CN104121333B - 风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱 - Google Patents

风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱 Download PDF

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CN104121333B
CN104121333B CN201410285569.7A CN201410285569A CN104121333B CN 104121333 B CN104121333 B CN 104121333B CN 201410285569 A CN201410285569 A CN 201410285569A CN 104121333 B CN104121333 B CN 104121333B
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吴声震
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Nanjing Zhitian Mechanical And Electrical Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2526—Direct drives or gear boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
    • F16H57/0415—Air cooling or ventilation; Heat exchangers; Thermal insulations
    • F16H57/0416—Air cooling or ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0482—Gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02086—Measures for reducing size of gearbox, e.g. for creating a more compact transmission casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02091—Measures for reducing weight of gearbox

Abstract

本发明涉及塑料挤出机专用减速技术领域，一种风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱，包括箱体、内置圆筒及装置在内置圆筒内的差动与准行星部件，其特征在于：箱体侧面装有一轴流式风机F，箱体顶部装有一排风量可以调节的排风窗P，内置圆筒法兰与箱体输出端端面联接，内置圆筒带散热筋一侧置于箱体内与箱体间形成风冷空腔，其置于箱体外的另一侧圆筒端面联接塑料挤出机料筒，内置圆筒的输入端联接圆筒端盖，圆筒端盖输入端外圆与箱体输入端内孔紧配，圆筒端盖输入端面与箱体输入端的圆端面用同一圆环盘联接。技术效果：承载力大、体积小、重量轻、可靠性高；计算表明：重量轻40‑55％；风冷结构简单，因而控制、调节方便、可靠性高、制造成本低。

Description

风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱
【技术领域】
本发明涉及塑料挤出机专用减速技术领域，是现有技术ZLYJ型平行轴硬齿面塑料挤出机专用减速机的改进，一种风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱。
【背景技术】
现有技术ZLYJ型塑料挤出机专用减速机，是ZLY型两级平行轴硬齿面齿轮减速器设置推力轴承、用以承受塑料机螺杆轴向力的改进机型，是国内最大减速机民营企业国茂减速机集团于2010.6推出的主打专用减速机产品，公司称：“ZLYJ型塑料挤出机专用减速机具有体积小、承载力高、传动平稳、噪声低、效率高等特点。”据减速机行业资料统计，ZLYJ型塑料挤出机专用减速机，是现有国内市场估有量最大、仿造厂家最多的专用减速机产品之一。
研究发现，ZLYJ型塑料挤出机专用减速机存在下述两大问题：
(一)减速机前端联接的塑料筒中螺杆处于高温状态，导致减速机箱内油温上升，因而必需设置强制油循环冷却装置，以至额外增加了制造成本与增加了整机重量；
(二)平行轴传动的轻量化程度比行星传动低，行星传动包括行星与少齿差(渐开线与摆线)两大类。行星传动轻量化程度高的理论解释见于下述权威专著：
(1)《齿轮手册》(1-4页)：“行星传动替代了一批平行轴结构传动形式，这是因为行星传动采用数个行星轮同时传递负荷，并利用了内啮合的组合形式，因而具有承载力高、体积小、重量轻、效率高、噪声小等优点。”
(2)朱孝录《齿轮传动设计手册》660页：“行星传动与定轴轮系相比，具有体积小、重量轻、传动比范围大、效率高和工作平稳等优点。行星传动替代了一批平行轴结构传动形式，这是因为行星传动采用数个行星轮同时传递负荷，并利用了内啮合的组合形式，因而具有承载力高、体积小、重量轻、效率高、噪声小等优点。”
(3)颜思健《渐开线行星齿轮传动设计与制造》：“渐开线行星齿轮传动与普通定轴齿轮传动相比，具有承载能力大、体积小、效率高、重量轻、噪声小、可靠性高、寿命长、便于维修等优点，...行星传动的箱体比普通定轴齿轮传动的箱体在同样条件下，其重量要小好几倍，因为行星传动箱体外廓尺寸比普通定轴齿轮传动的箱体小很多。”
【发明内容】 本发明目的提供用气流冷却替代强制油冷却装置以降低制造成本、用功率多分流的差动行星传动，取代现有ZLYJ平行轴传动，一种风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱。为实现上述目的，其技术实施方案如下：
本发明在以现代差动行星传动组合轮系理论为基础，结合气流冷却散热及联接方式等公知常识，构成了本发明申请所要求保护的的权利要求。
采用轴流风机冷却技术手段的理论依据：《齿轮传动设计手册》972页指出：“行星齿轮减速器相对体积和表面散热面积大为减小，由于平衡温度仍然很高，承载能力受热功率限制，...采取辅助冷却散热装置以提高热功率。”热功率公式：P＝Bref·BV·BA·BT·PQ(kW)(式中：Bref-环境温度修正系数、BV-空气流速修正系数、BA-海拔高度修正系数、BT-最高油温修正系数)，根据朱孝录《齿轮传动设计手册》979页表8-47周围空气流速的修正系数BV，提高减速器热功率的唯一能做的是增大气流流速：当空气流速v≥3.8m/s时，修正系数BV＝1.90，比v＝0.5～1.4m/s时BV＝1.0提高了近一倍，亦即热功率P提高了一倍。
据查：上海国衡电机公司的145FZY型轴流风机风量330m3/hr.、150FZY型轴流风机风量459m3/hr.，经计算风速分别为5.55m/s与7.6m/s，风速均≥3.8m/s。
差动行星传动理论计算如下表
实施的技术手段：
所述箱体侧面装有一轴流式风机F，箱体顶部装有一排风窗P；
所述箱体输出端的端面上联接内置圆筒法兰，所述内置圆筒带散热筋一侧置于箱体内与箱体间形成冷却空腔，其置于箱体外的另一侧圆筒端面联接塑料挤出机料筒；
所述内置圆筒的输入端联接圆筒端盖，所述圆筒端盖输入端外圆与箱体输入端内孔紧配，所述圆筒端盖输入端面与箱体输入端的圆端面用同一圆环盘联接，使内置圆筒与圆筒端盖联接件分别紧固在箱体两侧面。
【有益效果】各单独技术特征虽然完全已知，但彼此互相支持，并且能产生下述为本领域技术人员所知的有益技术效果，因为这实际上是行星传动与平行轴传动比较所产生的技术效果：
(1)承载力大、体积小、效率高、重量轻、可靠性高；
(2)计算表明：重量轻40-55％；(2)气流冷却结构简单，可靠性高、制造成本低。
附：本发明与现有技术ZLYJ型减速器外形及重量比较表
【附图说明】 图1.本发明实施例结构示意图
图2.本发明实施例箱体1设轴流式风机F与排风窗P的结构示意图
【具体实施方式】 下面结合附图对本发明详加描述：
参照图1.一种风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱，包括箱体1、内置圆筒2及装置在内置圆筒2内的差动部件与准行星部件，所述差动部件包括太阳轮轴18、行星轮10、星轮轴11、第一内齿圈及行星架19，所述准行星部件包括准太阳轮15、准行星轮13、准星轮轴14、第二内齿圈及准行星架20，行星架19内花键与准太阳轮15外花键联接，所述准太阳轮15连同行星架19空套在太阳轮轴18上，所述准行星架20)紧固在圆筒端盖9上，所述第一、二内齿圈齿数、模数相等是由内齿圈12插齿而成，内齿圈12联接在输出轴8上，输出轴8轴颈用第一轴承3支承在内置圆筒2内孔，所述第一轴承3之前设有轴承座7，所述轴承座7内孔与推力滚子轴承4的外圈配合，所述推力滚子轴承4的内圈外侧端面由推力圆筒5限位，推力圆筒5套在输出轴8上，推力圆筒5的轴向由圆环盖6限位，内置圆筒2输出端面上顺次联接轴承座7与圆环盖6，输出轴8输出端内孔联接挤出机螺杆尾部，太阳轮轴18用第二轴承16支承在圆筒端盖9内孔，其特征在于：
所述箱体1侧面装有一轴流式风机F，箱体1顶部装有一排风窗P；
所述箱体1输出端的端面上联接内置圆筒2法兰，所述内置圆筒2带散热筋一侧置于箱体1内与箱体间形成气流冷却空腔，置于箱体1外的另一侧圆筒端面联接塑料挤出机料筒，用强风冷却内置圆筒中传动件的温升，其技术效果是结构简单、成本低及控温可靠；
所述内置圆筒2的输入端联接圆筒端盖9，所述圆筒端盖9输入端外圆与箱体1输入端内孔紧配，所述圆筒端盖9输入端面与箱体1输入端的圆端面用同一圆环盘17联接，使内置圆筒2与圆筒端盖9联接件分别紧固在箱体1两侧面。
上述实施例是对本发明的说明，不是对本发明的限定，任何对本发明简单变换后的方案均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种风冷式塑料挤出机差动行星减速箱，包括箱体(1)、内置圆筒(2)及装置在内置圆筒(2)内的差动部件与准行星部件，所述差动部件包括太阳轮轴(18)、行星轮(10)、星轮轴(11)、第一内齿圈及行星架(19)，所述准行星部件包括准太阳轮(15)、准行星轮(13)、准星轮轴(14)、第二内齿圈及准行星架(20)，行星架(19)内花键与准太阳轮(15)外花键联接，所述准太阳轮(15)连同行星架(19)空套在太阳轮轴(18)上，所述准行星架(20)紧固在圆筒端盖(9)上，所述第一、二内齿圈齿数、模数相等是由内齿圈(12)插齿而成，内齿圈(12)联接在输出轴(8)上，输出轴(8)轴颈用第一轴承(3)支承在内置圆筒(2)内孔，所述第一轴承(3)之前设有轴承座(7)，所述轴承座(7)内孔与推力滚子轴承(4)的外圈配合，所述推力滚子轴承(4)的内圈外侧端面由推力圆筒(5)限位，推力圆筒(5)套在输出轴(8)上，推力圆筒(5)的轴向由圆环盖(6)限位，内置圆筒(2)输出端面上顺次联接轴承座(7)与圆环盖(6)，输出轴(8)输出端内孔联接挤出机螺杆尾部，太阳轮轴(18)用第二轴承(16)支承在圆筒端盖(9)内孔，其特征在于：
所述箱体(1)侧面装有一轴流式风机(F)，箱体(1)顶部装有一排风窗(P)；
所述箱体(1)输出端的端面上联接内置圆筒(2)法兰，所述内置圆筒(2)带散热筋一侧置于箱体(1)内与箱体间形成气流冷却空腔，置于箱体(1)外的另一侧圆筒端面联接塑料挤出机料筒；
所述内置圆筒(2)的输入端联接圆筒端盖(9)，所述圆筒端盖(9)输入端外圆与箱体(1)输入端内孔紧配，所述圆筒端盖(9)输入端面与箱体(1)输入端的圆端面用同一圆环盘(17)联接，使内置圆筒(2)与圆筒端盖(9)联接件分别紧固在箱体(1)两侧面。
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