cylinder liner and being out of shape.Cylinder liner fluid can comprise the combination of water for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, machine oil, hydraulic fluid, fuel (for example diesel fuel), arbitrarily other suitable fluids or its any appropriate.
Figure 23 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 2310 and cylinder 2320 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein cylinder has deformable cylinder liner 2330.The internal surface of deformable cylinder liner 2330 can limit cylinder barrel, and piston assembly 2310 or a part wherein can be along axis 2350 translations that are positioned at cylinder barrel center in cylinder barrel.Passage 2322 can form between cylinder 2320 and deformable cylinder liner 2330, and cylinder liner fluid can be sent into passage 2322 and/or return from passage 2322 via port 2324.The cylinder liner fluid that control is suitable pressure applies metamorphosis power to allow correspondingly to regulate cylinder barrel to deformable cylinder liner 2330.Gap 2360 between cylinder barrel and piston assembly 2310 can correspondingly regulate by applying cylinder liner fluid with suitable pressure.The pressure that (for example by via one or more ports 2324 to passage 2322 supply cylinders covers fluids) increases cylinder liner fluid can dwindle cylinder barrel and gap 2360, and (for example, by discharging cylinder liner fluid via one or more ports 2324 from passage 2322) reduces the pressure of cylinder liner fluid and can increase cylinder barrel and gap 2360.
Figure 24 shows exemplary piston assembly 2310 and the sectional view of cylinder 2320, the wherein deformable cylinder liner 2330 experience distortion in Figure 23 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.The pressure of cylinder liner fluid is larger compared with in the passage 2322 shown in Figure 23 in passage 2322 as shown in figure 24, and is relatively less than gap 2360 because of this gap 2460.
Figure 25 shows the sectional view of exemplary piston assembly 2510 and cylinder 2520 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein cylinder has the deformable cylinder liner 2530 of segmentation.The internal surface of deformable cylinder liner 2530 can limit cylinder barrel, and piston assembly 2510 or a part wherein can be along axis 2550 translations that are positioned at cylinder barrel center in cylinder barrel.Passage 2522 and 2523 can form between cylinder 2520 and deformable cylinder liner 2530, and can separate by Sealing 2532.Cylinder liner fluid can be respectively supplied to passage 2522 and 2523 and/or return from passage 2522 and 2523 via port 2524 and port 2525, port 2524 and port 2525 can but and be not necessarily isolated from each other.Control and can apply metamorphosis power to allow correspondingly to regulate the cylinder barrel (namely in cylinder barrel part) corresponding with passage 2522 or 2523 of each section to deformable cylinder liner 2530 for the cylinder liner fluid of convenient pressure.In certain embodiments, because the distortion of deformable cylinder liner 2530 can depend on the pressure reduction between cylinder liner fluid and cylinder barrel, therefore the pressure of cylinder liner fluid at least in part the pressure in the suitable section based on cylinder control.Gap 2560 between cylinder barrel and piston assembly 2510 can correspondingly regulate by applying cylinder liner fluid with suitable pressure.Because the gap corresponding to each passage 2522 and 2523 can regulate independently, so can in axial direction (namely paralleling to the axis 2550), gap changes.For example, in certain embodiments, along with piston 2512 is advanced through one section of deformable cylinder liner 2530, the i.e. adjustable gap that is positioned at this section.The pressure (for example, by overlapping fluids via one or more corresponding ports 2524 and/or 2525 to passage 2522 and/or 2523 supply cylinders) that increases cylinder liner fluid can dwindle cylinder barrel and the gap 2560 of one or more positions, and the pressure of reduction cylinder liner fluid (for example, by discharging cylinder liner fluids via one or more corresponding ports 2524 and/or 2525 from passage 2522 and/or 2523) can increase cylinder barrel and the gap 2560 of one or more positions.
Figure 26 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 2600 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein reciprocating engine has deformable cylinder liner 2630.Passage 2622 can form between cylinder 2620 and deformable cylinder liner 2630, and cylinder liner fluid can be sent into passage 2622 and/or return from passage 2622 via port 2624.The cylinder liner fluid that control is suitable pressure applies metamorphosis power to allow correspondingly to regulate cylinder barrel to deformable cylinder liner 2630.In illustrated embodiment, the outside that (fuel and/or air for example can be provided or receive exhaust) port 2626 can be arranged in deformable cylinder liner 2630 is to eliminate port to deformable cylinder liner 2630 or the demand of other openings.Can realize the adjusting to the gap between piston assembly 2610 and deformable cylinder liner 2630 by the pressure that regulates the cylinder liner fluid in passage 2622.
In certain embodiments, flowing of cylinder liner fluid can be used to provide cooling for deformable cylinder liner.For example, cylinder liner fluid pressure controlled and flow rates controlled can be used to provide the transmission of for example, heat near deformable cylinder liner (burning zone) to the heat loss through convection of cylinder liner fluid.By use cylinder liner fluid cooling can in conjunction with or replace by cooling application of use coolant channel and/or heating pipe (example as shown in figure 22).
Figure 27 shows the sectional view (perpendicular to cylinder barrel axis) of a part with Local cooling agent passage 2752 and 2754 for exemplary reciprocating engine 2700 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.The cylinder 2720 of reciprocating engine 2700 can comprise one or more plenums 2722 that can be coupled to one or more closures 2724 and one or more closure 2726.In certain embodiments, throttling fluid can flow into through one or more closures 2724 coolant channel 2752 (for example, shown in the exemplary arrow coolant channel 2752) that is provided for cooled region 2732 from one or more plenums 2722.In certain embodiments, throttling fluid can flow into through one or more closures 2726 coolant channel 2754 (for example, shown in the exemplary arrow coolant channel 2754) that is provided for cooled region 2734 from one or more plenums 2722.One or more closures 2724 and 2726 all can comprise the restriction orifice of restriction orifice, the capable of regulating flow quantity of firm discharge, controlled throttle valve, other suitable fluid throttling feature or its combination in any arbitrarily.One or more closures 2724 and 2726 can impel the pressure that reduces throttling fluid, can also cause like this reducing temperature and/or the enthalpy of throttling fluid.The fluid temperature (F.T.) reducing and/or enthalpy can strengthen the heat transfer of the cylinder barrel (for example illustrated cylinder barrel that is provided for holding piston assembly 2710) from cylinder 2720.In certain embodiments, coolant channel 2752 and 2754 can comprise that tubular conduit, manifold or other diversion component are so that flowing of throttling fluid from one or more closures 2724 and 2726 to the local space region of cylinder 2720 to be provided, and subsequently fluid is back to liquid control system (for example wherein can comprise reflux pipeline and container).Reciprocating engine 2700 can comprise the plenum 2722 of any suitable number, plenum 2722 can but and nonessential interconnection.For example, plenum 2722 can comprise multiple plenums, and each independent controlled local space region of thinking cylinder 2720 provides selectable cooling.In another example, plenum 2722 can comprise single plenum, and it can be coupled to multiple closures and think that the local space region of cylinder 2720 provides selectable cooling.Multiple closures can be independently controlled, or otherwise have cooling with one or more local spaces region of control cylinder 2720 of distinctive current limliting character.In certain embodiments, utilize throttling fluid to carry out cooling cylinder 2720 and can allow the gap between control cylinder temperature and cylinder 220 and piston assembly 2710.In certain embodiments, the direct or indirect measurement of cylinder geometrical property (for example size, shape or above-mentioned both) can be by control system for controlling realize by Local cooling agent passage 2752 and 2754 cooling.For example, can expect near burning zone 2730, near TDC, have higher operating temperature, and can provide the cooling with limit temperature territory of enhancing to region 2732.In another example, in some cases, can provide weaken cooling to increase corresponding cylinder barrel and relevant gap to region 2732.Strengthen or weaken cooling can providing by the flow velocity, arbitrarily other suitable adjustings or its combination in any that strengthen or weaken the throttling action of closure, the temperature that regulates throttling fluid, adjusting throttling fluid.Throttling fluid can comprise the coolant fluid of any appropriate, and coolant fluid can be liquid or gas.For example, throttling fluid can comprise ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, water, alcohol, air, other suitable fluids or its combination in any (ethylene glycol of for example dilute with water) arbitrarily.Cylinder 2720 can comprise for the suitable section accommodating fluid to reciprocating engine 2700 or discharge the port 2770 of any appropriate of fluid (for example air, fuel, waste gas or its combination) from the suitable section of reciprocating engine 2700.
Figure 28 shows the sectional view (being parallel to cylinder barrel axis) of a part with Local cooling agent passage 2826 for exemplary reciprocating engine 2800 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.Reciprocating engine 2800 can comprise the cylinder 2820 with plenum 2822.Cylinder 2820 can comprise the cylinder barrel that is configured to hold piston assembly 2810, piston assembly 2810 be configured to along be basically parallel to vector 2850 and 2860 vector product direction substantially linear move.Although be illustrated as annular plenum in Figure 28, plenum 2822 can comprise the pipe shape of any appropriate, is provided for providing the flow path of any appropriate.Freezing mixture can flow through closure 2824, flows into Local cooling agent passage 2826 with area of space corresponding in cooling cylinder 2820.In illustrated embodiment, freezing mixture from closure 2824 radially inwardly flow (as shown in four Figure 28 radially inward-pointing arrows) and subsequently along the direction being provided by the vector product of vector 2850 and vector 2860 (perpendicular to the plane of Figure 28 2850 × 2860) flow.Freezing mixture return to flow path in Figure 28 and not shown, and can comprise radially, axially or the two flow path.In certain embodiments, closure 2824 can generate fluid jet in local fluid passage 2826, and it can impact on the area of space in cylinder 2820, causes the heat transfer by convection relatively strengthening in this region.There are four symmetrical Local cooling agent passages 2826 although be illustrated as in Figure 28, reciprocating engine 2800 can comprise any suitable number, be arranged on the axial positions of any appropriate and be coupled to the plenum of any suitable number or the Local cooling agent passage in other freezing mixtures source with the symmetry of any appropriate or non-symmetry structure.
Figure 29 shows the sectional view of a part with local heat source for exemplary reciprocating engine 2900 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, described local heat source comprises electric heater 2922,2923,2924,2925,2926 and 2927.Each electric heater 2922,2923,2924,2925,2926 and 2927 can comprise one or more electrical lead that is offered voltage, electric current, electric power or its combination of heater by suitable control system for controlling.For example, electric heater 2922 and 2923 can be used to provide heating (for example, for increasing the gap between cylinder 2920 and piston assembly 2910) near the region 2932 burning zone 2930 alone or in combination.In another example, electric heater 2924,2925,2926 and 2927 can be used to heat corresponding region 2934 and 2936.For example electric heater of local heat source can be used to the heat control relatively fast of one or more area of space that cylinder is provided.In certain embodiments, the direct or indirect measurement of cylinder geometrical property (for example size, shape or above-mentioned both) can be used for controlling local heat source by control system.For example, each electric heater 2922,2923,2924,2925,2926 and 2927 can by control system in response to the temperature detecting, pressure, gap, blow-by gas character, merit interact, other suitable indexs or its combination in any are controlled separately arbitrarily.Cylinder 2920 can comprise for the suitable section accommodating fluid to reciprocating engine 2900 or discharge the port 2970 of any appropriate of fluid (for example air, fuel, waste gas or its combination) from the suitable section of reciprocating engine 2900.
Figure 30 shows the sectional view of a part for exemplary reciprocating engine 3000 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, comprising being used to heating, cooling or above-mentioned fluid passage 3022 and 3024 double-duty.In certain embodiments, add hot fluid, cooling fluid or above-mentioned both can be supplied to fluid passage 3022 and 3024, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can but be not must interconnection.For example, fluid can be supplied to fluid passage 3022 and 3024 and discharge (for example, for having the annular fluid passage of supplying with and returning to port) from fluid passage 3022 and 3024 as shown in four of a Figure 30 arrow.In certain embodiments, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can be local heat source.For example, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can independently controlledly think that corresponding region 3032 and 3034 provides heating.The pipeline that fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can act on heating fluid by use provides heating, adds hot fluid and can comprise the fluid (for example coming from the high-temperature combustion product of burning zone) of the freezing mixture that had for example previously been heated, discharge, other suitable hot fluid or its combination in any of adding arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, fluid passage 3022 and 3024 can be used to the area of space of heating and cooling cylinder 3020.For example, add hot fluid and can offer fluid passage 3022 to improve the temperature (for example, for increasing cylinder barrel diameter and gap) in region 3032, and cooling fluid can offer fluid passage 3024 to reduce the temperature (for example, for reducing cylinder barrel diameter and gap) in region 3034.In another example, adding hot fluid or freezing mixture can offer fluid passage 3022 according to the result of determination of control system.Cylinder 3020 can comprise for the suitable section accommodating fluid to reciprocating engine 3000 or discharge the port 3070 of any appropriate of fluid (for example air, fuel, waste gas or its combination) from the suitable section of reciprocating engine 3000.
In certain embodiments, cylinder can be configured to experience change corresponding thermal distortion with the controlled temperature of the cylinder of for example introducing or its under the background of Figure 22 and Figure 27-30.Controlled temperature or its change can be corresponding to the local space regions of cylinder.Freezing mixture, add hot fluid, throttling fluid, electric resistance heater, other suitable such as gaps of one or more character that can allow control system control piston formula motor for controlling the parts of temperature or the use of feature or its combination in any arbitrarily.
[combination of the whole bag of tricks]
In certain embodiments, two or more in said method can be combined.From feature placed in the middle, FDB, heating pipe, coolant channel, deformable cylinder liner and other suitable parts or feature can suitably combine to realize reciprocating engine according to the present disclosure arbitrarily.
For example, Figure 31 shows the perspective view of a part with Sealing 3104, FDB element 3108 and feature 3106 certainly placed in the middle for exemplary piston assembly 3100 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.Piston assembly 3100 can comprise piston area 3102, Sealing 3104, from feature 3106 placed in the middle, FDB element 3108, other suitable parts (not shown) or its combination in any arbitrarily.(as shown in the figure) in certain embodiments can be a part for Sealing 3104 from feature 3106 placed in the middle.For example, Sealing 3104 can comprise from feature 3106 placed in the middle, and it can be other the suitable features in step or the bearing element of machining.(not shown) in certain embodiments can be a part for piston area 3102 from feature 3106 placed in the middle.For example, can be other included features in step, one or more slot type recess, convergent portion or piston assembly 3100 from feature 3106 placed in the middle.The gas of supplying from the fluid source of any appropriate can distribute via internal fluid channels (not shown) piston assembly 3100, and can flow through subsequently the part of any appropriate in FDB element 3108 (be shown porous in Figure 31, but can use the bearing element of any appropriate).
In another example, Figure 32 shows the sectional view of exemplary reciprocating engine 3200 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure, piston assembly 3210 wherein has bearing element 3214, heating pipe 3250 and from feature 3212 placed in the middle, and cylinder 3230 wherein has deformable cylinder liner 3232 and coolant channel 3236.Piston assembly 3210 can be configured to translation in the cylinder barrel being formed by the deformable cylinder liner 3232 with gap 3260.The control applying is that the cylinder liner fluid of suitable pressure can offer passage 3234 to regulate gap 3260 via port 3233.Bearing fluid can offer passage 3218 and flows out and flow into gap 3260 to contribute to making piston assembly 3210 placed in the middle in cylinder barrel from bearing element 3214.Can contribute to make piston assembly 3210 placed in the middle in cylinder barrel from feature 3212 placed in the middle.Suitable freezing mixture can offer coolant channel 3236 in cylinder 3230 to take away heat from cylinder 3230 or wherein each part.The heating pipe 3250 with filling port 3282 can contribute to the heat transmission of another part heat radiation from piston area 3202 to piston assembly 3210.Port 3270 can be used to supply oxygenant and/or fuel, supply and/or discharge propellant or discharge and come from cylinder the waste gas of a certain section.In certain embodiments, the combination of one or more methods may need the factor of considering that one or more are additional.For example, in certain embodiments, piston assembly can comprise be provided for utilizing blow-by gas provide from active force placed in the middle from feature placed in the middle and be provided for providing to gap the bearing element of bearing fluid.From feature placed in the middle may therefore need a part of blow-by gas along Clearance Flow to provide from active force placed in the middle.Under certain conditions, blow-by gas flowing in gap may have influence on by changing the flow pattern of bearing fluid in gap the performance of bearing element.Therefore, having in some embodiment of bearing element from feature rear (with respect to burning zone) placed in the middle, blow-by gas can be cross near the gap portion still entering bearing element after near gap portion feature placed in the middle before the directed gap of leaving.In addition,, in some set-up mode, bearing element can comprise from feature and the set for hole pilot bearing fluid, that may extend to piston area between two parties.Therefore,, in some such embodiment, do not need to adopt guiding blow-by gas to leave the means in gap.Previous example can be applied to alternatively and be additional to burning zone or the gas-powered section except burning zone.
[controls of gap and/or other character]
In certain embodiments, thus the one or more aspects in the operation of reciprocating engine can be controlled or be otherwise managed and affected the temperature of reciprocating engine, gap, other suitable character or its combination in any arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, the temperature of control piston formula motor, pressure or other suitable character can contribute to manage the gap in reciprocating engine.For example, the relatively large temperature difference can cause reciprocating engine some parts variation as expand, can affect like this gap.Control the temperature difference and/or temperature field and can contribute to Reducing distortion, and correspondingly can contribute to manage gap.Management gap can comprise that management can have influence on any other suitable character in gap.
Figure 33 is the Block Diagram for the exemplary control gear 3300 of reciprocating engine 3340 according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.Control system 3310 can be communicated by letter with the one or more sensors 3330 that are coupled to reciprocating engine 3340.Control system 3310 can be arranged for auxiliary system 3320 and communicate by letter, and auxiliary system 3320 can be for the All aspects of of regulating piston formula motor 3340 or various character.In certain embodiments, control system 3310 can be arranged for by user interface system 3350 and user interaction.
Control system 3310 can comprise processing equipment 3312, communication interface 3314, sensor interface 3316, control interface 3318, other suitable parts or module or its combination in any arbitrarily.Control system 3310 can be at least in part realizes in one or more computers, terminal, operating console, portable equipment, module, arbitrarily other suitable interface equipments or its combination in any.In certain embodiments, as shown in figure 33, the parts of control system 3310 can communicate coupling by communication bus 3311.Processing equipment 3312 can comprise processor (for example central processing unit), high-speed cache, random access storage device (RAM), ROM (read-only memory) (ROM), can process any other suitable parts or its combination in any of the relevant information of the reciprocating engine 3340 receiving from sensor 3330 by sensor interface 3316.Sensor interface 3316 can comprise for to sensor 3330 power supply of powering, modulating apparatus, signal preprocessor, other suitable parts or its combination in any arbitrarily.For example, sensor interface 3316 can comprise the wave filter, amplifier, sampler and the analog-digital converter that come from the signal of sensor 3330 with pretreatment for modulating.Sensor interface 3316 can be communicated by letter with sensor 3330 by communicative couplings 3319, and communicative couplings 3319 can be wired connection (for example using Ethernet or the USB of IEEE802.3), wireless coupling (for example using IEEE802.11 " Wi-Fi " or bluetooth), optical coupled, induction coupling, other suitable coupled modes or its combination in any arbitrarily.Control system 3310 and more specifically say that processing equipment 3312 can be provided in relevant time scale as reciprocating engine 3340 provides control.For example, the variation of one or more temperature can be in response to one or more engine operating parameter that detect but is controlled, and controls (for example response is enough soon to avoid overheated and/or unit failure) can be provided in the time scale relevant to the operation of reciprocating engine.
Sensor 3330 can comprise the sensor of any type, and it can be arranged for character or the aspect of any appropriate of measuring reciprocating engine 3340.In certain embodiments, sensor can comprise be arranged for measure auxiliary system 3320 in a certain respect and/or one or more sensors of the property of system.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can comprise temperature transducer (for example thermocouple, resistive temperature detection device, thermistor or optic temperature sensor), be arranged for the parts of measuring reciprocating engine 3340 temperature, introduce reciprocating engine 3340 or the fluid that reclaims from reciprocating engine 3340 temperature or above-mentioned both.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can comprise one or more pressure transducers (for example piezoelectricity type pressure transmitter), be arranged for the pressure for example measured, in a certain section (burning zone or gas-powered section) of reciprocating engine 3340, introduce reciprocating engine 3340 or the pressure of the fluid that reclaims from reciprocating engine 3340 or above-mentioned both.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can comprise one or more power sensors (for example piezoelectric forces transmitter), is arranged for active force for example tension force, pressure or the shearing force (for example can indicate the information of frictional force or other dependent interaction power) measured in reciprocating engine 3340.In certain embodiments, sensor 3330 can comprise one or more electric currents and/or voltage transducer (being for example coupled to ammeter and/or the voltmeter of the LEM of reciprocating engine 3340), is arranged for any other suitable electrical propertieies or its combination in any of measuring voltage, electric current, output work and/or input work (for example electric current is multiplied by voltage), reciprocating engine 3340 and/or auxiliary system 3320.
Control interface 3318 can comprise wired connection (for example using Ethernet or the USB of IEEE 802.3), wireless coupling (for example using IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi ", bluetooth or other RF communication protocol), optical coupled, induction coupling, other suitable coupled modes or its combination in any arbitrarily, for communicating by letter with one or more auxiliary systems 3320.In certain embodiments, control interface 3318 can comprise that digital to analog converter thinks that any or whole auxiliary system 3320 provides analog control signal.
Auxiliary system 3320 can comprise cooling system 3322, control pressurer system 3324, gas-powered control system 3326 and/or other suitable control system 3328 arbitrarily.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can comprise pump, fluid container, pressure regulator, shunting device, radiator, fluid line, power circuit (for example, for electric heater), arbitrarily other suitable parts or its combination in any think reciprocating engine 3340 provide cooling, heating or above-mentioned both.Control pressurer system 3324 can comprise that pump, compressor, fluid container, pressure regulator, fluid line, arbitrarily other suitable parts or its combination in any think that reciprocating engine 3340 provides (and receiving alternatively) pressure controlled fluid.Gas-powered control system 3326 can comprise that compressor, gas container, pressure regulator, fluid line, arbitrarily other suitable parts or its combination in any think that reciprocating engine 3340 provides (and receiving alternatively) propellant.In certain embodiments, other system 3328 can comprise that for example cam-operated system or the solenoid system of system that valve is housed think that reciprocating engine 3340 provides oxygenant and/or fuel.
User interface 3315 can comprise wired connection (for example using the RCA type of the Ethernet of IEEE 802.3 or USB, the sealing of choma formula to connect), wireless coupling (for example using IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi ", infrared or bluetooth), optical coupled, induction coupling, other suitable coupled modes or its combination in any arbitrarily, for communicating by letter with one or more user interface systems 3350.User interface system 3350 can comprise display device 3352, keyboard 3354, mouse 3356, audio frequency apparatus 3358, other suitable user interface facilities or its combination in any arbitrarily.Display device 3352 can comprise display screen for example CRT display screen, liquid crystal display panel, light emitting diode (LED) display screen, plasma panel, other suitable display screen or its combination in any that figure, word, image or other visual informations can be provided to user arbitrarily.In certain embodiments, display device 3352 can comprise touch screen, and it can provide and user's touch interactive by for example provide one or more software instruction on display screen.Display device 3352 for example can show, about the information of any appropriate of reciprocating engine 3340, control system 3310, auxiliary system 3320, user interface system 3350 (time series of a certain character of reciprocating engine 3340), other suitable information or its combination in any arbitrarily.Keyboard 3354 can comprise qwerty keyboard, digital small keybroad, set or its combination in any of other suitable hardware instruction buttons arbitrarily.Mouse 3356 can comprise cursor that can being controlled at of any appropriate shows on the graphic user interface of screen display or the pointing device of chart.Mouse 3356 can comprise portable equipment (for example can two dimension or dimensionally motion), touch pad, other suitable pointing devices or its combination in any arbitrarily.Audio frequency apparatus 3358 can comprise MIC microphone, microphone, earphone, other are suitable for providing and/or equipment or its combination in any of received audio signal arbitrarily.For example, audio frequency apparatus 3358 can comprise MIC microphone, and processing equipment 3312 can process by user to MIC microphone speak generate, the audio instructions that receives via user interface 3315.
In certain embodiments, control system 3310 can be arranged for by receiving one or more user and input to provide manual control.For example, in certain embodiments, control system 3310 can be controlled setting by sensor-based feedback override automatically, and will be based upon for the control signal of auxiliary system 3320 on the basis of inputting for the one or more user of user interface system 3350.In another example, user can input for example, setting value for one or more controlled variable (temperature, pressure, flow velocity, input work/output work or its dependent variable), and control system 3310 can be carried out control algorithm based on setting value.
In certain embodiments, operating characteristics (the namely set of the desirable properties value of reciprocating engine 3340 or auxiliary system 3320) can be by manufacturer, user or above both predefines.For example, specific operating characteristics can be stored in the storage of processing equipment 3312, and can be accessed so that one or more control signals to be provided.In certain embodiments, can change one or more operating characteristicses by user.Device 3300 can be used to keep, regulate or otherwise manage described operating characteristics.
Figure 34 is the flow chart 3400 for the exemplary steps in the gap of regulating piston formula motor according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.
Step 3402 can comprise utilizes sensor 3330 detector gap indexs.Gap index can be (for example freezing mixture, add hot fluid, cylinder, piston or miscellaneous part or a part wherein) temperature, pressure, active force, distance (for example gap), merit interact (for example electromagnetism merit output), material (for example blow-by gas or its character), other suitable detectability matter or its combination in any arbitrarily.Sensor interface 3316 can receive the state of the gap index that comes from sensor 3330 and/or carry out pretreatment, and to processing equipment 3312 output sensor signals.In certain embodiments, gap index can be stored and is associated with one or more working staties of reciprocating engine.For example, temperature cylinder can be associated with fuel flow rate, and is stored as mathematic(al) representation or table.Therefore, step 3402 can comprise one or more working staties that detect reciprocating engine, and the temperature cylinder value that can be used for further processing of re invocation storage.
Step 3404 can comprise processing equipment 3312 at least in part the gap index based on detecting in step 3402 determine control response.Processing equipment 3312 can and be carried out one or more based on sensor signal and process function from sensor interface 3316 sensor-lodgings.Process that function can be included in input sensor signal value in formula or other mathematic(al) representation, uses sensor signal value in question blank or other database, other suitable processing or its combination arbitrarily.Control response is determined in the output that processing equipment 3312 can be processed function based on one or more.For example, the value calculating can be with predetermined threshold to determine suitable control response.In another example, one or more values that calculate can be transfused to control algorithm (for example proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm), then can determine one or more control signal values.
Step 3406 can comprise that processing equipment 3312 utilizes control interface 3318 to provide control signal to one or more auxiliary systems 3320 according to control response definite in step 3404 at least in part.Control signal can be analogue signal, digital signal or its combination (combination of for example analogue signal and Time series signal), and it can be provided as electrical signal (for example utilizing cable), electromagnetic signal (for example utilizing IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi " or Bluetooth Receiver/transmitter), optical signal (for example utilizing fiber optic cables), induced signal (for example utilizing suitable inductor coil) or other suitable signal types.
Step 3408 can comprise that one or more auxiliary systems 3320 are received in the gap for regulating piston formula motor 3340 that step 3406 obtains or the control signal of other character.One or more auxiliary systems 3320 can the control signal based on providing regulate pressure, temperature, flow velocity, glide path, electric current, voltage, electric power, realization other suitable adjustings or its combination in any arbitrarily.As shown in the dotted arrow in Figure 34, any or whole step 3402-3408 can repeat to allow closed loop control.In certain embodiments, can use open-loop method, wherein step 3402 can (but not essential) be omitted, and open loop ground execution step 3404-3408.
In some set-up mode, the temperature field of the cylinder of reciprocating engine and/or piston assembly or the fluid that wherein comprises can be mainly and the easily index in gap, and temperature field can be correspondingly by active adjustment to regulate gap.In exemplary example, step 3402 can comprise the temperature of for example temperature cylinder of detected temperatures or freezing mixture (for example offering the freezing mixture of the coolant channel of the cylinder of reciprocating engine).Step 3404 can comprise determining how to regulate temperature field to keep or otherwise to manage gap, and step 3406 can comprise to suitable auxiliary system corresponding control signal is provided.For example, temperature cylinder can raise by the flow velocity that reduces freezing mixture, can increase gap by thermal expansion like this.In another example, temperature cylinder can reduce by the flow velocity that increases freezing mixture, can reduce gap by thermal shrinkage like this.In another example, can be adjusted in more than the freezing mixture in one group of fluid passage or add the flow of hot fluid with the temperature field in multiple regions in control cylinder (for example, referring to Figure 22).With reference to previous example, control signal that can be based on step 3406, by the flow that regulates the rotating speed, bypass flow control valve, pressure regulator of for example flow control valve, pump, arbitrarily other suitable control gear for coutroi velocity or its combination in any to regulate freezing mixture or add hot fluid.In another demonstrative example, step 3402 can comprise for example temperature of the heating pipe in the cylinder of reciprocating engine of detected temperatures (temperature of for example heating pipe or heating pipe fluid wherein).Step 3404 can comprise determining how to regulate temperature field to keep or otherwise to manage gap, and step 3406 can comprise to suitable auxiliary system corresponding control signal is provided.For example, heating pipe temperature can raise by the pressure (for example, by adding fluid or reduce the volume of heating pipe in heating pipe) that increases the fluid in heating pipe, can increase like this gap.In another example, heating pipe temperature can reduce by the pressure (for example, by discharge the volume of fluid or increase heating pipe from heating pipe) that reduces heating pipe, can reduce like this gap.With reference to previous example, control signal that can be based on step 3406, for example, by regulating the character of the fluid in flow control valve for example, pressure regulator, safety check, other suitable regulating for controlling control gear and included suitable fluid port or its combination in any of heating pipe of heating pipe pressure arbitrarily (having fluid port or other adjustable feature) heating pipe.
Figure 35 is the flow chart 3500 for the exemplary steps of one or more character of regulating piston formula motor according to some embodiment of the present disclosure.
In certain embodiments, can utilize one or more sensor 3330 detector gap indexs.Sensor interface 3316 can receive primary signal and provide sensor signal to processing equipment 3312 from sensor 3330.For example, step 3502 can comprise the temperature cylinder that utilizes temperature transducer to be for example positioned to contact with a part for cylinder or be positioned near near the thermocouple of (for example, the burning zone) part of cylinder and detect reciprocating engine 3340.In some cases, the rising of temperature cylinder can represent to affect the cooling deficiency in gap.In another example, step 3504 can comprise the piston temperature that utilizes temperature transducer to be for example positioned to contact with a part for piston assembly or be positioned near near the thermocouple of (for example, the piston area) part of piston assembly and detect reciprocating engine 3340.In some cases, the rising of piston temperature can represent to affect the cooling deficiency in gap.In another example, step 3506 can comprise the temperature of utilizing temperature transducer to be for example positioned to contact or be positioned at fluid-phase near the thermocouple of (for example utilizing suitable measurement port to be inserted in fluid line) fluid to detect the fluid (for example can offer reciprocating engine 3340 or the freezing mixture of discharging from reciprocating engine 3340, add hot fluid or waste gas) in reciprocating engine 3340.For example, in some cases, the rising of coolant temperature can represent to affect the cooling deficiency in gap.In another example, step 3507 can comprise utilizing pressure transducer to be for example positioned to contact with freezing mixture or being positioned near the piezo-electric pick-up of (for example utilizing suitable measurement port to be inserted in pipeline) freezing mixture and detects burning zone, gas-powered section, gap, freezing mixture in reciprocating engine 3340, adds hot fluid, arbitrarily other fluid or the pressure of its combination in any.In another example, step 3508 can comprise utilizes power sensor and/or temperature transducer to be for example positioned to and the interface of parts contacts or the piezo-electric pick-up and/or the thermocouple that are positioned near the interface of parts detect the friction between the parts in reciprocating engine 3340.In some cases, the enhancing of friction effect (for example frictional force or fricative heat) can represent gap deficiency.In another example, step 3509 can comprise one or more character that detect the gap in reciprocating engine 3340.One or more described character can comprise the thickness (for example utilizing proximity sensor such as inductive sensor) in gap, the nonsymmetry (for example utilizing multiple proximity sensor such as inductive sensor) in gap, the temperature (for example utilizing temperature transducer) of blow-by gas, the pressure (for example utilizing pressure transducer) of blow-by gas, composition (for example utilizing gas transducer such as optical waveguide Absorbing Sensor) and other suitable character or its combination in any of blow-by gas.In another example, step 3510 can comprise that the merit of utilizing electromagnetic sensor (for example voltmeter, ammeter or wattmeter), pressure transmitter (for example detected pressures is for example indicated MEP, braking MEP and/or friction MEP for calculating mean effective pressure (MEP)) or other suitable sensors to detect reciprocating engine 3340 interacts to provide the instruction in gap.In some cases, merit output reduce or the increase of merit input demand can indicate gap not enough and/or excessive.
Step 3512 can comprise that processing equipment 3312 determines control response according to any or whole gap indexs detecting in step 3502,3504,3506,3508 and 3510 at least in part.Processing equipment 3312 can and be carried out one or more based on sensor signal and process function from sensor interface 3316 sensor-lodgings.Process that function can be included in input sensor signal value in formula or other mathematic(al) representation, uses sensor signal value in question blank or other database, other suitable processing or its combination arbitrarily.Control response is determined in the output that processing equipment 3312 can be processed function based on one or more.For example, the value calculating can be with predetermined threshold to determine suitable control response.In another example, one or more values that calculate can be transfused to control algorithm (for example pid control algorithm), then can determine one or more control signal values.
Step 3514 can comprise that processing equipment 3312 utilizes control interface 3318 to provide control signal to one or more auxiliary systems 3320 according to control response definite in step 3512 at least in part.Control signal can be analogue signal, digital signal or its combination (combination of for example analogue signal and Time series signal), and it can be provided as electrical signal (for example utilizing cable), electromagnetic signal (for example utilizing IEEE 802.11 " Wi-Fi " or Bluetooth Receiver/transmitter), optical signal (for example utilizing fiber optic cables), induced signal (for example utilizing suitable inductor coil) or other suitable signal types.
In certain embodiments, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by one or more auxiliary systems 3320, gap or other character that described auxiliary system 3320 can regulating piston formula motor 3340.For example, as shown in step 3516, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by cooling/heating systems 3322, and cooling/heating systems 3322 can regulate freezing mixture or add the temperature of hot fluid.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can comprise thermostat or other temperature-adjusting device, can be adjusted in the temperature that step 3516 offers the freezing mixture of reciprocating engine 3340 or adds hot fluid according to control signal.In another example, step 3516 can comprise that one or more throttling character of adjusting are to control the cooling/heating systems 3322 of throttling fluid temperature (F.T.).In another example, as shown in step 3518, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by cooling/heating systems 3322, and cooling/heating systems 3322 can regulate freezing mixture or add the flow velocity of hot fluid.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can comprise flow regulator (for example metering valve or orifice plate), can be adjusted in the flow velocity that step 3518 offers the freezing mixture of reciprocating engine 3340 or adds hot fluid according to control signal.In another example, step 3518 can comprise that one or more throttling character of adjusting are to control the cooling/heating systems 3322 of throttling rate of flow of fluid.In another example, as shown in step 3520, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by cooling/heating systems 3322, and cooling/heating systems 3322 can regulate freezing mixture or add the glide path of hot fluid in step 3520.Cooling/heating systems 3322 can comprise one or more valves, closure or other flow control device, can be according to control signal guiding and control offer reciprocating engine 3340 going to and/or from the freezing mixture of one or more fluid passage or add the flow velocity of hot fluid.In another example, as shown in step 3522, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by control pressurer system 3324, and control pressurer system 3324 can regulate in step 3522 one or more character of heating pipe.Control pressurer system 3324 can comprise one or more valves and fluid container, and can be according to the hydrodynamic pressure in the heating pipe of control signal (for example, by discharging fluid to heating pipe accommodating fluid or from heating pipe) regulating piston formula motor 3340.In another example, as shown in step 3524, control signal in step 3514 can be received by control pressurer system 3324, and control pressurer system 3324 can regulate pressure and/or the flow for the cylinder liner fluid of the deformable cylinder liner of reciprocating engine 3340.Control pressurer system 3324 can comprise one or more valves, pump and fluid container, and can be according to pressure and/or the flow velocity of control signal (for example, by raising or reducing pressure in cylinder liner passage) adjusting cylinders cover fluid, and the correspondingly distortion of the deformable cylinder liner of regulating piston formula motor 3340.In another example, as shown in step 3526, the control signal in step 3514 can be received by other system 3328, one or more character that other system 3328 can regulating piston formula motor 3340.Other system 3328 can comprise that the parts of any appropriate are for realizing in step 3526 at least in part according to one or more character of control signal regulating piston formula motor 3340.For example, other system 3328 can comprise being arranged for to being built in one or more electric resistance heaters in reciprocating engine 3340 provides the power supply of electric power, and step 3526 can comprise regulate offer electric resistance heater voltage, electric current or above-mentioned both.
In flow chart 3400-3500, exemplary steps all can combine, omit, resets with other step according to the disclosure or otherwise change arbitrarily.
Foregoing is only the exemplary illustrated of disclosure principle, and those skilled in the art can complete various modification and not deviate from the scope of the present disclosure.For exemplary and nonrestrictive object provides the above embodiments.The disclosure also can adopt the various ways different from the content of clearly introducing herein.Therefore, be stressed that the disclosure is not limited to clearly disclosed mthods, systems and devices, comprise that the essence that drops on claims is with interior, various modifications and variations of the present disclosure but be construed as.

Claims (30)

1. an assembly, comprising:
Cylinder, described cylinder comprises cylinder barrel and can comprise the cylinder section of fluid;
Piston assembly, described piston assembly can be along the axis axial translation of described cylinder barrel, and wherein said piston assembly comprises piston area; And
At least one bearing element, described at least one bearing element is configured to provide mobile bearing fluid in the gap forming between described piston assembly and described cylinder.
2. assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bearing element is attached to described piston assembly, and wherein said piston assembly further comprises transfer passage, wherein said transfer passage is configured to receive bearing fluid and provide bearing fluid to described bearing element from fluid source.
3. assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said bearing element comprises the circular element of porous, the circular element of described porous allows bearing fluid to flow radially outward to described gap through hole from described transfer passage.
4. assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said bearing element comprises one or more radial holes, described one or more radial holes are configured to allow bearing fluid to flow radially outward to described gap from described transfer passage.
5. assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bearing element is attached to described cylinder, and wherein said cylinder further comprises transfer passage, wherein said transfer passage is configured to receive bearing fluid and provide bearing fluid to described bearing element from fluid source.
6. assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bearing element comprises graphite component, has the metallic member of machining feature, at least one in sintered metal elements, porous ceramic element and atresia ceramic component.
7. assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bearing fluid comprises air.
8. assembly as claimed in claim 1, the fluid comprising in wherein said cylinder section comprises gas, and wherein said piston assembly further comprises that utilization provides from feature placed in the middle or parts from the mobile of blow-by gas of described cylinder section.
9. assembly as claimed in claim 1, the fluid comprising in wherein said cylinder section comprises gas, described assembly further comprises one or more passage, and described one or more passage is configured to limit the route that blow-by gas is left near a part of Clearance Flow described bearing element.
10. assembly as claimed in claim 1, the fluid comprising in wherein said cylinder section comprises gas, and wherein said piston assembly further comprises labyrinth, described labyrinth is configured to affect flowing of blow-by gas.
11. assemblies as claimed in claim 10, wherein said labyrinth comprises multiple circumferential recess.
12. assemblies as claimed in claim 1, mobile being configured to of wherein said bearing fluid forms fluid layer in described gap.
13. assemblies as claimed in claim 12, wherein said fluid layer contributes to make described piston assembly placed in the middle with respect to the axis of described cylinder barrel.
14. assemblies as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cylinder section comprises at least one in burning zone and gas-powered section, and wherein said piston area is configured to contact described cylinder section.
15. assemblies as claimed in claim 1, wherein said assembly is configured to without oil operation.
16. 1 kinds of assemblies, described assembly be configured to along cylinder axis axial translation, described cylinder comprises the cylinder section that can comprise fluid, described assembly comprises:
Piston area, described piston area is configured to contact described cylinder section; And
At least one bearing element, described at least one bearing element is configured to provide to the surface of described assembly outwards mobile bearing fluid, and wherein said assembly does not contact described cylinder.
17. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, further comprise transfer passage, and wherein said transfer passage is configured to receive bearing fluid and provide bearing fluid to described bearing element from fluid source.
18. assemblies as claimed in claim 17, wherein said bearing element comprises the circular element of porous, the circular element of described porous allows bearing fluid to flow radially outward the surface to described assembly from described transfer passage through hole.
19. assemblies as claimed in claim 17, wherein said bearing element comprises one or more radial holes, described one or more radial holes are configured to allow bearing fluid to flow radially outward the surface to described assembly from described transfer passage.
20. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, the fluid comprising in wherein said cylinder section comprises gas, described piston assembly further comprises utilizing to be provided from feature placed in the middle from the mobile of blow-by gas of described cylinder section.
21. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, the fluid comprising in wherein said cylinder section comprises gas, and described assembly further comprises labyrinth, and described labyrinth is configured to affect flowing of blow-by gas.
22. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, the fluid comprising in wherein said cylinder section comprises gas, further described one or more passage of described assembly, described one or more passage is configured to limit from the blow-by gas of the fluid section route leaving that flows from the surface of described assembly.
23. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, wherein said bearing fluid comprises air.
24. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, wherein said cylinder section comprises at least one in burning zone and gas-powered section, and wherein said piston area is configured to contact described cylinder section.
25. assemblies as claimed in claim 16, wherein said assembly is configured to without oil operation.
The cylinder of 26. 1 kinds of reciprocating engine, described cylinder comprises:
Can hold the cylinder barrel of piston, described piston can be along the axial-movement of described cylinder barrel; And
At least one bearing element, described at least one bearing element is configured to provide mobile bearing fluid to described cylinder barrel, and wherein said piston does not contact described cylinder.
27. cylinders as claimed in claim 26, further comprise transfer passage, and described transfer passage is configured to receive bearing fluid and provide bearing fluid to described bearing element from fluid source.
28. cylinders as claimed in claim 27, wherein said bearing element comprises the circular element of porous, the circular element of described porous is configured to allow bearing fluid radially inwardly to flow to described cylinder barrel from described transfer passage through hole.
29. cylinders as claimed in claim 27, wherein said bearing element comprises one or more radial holes, described one or more radial holes are configured to allow bearing fluid radially inwardly to flow to described cylinder barrel from described transfer passage.
30. cylinders as claimed in claim 26, wherein said cylinder is configured to without oil operation.
CN201280069300.4A 2011-12-29 2012-12-21 For managing the method and system in the gap in piston-mode motor Active CN104145084B (en)

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US13/340,538 US9004038B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine
US13/340,537 2011-12-29
US13/340,534 US8720317B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine
US13/340,534 2011-12-29
US13/340,544 US9097203B2 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine
US13/340,537 US20130167797A1 (en) 2011-12-29 2011-12-29 Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine
US13/340,544 2011-12-29
US13/340,538 2011-12-29
PCT/US2012/071525 WO2013101786A1 (en) 2011-12-29 2012-12-21 Methods and systems for managing a clearance gap in a piston engine

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WO2013101786A1 (en) 2013-07-04
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MX354585B (en) 2018-03-09
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EP2798154A1 (en) 2014-11-05
CN104136715B (en) 2017-09-19

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