CN104121995A - Device and method for measuring time-domain width of femtosecond pulse - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring time-domain width of femtosecond pulse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104121995A CN104121995A CN201410312390.6A CN201410312390A CN104121995A CN 104121995 A CN104121995 A CN 104121995A CN 201410312390 A CN201410312390 A CN 201410312390A CN 104121995 A CN104121995 A CN 104121995A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the time-domain width of a femtosecond pulse. The device comprises a femtosecond laser, a wavelength tuner, a first pore diaphragm, a beam splitter, a reference light adjustment system, a signal light adjustment system, a nonlinear crystal, a second pore diaphragm, a photoelectric detector, a phase-locked amplifier, a signal processing module, a control terminal, an electric angular displacement table used for controlling the nonlinear crystal to rotate, and an electric displacement table used for controlling the reference light adjustment system to move. According to the device, a pulse laser beam is split into two same pulse laser beams through the beam splitter, the two same pulse laser beams passes through the reference light adjustment system and the signal light adjustment system respectively, and then enter onto the nonlinear crystal in an overlapping manner to generate a sum-frequency signal beam, and then the sum-frequency signal beam is acquired and subjected to signal processing, and then sent to a control terminal and measured to obtain the time-domain width of the pulse laser beam. The device and the method disclosed by the invention are high in measurement efficiency, low in measurement cost, and capable of being widely applied to the field of measurement for the time-domain widths of femtosecond pulses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photoelectric detection technology field, particularly a kind of for measuring the apparatus and method of femtosecond pulse time domain width.
Background technology
Along with the birth of laser, the measuring technique of laser pulse occurs thereupon.Wherein, the measurement of the monopulse time domain width of paired pulses laser is particularly important.Before laser occurs, very limited to the Measurement accuracy ability in the small time interval, generally less than 10 nanoseconds (10
-9s).Nineteen sixty, the laser pulse width approximate number millisecond (10 that first ruby laser produces in the world
-3s), employ new technology after the 1 year width of the pulse that generates has reached tens of nanoseconds (10
-8s).Therefore, the measurement in the time interval can utilize photodetector to add that the direct measurement of common electron oscillograph realizes.Although the response time of photodetector can reach picosecond magnitude at present, because the impact of many factors, even if adopt the detector of high response time like this, the time interval measurement ability that photoelectricity is directly measured still only has hundreds of picosecond magnitudes.And for optical, electrical signal shorter in the less time interval or time domain, need in conjunction with sophisticated equipments such as fast-response oscillographs, measure with special fast-response photodetector.
But along with the progress of pulsed laser technique, pulse width shortens fast, original measuring method far can not meet the demands.Large-scale measuring equipment is developed in the scientific & technical corporation Tyke of the U.S. etc., and as high-speed oscilloscope, streak camera, measuring accuracy has reached respectively 10ps and 1ps (10
-12s) magnitude, but the very big shortcoming of these equipment is: bulky, involve great expense, installation and maintenance is very complicated, causes the measurement inefficiency in the small time interval and to measure cost high.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical matters, the object of this invention is to provide a kind ofly for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of for measuring the method for femtosecond pulse time domain width.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, comprise femto-second laser, wavelength tuning device, the first aperture, beam splitter, reference light regulating system, flashlight regulating system, nonlinear crystal, second orifice diaphragm, photodetector, lock-in amplifier, signal processing module, control terminal, for controlling the electric angle displacement platform that nonlinear crystal rotates and the electricity driving displacement platform moving for controlling reference beam regulating system, described femto-second laser also comprises timing delay generator;
The pulse laser beam that described femto-second laser sends is undertaken after pulse center wavelength regulation by wavelength tuning device, successively by being divided into the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same after the first aperture and beam splitter, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, described reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam produce nonlinear crystal and frequency signal beams by reference to overlapping being irradiated on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system respectively, be irradiated on photodetector by second orifice diaphragm with frequency signal beams, photodetector produces photocurrent and is input to the current input terminal of lock-in amplifier under the irradiation with frequency signal beams, the synchronous signal output end of the timing delay generator of described femto-second laser is connected with the reference signal input end of lock-in amplifier, the output terminal of described lock-in amplifier is connected with control terminal by signal processing module,
Described electricity driving displacement platform and electric angle displacement platform are all connected with control terminal.
Further, described electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module and mobile agent, described drive control module is connected with mobile agent and control terminal respectively, and described reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture, the 3rd catoptron and is arranged on the first catoptron and the second catoptron on mobile agent;
Described flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the 7th catoptron, describedly for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, also comprises the 8th catoptron;
Described reference pulse light beam is successively by antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron reflection after the 3rd aperture, the first catoptron and the second catoptron, and the pulsed light beam that described signal pulse light beam obtains successively after the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the reflection of the 7th catoptron is all irradiated to the 8th catoptron and overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after the 8th catoptron reflection.
Further, in the middle of described the first aperture and beam splitter, be also disposed with half-wave plate and Glan prism.
Further, described photodetector adopts silicon-based detector, and described signal processing module adopts digital multimeter.
Further, described femto-second laser adopts femtosecond dye laser, femtosecond solid state laser, femtosecond semiconductor laser or femto second optical fiber laser.
Further, described electricity driving displacement platform is to adopt the high-resolution of the Silk Road Ka Jing machine company stepper motor driven.
The present invention solves another technical scheme that its technical matters adopts:
For measuring a method for femtosecond pulse time domain width, comprising:
S1, pulse laser beam is carried out to pulse center wavelength regulation and is divided into by beam splitter the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam;
S2, with reference to pulsed light beam and signal pulse light beam respectively by reference to overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system;
S3, according to the wavelength of reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, incide the incident angle on nonlinear crystal, calculate the phase matching angle that obtains nonlinear crystal;
S4, according to the phase matching angle obtaining, adopt electric angle displacement platform to adjust the angle of nonlinear crystal, thereby make nonlinear crystal meet that phase-matching condition produces and signal beams being irradiated on photodetector frequently;
Thereby S5, according to default sweep velocity driving parameter electricity driving displacement platform, move and drive reference beam regulating system to move around in the incident direction of reference pulse light beam, according to default sampling time interval, gather in real time the photocurrent that photodetector produces under the irradiation with frequency signal beams simultaneously;
S6, the photocurrent of Real-time Collection is carried out obtaining real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sending to control terminal after filtering, frequency stabilization and digitized processing, control terminal obtains after sampling time scale in conjunction with default sweep velocity parameter and default sampling time interval, according to real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sampling time scale drafting, obtains the autocorrelator trace between reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and this autocorrelator trace is carried out curve fitting;
The width of the autocorrelator trace after S7, acquisition matching, and then according to the relation between the full width at half maximum of the pulse laser beam of incident and the width of autocorrelator trace, calculate the time domain width of pulse laser beam.
Further, described electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module and mobile agent, described drive control module is connected with mobile agent and control terminal respectively, and described reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture, the 3rd catoptron and is arranged on the first catoptron and the second catoptron on mobile agent; Described flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the 7th catoptron; Described step S2, it is specially:
Overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal again after all reflecting by the pulsed light beam that after the 3rd aperture, the first catoptron and the second catoptron, antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron reflection and signal pulse light beam obtain successively after the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the reflection of the 7th catoptron successively with reference to pulsed light beam.
Further, described sweep velocity parameter comprises number of drive pulses per second, drives multiplying power and monopulse drive displacement amount, and described sampling time scale is calculated and obtained according to following formula:
Wherein, T represents sampling time scale, and m represents number of drive pulses per second, and N represents to drive multiplying power, S
0represent monopulse drive displacement amount, t
0represent default sampling time interval, c represents the light velocity.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: of the present invention a kind of for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, comprise femto-second laser, wavelength tuning device, the first aperture, beam splitter, reference light regulating system, flashlight regulating system, nonlinear crystal, second orifice diaphragm, photodetector, lock-in amplifier, signal processing module, control terminal, for controlling the electric angle displacement platform that nonlinear crystal rotates and the electricity driving displacement platform moving for controlling reference beam regulating system, this device is by being divided into by beam splitter the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same by pulse laser beam, be respectively after reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, by reference to overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system, it is produced and frequency signal beams respectively, then by photodetector collection and signal beams carry out sending to control terminal after signal processing frequently, and then can measure the time domain width of femtosecond pulse bundle to be measured.This device volume is little, cost is lower, easy to maintenance, measure that efficiency is high and to measure cost low, can be used for measuring the various small time intervals.
Another beneficial effect of the present invention is: of the present invention a kind of for measuring the method for femtosecond pulse time domain width, pulse laser beam is divided into the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same by beam splitter, be respectively after reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, by reference to overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system, it is produced and frequency signal beams respectively, thereby then according to default sweep velocity driving parameter electricity driving displacement platform, move and drive reference beam regulating system to move around in the incident direction of reference pulse light beam, simultaneously according to default sampling time interval gather in real time photodetector and the irradiation of signal beams frequently under the photocurrent that produces and process after obtain the autocorrelator trace between reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and this autocorrelator trace carried out curve fitting, and then can calculate according to the width of the autocorrelator trace after matching the time domain width of pulse laser beam, this method measurement efficiency is high and measurement cost is low, can measure the various small time intervals.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is of the present invention a kind of for measuring the structural representation of the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of autocorrelator trace, the autocorrelator trace after matching obtaining while adopting the method for measurement femtosecond pulse time domain width of the present invention to test the pulse laser beam of 1550nm and the pulse laser beam simulating;
Fig. 3 is the relation list between the full width at half maximum of pulse laser beam and the width of autocorrelator trace;
Fig. 4 is the index ellipsoid schematic diagram in nonlinear crystal;
Fig. 5 is the phase-matching condition list of nonlinear crystal in conllinear situation;
Fig. 6 is the momentum coupling schematic diagram non-linear and frequently process of nonlinear crystal in non-colinear situation;
Fig. 7 is the result of calculation of representative value of the phase matching angle of nonlinear crystal.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, comprise femto-second laser, wavelength tuning device, the first aperture 1, beam splitter 4, reference light regulating system, flashlight regulating system, nonlinear crystal 15, second orifice diaphragm 17, photodetector 18, lock-in amplifier 21, signal processing module 22, control terminal 23, for controlling the electric angle displacement platform 16 that nonlinear crystal 15 rotates and the electricity driving displacement platform moving for controlling reference beam regulating system, described femto-second laser also comprises timing delay generator 24,
The pulse laser beam that described femto-second laser sends is undertaken after pulse center wavelength regulation by wavelength tuning device, successively by being divided into the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same after the first aperture 1 and beam splitter 4, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, described reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam produce nonlinear crystal 15 and frequency signal beams by reference to overlapping being irradiated on nonlinear crystal 15 after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system respectively, be irradiated on photodetector 18 by second orifice diaphragm 17 with frequency signal beams, photodetector 18 produces photocurrent and is input to the current input terminal of lock-in amplifier 21 under the irradiation with frequency signal beams, the synchronous signal output end of the timing delay generator 24 of described femto-second laser is connected with the reference signal input end of lock-in amplifier 21, the output terminal of described lock-in amplifier 21 is connected with control terminal 23 by signal processing module 22,
Described electricity driving displacement platform and electric angle displacement platform 16 are all connected with control terminal.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module 19 and mobile agent 20, described drive control module 19 is connected with mobile agent 20 and control terminal 23 respectively, and described reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture 5, the 3rd catoptron 8 and is arranged on the first catoptron 6 and the second catoptron 7 on mobile agent 20;
Described flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture 9, the 4th catoptron 10, the 5th catoptron 11, the 6th catoptron 12 and the 7th catoptron 13, describedly for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, also comprises the 8th catoptron 14;
Described reference pulse light beam is successively by rear antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron 8 reflections of the 3rd aperture 5, the first catoptron 6 and the second catoptron 7, and the pulsed light beam that described signal pulse light beam obtains successively after the 4th aperture 9, the 4th catoptron 10, the 5th catoptron 11, the 6th catoptron 12 and the 7th catoptron 13 reflections is all irradiated to the 8th catoptron 14 and overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal 15 after the 8th catoptron 14 reflections.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, in the middle of described the first aperture 1 and beam splitter 4, be also disposed with half-wave plate 2 and Glan prism 3.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described photodetector 18 adopts silicon-based detector, and described signal processing module 22 adopts digital multimeter.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described femto-second laser adopts femtosecond dye laser, femtosecond solid state laser, femtosecond semiconductor laser or femto second optical fiber laser.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described electricity driving displacement platform is to adopt the high-resolution of the Silk Road Ka Jing machine company stepper motor driven.
It is a kind of for measuring the method for femtosecond pulse time domain width that the present invention also provides, and comprising:
S1, pulse laser beam is carried out to pulse center wavelength regulation and is divided into by beam splitter the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam;
S2, with reference to pulsed light beam and signal pulse light beam respectively by reference to overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system;
S3, according to the wavelength of reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, incide the incident angle on nonlinear crystal, calculate the phase matching angle that obtains nonlinear crystal;
S4, according to the phase matching angle obtaining, adopt electric angle displacement platform to adjust the angle of nonlinear crystal, thereby make nonlinear crystal meet that phase-matching condition produces and signal beams being irradiated on photodetector frequently;
Thereby S5, according to default sweep velocity driving parameter electricity driving displacement platform, move and drive reference beam regulating system to move around in the incident direction of reference pulse light beam, according to default sampling time interval, gather in real time the photocurrent that photodetector produces under the irradiation with frequency signal beams simultaneously;
S6, the photocurrent of Real-time Collection is carried out obtaining real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sending to control terminal after filtering, frequency stabilization and digitized processing, control terminal obtains after sampling time scale in conjunction with default sweep velocity parameter and default sampling time interval, according to real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sampling time scale drafting, obtains the autocorrelator trace between reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and this autocorrelator trace is carried out curve fitting;
The width of the autocorrelator trace after S7, acquisition matching, and then according to the relation between the full width at half maximum of the pulse laser beam of incident and the width of autocorrelator trace, calculate the time domain width of pulse laser beam.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module and mobile agent, described drive control module is connected with mobile agent and control terminal respectively, and described reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture, the 3rd catoptron and is arranged on the first catoptron and the second catoptron on mobile agent; Described flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the 7th catoptron; Described step S2, it is specially:
Overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal again after all reflecting by the pulsed light beam that after the 3rd aperture, the first catoptron and the second catoptron, antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron reflection and signal pulse light beam obtain successively after the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the reflection of the 7th catoptron successively with reference to pulsed light beam.
Be further used as preferred embodiment, described sweep velocity parameter comprises number of drive pulses per second, drives multiplying power and monopulse drive displacement amount, and described sampling time scale is calculated and obtained according to following formula:
Wherein, T represents sampling time scale, and m represents number of drive pulses per second, and N represents to drive multiplying power, S
0represent monopulse drive displacement amount, t
0represent default sampling time interval, c represents the light velocity.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment mono-
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, comprise femto-second laser, wavelength tuning device, the first aperture 1, beam splitter 4, reference light regulating system, flashlight regulating system, nonlinear crystal 15, second orifice diaphragm 17, photodetector 18, lock-in amplifier 21, signal processing module 22, control terminal 23, for controlling the electric angle displacement platform 16 that nonlinear crystal 15 rotates and the electricity driving displacement platform moving for controlling reference beam regulating system, femto-second laser also comprises timing delay generator 24;
The pulse laser beam that femto-second laser sends is undertaken after pulse center wavelength regulation by wavelength tuning device, successively by being divided into the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same after the first aperture 1 and beam splitter 4, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam produce nonlinear crystal 15 and frequency signal beams by reference to overlapping being irradiated on nonlinear crystal 15 after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system respectively, be irradiated on photodetector 18 by second orifice diaphragm 17 with frequency signal beams, photodetector 18 produces photocurrent and is input to the current input terminal of lock-in amplifier 21 under the irradiation with frequency signal beams, the synchronous signal output end of the timing delay generator 24 of femto-second laser is connected with the reference signal input end of lock-in amplifier 21, the output terminal of lock-in amplifier 21 is connected with control terminal 23 by signal processing module 22,
Electricity driving displacement platform and electric angle displacement platform 16 are all connected with control terminal.
Preferably, shown in Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module 19 and mobile agent 20, drive control module 19 is connected with mobile agent 20 and control terminal 23 respectively, and reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture 5, the 3rd catoptron 8 and is arranged on the first catoptron 6 and the second catoptron 7 on mobile agent 20; Mobile agent 20 and the first catoptron 6 and the second catoptron 7 that are arranged on mobile agent 20 form adjustable delay line 25, by regulating adjustable delay line can adjust the time delay of reference signal light beam;
Flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture 9, the 4th catoptron 10, the 5th catoptron 11, the 6th catoptron 12 and the 7th catoptron 13, and the device of this measurement femtosecond pulse time domain width also comprises the 8th catoptron 14;
Reference pulse light beam is successively by rear antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron 8 reflections of the 3rd aperture 5, the first catoptron 6 and the second catoptron 7, and the pulsed light beam that signal pulse light beam obtains successively after the 4th aperture 9, the 4th catoptron 10, the 5th catoptron 11, the 6th catoptron 12 and the 7th catoptron 13 reflections is all irradiated to the 8th catoptron 14 and overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal 15 after the 8th catoptron 14 reflections.Overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal 15 after pulsed light beam being reflected by the 8th catoptron 14, can in the situation that not carrying out lens focus, realize overlapping on nonlinear crystal 15 of pulsed light beam, can greatly reduce the laser power density on nonlinear crystal 15, raising can be measured the threshold value of laser power.
In the middle of the first aperture 1 and beam splitter 4, be also disposed with half-wave plate 2 and Glan prism 3, the effect of half-wave plate 2 is the plane of polarization rotations that make as the pulse laser beam of linearly polarized light, and Glan prism 3 can be divided into linearly polarized light pairwise orthogonal polarized light, therefore, half-wave plate 2 and Glan prism 3 coordinate the object of the energy that can reach regulating impulse laser beam.In general Experiments of Optics, thereby be generally to adopt attenuator to weaken the energy of the light intensity adjusting laser beam of laser beam, but in the femtosecond laser light path after femtosecond laser especially amplifies, attenuator tends to burn out because of the high power density of femtosecond laser, even damages in light path other optical element.In the present embodiment, be used in conjunction with 3 pairs of beam energies of half-wave plate 2 and Glan prism and control, unnecessary beam reflection can be left to light path, can not cause optic element damage, having improved can ranging pulse power.
Beam splitter 4 for by pulse laser beam equal proportion be divided into two bundle laser, be reference pulse light beam and the signal pulse light beam in the present embodiment, wherein the direction of propagation of reference pulse light beam is vertical with the direction of propagation of pulse laser beam before beam splitting, and the direction of propagation of signal pulse light beam is identical with the direction of propagation of pulse laser beam before beam splitting.
The first catoptron 6 and the second catoptron 7, the 3rd catoptron 8, the 4th catoptron 10, the 5th catoptron 11, the 6th catoptron 12 and the 7th catoptron 13 and the 8th catoptron 14 all adopt the special-purpose low dispersion catoptron of femtosecond, for changing the optical path direction of light beam, and can in wider wavelength coverage, guarantee that pulse dispersion can ignore, solved in measuring pulsewidth process because the pulse strenching that optical material dispersion causes distortion has guaranteed measurement result correctness.
Photodetector 18 adopts silicon-based detector, and is optimized for near-infrared band, at utmost guarantees wide wavelength coverage and the high sensitivity of photodetector 18.
Femto-second laser adopts femtosecond dye laser, femtosecond solid state laser, femtosecond semiconductor laser or femto second optical fiber laser, is generally used for the High Power Femtosecond Laser bundle that produces 4W, 800nm.Wavelength tuning device, for the pulse laser beam of femto-second laser transmitting is carried out to pulse center wavelength-modulated, carries out wavelength conversion, thereby obtains the pulse laser beam of specific wavelength.
Nonlinear crystal 15 is for generation of signals such as frequency multiplication and frequency, frequency triplings, in the present embodiment, adopt to be that two pulses light beam is overlapping be irradiated on nonlinear crystal 15 time its generation with frequency signal, in the present embodiment, nonlinear crystal 15 preferably adopts bbo crystal.Electric angle displacement platform 16 is made rotation response for the steering order sending according to control terminal 23, regulates the crystal inclination angle of nonlinear crystal 15, makes nonlinear crystal 15 meet phase-matching condition.
Electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module 19 and mobile agent 20, its drive control module 19 is connected with control terminal 23, for receiving the move of control terminal 23, thereby and make the mobile reference light regulating system of displacement response, the retardation that reference pulse light beam is changed with respect to signal pulse light beam.In the present embodiment, electricity driving displacement platform is to adopt the high-resolution of the Silk Road Ka Jing machine company stepper motor driven, it is the high-resolution stepper motor of drive control module 19 the Silk Road Ka Jing machine companies, employing resolution of electricity driving displacement platform in without segmentation situation is 1um, corresponding optical pulse delay resolution characteristic is about 3fs, and under 20 segmentations its resolution 0.1um, corresponding about 0.3fs.Therefore not only guarantee the high measurement resolution of electricity driving displacement platform, also do not needed calibration to measure.
Lock-in amplifier 21 can pass through the phase-locked function of phaselocked loop, make the phase preserving of synchronizing signal of timing delay generator 24 of the photo-signal of current input terminal input and the femto-second laser of reference signal input end input constant, and by photo-signal and synchronizing signal by multiplier and low-pass filter, can access stable output, remove noise, realize the detection of the light signal under characteristic frequency, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).The timing delay generator 24 of femto-second laser is used to lock-in amplifier 21 that synchronizing frequency is provided, for example, the frequency of the synchronizing signal of the timing delay generator 24 of femto-second laser is 1000Hz, the photocurrent that the light signal that lock-in amplifier 21 locking look-in frequencies are 1000Hz produces.
Signal processing module 22, for the signal of lock-in amplifier 21 outputs is carried out to digitized processing, can adopt A/D converter, and in the present embodiment, signal processing module 22 directly adopts digital multimeter to realize.
Embodiment bis-
For measuring a method for femtosecond pulse time domain width, comprising:
S1, pulse laser beam is carried out to pulse center wavelength regulation and is divided into by beam splitter the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam.
S2, with reference to pulsed light beam and signal pulse light beam respectively by reference to overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system;
In the present embodiment, electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module and mobile agent, drive control module is connected with mobile agent and control terminal respectively, and reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture, the 3rd catoptron and is arranged on the first catoptron and the second catoptron on mobile agent; Flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the 7th catoptron;
This step is specially:
Overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal again after all reflecting by the pulsed light beam that after the 3rd aperture, the first catoptron and the second catoptron, antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron reflection and signal pulse light beam obtain successively after the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the reflection of the 7th catoptron successively with reference to pulsed light beam.
S3, according to the wavelength of reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, incide the incident angle on nonlinear crystal, calculate the phase matching angle that obtains nonlinear crystal.
S4, according to the phase matching angle obtaining, adopt electric angle displacement platform to adjust the angle of nonlinear crystal, thereby make nonlinear crystal meet that phase-matching condition produces and signal beams being irradiated on photodetector frequently.
Thereby S5, according to default sweep velocity driving parameter electricity driving displacement platform, move and drive reference beam regulating system to move around in the incident direction of reference pulse light beam, according to default sampling time interval, gather in real time the photocurrent that photodetector produces under the irradiation with frequency signal beams simultaneously.The object that drives reference beam regulating system to move around in the incident direction of reference pulse light beam is: after making reference pulse light beam by reference to beam adjustment system, arrive nonlinear crystal and signal pulse light beam arrive after by flashlight regulating system optical path difference between nonlinear crystal meet gradually change from negative to positive, the trend of variation of a plurality of cycle.
S6, the photocurrent of Real-time Collection is carried out obtaining real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sending to control terminal after filtering, frequency stabilization and digitized processing, control terminal obtains after sampling time scale in conjunction with default sweep velocity parameter and default sampling time interval, according to real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sampling time scale drafting, obtains the autocorrelator trace between reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and this autocorrelator trace is carried out curve fitting;
Sweep velocity parameter comprises number of drive pulses per second, drives multiplying power and monopulse drive displacement amount, and sampling time scale is calculated and obtained according to following formula:
Wherein, T represents sampling time scale, and m represents number of drive pulses per second, and N represents to drive multiplying power, S
0represent monopulse drive displacement amount, t
0represent default sampling time interval, c represents the light velocity.
The width of the autocorrelator trace after S7, acquisition matching, and then according to the relation between the full width at half maximum of the pulse laser beam of incident and the width of autocorrelator trace, calculate the time domain width of pulse laser beam.
Fig. 2 is the device based on measurement femtosecond pulse time domain width of the present invention, the schematic diagram of autocorrelator trace, the autocorrelator trace after matching obtaining while adopting the method for measurement femtosecond pulse time domain width of the present invention to test the pulse laser beam of 1550nm and the pulse laser beam simulating;
This method is the time domain width of measuring femtosecond pulse of the intensity autocorrelation principle based on light beam, and a prerequisite of this method is that hypothesis femtosecond pulse to be measured is that the waveform of the pulse laser beam in the present invention is known.In fact, in most cases, the time domain shape of pulse laser beam is Gaussian.First this method measures under different time delay with photocurrent frequency signal beams and obtain the autocorrelator trace of experiment measuring after processing, then this autocorrelator trace is carried out curve fitting and obtains the autocorrelator trace after the matching of pulse laser beam, it is for the function of different time delay.From free-space optical transmission characteristic, the step-length of time delay is that the sampling time scale in this method is: 2 times of mobile speed * detector sampling time interval/free space light velocity c of * scanning of the displacement of electricity driving displacement platform.There is sampling time scale, just can obtain autocorrelator trace, and then carry out curve fitting, thereby determine the full width at half maximum FWHM of autocorrelator trace, the △ τ in Fig. 3 namely, the corresponding relation that refers again to Fig. 3 just can obtain the i.e. △ t in figure of full width at half maximum FWHM of the pulse laser beam of incident, has also just completed the measurement of the time domain width of pulse laser beam.Here, autocorrelator trace is carried out curve fitting, according to existing curve level, carry out curve fitting, for example, adopt the Curve Fitting Toolbox of Matlab software or the curve instrument of Origin software to carry out curve fitting.The object of matching is to revise the waveform of autocorrelator trace, and for example the time domain shape of pulse laser beam is Gaussian, it is carried out curve fitting after measuring its autocorrelator trace, makes the autocorrelator trace after matching more approach Gaussian.
The principle of foundation of the present invention is specific as follows:
In nonlinear crystal, only allow light to propagate therein with two special permission polarization states, i.e. ordinary light o light, polarization direction vertical with optical axis-wave vector plane with extraordinary ray e light, polarization direction and optical axis-wave vector plane are coplanar.Nonlinear crystal in this patent adopts BBO β phase-BBO Crystal, its have the wavelength band of phase matching wide, can see through the advantages such as wavelength band is wide, frequency-doubling conversion efficiency is high.BBO belongs to uniaxial negative crystal, by Si Nieer equation, calculates o optical refractive index n
o, e optical refractive index n
e, the unit of following formula medium wavelength λ is μ m:
n
o 2＝2.7359+0.01878/(λ
2-0.01822)-0.01354λ
2
n
e 2＝2.3753+0.01224/(λ
2-0.01667)-0.01516λ
2
Set the wavelength X of pulse to be measured, by above formula, can calculate n
oand n
e; As shown in Figure 4, n herein
oand n
erefractive index corresponding to diaxon that refers to crystal refractive index ellipsoid.In fact, the refractive index of e light is the function of the angle theta of its wave vector and optical axis:
Can find out, change the angle theta of wave vector and optical axis, just can change e optical index.Under collinear condition, phase-matching condition as shown in Figure 5.In addition, with reference to Fig. 6, the phase-matching condition under the non-colinear condition that this patent adopts in situation meets vector correlation:
In this patent, because lambda1-wavelength is identical, therefore k
1=k
2, ω
3=2 ω
1.Above formula can further be expressed as:
In above formula, the corresponding incident light light frequency of ω, c is vacuum light speed.When incident light angle is α, when compute vectors is related to, can utilize the mathematical cosine law:
By incident light frequency ω, calculate refractive index n (ω
1), further obtain wave vector k
1, substitution above formula obtains emergent light wave vector k
3, more further calculate n (ω
3), the e light wave arrow now calculating and the angle theta between optical axis are phase matching angle.Calculated phase matching angle, also just obtained the inclination angle of laying of nonlinear crystal, the inclination angle that can adjust nonlinear crystal makes it meet phase-matching condition.
In fact, incident light angle α, incident light polarization state, lambda1-wavelength λ separately
1, emergent light wavelength X
2deng all, can exert an influence to the phase matching angle of nonlinear crystal, but for convenient typical case's application, the present invention arranges part default value, as set angle α=5 ° between incident beam, it is o light that incident light is horizontal polarization light, therefore emergent light is that vertical polarized light is e light, obtains the phase matching angle that can calculate nonlinear crystal after incident light wavelength and incident angle.
Correspond in device of the present invention, only need the initial stage to carry out a light path adjustment and nonlinear crystal calibration installation, and be set as after initial position, before each measurement, with regard to no longer needing, manually carry out the work such as light path adjustment, crystalline phase coupling angular adjustment, can realize the experiment measuring of robotization.The result of calculation of the representative value of phase matching angle as shown in Figure 7.
More than that better enforcement of the present invention is illustrated, but the invention is not limited to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art also can make all equivalent variations or replacement under the prerequisite without prejudice to spirit of the present invention, and the modification that these are equal to or replacement are all included in the application's claim limited range.
Claims (9)
1. one kind for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, it is characterized in that, comprise femto-second laser, wavelength tuning device, the first aperture (1), beam splitter (4), reference light regulating system, flashlight regulating system, nonlinear crystal (15), second orifice diaphragm (17), photodetector (18), lock-in amplifier (21), signal processing module (22), control terminal (23), be used for controlling the electric angle displacement platform (16) that nonlinear crystal (15) rotates and the electricity driving displacement platform moving for controlling reference beam regulating system, described femto-second laser also comprises timing delay generator (24),
The pulse laser beam that described femto-second laser sends is undertaken after pulse center wavelength regulation by wavelength tuning device, successively by being divided into the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same after the first aperture (1) and beam splitter (4), be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, described reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam produce nonlinear crystal (15) and frequency signal beams by reference to overlapping being irradiated on nonlinear crystal (15) after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system respectively, be irradiated on photodetector (18) by second orifice diaphragm (17) with frequency signal beams, photodetector (18) produces photocurrent and is input to the current input terminal of lock-in amplifier (21) under the irradiation with frequency signal beams, the synchronous signal output end of the timing delay generator (24) of described femto-second laser is connected with the reference signal input end of lock-in amplifier (21), the output terminal of described lock-in amplifier (21) is connected with control terminal (23) by signal processing module (22),
Described electricity driving displacement platform and electric angle displacement platform (16) are all connected with control terminal.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, it is characterized in that, described electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module (19) and mobile agent (20), described drive control module (19) is connected with mobile agent (20) and control terminal (23) respectively, and described reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture (5), the 3rd catoptron (8) and is arranged on the first catoptron (6) and the second catoptron (7) on mobile agent (20);
Described flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture (9), the 4th catoptron (10), the 5th catoptron (11), the 6th catoptron (12) and the 7th catoptron (13), describedly for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, also comprises the 8th catoptron (14);
Described reference pulse light beam is successively by antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron (8) reflection after the 3rd aperture (5), the first catoptron (6) and the second catoptron (7), and the pulsed light beam that described signal pulse light beam obtains successively after the 4th aperture (9), the 4th catoptron (10), the 5th catoptron (11), the 6th catoptron (12) and the reflection of the 7th catoptron (13) is all irradiated to the 8th catoptron (14) and overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal (15) after the 8th catoptron (14) reflection.
3. according to claim 1 a kind ofly it is characterized in that for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, in the middle of described the first aperture (1) and beam splitter (4), be also disposed with half-wave plate (2) and Glan prism (3).
4. according to claim 1 a kind ofly it is characterized in that for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, described photodetector (18) adopts silicon-based detector, and described signal processing module (22) adopts digital multimeter.
5. according to claim 1 a kind ofly it is characterized in that for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, described femto-second laser adopts femtosecond dye laser, femtosecond solid state laser, femtosecond semiconductor laser or femto second optical fiber laser.
6. according to claim 1 a kind ofly it is characterized in that for measuring the device of femtosecond pulse time domain width, described electricity driving displacement platform is to adopt the high-resolution of the Silk Road Ka Jing machine company stepper motor driven.
7. for measuring a method for femtosecond pulse time domain width, it is characterized in that, comprising:
S1, pulse laser beam is carried out to pulse center wavelength regulation and is divided into by beam splitter the pulse laser beam that two bundles are the same, be respectively reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam;
S2, with reference to pulsed light beam and signal pulse light beam respectively by reference to overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal after light regulating system and flashlight regulating system;
S3, according to the wavelength of reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam, incide the incident angle on nonlinear crystal, calculate the phase matching angle that obtains nonlinear crystal;
S4, according to the phase matching angle obtaining, adopt electric angle displacement platform to adjust the angle of nonlinear crystal, thereby make nonlinear crystal meet that phase-matching condition produces and signal beams being irradiated on photodetector frequently;
Thereby S5, according to default sweep velocity driving parameter electricity driving displacement platform, move and drive reference beam regulating system to move around in the incident direction of reference pulse light beam, according to default sampling time interval, gather in real time the photocurrent that photodetector produces under the irradiation with frequency signal beams simultaneously;
S6, the photocurrent of Real-time Collection is carried out obtaining real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sending to control terminal after filtering, frequency stabilization and digitized processing, control terminal obtains after sampling time scale in conjunction with default sweep velocity parameter and default sampling time interval, according to real-time digital magnitude of voltage and sampling time scale drafting, obtains the autocorrelator trace between reference pulse light beam and signal pulse light beam and this autocorrelator trace is carried out curve fitting;
The width of the autocorrelator trace after S7, acquisition matching, and then according to the relation between the full width at half maximum of the pulse laser beam of incident and the width of autocorrelator trace, calculate the time domain width of pulse laser beam.
8. according to claim 7 a kind of for measuring the method for femtosecond pulse time domain width, it is characterized in that, described electricity driving displacement platform comprises drive control module and mobile agent, described drive control module is connected with mobile agent and control terminal respectively, and described reference light regulating system comprises the 3rd aperture, the 3rd catoptron and is arranged on the first catoptron and the second catoptron on mobile agent; Described flashlight regulating system comprises the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the 7th catoptron; Described step S2, it is specially:
Overlapping inciding on nonlinear crystal again after all reflecting by the pulsed light beam that after the 3rd aperture, the first catoptron and the second catoptron, antiparallel the pulsed light beam that returns and obtain after the 3rd catoptron reflection and signal pulse light beam obtain successively after the 4th aperture, the 4th catoptron, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron and the reflection of the 7th catoptron successively with reference to pulsed light beam.
9. according to claim 8 a kind of for measuring the method for femtosecond pulse time domain width, it is characterized in that, described sweep velocity parameter comprises number of drive pulses per second, drives multiplying power and monopulse drive displacement amount, and described sampling time scale is calculated and obtained according to following formula:
Wherein, T represents sampling time scale, and m represents number of drive pulses per second, and N represents to drive multiplying power, S
0represent monopulse drive displacement amount, t
0represent default sampling time interval, c represents the light velocity.
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