JP2002061573A - Compressor and pump - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compressor and a pump used for a refrigerating cycle, etc., having improved efficiency and reliability by changing a sliding material. SOLUTION: The compressor and pump each comprise sliding parts of a copper(Cu)-Nickel(Ni) based porous sintered alloy, through which a gaseous refrigerant passes, preventing an increase in sliding loss and improving the efficiency.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compressor used for a refrigerator or an air conditioner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Compressors used in refrigerating cycles and the like have conventionally used CFC-12 (dichlorodifluorofluorocarbon) as a refrigerant.
Methane, CCl2F2) and HCFC-22 (monochlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2) have been mainly used, but chlorine (Cl) atoms are included in the molecule from the viewpoint of the effect on the human body and biological systems due to the destruction of the ozone layer. Not HF
A refrigerant such as C-134a (1,1,1, -tetrafluoroethane, CHF2CF3) or a flammable refrigerant has been used.

[0003] In a compressor used for a refrigeration cycle or the like, a sliding portion has conventionally been lubricated with refrigerant and oil. However, from the viewpoint of environmental destruction, an oil-free compressor in which oil is not sealed in the compressor. The development of is desired.

However, the refrigerant is changed from CFC-12 to HFC-
By changing to 134a, an iron chloride (FeClx) film having excellent wear resistance is no longer formed, so that the amount of wear increases. Further, by making the oil-free, the sliding state is deteriorated, the wear amount is increased, and the sliding loss is increased, and the efficiency is deteriorated.

In such a situation, it is necessary to improve the wear resistance of the sliding material in order to increase the reliability of the compressor. Further, it is necessary to reduce the sliding loss in order to improve the efficiency of the compressor.

[0006] As a conventional compressor, there is, for example, a vibration type compressor described in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-116784. Hereinafter, the above-mentioned conventional vibration type compressor will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 9 shows a conventional vibratory compressor. In FIG. 9, 1 is a closed casing, 1a is a closed casing 1
It is a refrigerant gas space (low pressure) in the interior. 2 is a main body. Reference numeral 3 denotes a motor, which includes a stator 3a and a mover 3b. Reference numeral 4 denotes a cylinder, and reference numeral 5 denotes a piston slidably inserted in the cylinder 4 and fixed to the mover 3b. Reference numeral 6 denotes a block, which is fixed to the cylinder 4. Reference numeral 7 denotes a cylinder head fixed to the cylinder 4 and includes a low-pressure chamber 7a and a high-pressure chamber 7b formed by the cylinder head 7 and the cylinder 4. Reference numeral 8 denotes an elastic element which supports the piston 5 so as to be movable in the cylinder 4 in the axial direction. 9 is a compression chamber composed of the cylinder 4 and the piston 5.

Reference numeral 12 denotes a movable element composed of the movable element 3b of the motor 3, the piston 5, and the like. Reference numeral 13 denotes a fixed element composed of the cylinder 4, the stator 3a of the motor 3, the block 6, and the like.

The main body 2 comprises a movable element 12 and a fixed element 1.
3 and is elastically supported in the closed casing 1 by a suspension spring (not shown).

The operation of the vibrating compressor constructed as described above will be described below.

First, by energizing the motor 3 via a commercial AC power supply, the movable element 3 fixed to the piston 5 is turned on.
b is attracted in the direction of the magnetic pole of the stator 3a by the principle of magnetic variable resistance. At the time of suction, the mover 3b and the block 6
The piston 5 is pushed in the opposite direction by the elastic force stored in the elastic element 8 disposed therebetween, and the piston 5 reciprocates in the axial direction by this repetition.

Refrigerant gas from a cooling system (not shown) is guided to a low-pressure chamber 7a of the cylinder head 7 via a suction valve (not shown) provided in the cylinder head 7.
It reaches the compression chamber 9 in the cylinder 4. The refrigerant gas that has reached the compression chamber 9 is compressed by the reciprocating motion of the piston 5 described above.

The compressed refrigerant gas is supplied to the cylinder head 7
Once discharged into the high-pressure chamber 7b in the cylinder head 7 via a discharge valve (not shown) disposed therein, the liquid is discharged to the system via a discharge pipe (not shown).

Conventionally, a sliding member constituting a sliding portion of the compressor has been formed of a cast iron material or an aluminum alloy.

[0015]

However, in the specification of the conventional sliding material, when the liquid refrigerant is mixed into the sliding portion and the oil in the sliding portion is washed out, the contact between the piston and the cylinder occurs. The frequency increases and the sliding loss increases,
There was a problem that the efficiency was reduced.

The present invention solves the conventional problems and improves the lubricating properties of a sliding material even when the oil in the sliding portion is washed out when a liquid refrigerant is mixed into the sliding portion. An object is to provide a high-efficiency compressor with reduced loss.

According to the specifications of the conventional sliding material, when an oil film does not occur on the sliding portion at the start of starting, the piston and the cylinder formed of a cast iron material or an aluminum alloy are in metal contact. Therefore, there has been a problem that the friction coefficient increases, the sliding loss increases, and the efficiency decreases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the conventional problems. A high-efficiency compressor having improved sliding material components and reduced friction coefficient even when no oil film is formed on the sliding portion at the start of startup. For the purpose of providing.

In the conventional sliding material specifications, when the load is increased due to oil compression or the like, when oil is not sealed in the compressor, or when an oil film is not generated on the sliding portion at the start of startup. There was a problem that abnormal wear occurs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the conventional problems, and improves the wear resistance of a part of a sliding material even when metal contact occurs, thereby preventing abnormal wear and providing a highly reliable compressor. For the purpose of providing.

[0021]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sliding component made of a copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) -based porous sintered alloy through which a refrigerant gas passes. By discharging gas through the pores inside the sintered alloy to the surface of the sliding portion, metal contact between the sliding portions is eliminated, preventing an increase in sliding loss and improving efficiency. It has the effect of causing

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the first aspect, a solid lubricant such as PTFE (ethylene tetrafluoride) is further contained, and A solid lubricant such as PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) has the effect of preventing an increase in sliding loss when metal contact occurs between sliding parts and improving efficiency.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a porous sintered alloy based on copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) through which a refrigerant gas passes, or PTFE (ethylene tetrafluoride) or the like as the sintered alloy. A sliding material comprising a porous sintered material containing a solid lubricant and a material such as a sprayed or resin material such as ceramics and carbide ceramics,
By discharging gas to the surface of the sliding portion through the pores inside the sintered alloy, metal contact between the sliding portions is eliminated, preventing an increase in sliding loss, improving efficiency, and improving the efficiency of the ceramic and the ceramic. The thermal spraying such as a carbide ceramic or the material such as a resin material has an effect of preventing abnormal wear at the time of startup and improving reliability.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the first or second or third aspect of the present invention, one end is opened to a gas space higher than the low pressure of the system and the other end is made of a sliding material. A coolant flow path opened to a coolant gas space adjacent to the coolant gas, and by stably supplying the coolant gas to the coolant gas space, metal contact between the sliding parts is eliminated, thereby increasing a sliding loss. And has the effect of improving efficiency.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a compressor according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The same components as those in the related art are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a compressor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of the embodiment.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 14 denotes a cylinder;
Is a porous sintered alloy forming a sliding portion of the cylinder 14, 16 is a space provided inside the cylinder 14 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 14, and 17 is a porous sintered alloy. And 18 are copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) -based sintered layers forming the porous sintered alloy 14.

With respect to the compressor configured as described above,
The operation will be described below.

In the compressor of the present embodiment, during operation of the compressor, the cylinder 14 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 15
By flowing the refrigerant gas into the space 16 provided inside, the refrigerant gas is in contact with the space 16 provided inside the cylinder 14 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 15. The refrigerant gas is discharged to the sliding surface through the holes 17 dispersed in the copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) layer 18 forming the sintered alloy 15 of FIG. To prevent.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent the sliding loss from increasing due to the metal contact of the sliding portion, and to improve the efficiency. Further, by using the porous sintered alloy 15, compared to a conventional sliding material in which a small-diameter hole is formed in the surface of a sliding portion and a gas is discharged, processing is facilitated and cost is reduced. The effect of reduction can also be obtained.

As described above, in the compressor of the present embodiment, the cylinder 14, the porous sintered alloy 15 forming the sliding part of the cylinder 14, and the anti-porous sintered alloy 15 A space 16 provided inside the cylinder 14 on the sliding portion side,
Voids 17 dispersed inside porous sintered alloy 14
And copper (Cu)-forming the porous sintered alloy 14-
A sliding component comprising a nickel (Ni) -based sintered layer 18 is provided, and a refrigerant gas is discharged to the surface of the sliding portion to eliminate metal contact between the sliding portions and increase sliding loss. Can be prevented and efficiency can be improved.

Although the description has been made by taking the cylinder 14 as an example in the compressor of the present embodiment, similar effects can be obtained with other sliding parts. Further, the same effect can be obtained regardless of the refrigerant used, for example, when a natural refrigerant such as HFC-134a-based refrigerant or hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide is used. Furthermore, an oilless compressor that does not enclose refrigerating machine oil in the compressor is also possible.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a compressor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B of the embodiment.

3 and 4, reference numeral 19 denotes a cylinder;
Is a porous sintered alloy forming a sliding portion of the cylinder 19, 21 is pores dispersed and arranged inside the porous sintered alloy 14, and 22 is an inside of the porous sintered alloy 14. Is a copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) -based sintered layer 23 forming the porous sintered alloy 20.

With respect to the compressor configured as described above,
The operation will be described below.

In the compressor according to the present embodiment, a sufficient amount of refrigerant gas does not exist in the space 16 provided inside the cylinder 19 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 20 at the start of startup. In the case where the sliding surface does not discharge the refrigerant gas and the metal contact of the sliding portion occurs, the porous sintered alloy 20
The friction coefficient is reduced by the self-lubricating action of PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) 23 contained in the PTFE, thereby preventing an increase in sliding loss. Further, during the operation of the compressor, the refrigerant gas sufficiently flows into the space 16 provided inside the cylinder 19 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 20, so that the refrigerant gas is in contact with the gas flow path 21. Copper (C) forming the porous sintered alloy 20
u) —Vacancies 2 dispersed in nickel (Ni) layer 24
2, refrigerant gas is discharged to the sliding surface to prevent metal contact of the sliding portion.

Accordingly, it is possible to prevent an increase in sliding loss when metal contact occurs between the sliding portions at the start of startup, and to improve efficiency. Further, during operation of the compressor, an increase in sliding loss due to metal contact of the sliding portion can be prevented, and efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent an increase in sliding loss due to metal contact of the sliding portion, and to improve efficiency. Further, by using the porous sintered alloy 20, compared to a conventional sliding material in which a small-diameter hole is formed in the surface of a sliding portion and a gas is discharged, processing is facilitated and cost is reduced. The effect of reduction can also be obtained.

As described above, the compressor according to the present embodiment includes the cylinder 19, the porous sintered alloy 20 forming the sliding portion of the cylinder 19, and the porous sintered alloy 14 inside. Pores 21 arranged in a dispersed manner, PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) 22 contained inside the porous sintered alloy 14,
A sliding component comprising a copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) -based sintered layer 23 forming a porous sintered alloy 20 is provided. Even in the case where occurs, PTFE (ethylene tetrafluoride) 22 prevents an increase in sliding loss and improves efficiency. Further, during operation of the compressor, the refrigerant gas is discharged to the surface of the sliding portion to eliminate metal contact between the sliding portions, thereby preventing an increase in sliding loss and improving efficiency.

In the compressor of the present embodiment, PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) 22 is added to the porous sintered alloy 20.
Although the description has been given by taking the cylinder 19 containing as an example, the same effect can be obtained even if the contained material is a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ) or carbon (C).
Furthermore, although the description has been given by taking the cylinder 19 as an example in the compressor of the present embodiment, the same effect can be obtained with other sliding parts. Further, the same effect can be obtained regardless of the refrigerant used, for example, when a natural refrigerant such as HFC-134a-based refrigerant or hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide is used. Furthermore, an oilless compressor that does not enclose refrigerating machine oil in the compressor is also possible.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a compressor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion C of the embodiment.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, reference numeral 24 denotes a cylinder;
Is a porous sintered alloy forming a part of the sliding portion of the cylinder 24, 26 is a ceramic forming a sliding portion of the cylinder 24 together with the porous sintered alloy 25,
Reference numeral 27 denotes pores dispersed and arranged inside the porous sintered alloy 25, and reference numeral 28 denotes copper (C) forming the porous sintered alloy 25.
u) —a sintered layer based on nickel (Ni).

With respect to the compressor configured as described above,
The operation will be described below.

In the compressor according to the present embodiment, a sufficient amount of refrigerant gas is not discharged into the space 16 provided inside the cylinder 24 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 25 at the start of startup. Even when solid contact occurs in the sliding portion in a state where the load is increased due to oil or oil compression, etc., the ceramics 26 together with the porous sintered alloy 25 form the sliding portion of the cylinder 24, The excellent wear resistance of 26 prevents abnormal wear. Furthermore, during the operation of the compressor, a sufficient amount of refrigerant gas flows into the space 16 provided inside the cylinder 24 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 25, so that the porous sintered joint is formed. The voids dispersed in the copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) layer forming the porous sintered alloy 25 in contact with the space provided inside the cylinder 24 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the gold 25. Refrigerant gas is discharged to the sliding surface through the hole 22 to prevent metal contact of the sliding portion.

Therefore, abnormal wear can be prevented when the load is increased at the start of startup or due to oil compression or the like and solid contact occurs between the sliding portions, and reliability can be improved.
Further, during operation of the compressor, an increase in sliding loss due to metal contact of the sliding portion can be prevented, and efficiency can be improved. Further, by using the porous sintered alloy 25, the machining becomes easier compared to a conventional sliding material in which a small-diameter hole is formed in the surface of the sliding portion and gas is discharged, thereby reducing costs. The effect of reduction can also be obtained.

As described above, the compressor according to the present embodiment includes the porous sintered alloy 25 forming a part of the sliding portion of the cylinder 24 and the porous sintered alloy 25 together with the porous sintered alloy 25. Ceramics 26 forming a sliding portion, pores 27 dispersed and arranged inside a porous sintered alloy 25,
A sliding component comprising a copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) -based sintered layer 28 forming a porous sintered alloy 25 is provided. Even in the case where the contact portion becomes large and solid contact occurs between the sliding portions, abnormal wear can be prevented by the good wear resistance of the ceramics 26, and reliability can be improved. further,
During operation of the compressor, the refrigerant gas is discharged to the surface of the sliding portion to eliminate metal contact between the sliding portions, thereby preventing an increase in sliding loss and improving efficiency.

Although the cylinder 24 has been described as an example in the compressor of the present embodiment, similar effects can be obtained with other sliding parts. Furthermore, in the compressor of the present embodiment, the ceramics 26 has been described as an example. However, spraying of carbide-based ceramics such as tungsten carbide (WC) or engineering plastic such as PEEK (polyetheretherketone) may be used. Similar effects can be obtained. Further, in the compressor of the present embodiment, a part of the sliding portion is made of the porous sintered alloy 25. However, the start of the start is performed by adding a solid lubricant such as PTFE to the porous sintered alloy 25. Even when solid contact sometimes occurs, the friction coefficient is reduced by the self-lubricating action of PTFE or the like, the sliding loss is reduced, and the efficiency can be improved. Further, regardless of the refrigerant used, for example, HF
Similar effects can be obtained when a natural refrigerant such as a C-134a-based refrigerant or a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide is used. Furthermore, an oilless compressor that does not enclose refrigerating machine oil in the compressor is also possible.

(Embodiment 4) FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a compressor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion D of the embodiment.

7 and 8, reference numeral 29 denotes a refrigerant flow having one end opened to the high pressure side of the system and the other end opened to the space provided inside the cylinder 14 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 15. Road.

Regarding the compressor configured as described above,
The operation will be described below.

In the compressor of the present embodiment, during the operation of the compressor, the refrigerant passage 29 opened to the high-pressure gas space in the system.
, A high-pressure refrigerant gas flows into a space 16 provided inside the cylinder 14 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 15 so that the porous sintered alloy 15 Through the holes 17 dispersed in the copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) layer 18 forming the porous sintered alloy 15 in contact with the space provided inside the cylinder 14 on the inner side. ,
A high-pressure refrigerant gas is discharged to the sliding surface to prevent metal contact of the sliding portion.

Therefore, since the high-pressure refrigerant gas in the system is used, the refrigerant gas can flow in stably, and it is possible to prevent the sliding loss from increasing due to the metal contact of the sliding portion and to improve the efficiency. it can.

As described above, in the compressor of the present embodiment, one end is opened to the high pressure side of the system, and the other end is provided inside the cylinder 14 on the side opposite to the sliding portion of the porous sintered alloy 15. 16 is provided with a refrigerant flow path 29 opened in the inside, and eliminates metal contact between the sliding parts by stably discharging the refrigerant gas to the sliding part surface, preventing an increase in sliding loss, Efficiency can be improved. Further, in the compressor of the present embodiment, one end of the open end of the refrigerant flow passage 29 is set to the high-pressure gas space in the system, but the same applies when the open end is set to a gas space higher than the low-pressure pressure of the system such as the compression chamber. The effect is obtained. Furthermore, in the compressor of the present embodiment, a part of the sliding portion is made of the porous sintered alloy 15, but the porous sintered alloy 15 contains a solid lubricant such as PTFE to start the start. Even if solid contact sometimes occurs, PTFE
And the like, the friction coefficient is reduced by the self-lubricating action, the sliding loss is reduced, and the efficiency can be improved. Further, regardless of the refrigerant used, for example, HFC-134
Similar effects can be obtained when a natural refrigerant such as an a-type refrigerant or hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide is used. Furthermore, an oilless compressor that does not enclose refrigerating machine oil in the compressor is also possible.

[0053]

As described above, the first aspect of the present invention includes a sliding material made of a copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) -based porous sintered alloy through which a refrigerant gas passes. By discharging the refrigerant gas to the surface of the sliding portion, metal contact between the sliding portions can be eliminated, an increase in sliding loss can be prevented, and efficiency can be improved.

Further, the invention according to claim 2 is the same as the invention according to claim 1.
The solid lubricant such as PTFE (ethylene tetrafluoride) and the like. Prevent increase in dynamic loss and improve efficiency.

Further, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that a porous sintered alloy based on copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) through which the refrigerant gas passes through the inside, or the sintered alloy is made of PTFE (ethylene tetrafluoride). ), Etc., and a sliding material composed of a porous sintered material containing a solid lubricant and a material such as a sprayed or resin material such as ceramics or carbide-based ceramics. By discharging metal, the metal contact between the sliding parts is eliminated, the increase in sliding loss is prevented, the efficiency is improved, and abnormalities at the time of startup due to thermal spraying of the ceramics and carbide ceramics and materials such as resin materials. The invention as claimed in claim 4, which prevents wear and improves reliability, is characterized in that the refrigerant flow has one end opening in the gas space higher than the low pressure of the system and the other end opening in the gas space adjacent to the sliding material. Road Copper refrigerant gas passes through the interior (C
u) -Ni (Ni) based porous sintered alloy or
A sliding material comprising a combination of a porous sintered material containing a solid lubricant such as PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) in the sintered alloy, and a material such as a sprayed or resin material such as ceramics or carbide ceramics; By stably discharging the refrigerant gas to the surface of the sliding portion, metal contact between the sliding portions can be eliminated, an increase in sliding loss can be prevented, and efficiency can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a compressor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a compressor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a compressor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion C according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a compressor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion D according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a conventional compressor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 14 Cylinder 15 Porous sintered alloy 16 Space 17 Void 18 Copper-nickel based sintered layer 19 Cylinder 20 Porous sintered alloy 21 Void 22 PTFE 23 Copper-nickel based sintered layer 24 Cylinder 25 Porous Quality sintered alloy 26 ceramics 27 gas flow path 27 void 28 copper-nickel based sintered layer 29 refrigerant flow path

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. Copper (Cu) through which a refrigerant gas passes
Compressors and pumps having a sliding material consisting of a nickel (Ni) based porous sintered alloy. 2. Copper (Cu) through which refrigerant gas passes
-PTFE on nickel (Ni) based porous sintered alloy
The compressor and the pump according to claim 1, further comprising a sliding material containing a solid lubricant such as (tetrafluoroethylene). 3. A sliding material made of a porous sintered alloy based on copper (Cu) -nickel (Ni) through which a refrigerant gas passes through the inside, or a solid lubricating material such as PTFE (ethylene tetrafluoride) on the sintered alloy. A compressor and a pump comprising a porous sintered material containing an agent and a material such as a sprayed or resin material such as ceramics and carbide ceramics. 4. A coolant passage according to claim 1, wherein one end opens into a gas space higher than the low pressure of the system and the other end opens into a gas space adjacent to the sliding material. Compressor and pump.