CN104137762A - Commercial population breeding method - Google Patents

Commercial population breeding method Download PDF

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CN104137762A
CN104137762A CN201310172893.3A CN201310172893A CN104137762A CN 104137762 A CN104137762 A CN 104137762A CN 201310172893 A CN201310172893 A CN 201310172893A CN 104137762 A CN104137762 A CN 104137762A
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CN104137762B (en
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李晓方
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Guangzhou Nanguo Agricultural Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a commercial population breeding method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, breeding self compatible lines X1, X2... Xn and/or self incompatible lines Z1, Z2... Zn; 2, breeding a recessive hybrid generation V by using the self compatible lines X1, X2...Xn; 3, breeding a self incompatible line four-way hybrid generation colony W by using the self incompatible lines Z1, Z2... Zn; and 4, coordinating a commercial population U by using the self compatible lines X1, X2... Xn, the self incompatible lines Z1, Z2... Zn, the recessive hybrid generation V, and the self incompatible line four-way hybrid generation colony W. The method comprehensively utilizes the advantages of the hybrid generation variety, the colony variety and the self incompatible lines, can effectively protect the rights of breeders and variety right people in the commercial breeding process, also can meet the requirements of low cost, low risk and high benefit, and is suitable for many crops.

Description

Commercialization population breeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding technique, specifically commercialization population breeding method.
Background technology
Current global variety of crops is roughly divided into three types:
The first is conventional pure line cultivar, can be reserved seed for planting voluntarily by the producer, self pollination crop and Cross Pollinated are all had to cost low, the advantage that risk is low, seed can be reserved for one's own use from numerous, but in the unsound situation of laws and regulations on the management, is difficult to control seed leakage, be difficult to guarantee breeder and variety right people's intellectual property, therefore can not become commercialization technology mode.
The second is first generation of hybrid kind, to having obvious heterotic cross pollinated plant, has very large yield and quality advantage, and because seed there will be F 2separated for proterties, can not reuse, can effectively control seed power, in commercialization process, can effectively protect breeder and variety right people's interests, energy perfect market, this is current more general a kind of kind commercialization pattern.The advantage of first generation of hybrid kind has also just promoted breeder also to carry out one after another first generation of hybrid breeding to self-pollination and Cross Pollinated, is exactly the most successfully the promotion and application of hybrid rice.But in self pollination crop, utilize hybrid vigour must create special male sterile line, restorer and maintainer, or photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile line or other male sterile lines, could utilize the heterotic seed purity of simultaneously controlling, reach the object of Hybrid breeding in commercial system.And the dependence to male sterile line in production self pollination crop first generation of hybrid kind subprocess, increased the cost of breeding research and development, also had that male sterile line scarcity of resources, male sterile line fertility are controlled difficulty, hybrid is unreal, purity is not up to standard simultaneously, to intrinsic limitation of various male sterile lines such as climatic factor sensitivities.Take paddy rice as example, the seed selection of crossbreed is all being done by current most breeding man, producing at present the upper authorization kind of utilizing more than 85% is crossbreed, but only more than 100 of the male sterile line that all crossbreed utilizes, cause obtaining the serious exhaustion that has brought genetic diversity when output improves, breeding and seed production cost climb up and up, and risk is increasingly sharpened, as commercialization technology mode, there is the inherent limitation that cost excessive risk is large.
The third is colony's kind, in colony's kind, has genetic diversity, therefore has degeneration-resistant, stable yields, promote the many advantages such as sustainable production, but due to the defect that product characteristics in colony there are differences, effectively precision and commercialization, world statistics utilizes area less than 3/10000ths.
There is deficiency separately in the variety of crops of above three types, and different Pollination Modes has certain restriction to the selection of its breeding method in breeding process, all can not be common to most crops.
To sum up; how to research and develop a kind of brand-new commercialization population breeding method; make in Hybrid breeding in commercial system process; can effectively protect breeder and variety right people's rights and interests; can meet again the pursuit of breeder to low cost, low-risk and high benefit; also having certain general character simultaneously, can be a class or multiclass crop institute general, is the difficult problem that breeding interface, the whole world is faced.
Summary of the invention
For current shortage, can effectively protect breeder and variety right people's rights and interests; can meet again the pursuit of breeder to low cost, low-risk and high benefit; also there is certain general character simultaneously; can be the present situation of the general breeding method of a class or multiclass crop, the invention provides a kind of commercialization population breeding method.
A commercialization population breeding method, comprises the steps:
1) cultivate self compatible line X 1, X 2x nand/or self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z n
Take first generation of hybrid kind I and first generation of hybrid kind II hybridizes as parent, obtains F 1; Take first generation of hybrid kind III and first generation of hybrid kind IV hybridizes as parent, obtains F 1'; With F 1and F 1' be parent's hybridization, the continuous selfing of offspring, take and can educate as selection criteria, obtains a plurality of inbred lines; Self-compatible in described a plurality of inbred line is X 1, X 2... X nif, in described a plurality of inbred lines, there is self incompatible line, be self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2... Z n;
2) with self compatible line X 1, X 2x ncultivate stealthy first generation of hybrid V
For self compatible line X 1, X 2x n, select the dominant material that character pair environmental condition shows as responsive recessive material and environmental condition shown as to insensitiveness, be numbered respectively responsive recessive material XH 1, XH 2xH nwith the dominant material XD of insensitiveness 1, XD 2xD n;
Take male sterile line A as maternal, with XH 1, XH 2xH nin the recessive material XH of arbitrary sensitivity afor paternal hybrid; From F 2in generation, starts to select sterile strain for maternal, with XH afor male parent continuous backcross, backcross breeding is simultaneously with the dominant material XD of insensitiveness 1, XD 2xD nsurvey hiddenly, backcross breeding obtains proterties phenotype as XH arecessive male sterile line XH aa; With recessive male sterile line XH aa is maternal, take arbitrary kind B as paternal hybrid, and obtaining proterties phenotype is recessive male sterile line XH as the stealthy first generation of hybrid V(of B athe phenotypic characteristic of A is covered by the phenotypic characteristic of male parent B completely, has the effect of similar stealth, therefore claims with recessive male sterile line XH athe first-filial generation that A and arbitrary kind B hybridization obtain is the stealthy first generation of hybrid);
3) with self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z ncultivate the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony
From self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z nin select two groups of proterties phenotypes separately close self incompatible line be the maternal ZM of being to be selected 1, ZM 2zM nto be selected with male parent is ZF 1, ZF 2... ZF n;
From a plurality of inbred lines described in step 1), select character pair environmental condition and show as responsive recessive material H 1, H 2h nwith the dominant material D of insensitiveness 1, D 2d n, with the recessive material H of sensitivity bfor pollen donor is to ZM 1, ZM 2zM ncarry out continuously hybridization in system and obtain the maternal ZM of colony of proterties phenotype recessive self incompatible line close and that character inheritance is stable 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n';
Utilize responsive recessive material H cwith with seed selection ZM 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n' identical method is from ZF 1, ZF 2zF nthe recessive self incompatible line male parent ZF of colony that seed selection acquired character phenotype is close and character inheritance is stable 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n';
With the maternal ZM of colony of self incompatible line 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n' and the self incompatible line male parent ZF of colony 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n' hybridize, obtain the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony;
4) with self compatible line X 1, X 2x n, self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z n, stealthy first generation of hybrid V, the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony assembly commercialization population U
Self compatible line X with mass percent 0～100% 1, mass percent 0～100% self compatible line X 2the self compatible line X of mass percent 0～100% n, the self incompatible line Z of mass percent 0～100% 1, mass percent 0～100% self incompatible line Z 2the self incompatible line Z of mass percent 0～100% n, the stealthy first generation of hybrid V of mass percent 0～100%, and the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony of mass percent 0～100% forms commercialization population U;
N, a, b are natural number, n >=1,1≤a≤n, 1≤b≤n, 1≤c≤n.
Wherein, step 2) described self compatible line X 1, X 2x nalso can be any self compatible line obtaining by the method outside step 1), self incompatible line Z described in step 3) 1, Z 2z nalso can be any self incompatible line obtaining by the method outside step 1).
Wherein, step 2), proterties is one or more in the plant biological proterties such as breeding time, plant height, plant type, thousand kernel weight, drought resistance, lodging resistance, disease resistance, output, quality, product characteristics described in step 3), preferred Heading date and plant height.
Wherein, step 2), described in step 3), environmental condition is one or more in illumination, temperature, moisture, plant growth regulator.
Wherein, step 2), the character pair environmental condition of selecting described in step 3) shows as responsive recessive material, be specially and first select character pair environmental condition and show as responsive material and environmental condition is shown as to the material of insensitiveness that (sensitive material is generally controlled by recessive gene, blunt material is generally controlled by dominant gene), with selected sensitive material and blunt material hybridization, observe filial generation proterties separation characteristic, as verified, its characters of progenies separation characteristic meets mendelian inheritance, described sensitive material is for to show as responsive recessive material to environmental condition, corresponding blunt material is for showing as the dominant material of insensitiveness to environmental condition.
Wherein, step 2) algebraically of described continuous backcross is different and different according to breeding crop, male sterile line with acquired character genetic stability is as the criterion, paddy rice generally needs 2(to contain) more than generation, wheat generally needs 3(to contain) more than generation, peanut generally needs 2(to contain) more than generation, buckwheat generally needs 2(to contain) more than generation.
Wherein, the algebraically of hybridization is different and different according to breeding crop in system continuously described in step 3), with the strain of acquired character genetic stability, is as the criterion, and cotton generally needs 3(to contain) generation above, rape generally need 3(to contain) more than generation.
Wherein, the stealthy first generation of hybrid V that described in step 4), U is preferably with mass percent 100% forms.
Wherein, the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony that described in step 4), U is preferably with mass percent 100% forms.
The present invention also provides the application of described commercialization population breeding method in crop breeding.
Wherein, described crop is self-pollinated plant (as paddy rice, wheat, peanut, bitter buckwheat etc.) or Constantly allogamous plant (as cotton, rape etc.).
The beneficial effect of commercialization population breeding method of the present invention is:
(1) with self compatible line X 1, X 2x n, self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z nstealthy first generation of hybrid V, the commercialization population U that the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony forms by a certain percentage, when retaining the many advantages such as traditional colony kind is degeneration-resistant, stable yields, sustainable production, because its each component is inheritance stability strain or the accurate first generation of hybrid of the production of hybrid seeds, and by fixed proportion combination, therefore can overcome the effectively defect of precision of traditional colony kind, the commercialization population U obtaining is that population characteristics is controlled colony's kind accurately; Because U is comprised of different strains, the problem of therefore U directly being reserved seed for planting and can cause characters of progenies accurately not control, can this fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests, is applicable to commercialization; And ratio that can be different combination each component, low cost, low-risk, obtains different commercialization population U to high benefit.
(2) the commercialization population U forming with the stealthy first generation of hybrid V of mass percent 100%, has advantages of that traditional first generation of hybrid kind hybrid vigour obviously and in commercialization process can effectively protect breeder and variety right people's interests; Meanwhile, use for arbitrary kind B 1, B 2b n, as the method by the seed selection tradition first generation of hybrid, need seed selection B respectively 1, B 2b nmale sterile line to guarantee the purity of the hybrid seed of assembly, and adopt the selection of stealthy first generation of hybrid V, do not need seed selection B respectively 1, B 2b nmale sterile line, only need the recessive male sterile line XH of one of seed selection aa, with XH aa be female parent respectively with B 1, B 2b nhybridization, just can obtain phenotype as B 1, B 2b na series of first generation of hybrid kinds, greatly saved the cost and risk of breeding, significantly improved breeding benefit.
(3) the commercialization population U forming with the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony of mass percent 100%, not only there is traditional first generation of hybrid kind hybrid vigour and obviously and in commercialization process can effectively protect breeder and variety right people's interests, have that colony's kind is degeneration-resistant, stable yields, the many advantages such as sustainable production simultaneously; And due to the maternal ZM1 ' of colony, ZM2 ' ... ZMn ' and the ZF of male parent colony 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n' hybridization group mode and each hybrid ratio can precisely control, group mode that can be different and each hybrid ratio low cost, low-risk, obtain different commercialization population U to high benefit.
(4) commercialization population breeding method of the present invention has very strong versatility, is applicable to the plant (specifically dividing self-pollinated plant, Constantly allogamous plant, cross-pollinatd plant) of all Pollination Modes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the breeding line spectrogram of the embodiment of the present invention 2 rice recessive male sterile line H.
Fig. 2 is the breeding line spectrogram of the recessive male sterile line H2 of the embodiment of the present invention 6 cottons.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Because rape, cotton are Cross Pollinateds, cross pollination rate is all at 5%-20%, in order not affect the result of experiment, the hybridization of all rapes, cotton in following examples, backcross and selfing, all need in artificial bagging situation, carry out, between strain, suitably isolation, avoids going here and there powder.
Embodiment 1 self-pollinated plant paddy rice is with method seed selection commercialization population (self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x nthe commercialization population U of assembly)
1, as parent's crossbreed, select
Select 4 first generation of hybrid kinds (being first generation of hybrid kind I of the present invention, first generation of hybrid kind II, first generation of hybrid kind III and first generation of hybrid kind IV) to be parent, respectively:
River in Zhejiang Province excellent 1512: the seed selection of academy of agricultural sciences, Ningbo City, within 2012, enter that variety plot, Zhejiang Province is planted experimentally, investigation and demonstration phase, be purchased from Ningbo seeds company.River in Zhejiang Province excellent 1512 is Xian round-grained rice indica late rice combinations, has represented the level of current Xian round-grained rice friendship breeding, has the basis of genetic variation widely.
Guodao 1 (in having another name called 9 excellent No. 6): authorization is numbered state and examines rice 2004032, is purchased from Hubei Fu Yue Seed company.Guodao 1 is for take middle 9A as maternal, and in take, extensive 8006(has another name called R8006) be male parent, the triple crossing generation kind of hybridization assembly, wherein extensive 8006 is the restorers that adaptability is extensive, popularizing area is large.
Dark excellent 9516: rice 2010042 is examined in authorization numbering Guangdong, be purchased from Guangdong modern ploughing and weeding company.Dark excellent 9516 is combinations of dark 95A and R7116 cross breeding, has good disease resistance and yielding ability in South China rice region.
River excellent 6203: rice 2011002 is examined in authorization numbering river, is purchased from Sichuan Guo Hao seeds company.River excellent 6203 is that good quality male sterile line river 106A and disease-resistant recovery are tied to form the good quality and high output odor type combination that extensive 3203 combos are bred as.
2, convergent cross
(1) hybridization for the first time
Combination 1: take Guodao 1 as maternal, take dark excellent 9516 is male parent, hybridizes 5 individual plants, and each individual plant obtains approximately 30 hybrid seeds, and obtaining altogether 150 hybrid seeds (is the F of step 1 of the present invention 1).
Combination 2: take river excellent 6203 for female parent, take river in Zhejiang Province excellent 1512 is male parent, hybridizes 5 individual plants, and each individual plant obtains approximately 30 hybrid seeds, and obtaining altogether 150 hybrid seeds (is the F of step 1 of the present invention 1').
(2) hybridization for the second time
Combination 1 is planted into respectively to 150 familys with the seed of combination 2.
Take and combine 1 as maternal group, and to each individual plant numbering of maternal group, be designated as M1, M2 ... M150; Take and combine 2 as male parent group, be designated as F1, F2 ... F150, will combine in 2 offsprings, and the pollen 1-1 of each fertile plant is corresponding, to each individual plant pollination of maternal group.Be M1 * F1, M2 * F2 ... M150 * F150.If some male parents do not have pollen completely, can pollinate with the pollen of other F strains.Finally collect the hybrid seed on 150 individual plants of all maternal groups, every individual plant is approximately received 10.(note: also can be with two groups or more male parent groups, simultaneously and maternal group each or the hybridization of part individual plant, obtain the sister group with the many male parents of maternal group.）
3, the establishment of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring
The whole single-strain plantings of first-filial generation seed that above-mentioned 150 individual plants are received, form 150 familys, approximately 10 strains of each family.The seed (because the appearance of sterile strain, some individual plant does not have seed) of whole pollination selfs is gathered in the crops in this season plant division.
Every strain is got 5 commercialization populations for embodiment 2 of seed and is cultivated, and all the other seeds are cultivated for the commercialization population of the present embodiment.
Take every strain away 5 the whole single-strain plantings of residue seed after seed, enter conventional breeding and select, start continuous selfing, in per generation, presses breeding objective and selects fine individual plant, seed selection process must be noted that to eliminate height male sterile plant, simultaneously all selected to good similar individual plant.Continuous selfing many generations, to the last select the good and proterties genetic stability strain of Comprehensive Traits, in the general selfing 2-15 of paddy rice generation,, the present embodiment had continuous selfing altogether 8 generations, obtained a plurality of inbred lines.Because paddy rice is self-pollinated plant, there will not be self incompatible line, a plurality of inbred lines that therefore obtain are all that self compatible line (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n).
4, assembly commercialization population
The inbred line of a plurality of self compatible lines that above-mentioned steps is obtained (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n) carry out the observation of breeding time, plant height and comprehensive agronomy proterties (fringe phase beginning, seed is long, seed is wide, disease resistance, maturing stage, leaf), obtain observation data.
By the identical adjacent plantation of inbred line breeding time, compare observation.Being the adjacent inbred line of 105-107 days from breeding time, finding that 5 inbred lines are quite similar, thereby obtain one group of inbred line material that similitude is very large, the concrete the Characters of each inbred line is in Table 1.
Each inbred line the Characters of table 1 paddy rice (Guangzhou is season observation early)
With above-mentioned 5 inbred line assembly commercialization populations:
(1) 5 inbred line forms No. 1, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind according to equal proportion, with No. I, the inbred line of mass percent 20%, No. III, the inbred line of No. II, the inbred line of mass percent 20%, mass percent 20%, the inbred line of No. IV, the inbred line of mass percent 20%, mass percent 20% forms No. 1, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind No. V.
(2) inbred line of disease-resistant 2,3 grades is reduced, according to component order 0.5:1:0.5:1:1, form No. 2, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind, with No. I, the inbred line of mass percent 12.5%, No. III, the inbred line of No. II, the inbred line of mass percent 25%, mass percent 12.5%, the inbred line of No. IV, the inbred line of mass percent 25%, mass percent 25% forms No. 2, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind No. V.
(3) cancel No. IV, No. II, the slightly discrepant inbred line of blade and inbred line, then equal proportion forms No. 3, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind, with No. I, the inbred line of mass percent 33.3%, the inbred line of No. III, the inbred line of mass percent 33.3%, mass percent 33.4% forms No. 3, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind No. V.
3 accurate colony kinds are carried out to the varietal yield test repeating for three times, result proves, No. 1, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind is all than two other excellence aspect output, resistance and general performance, and volume increase reaches significance level.
By forming 5 inbred lines breeding separately respectively of No. 1, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind, be convenient to No. 1, the accurate colony of equal proportion repeating groups water distribution rice kind.
Due to No. 1, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind (be that the present invention is with self compatible line X 1 , X 2 ... x n the commercialization population U forming)different strains, consist of, the problem of therefore the accurate colony of paddy rice kind directly being reserved seed for planting and can cause characters of progenies accurately not control for No. 1, can this fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests, is applicable to commercialization.
And a plurality of inbred lines that obtained with the present embodiment the 3rd step are proceeded the breeding process of the 4th step, can low cost, low-risk, high benefit ground be bred as more paddy rice commercialization population.
Embodiment 2 self-pollinated plant paddy rice are with method seed selection commercialization population of the present invention (application of stealthy first generation of hybrid V in assembly commercialization population U)
1, breeding material
5 seeds of every strain of getting in embodiment 1 the 3rd step " establishments of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring ", breeding method is shown in embodiment 1.
Precious Xian 97A:1981 indica hybrid rice achievement obtains national invention special award, is purchased from Guangdong Jin Dao Seed company.
Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for: state examines rice 20000005, is high-quality conventional rice kind, is purchased from Guangdong Jin Dao Seed company.
No. I, inbred line, No. II, inbred line, No. III, inbred line, No. IV, inbred line, No. V, inbred line, breeding method is shown in embodiment 1.
2, select character pair environmental condition and show as responsive recessive material
5 seeds of every strain that in embodiment 1, the 3rd step is got are carried out to single-strain planting, pollination self, 5 seeds of every strain results; Later annual single-strain planting, pollination self, 5 seeds of every strain results, selfing is many for (note: above-mentioned selfing process can be carried out in different ecological condition, zones of different and/or Various Seasonal) continuously, because there is sterile strain to occur, each strain number from generation to generation can reduce, and finally retaining approximately 2000 individual plant selfing systems (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n).
Get wherein 48 high generation stable inbred line (numbering MH1-MH48), record its in Guangzhou early season and season in evening different season Heading date and plant height variation, select and change 5 parts of minimum and maximum materials (being that character pair environmental condition of the present invention shows as responsive material and environmental condition shown as to the material of insensitiveness), specifically in Table 2.
Table 2 Rice Ecology responsive materials table (Guangzhou is season and the observation of season in evening early)
By MH3, find with MH28, MH27 and MH13 hybridization respectively, the Heading date and plant height characteristic of offspring's main manifestations MH28, MH27 and MH13, meet mendelian inheritance, therefore insensitiveness is dominant to sensitivity, determines that MH3 is that to show as responsive recessive material (be the recessive material XH of sensitivity of the present invention to character pair environmental condition a), MH28, MH27 and MH13 (are the dominant material XD of insensitiveness of the present invention for environmental condition being shown as to the dominant material of insensitiveness 1, XD 2xD n).
3, the recessive male sterile line of transformation
Rice breeding practice also shows, response to temperature male sterile line is recessive to weak temperature-sensitive and weakly sensitivity substantially, therefore we,, with temperature sensitive type treasure Xian 97A as sterility donor (being male sterile line A of the present invention), carry out male sterility conversion to MH3, and its sterility transfer process is referring to Fig. 1:
The precious Xian 97A of the temperature sensitive type of take, as maternal, be take MH3 as paternal hybrid, from F 2in generation, starts take MH3 as 3 generations of male parent continuous backcross, simultaneously with MH28, MH27 and MH13 as surveying hidden system, survey hidden checking, last backcross breeding obtains proterties phenotype as the recessive male sterile line of MH3, called after H(is recessive male sterile line XH of the present invention aa).And MH3 is the maintainer of recessive male sterile line H.With the seed of recessive male sterile line H and maintainer MH3 hybridization choosing breeding H, method is the reproductive process of male sterile line with general three afterwards.
4, the application of the stealthy first generation of hybrid in commercialization population
(1) with the stealthy first generation of hybrid of conventional rice transformation
Take recessive male sterile line H as maternal, and it is male parent that the conventional rice Guangdong perfume (or spice) of take accounts for (being kind B of the present invention), and hybridization assembly Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for the stealthy first generation of hybrid (being stealthy first generation of hybrid V of the present invention).
Guangdong perfume (or spice) with mass percent 100% accounts for stealthy first generation of hybrid assembly commercialization population ( the present invention is with the commercialization population U of the stealthy first generation of hybrid V composition of mass percent 100%),and plantation observation, it is not remarkable that proterties Phenotypic Expression and Guangdong perfume (or spice) account for difference.Because it is the first generation of hybrid, F 2in generation, is can proterties separated, occurs sterile strain, and therefore, Guangdong perfume (or spice) accounts for the stealthy first generation of hybrid and overcome conventional rice Guangdong perfume (or spice) and account for the shortcoming that can not effectively protect breeder and variety right people's interests, can directly be applicable, and enters commercialization process.
With same method, other conventional rice kinds can be carried out to stealthy first generation of hybrid assembly, effectively to protect breeder and variety right people's interests.
(2) application of the stealthy first generation of hybrid in accurate colony kind
No. IV, No. III, No. II, No. I, 5 component inbred lines, inbred line, inbred line, inbred line and the inbred line of No. 1, the embodiment 1 accurate colony of paddy rice kind of take is for No. V male parent, with recessive male sterile line H hybridization, obtains 5 recessive first-filial generations respectively.
The Characters of 5 recessive first-filial generation male parents corresponding with it relatively, wherein No. III recessive first-filial generation fertility restorer of inbred line is good, and performance also No. III, complete and inbred line is identical, and the next generation isolates 50% sterile strain.
Select No. III recessive first-filial generation of inbred line to identify component (accounting approximately 1%) as commercialization and optimize No. 1, the accurate colony of paddy rice kind, kind after being optimized, new No. 24 of the many collection of called after, it consists of: No. III recessive first-filial generation of inbred line of No. I, the inbred line of mass percent 19.8%, No. II, the inbred line of mass percent 19.8%, No. III, the inbred line of mass percent 19.8%, No. V, the inbred line of No. IV, the inbred line of mass percent 19.8%, mass percent 19.8%, mass percent 1%.
New No. 24 of the many collection of plantation, therefrom 100 individual plant samples of random sampling, carry out Markers for Detection one by one, have 6 kinds of molecular labeling banding patterns, and 5 kinds is the band that isozygotys, a kind of performance heterozygosis band (the stealthy first generation of hybrid).6 types of ratios that substantially meet 19.8:19.8:19.8:19.8:19.8:1.
Therefore, collect new No. 24 more (be that the present invention is with self compatible line X 1 , X 2 x n and stealth the commercialization population U that first generation of hybrid V forms)colony's kind of precisely controlling, can commercialization, and there is the commercialization sign component of recessive first-filial generation, the plantation second generation there will be sterile strain, can fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests.
Embodiment 3 Cross Pollinated rapes are with method seed selection commercialization population (self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x nthe commercialization population U of assembly)
1, as parent's crossbreed, select
Select 4 first generation of hybrid kinds (being first generation of hybrid kind I of the present invention, first generation of hybrid kind II, first generation of hybrid kind III and first generation of hybrid kind IV) to be parent, respectively:
Qin You 33: authorization numbering state examines oil 2008019, is purchased from Shaanxi Hong Yuan agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.Qin You 33 is the two low quality rape crossbreed of high oil content Wild cabbage type, high yield, stable yields, high-quality, resistance to disease, and Comprehensive Traits is good.
No. 8, Chinese oil: authorization numbering state examines oil 2012001, is purchased from Shaanxi Hong Yuan agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.No. 8 high yields of Chinese oil, resistance to stalk break, low erucic acid, is Wild cabbage type semiwinterness cytoplasm male sterility three line crossbreed, suitable Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou and the plantation of rape district, Hanzhong.
No. 4, the assorted oil in Hunan: authorization numbering XS058-2002, is purchased from Hunan Dou Lezhong industry Co., Ltd.The assorted oil in Hunan belongs to ripe hybrid combination in Wild cabbage type semiwinterness No. 4, suitable Hunan Province's plantation low erucic acid, low sulfatide.
Chongqing oil 21: authorization numbering state examines oil 2007011, is purchased from Chongqing City Seeds Co..Chongqing oil 21 is Wild cabbage type semiwinterness cytoplasm male sterility three line crossbreed, high yield, resistance to sick low erucic acid, suitable in Sichuan, the winter rape main producing region plantation in Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou.
2, convergent cross
(1) hybridization for the first time
Combination 1: take Qin You 33 as maternal, the Chinese oil of take is for No. 8 male parent, hybridizes 5 individual plants, each individual plant obtains approximately 30 hybrid seeds of 2 angle fruits, and obtaining altogether 150 hybrid seeds (is the F of step 1 of the present invention 1).
Combination 2: the assorted oil in Hunan be for No. 4 maternal, the oil 21 that changes of take is male parent, hybridizes 5 individual plants, and each 2 angle of individual plant acquisition is approximately 30 hybrid seeds really, and obtaining altogether 150 hybrid seeds (is the F of step 1 of the present invention 1').
(2) hybridization for the second time
Combination 1 is planted into respectively to 150 familys with the seed of combination 2.
Take and combine 1 as maternal group, and to each individual plant numbering of maternal group, be designated as YM1, YM2 ... YM150; Take and combine 2 as male parent group, be designated as YF1, YF2 ... YF150, will combine in 2 offsprings, and the pollen 1-1 of each fertile plant is corresponding, to each individual plant pollination of maternal group.Be YM1 * YF1, YM2 * YF2 ... YM150 * YF150.If some male parents do not have pollen completely, can pollinate with the pollen of other YF strains.Finally collect the hybrid seed on 150 individual plants of all maternal groups.(note: also can be with two groups or more male parent groups, simultaneously and maternal group each or the hybridization of part individual plant, obtain the sister group with the many male parents of maternal group.）
3, the establishment of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring
The whole single-strain plantings of first-filial generation seed that above-mentioned 150 individual plants are received, form 150 familys, approximately 10 strains of each family.The main inflorescence of every strain bagging selfing, the seed of whole pollination selfs is gathered in the crops in plant division.
Every strain is got 5 commercialization populations for embodiment 4 of seed and is cultivated, and all the other seeds are cultivated for the commercialization population of the present embodiment.
Take every strain away 5 the whole single-strain plantings of residue seed after seed, enter conventional breeding and select, start the selfing of continuous main inflorescence bagging, in per generation, presses breeding objective and selects fine individual plant, seed selection process must be noted that to eliminate height male sterile plant, simultaneously all selected to good similar individual plant.Continuous main inflorescence bagging selfing many generations, to the last select the good and proterties genetic stability strain of Comprehensive Traits, the general selfing 4-8 of rape generation, the present embodiment had continuous selfing altogether 6 generations, obtain a plurality of inbred lines, owing to there will be self incompatible line in rape, a plurality of inbred lines that therefore obtain should be distinguished, and the self compatible line of selecting wherein (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n) and self incompatible line wherein (be self incompatible line Z of the present invention 1, Z 2z n).
4, assembly commercialization population
The inbred line of a plurality of self compatible lines that above-mentioned steps is obtained (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n) carry out the observation of breeding time, plant height and comprehensive agronomy proterties (individual plant is effective branch amount, individual plant effective angle fruit number, every seed number per pod, plant type once), obtain observation data.
By the identical adjacent plantation of inbred line breeding time, compare observation.Being the adjacent inbred line of 224-232 days from breeding time, finding that 5 inbred lines are quite similar, thereby obtain one group of inbred line material that similitude is very large, the concrete the Characters of each inbred line is in Table 3.
Each inbred line the Characters of table 3 rape (Gansu observation)
With above-mentioned 5 inbred line assembly commercialization populations:
(1) 5 inbred line forms No. 1, the accurate colony of rape kind according to equal proportion, with No. i, the inbred line of mass percent 20%, No. iii, the inbred line of No. ii, the inbred line of mass percent 20%, mass percent 20%, the inbred line of No. iv, the inbred line of mass percent 20%, mass percent 20% forms No. 1, the accurate colony of rape kind No. v.
(2) the compacter inbred line of plant type is reduced, according to component order 1:0.5:1:0.5:1, form No. 2, the accurate colony of rape kind, with No. i, the inbred line of mass percent 25%, No. iii, the inbred line of No. ii, the inbred line of mass percent 12.5%, mass percent 25%, the inbred line of No. iv, the inbred line of mass percent 12.5%, mass percent 25% forms No. 2, the accurate colony of rape kind No. v.
(3) cancel the compacter inbred line of plant type, then equal proportion forms No. 3, the accurate colony of rape kind, with No. i, the inbred line of mass percent 33.3%, the inbred line of No. iii, the inbred line of mass percent 33.3%, mass percent 33.4% forms No. 3, the accurate colony of rape kind No. v.
3 accurate colony kinds are carried out to the varietal yield test repeating for three times, result proves, No. 1, the accurate colony of rape kind is all than two other excellence aspect output, resistance and general performance, and volume increase reaches significance level.
By forming 5 inbred lines breeding separately respectively of No. 1, the accurate colony of rape kind, be convenient to equal proportion and repeat No. 1, the accurate colony of assembly rape kind.
Due to No. 1, the accurate colony of rape kind (be that the present invention is with self compatible line X 1 , X 2 ... x n the commercialization population U forming)different strains, consist of, the problem of therefore the accurate colony of rape kind directly being reserved seed for planting and can cause characters of progenies accurately not control for No. 1, can this fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests, is applicable to commercialization.
And a plurality of inbred lines that obtained with the present embodiment the 3rd step are proceeded the breeding process of the 4th step, can low cost, low-risk, high benefit ground be bred as more rape commercialization population.
Embodiment 4 Cross Pollinated rapes are with method seed selection commercialization population of the present invention (utilizing self incompatible line seed selection commercialization population U)
1, breeding material
5 seeds of every strain of getting in embodiment 3 the 3rd step " establishments of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring ", breeding method is shown in embodiment 3.
2, select self incompatible line and character pair environmental condition and show as responsive recessive material
5 seeds of every strain that in embodiment 1, the 3rd step is got are carried out to single-strain planting, pollination self, 5 seeds of every strain results; Later annual single-strain planting, pollination self, 5 seeds of every strain results, continuously many generations of selfing (note: above-mentioned selfing process can be carried out in different ecological condition, zones of different and/or Various Seasonal), by recording the breeding time that follow the tracks of of each season, find 2 parts of Johnson & Johnson's state responsive materials (numbering ZQY6, ZQY75), 2 parts of (numbering RY16 of weak response material, RY52), and not affine strain 12 strains of selfing, be handled as follows respectively:
(1) cultivate self incompatible line colony
12 not affine strains of selfing are continued to selfing bagging and confirm its self-incompatibillity, simultaneously to other similar self incompatible line individual plant pollinations of performance for the not affine strain of each selfing, retain not affinity characteristic of selfing, pass through 2-5 generation, obtain 2 of the not affine sister groups of selfing substantially similar in group, be designated as respectively S-ZBQ1 and S-ZBQ2:
S-ZBQ1 comprises that S-ZBQ1-1, S-ZBQ1-2, S-ZBQ1-3, S-ZBQ1-4, S-ZBQ1-5(are ZM of the present invention 1, ZM 2zM n).
S-ZBQ2 comprises that S-ZBQ2-1, S-ZBQ2-2, S-ZBQ2-3, S-ZBQ2-4(are ZF of the present invention 1, ZF 2zF n).
(2) select character pair environmental condition and show as responsive recessive material
The ecological responsive materials table of table 4 rape
Will be with the ZQY6 of strong response, ZQY75 respectively with RY16, RY52 hybridization, find ZQY6 respectively with RY16, the Posterity phenotype of RY52 hybridization is more as RY16 and RY52, find ZQY75 respectively with RY16, the Posterity phenotype of RY52 hybridization, also more as RY16 and RY52, shows that weak response is dominant to strong response.Therefore selecting ZQY6, ZQY75 is that recessive donor material (is recessive material H of the present invention 1, H 2h n), RY16, RY52 (is the dominant material D of insensitiveness of the present invention for surveying hidden material 1, D 2d n).
3, the seed selection of the maternal colony of self incompatible line and self incompatible line male parent colony
Each strain with S-ZBQ1 is done female parent, pollen pollination with recessive donor material ZQY6, carry out continuous backcross, the heredity of avoiding sister to hand over bringing is uncertain, select the recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' of colony 1 of good stable, this colony comprises that recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' 1-1, S-ZBQ ' 1-2, S-ZBQ ' 1-3, S-ZBQ ' 1-4, S-ZBQ ' 1-5(are the maternal ZM of colony of self incompatible line of the present invention 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n').
Equally, each strain with S-ZBQ2 is done female parent, pollen pollination with recessive donor material ZQY75, carry out continuous backcross, select the recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' of colony 2 of good stable, this colony comprises that recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' 2-1, S-ZBQ ' 2-2, S-ZBQ ' 2-3, S-ZBQ ' 2-4(are the self incompatible line male parent ZF of colony of the present invention 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n').
The maternal colony of above self incompatible line and self incompatible line male parent colony, each strain proterties within colony is similar, and the hereditary difference between colony is large, and pollen compatibility is good.
4, assembly commercialization population
Concrete ways is as follows:
(1), by the free outbreeding self incompatible line of sibling seed in group, with recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' 1 and recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' 2 biparental cross, obtain self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid colony, No. 3, the many lucky hearts of called after.
No. 3 commercialization populations of many lucky hearts (be that the present invention is assorted with 100% self incompatible line four plant the commercialization population U that the W of generation colony forms)different strains, consist of, the problem of therefore it directly being reserved seed for planting and can cause characters of progenies accurately not control, can this fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests, is applicable to commercialization.
(2) with recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' 1 colony or recessive self incompatible line S-ZBQ ' 2 colonies and any one self-compatible rape variety hybrid seeding, become stealthy first generation of hybrid kind, thus provide this self-compatible rape variety of proterties picture have a quality assurance can commercialization seed (be that the present invention is with 100% self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid colony the commercialization population U that V forms).
Embodiment 5 Cross Pollinated cottons are with method seed selection commercialization population of the present invention (application of stealthy first generation of hybrid V in assembly commercialization population U)
1, as parent's crossbreed, select
Select 4 first generation of hybrid kinds (being first generation of hybrid kind I of the present invention, first generation of hybrid kind II, first generation of hybrid kind III and first generation of hybrid kind IV) to be parent, respectively:
Assorted cotton No. 10 of Hubei Province: state examines cotton 2005014, is purchased from Hubei Huimin company, crossbreed, high yield, stable yields, high-quality, resistance to disease, Comprehensive Traits is good.
Anti-No. 3 of south: Soviet Union examines cotton 200101,98.9 kgs/acre of district's test manufacture amounts, cotton No. 3 7.42% of super contrast nasal mucus.Quality is 2.5% span length 29.3mm, specific strength 21.4CN/tex, and mic value 5.3, anti-withered sense is yellow.Purchased from Jiangsu kind tomorrow industry.
No. 10, south agriculture: state examines cotton 2008021, sow in spring 130 days breeding times in cotton region, the Yangtze river basin, 105.0 centimetres of plant heights, flower rate 80% before frost.Resistance to fusarium wilt, resistance to verticillium wilt, bollworm resisting; In regional test, before unginned cotton, gined cotton and frost, gined cotton per mu yield is respectively 222.8 kilograms, 91.4 kilograms and 73.3 kilograms.Purchased from Jiangsu kind tomorrow industry.
Nannong 6: cotton 200403 is examined in Jiangxi, sterile lines seed making, 130 days breeding times, high 120cm, spends 75.6% before frost, ginning outturn 42.56%.District's test manufacture amount: 275.0 kilograms of unginned cottons, cotton No. 3 12.8% of super contrast nasal mucus, 117.7 kilograms of gined cottons, volume increase 5.37%, high resistance to wilt good.Purchased from Jiangsu kind tomorrow industry.
2, convergent cross
(1) hybridization for the first time
Combination 1: take Hubei Province assorted cotton No. 10 for maternal, on the south to resist be for No. 3 male parent, hybridize 5 individual plants, each individual plant obtains approximately 30 hybrid seeds, obtaining altogether 150 hybrid seeds (is the F of step 1 of the present invention 1).
Combination 2: Nan Nong is for No. 10 maternal, take Nannong 6 as male parent, hybridizes 5 individual plants, and each individual plant obtains approximately 30 hybrid seeds, and obtaining altogether 150 hybrid seeds (is the F of step 1 of the present invention 1').
(2) hybridization for the second time
Combination 1 is planted into respectively to 150 familys with the seed of combination 2.
Take and combine 1 as maternal group, and to each individual plant numbering of maternal group, be designated as CM1, CM2 ... CM150; Take and combine 2 as male parent group, be designated as CF1, CF2 ... CF150, will combine in 2 offsprings, and the pollen 1-1 of each fertile plant is corresponding, to each individual plant pollination of maternal group.Be CM1 * CF1, CM2 * CF2 ... CM150 * CF150.If some male parents do not have pollen completely, can pollinate with the pollen of other CF strains.Finally collect the hybrid seed on 150 individual plants of all maternal groups.(note: also can be with two groups or more male parent groups, simultaneously and maternal group each or the hybridization of part individual plant, obtain the sister group with the many male parents of maternal group.）
3, the establishment of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring
The whole single-strain plantings of first-filial generation seed that above-mentioned 150 individual plants are received, form 150 familys, approximately 10 strains of each family.The selfing of every strain bagging, the seed of whole pollination selfs is gathered in the crops in plant division.
Every strain is got 5 commercialization populations for embodiment 6 of seed and is cultivated, and all the other seeds are cultivated for the commercialization population of the present embodiment.
Take every strain away 5 the whole single-strain plantings of residue seed after seed, enter conventional breeding and select, start continuous bag sleeving selfing, in per generation, presses breeding objective and selects fine individual plant, seed selection process must be noted that to eliminate height male sterile plant, simultaneously all selected to good similar individual plant.Continuous selfing many generations, to the last select the good and proterties genetic stability strain of Comprehensive Traits, in the general selfing 4-10 of cotton generation,, the present embodiment had continuous selfing altogether 7 generations, and obtaining a plurality of self compatible lines (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n).
4, assembly commercialization population
The inbred line of a plurality of self compatible lines that above-mentioned steps is obtained (is self compatible line X of the present invention 1, X 2x n) carry out the observation of breeding time, plant height and comprehensive agronomy proterties (Bolls per plant number, cotton boll size, plant type), obtain observation data.
By the identical adjacent plantation of inbred line breeding time, compare observation.Being the adjacent inbred line of 115-125 days from breeding time, finding that 5 inbred lines are quite similar, thereby obtain one group of inbred line material that similitude is very large, the concrete the Characters of each inbred line is in Table 5.
Each inbred line the Characters of table 5 cotton (Hubei observation)
With above-mentioned 5 inbred line assembly commercialization populations:
(1) 5 inbred line forms No. 1, the accurate colony of cotton kind according to equal proportion, with the inbred line of mass percent 20% 1. number, the inbred line of mass percent 20% 2. number, the inbred line of mass percent 20% 3. number, the inbred line of mass percent 20% 4. number, 5. the inbred line of mass percent 20% number form No. 1, the accurate colony of cotton kind.
(2) the compacter inbred line of plant type is reduced, according to component order 0.5:1:1:0.5:1, form No. 2, the accurate colony of cotton kind, with the inbred line of mass percent 12.5% 1. number, the inbred line of mass percent 25% 2. number, the inbred line of mass percent 25% 3. number, the inbred line of mass percent 12.5% 4. number, 5. the inbred line of mass percent 25% number form No. 2, the accurate colony of cotton kind.
(3) cancel the compacter inbred line of plant type, then equal proportion forms No. 3, the accurate colony of cotton kind, with the inbred line of mass percent 33.3% 2. number, the inbred line of mass percent 33.3% 3. number, 5. the inbred line of mass percent 33.4% number form No. 3, the accurate colony of cotton kind.
3 accurate colony kinds are carried out to the varietal yield test repeating for three times, result proves, No. 1, the accurate colony of cotton kind is all than two other excellence aspect output, resistance and general performance, and volume increase reaches significance level.
To form 5 inbred lines breeding separately respectively of No. 1, the accurate colony of cotton kind, be convenient to distribute cotton No. 1, the true colony of anthosin kind of equal proportion repeating groups.
Due to No. 1, the accurate colony of cotton kind (be that the present invention is with self compatible line X 1 , X 2 ... x n the commercialization population U forming)different strains, consist of, the problem of therefore the accurate colony of cotton kind directly being reserved seed for planting and can cause characters of progenies accurately not control for No. 1, can this fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests, is applicable to commercialization.
And a plurality of inbred lines that obtained with the present embodiment the 3rd step are proceeded the breeding process of the 4th step, can low cost, low-risk, high benefit ground be bred as more cotton commercialization population.
Embodiment 6 Cross Pollinated cottons are with method seed selection commercialization population of the present invention (application of stealthy first generation of hybrid V in assembly commercialization population U)
1, breeding material
5 seeds of every strain of getting in embodiment 5 the 3rd step " establishments of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring ", breeding method is shown in embodiment 5.
The inbred line of embodiment 5 gained 1. number, inbred line 2. number, inbred line 3. number, breeding method is shown in embodiment 5.
Shandong cotton No. 15 from Shandong Cotton Research Center.
3 sterile line material CA1, CA2, CA3, from Shihezi of Xinjiang agricultural science and technology research and development centre.
2, select character pair environmental condition and show as responsive recessive material and male sterile line
5 seeds of every strain of getting in embodiment 5 the 3rd step " establishments of a plurality of inbred lines of convergent cross offspring ", by 35 advanced clones stable after selfing in continuous 3 years (numbering: ML1, ML2 ... ML35), with 3 male sterile lines (CA1, CA2, CA3), record its Heading date and plant height in different year and change.And design growth regulator (mepiquat chloride) sensitivity tests, repeat for three times, random district group, carry out the growth regulator sensitivity tests of 35 materials and 3 male sterile lines, observation sprays and does not spray the variation of mepiquat chloride lower early flowering season of situation and plant height, selects and changes 4 parts of minimum and maximum extreme responsive materials:
Table 6 cotton is ecological, growth regulator responsive materials table
With ML5, the ML11 of strong response, hybridize with ML1 and ML35 respectively, find that offspring trends towards weak response, therefore weak response is dominant to strong response, the offspring of ML11 is more as the Heading date and plant height characteristic of ML1 and ML35 simultaneously, and therefore selecting ML11 is that recessive donor material (is the recessive material XH of sensitivity of the present invention a).To several cotton male sterile line, analysis shows, the Characters of CA3, more as ML11, therefore selects CA3 to do sterility donor (being the male sterile line A of step 2 of the present invention), and ML11 is carried out to male sterility conversion, creates the recessive male sterile line of cotton; With ML1 and ML35(, be the dominant material XD of insensitiveness of the present invention simultaneously 1, XD 2xD n) survey hidden checking.
3, the recessive male sterile line of transformation
The process of ML11 being carried out to male sterility conversion is referring to Fig. 2:
Take CA3 as maternal, take ML11 as paternal hybrid, from F 2in generation, starts to select sterile strain to take ML11 as 3 generations of male parent continuous backcross for maternal, use ML1 and ML35 as surveying hidden system simultaneously, survey hidden checking, last backcross breeding obtains proterties phenotype as the recessive male sterile line of ML11, and called after H2(is recessive male sterile line XHaA of the present invention).And ML11 is the maintainer of recessive male sterile line H2.With the seed of recessive male sterile line H2 and maintainer ML11 hybridization choosing breeding H2, method is the reproductive process of male sterile line with general three afterwards.
4, the application of the stealthy first generation of hybrid in commercialization population
(1) to be sheerly the stealthy first generation of hybrid of cotton variety transformation
Take recessive male sterile line H2 as maternal, take that to be sheerly cotton variety Shandong cotton No. 15 (being kind B of the present invention) be male parent, the hybridization assembly Shandong cotton No. 15 stealthy first generations of hybrid (being stealthy first generation of hybrid V of the present invention).
The cotton No. 15 stealthy first generation of hybrid assembly commercialization populations in Shandong with mass percent 100% (be that the present invention is with the commercialization population of the stealthy first generation of hybrid V composition of mass percent 100% u),and plantation observation, cotton No. 15 differences in proterties Phenotypic Expression and Shandong are not remarkable.Because it is the first generation of hybrid, F 2generation meeting proterties is separated, and therefore, the cotton No. 15 stealthy first generations of hybrid in Shandong have overcome the cotton shortcoming that can not effectively protect breeder and variety right people's interests for No. 15 in pure lines cotton variety Shandong, can directly be applicable, and enter commercialization process.
With same method, other can be sheerly to cotton variety and carry out stealthy first generation of hybrid transformation, effectively to protect breeder and variety right people's interests.
(2) application of the stealthy first generation of hybrid in accurate colony kind
Take inbred line 1. number, inbred line 2. number, inbred line 3. number, Shandong cotton is for No. 15 male parent, with recessive male sterile line H2 hybridization, obtains 4 recessive first-filial generations respectively.
The Characters of 4 recessive first-filial generation male parents corresponding with it relatively, wherein the cotton No. 15 recessive first-filial generation fertility restorers in Shandong are good, and performance is also completely identical with Shandong cotton No. 15, and the next generation isolates 50% sterile strain.
Select the cotton No. 15 recessive first-filial generations in Shandong to identify component (accounting approximately 25%) as commercialization and carry out assembly commercialization population, called after cotton seed group No. 5, it consists of: the inbred line of mass percent 25% 1. number, the inbred line of mass percent 25% 2. number, the inbred line of mass percent 25% 3. number, the cotton No. 15 recessive first-filial generations in Shandong of mass percent 25%.
Plantation cotton seed group No. 5, therefrom 100 individual plant samples of random sampling, carry out Markers for Detection one by one, have 4 kinds of molecular labeling banding patterns, and 3 kinds is the band that isozygotys, a kind of performance heterozygosis band (the stealthy first generation of hybrid).4 types of ratios that substantially meet 1:1:1:1.
Therefore, cotton seed group (is that the present invention is with self compatible line X1, X2 No. 5 ... Xn and hidden the commercialization population U that shape first generation of hybrid V forms)colony's kind of precisely controlling, can commercialization, and there is the commercialization sign component of recessive first-filial generation, plantation second filial generation there will be sterile strain, can fully ensure breeder and variety right people's rights and interests.
Embodiment 7 cross pollinated plant buckwheats are with method seed selection commercialization population of the present invention (utilizing self incompatible line seed selection commercialization population U)
1, breeding material
From the sweet buckwheat farm variety of rural area, Yulin plantation, select 2 of the good isometric colored type familys of Comprehensive Traits (numbering 1,2), from the buckwheat farm variety as sweet in target of Jiangsu, select 3 of 3 of short style long stamened flower type familys (numbering 3,5,7) and the short stamen familys of long style (numbering 4,6,8).
2, the seed selection of the maternal colony of self incompatible line and the maternal colony of self incompatible line
According to the Pistil And Stamen biological property of buckwheat floral organ, buckwheat can be divided into the isometric colored type of Pistil And Stamen, short style long stamened flower type and the short stamen three types of long style, in natural population, take two kinds, short style long stamened flower type and the short stamen of long style as common, and of the same type is difficult to pollination self substantially, the main medium that leans on is pollinated solid between two types, offspring can isolate self-compatible isometric colored type on a small quantity, illustrate that isometric colored type is for recessive, isometric colored type has higher pollination self and Grain-Filling Characteristics, therefore isometric colored type is the naturally occurring self-compatibility of buckwheat, therefore the present invention is using the recessive donor that utilizes isometric colored type as self-compatible property preservation.
(1) the maternal colony of self incompatible line and corresponding recessive maintainer thereof
Select the long stamen 3 of short style and isometric colored type 1 hybridization (also can select the hybrid combination of the short stamen 6 of short style long stamen 5 * long style or the long stamen 7 of long style short stamen 8 * short style), in offspring, selecting the good individuality of the long stamen of several short styles Comprehensive Traits (is the female parent of the present invention ZM of being to be selected 1, ZM 2zM n), with the similar isometric colored type family YB1 back pollinating of Comprehensive Traits in family, 3 generations of continuous backcross, form stablize the long stamen family of good short style several, corresponding isometric colored type family YB1 (is the recessive material H of sensitivity of the present invention as its recessive maintainer b), for the breeding of corresponding maternal system.Multiplication fields will note pulling out the isometric colored type individual plant of a small amount of natural separation, then collects the seed of maternal system.
The maternal system of the long stamen of short style that stablizes obtaining is carried out to diallel cross, according to shaky characteristic in the present age, determine not affinity characteristic of its selfing, eliminate solid affine system in the present age, retain self-incompatible maternal system, form the self-incompatible maternal group of system, the self-incompatible maternal group of system that the present embodiment filters out, containing 5 self incompatible lines, is numbered ZM1, ZM2, ZM3, ZM4, ZM5(is the maternal ZM of colony of recessive self incompatible line that proterties phenotype of the present invention is close and character inheritance is stable 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n').Corresponding isometric colored type inbred line YB1, as recessive maintainer, can keep ZM1 simultaneously, ZM2, and ZM3, ZM4, the long stamen characteristic of short style of ZM5, for the self-incompatible maternal group's of system breeding, thereby the accurate breeding that is for each female parent provides guarantee.
(2) select the self-incompatible male parent group of system and corresponding recessive maintainer thereof
Select short stamen 4 hybridization (also can select the Crossing system of the short stamen 6 of short style long stamen 5 * long style or the long stamen 7 of long style short stamen 8 * short style) of isometric colored type 2 and long style, in offspring, select the short stamen of several long styles, pollen amount is large, loose powder ability is strong and the good individuality of Comprehensive Traits (is the male parent of the present invention ZF of being to be selected 1, ZF 2zF n), with the similar isometric colored type family YB2(of Comprehensive Traits in family, be H of the present invention c) back pollinating, 3 generations of continuous backcross, form stablize the short stamen family of good long style several, corresponding isometric colored type family YB2 is as its recessive maintainer, the breeding that is for corresponding male parent.At multiplication fields, to note pulling out the isometric colored type individual plant of a small amount of natural separation.Then collect the seed of male parent system.
To the short stamen male parent of the stable long style obtaining, system carries out diallel cross, according to shaky characteristic in the present age, determine not affinity characteristic of its selfing, eliminate solid affine system in the present age, retaining self-incompatible male parent is to form the self-incompatible male parent group of system, containing 3 self incompatible lines, be numbered ZF1, ZF2, ZF3(is the recessive self incompatible line male parent ZF of colony that proterties phenotype of the present invention is close and character inheritance is stable 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n').Corresponding isometric colored type inbred line YB2, as recessive maintainer, can keep the short stamen characteristic of long style of 3 male parent systems simultaneously, and for the self-incompatible male parent group's of system breeding, thereby the accurate breeding that is for each male parent provides guarantee.
4, assembly commercialization population
With the maternal (ZM1 of colony of the stable recessive self incompatible line of character inheritance, ZM2, ZM3, ZM4, ZM5) with stable recessive self incompatible line male parent colony (ZF1, the ZF2 of character inheritance, ZF3) do half diallel cross, with the pollen of each male parent system, to 5 maternal systems, pollinate respectively, obtain 15 half diallel cross offsprings' seed, carry out the varietal yield test repeating for three times.Hybrid combination is as shown in table 7.
The self-incompatible maternal group of system of table 7 buckwheat and male parent linecross combination table
? ZM1 ZM2 ZM3 ZM4 ZM5
ZF1 11 12 13 14 15
ZF2 21 22 23 24 25
ZF3 31 32 33 34 35
(1) with 11,12,13,14,15 assembly commercialization populations
Varietal yield test result shows that 11,12,13,14,15 performances are similar, illustrate that ZF1 is a good male parent of general combining ability, these 5 first generations of hybrid can form an accurate first generation of hybrid colony kind, by 11,12,13,14,15 collocation according to mass ratio 1:1:1:1:1 tests successively, also show, the colony's performance forming is excellent, can enter experiment and demonstration and regional test supervisor, this population called after is gathered to buckwheat new No. 3.
The seed that poly-buckwheat is new No. 3 produce can take 5 female parents be mixed in equal amounts and and ZF1 between the mode of row plantation carry out the production of hybrid seeds, between row ratio be the maternal 2 row male parents of 4 row, full-bloom stage shakes supplementary pollination with rope, or put bee colony pollination in a suitable place to breed, results are the seed of maternal row all, as first-filial generation business seed, promote.Seed farm periphery will be taked artificial and or suitable quarantine measures.
(2) with 23,24,31,32,35 assembly commercialization populations
Varietal yield test result also shows, 23,24,31,32,35, also very similar, therefore can form another first generation of hybrid population, proportioning test by different proportion shows, these 5 first generations of hybrid are best with the mode arranging effect of 1:1:2:2:2 successively, and this population called after is gathered to buckwheat new No. 5.
The seed that poly-buckwheat is new No. 5 is produced and is divided into 2 regions:
First area be 2 female parents of 23,24 be mixed in equal amounts and and ZF2 between the mode of row plantation carry out the production of hybrid seeds, a row ratio is the maternal 2 row male parents of 4 row, full-bloom stage shakes supplementary pollination with rope, or puts bee colony pollination in a suitable place to breed, results are the seeds of maternal row all.Seed farm periphery will be taked artificial and or suitable quarantine measures.
Second area be 3 female parents of 31,32,35 be mixed in equal amounts and and ZF3 between the mode of row plantation carry out the production of hybrid seeds, a row ratio is the maternal 2 row male parents of 4 row, full-bloom stage shakes supplementary pollination with rope, or puts bee colony pollination in a suitable place to breed, results are the seeds of maternal row all.Seed farm periphery will be taked artificial and or suitable quarantine measures.
The production of hybrid seeds total amount of second area is 3 times of first area.Finally the seed of first area and second area is mixed according to the ratio of 2:6, just formed the final poly-new No. 5 commercialization seeds of buckwheat of 5 first generation of hybrid 1:1:2:2:2 ratios.
The method of this enforcement is also applicable to cross pollination, female different strain, unisexual vegetable crop etc., especially, on vegetable crop, utilizes the hybrid seed of four system, methods acquisitions, utilizes offspring's trophosome hybrid vigour aspect, and advantage is more obvious.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a commercialization population breeding method, comprises the steps:
1) cultivate self compatible line X 1, X 2x nand/or self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z n
Take first generation of hybrid kind I and first generation of hybrid kind II hybridizes as parent, obtains F 1; Take first generation of hybrid kind III and first generation of hybrid kind IV hybridizes as parent, obtains F 1'; With F 1and F 1' be parent's hybridization, the continuous selfing of offspring, take and can educate as selection criteria, obtains a plurality of inbred lines; Self-compatible in described a plurality of inbred line is X 1, X 2x nif, in described a plurality of inbred lines, there is self incompatible line, be self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z n;
2) with self compatible line X 1, X 2x ncultivate stealthy first generation of hybrid V
For self compatible line X 1, X 2x n, select the dominant material that character pair environmental condition shows as responsive recessive material and environmental condition shown as to insensitiveness, be numbered respectively responsive recessive material XH 1, XH 2xH nwith the dominant material XD of insensitiveness 1, XD 2xD n;
Take male sterile line A as maternal, with XH 1, XH 2xH nin the recessive material XH of arbitrary sensitivity afor paternal hybrid; From F 2in generation, starts to select sterile strain for maternal, with XH afor male parent continuous backcross, backcross breeding is simultaneously with the dominant material XD of insensitiveness 1, XD 2xD nsurvey hiddenly, backcross breeding obtains proterties phenotype as XH arecessive male sterile line XH aa; With recessive male sterile line XH aa is maternal, take arbitrary kind B as paternal hybrid, obtains proterties phenotype as the stealthy first generation of hybrid V of B;
3) with self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z ncultivate the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony
From self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z nin select two groups of proterties phenotypes separately close self incompatible line be the maternal ZM of being to be selected 1, ZM 2zM nto be selected with male parent is ZF 1, ZF 2zF n;
From a plurality of inbred lines described in step 1), select character pair environmental condition and show as responsive recessive material H 1, H 2h nwith the dominant material D of insensitiveness 1, D 2d n, with the recessive material H of sensitivity bfor pollen donor is to ZM 1, ZM 2zM ncarry out continuously hybridization in system and obtain the maternal ZM of colony of proterties phenotype recessive self incompatible line close and that character inheritance is stable 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n';
Utilize responsive recessive material H cwith with seed selection ZM 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n' identical method is from ZF 1, ZF 2zF nthe recessive self incompatible line male parent ZF of colony that seed selection acquired character phenotype is close and character inheritance is stable 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n';
With the maternal ZM of colony of self incompatible line 1', ZM 2' ... ZM n' and the self incompatible line male parent ZF of colony 1', ZF 2' ... ZF n' carry out diallel cross, obtain the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony;
4) with self compatible line X 1, X 2x n, self incompatible line Z 1, Z 2z n, stealthy first generation of hybrid V, the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony assembly commercialization population U
Self compatible line X with mass percent 0～100% 1, mass percent 0～100% self compatible line X 2the self compatible line X of mass percent 0～100% n, the self incompatible line Z of mass percent 0～100% 1, mass percent 0～100% self incompatible line Z 2the self incompatible line Z of mass percent 0～100% n, the stealthy first generation of hybrid V of mass percent 0～100%, and the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony of mass percent 0～100% forms commercialization population U;
N, a, b are natural number, n >=1,1≤a≤n, 1≤b≤n, 1≤c≤n.
2. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described self compatible line X 1, X 2x nalso can be any self compatible line obtaining by the method outside step 1), self incompatible line Z described in step 3) 1, Z 2z nalso can be any self incompatible line obtaining by the method outside step 1).
3. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described proterties is one or more in the plant biological proterties such as breeding time, plant height, plant type, thousand kernel weight, drought resistance, lodging resistance, disease resistance, output, preferably Heading date and plant height.
4. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described environmental condition is one or more in illumination, temperature, moisture, plant growth regulator.
5. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described character pair environmental condition of selecting shows as responsive recessive material, be specially and first select the material that character pair environmental condition shows as responsive material and environmental condition shown as to insensitiveness, with selected sensitive material and blunt material hybridization, observe filial generation proterties separation characteristic, as verified, its characters of progenies separation characteristic meets mendelian inheritance, described sensitive material is for to show as responsive recessive material to environmental condition, corresponding blunt material is for showing as the dominant material of insensitiveness to environmental condition.
6. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) algebraically of described continuous backcross is different and different according to breeding crop, with the male sterile line of acquired character genetic stability, is as the criterion.
7. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the algebraically of hybridization is different and different according to breeding crop in system continuously described in step 3), with the strain of acquired character genetic stability, is as the criterion.
8. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the stealthy first generation of hybrid V that U is preferably with mass percent 100% described in step 4) forms.
9. commercialization population breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the self incompatible line Si Xi first generation of hybrid W of colony that U is preferably with mass percent 100% described in step 4) forms.
10. the application of the commercialization population breeding method described in claim 1-10 any one in crop breeding.
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