CN104110009B - A kind of water body purification leakage preventing structure and method - Google Patents
A kind of water body purification leakage preventing structure and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104110009B CN104110009B CN201410356034.4A CN201410356034A CN104110009B CN 104110009 B CN104110009 B CN 104110009B CN 201410356034 A CN201410356034 A CN 201410356034A CN 104110009 B CN104110009 B CN 104110009B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of water body purification leakage preventing structure and method, adopt the form of structure of composite material antiseepage, and add phosphobacteria and nitrobacteria, to promote the fixing of N in water body, P element, while reducing the organic matter in water, also improve water quality.Meanwhile, by the compound action of multilayer impervious material, while antiseepage, do not hinder gas exchanges, the oxygen in soil is discharged in water body, increase Dissolved Oxygen in Water content, improve water body self-purification ability.This ventilation anti-seepage structure makes full use of each material property advantage, in and drawback, reduce construction costs, improve the ecological effect of water body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of purification leakage preventing structure and method, specifically relating to purification leakage preventing structure and the method for a kind of artificial water and natural water, particularly relating to a kind of to preventing nitrogen P elements in water permeation loss, increase Dissolved Oxygen in Water concentration and reduction water body to have water body purification leakage preventing structure and the method for clear superiority.
Background technology
China is the poor country of world water resources, and gross amount of water resources is 28,000,000,000,000 m
3, freshwater resources are only 1/4 of world's quantity per capita per capita, occupy the 109th, the world, and China has been put into the whole world one of water resource 13 poor-water countries per capita.And China's distribution of water resources is uneven, a large amount of freshwater resources concentrate on south, and northern freshwater resources only have 1/4 of southern freshwater resources.The urban water supply of current China is based on surface water or underground water, or two kinds of water sources are used in combination, some city, because of underground water exhaustive exploitation, has caused groundwater table to decline, and the large funnel of some urban formations hundreds of square kilometre, makes inwelling dozens of kilometres.And due to the discharge wantonly of industrial wastewater, cause the surface water of China more than 80%, pollution that underground water is subject in various degree.
In today that water resource is day by day in short supply, " increase income, throttling " is the effective measures that country solves water resources crisis.The loss mainly seepage of current China surface water resources.According to incompletely statistics, leakage has accounted for about 80% of water body loss.Therefore the antiseepage of water body should be the most important thing in " throttling " measure.
Also there is the problems such as water quality deterioration in various degree at present in nature and artificial water in addition, makes water body can not play its function such as view, ecology, had a strong impact on surrounding environment, and cause a large amount of wastes of water resource.At present, the effect of artificial lake is no longer build to make scape, ecological functions are more and more outstanding, but the rareness of the regional rainfall had and Seasonal Distribution, groundwater table compared with low, evaporation capacity large, the infltration intensity of soil is higher, supplementing of artificial lake water resource more can only rely on municipal middle water, tap water, river lake water etc.Add so unintentionally the waste of social resources.Therefore the antiseepage in artificial swamp or part river course, lake is absolutely necessary.
But conventional seepage control project has blocked the circulation of ground vapour while preventing seepage, destroys original ecosystem, thus antiseepage and connect ground vapour seepage control system research imperative.Current seepage control technique, usual existence opposing frost heaving failure ability, easily generation crack and displacement etc. problem, use the material such as stone material, concrete, intercept the connection up and down of ground vapour, intercept upper and lower hydraulic connection, decreased water body oxygen content, reduce self-purification of water function, cause water quality deterioration, region environment is seriously damaged.Therefore, select Novel seepage material, adopt supporting engineering section and structure, implement supporting construction method, to the antiseepage of the surface water resourcess such as river and to improve water ecological setting significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of can the seepage loss of anti-sealing, Dissolved Oxygen in Water concentration can be increased again, reduce water body purification leakage preventing structure and the method for nitrogen and phosphorus content in water body.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of water body purification leakage preventing structure, described structure comprise successively from lower to upper in vertical direction degree of compaction be not less than 90% soil matrix, basic unit, bed course, impervious barrier, purifying layer, topping and surface layer; Wherein, zeolite, phosphobacteria, the nitrobacteria mixed layer of described purifying layer to be thickness be 2 ~ 15cm, described topping is that specification is higher than 70g/m
2, thickness is greater than 0.8mm, the nonwoven layer of fabric width 4 ~ 6 meters or 2 ~ 80 existing medium-sand seam in object river course or back fill course, layer of gravel.
Preferably, described soil matrix is the original soil that degree of compaction is not less than 90%.
Preferably, described basic unit is middle layer of sand, coarse sands layer or both mixed layers.
Preferably, described bed course is fine sand layer, and the thickness altogether of described bed course and basic unit is 2 ~ 8cm.
Preferably, described impervious barrier is the mixed layer of soil-solidified-agent and the composition of proportions of 1:5 ~ 15 by volume of ventilation anti-seepage sand, and the thickness of described impervious barrier is 1 ~ 4cm.
Preferably, described purifying layer is the mixed layer of phosphobacteria, nitrobacteria, zeolite 1 ~ 3:1 by weight ~ 3:50 ~ 100 formation.
Preferably, described surface layer is mated formation planting soil or building block or gravel, and described surface layer also comprises the mixture layer of planting soil, gravel, both building blocks or three.
Preferably, described impervious barrier also comprises GCL or clay.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water body purification anti-permeation method, described method comprises the steps:
A, preparation of construction: place cleaning, arrange and control stake and control mark, arrange temporary drainage facility;
B, soil treatment: by designing requirement excavation and backfill, afterwards bottom compacting and side slope soil matrix, degree of compaction is not less than 90%;
C, base layer construction: base material adopts medium sand or coarse sand, or the basic unit's soil adopting excavation or backfill, through screening out more than 1cm larger particles, and adopt mechanical ramming, degree of compaction is not less than 90%;
D, cushion construction: adopt fine sand to pave, construct dorsad;
E, impervious barrier are constructed: adopt the construction of itemize method, proportionally mixed by soil-solidified-agent, pave afterwards equably on predetermined width, flat surface with ventilation anti-seepage sand;
F, purifying layer are constructed: phosphobacteria, nitrobacteria, zeolite are proportionally mixed, pave equably on impervious barrier afterwards;
G, topping are constructed: topping adopts medium coarse sand, and thickness is no less than 30cm, shakeouts and suitably tamps;
H, surface construction: surface layer lays planting soil or gravel or building block equably, or planting soil, gravel, both building blocks three mixing.
Preferably, in described step G, if when geotextiles selected by topping, adopt nature overlap joint, welding and sew up three kinds of methods and be connected.
Based on technique scheme, advantage of the present invention is:
A kind of water body purification leakage preventing structure of the present invention and method, tool has the following advantages:
(1) while antiseepage water conservation, there is respiratory function, be beneficial to plant growth;
(2) connect ground vapour, increase Dissolved Oxygen in Water, solve retaining and to go bad a difficult problem;
(3) Promethean increase purifying layer, biological and physics synergy, does not add medicament, process heavy metal, N, P element, and purification process is more ecological;
(4) composite construction acting in conjunction, reaches the multiple effect of antiseepage-ventilative-water purification-oxygenation;
(5) construction method is easy, the duration is short, instant effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and form a application's part, schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is water body leakage preventing structure combination schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is water body leakage preventing structure sectional schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1 ~ soil matrix; 2 ~ basic unit; 3 ~ bed course; 4 ~ impervious barrier; 5 ~ purifying layer; 6 ~ topping; 7 ~ surface layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention provides a kind of water body purification leakage preventing structure, described structure comprise successively from lower to upper in vertical direction degree of compaction be not less than 90% soil matrix (1), basic unit (2), bed course (3), impervious barrier (4), purifying layer (5), topping (6) and surface layer (7).
Wherein each layer structure and act on as described below:
1) soil matrix 1---soil matrix 1 is generally original soil, and soil matrix 1 must be closely knit, flawless, even, stable, smooth, and degree of compaction is not less than 90%.
2) basic unit 2---basic unit 2 is generally middle layer of sand, coarse sands layer or both mixed layers, plays levelling and protective effect.
3) bed course 3---bed course 3 generally adopts fine sand to lay, and it is 2 ~ 8cm that described basic unit 2 and bed course 3 amount to thickness, and the gradient situation according to soil matrix 1 is carried out smooth, and gauge allowable variation is less than 1cm.
4) impervious barrier 4---described impervious barrier 4 adopts volume ratio to be that the ratio of 1:5 ~ 15 mixes by soil-solidified-agent and ventilation anti-seepage sand, and without the need to adding water, thickness is 1 ~ 4cm, and lay evenly, gauge allowable variation is less than ± 0.5cm.
5) purifying layer 5---be made up of zeolite and phosphobacteria, nitrobacteria, wherein phosphobacteria: nitrobacteria: zeolite adopts 1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3:50 ~ 100 (weight ratio), thickness 5 ~ 8cm, the heavy metal, N element, the P element that act as in absorption, fixing water body of purifying layer 5, reach the effect of purifying water body.
6) topping 6---described topping 6 adopts non-woven fabrics, and specification is not less than 70g/m
2, thickness is not less than 0.8mm, fabric width 4 ~ 6 meters; Or adopt the existing medium coarse sand in river course, select 4.75 ~ 0.3mm (4 ~ 50 order) husky, namely maximum particle diameter is no more than 4.75mm in principle; Or adopt backfill, gravel etc.
7) surface layer 7---surface layer 7 is mated formation planting soil, and thickness is not less than 35cm, and soil property should be beneficial to the growth of design water plant; Or building block of mating formation, thickness is not less than 6cm, good looking appearance; Or gravel of mating formation, thickness is not less than 20cm.
Further, described impervious barrier 4 also comprises GCL or clay.
Preferably, described GCL is by clamp high-quality sodium bentonite between two layers of geosynthetics, is composited by boundling acupuncture.It has following advantage:
1. antiseepage is good: its permeability is 5 × 10
-11below m/s, is better than the impervious effect of 1 meter of thick clay compaction.
2. timeliness is long: because Na-bentonite soil series natural inorganic material, even if experience is long-time or surrounding environment changes, also aging or corrosion phenomenon can not occur, therefore water resistance is lasting.
3. intensity is high: pliability is excellent, and make its resistance to overturning good, tensile strength is high, can adapt to different terrain, the particularly distortion that causes of sedimentation.
4. selfreparing: have good oneself and keep and self-regeneration performance, can self-regeneration for local failure, is not afraid of aquatic plant root system and punctures, can self-repair about 2mm crack.
5. construction easily: compare with other waterproofing materialss, and construction is relatively simple, do not need heating and paste.Only need carry out being connected and fixing with swell soil powder and nail, packing ring etc.Special inspection is not needed, if find that waterproof defect is also easily keeped in repair after construction.GCL be in existing waterproofing materials the construction period the shortest.
6. scope is wide: do not affect by temperature: also can not brittle failure under cold climate conditions.
7. environmental protection: because swell soil is natural inorganic mineral matter, to human body and environmentally friendly, belongs to high-quality environment-friendly waterproof material, and there will not be aging, reach more than 50 years application life.
GCL is compared with ventilation anti-seepage sand constructability, cheap, but air permeable effect is poor.
Preferably, described clay is a kind of hydrous alumino silicates mineral matter, is a kind of small crystal, has certain viscosity.After clay mineral water is moistening, there is plasticity, can be out of shape under less pressure and can maintain the original state for a long time, and specific area is large, with elecrtonegativity on particle, therefore there are good physical adsorbability and chemical mobility of the surface, there is the ability with other cation exchange.
Clay core is one of traditional impervious form, have gather materials on the spot, simple and easy, the construction quality of constructing is easy to the features such as control.Owing to having the characteristic of automatic depression consolidation in water, constructional deficiency can be made automatically to heal, and the frost-heaving deformation on basis can be adapted to, the frost heave crack of generation can in Spring Freeze-thawing process clear-cutting forestland.
Clay is in ventilation anti-seepage sand and these three kinds of materials of GCL, and construction cheaply degree, price height and air permeable effect all mediates, and resultant effect is better.Meanwhile, clay is pollution-free, useful to the plant growth of surrounding.This method process of bank, does not block the interchange of surrounding material, favourable to the ecological environment of surrounding.
Present invention also offers a kind of water body purification anti-permeation method, described method has been used for above-mentioned water body purification leakage preventing structure, and its concrete steps are as follows:
A, preparation of construction: be familiar with drawing, place cleaning, arranges and controls stake and control mark, carry out temporary drainage facility.
B, soil matrix 1 process: adopt machinery or hand excavation or backfill, and excavation and the backfill degree of depth meet design requirement, and the soil block being greater than 10cm during backfill should be smashed, and the rubble being greater than 5cm should be removed; Adopt mechanical ramming soil matrix, degree of compaction is not less than 90%; Side slope adopts small-sized machine compacting, and degree of compaction is not less than 90%.
C, basic unit 2 construct: base material adopts medium sand or coarse sand, and moisture content is less than 3%, and maximum particle diameter is no more than 4.75mm; Or adopt basic unit's soil of excavation or backfill, through screening out more than 1cm larger particles, and adopt mechanical ramming, degree of compaction is not less than 90%; Basic unit 2 thickness is 2 ~ 4cm.
D, bed course 3 are constructed: adopt fine sand to pave, thickness 3 ~ 5cm, direction of advance of should constructing dorsad in construction, avoid disturbance to have paved bed course.
E, impervious barrier 4 are constructed: according to the construction of itemize method, namely push up at the bottom of slope along slope or bottom surface longitudinally complete according to the construction of 2 ~ 3m width, transverse translation is constructed according to the method described above; Pave according to artificial, land leveller or other suitable facility equably on predetermined width by ventilation anti-seepage sand, surface should be smooth; If during synchronous construction, the overlap joint problem of impervious barrier 4, antiseepage topping 6 be considered.Impervious barrier 4, purifying layer 5, topping 6 will successively launch, so that the overlap joint of each layer, lap width is reserved is of a size of 10 ~ 15cm.
F, purifying layer 5 are constructed: by phosphobacteria: nitrobacteria: the purification bulk cargo that zeolite has proportionally mixed paves on impervious barrier 4, thickness 5-8cm, pave evenly.
H, topping 6 are constructed: when geotextiles selected by topping 6, nature can be adopted to overlap, welding and sew up three kinds of methods, and based on overlap joint naturally, natural lap width is not less than 20cm; Topping adopts medium coarse sand, and thickness should be no less than 30cm, should shakeout and suitably tamp.
I, surface layer 7 are constructed: surface layer 7 is planting soil, and adopt land leveller to be paved uniformly by planting soil on structure protective layer 6, thickness is not less than 35cm; Surface layer is gravel, and adopt construction with paving machine, thickness is not less than 20cm; Surface layer 7 is building block, and thickness is not less than 6cm, mats formation neat, attractive in appearance.
The advantage obtained of the present invention is: the water body purification leakage preventing structure that the present invention proposes, adopt the form of structure of composite material antiseepage, and add phosphobacteria and nitrobacteria, to promote the fixing of N in water body, P element, while reducing the organic matter in water, also improve water quality.Meanwhile, by the compound action of multilayer impervious material, while antiseepage, do not hinder gas exchanges, the oxygen in soil is discharged in water body, increase Dissolved Oxygen in Water content, improve water body self-purification ability.This ventilation anti-seepage structure makes full use of each material property advantage, in and drawback, reduce construction costs, improve the ecological effect of water body.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; Although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or carry out equivalent replacement to portion of techniques feature; And not departing from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope of request of the present invention protection.
Claims (10)
1. a water body purification leakage preventing structure, is characterized in that: described structure comprise successively from lower to upper in vertical direction degree of compaction be not less than 90% soil matrix (1), basic unit (2), bed course (3), impervious barrier (4), purifying layer (5), topping (6) and surface layer (7); Wherein, zeolite, phosphobacteria, the nitrobacteria mixed layer of described purifying layer (5) to be thickness be 2 ~ 15cm, described topping (6) is for specification is higher than 70g/m
2, thickness is greater than 0.8mm, the nonwoven layer of fabric width 4 ~ 6 meters or 2 ~ 80 existing medium-sand seam in object river course or back fill course, layer of gravel.
2. structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described soil matrix (1) is not less than the original soil of 90% for degree of compaction.
3. structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basic unit (2) is middle layer of sand, coarse sands layer or both mixed layers.
4. structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bed course (3) is fine sand layer, and described bed course (3) is 2 ~ 8cm with the thickness altogether of basic unit (2).
5. according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described impervious barrier (4) is soil-solidified-agent and ventilation anti-seepage sand 1:(5 ~ 15 by volume) the mixed layer of composition of proportions, and the thickness of described impervious barrier (4) is 1 ~ 4cm.
6. structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described purifying layer (5) is phosphobacteria, nitrobacteria, zeolite is by weight (1 ~ 3): (1 ~ 3): the mixed layer that (50 ~ 100) are formed.
7. structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described surface layer (7) is mated formation planting soil or building block or gravel, and described surface layer (7) also comprises the mixture layer of planting soil, gravel, both building blocks or three.
8. structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described impervious barrier (4) also comprises GCL or clay.
9. a water body purification anti-permeation method, is characterized in that: described method comprises the steps:
A, preparation of construction: place cleaning, arrange and control stake and control mark, arrange temporary drainage facility;
B, soil treatment: by designing requirement excavation and backfill, afterwards bottom compacting and side slope soil matrix, degree of compaction is not less than 90%;
C, base layer construction: base material adopts medium sand or coarse sand, or the basic unit's soil adopting excavation or backfill, through screening out more than 1cm larger particles, and adopt mechanical ramming, degree of compaction is not less than 90%;
D, cushion construction: adopt fine sand to pave, and along direction of advance construction of constructing dorsad;
E, impervious barrier are constructed: adopt the construction of itemize method, soil-solidified-agent, ventilation anti-seepage sand are proportionally mixed, pave afterwards equably on predetermined width, flat surface;
F, purifying layer are constructed: phosphobacteria, nitrobacteria, zeolite are proportionally mixed, pave equably on impervious barrier afterwards;
G, topping are constructed: topping adopts medium coarse sand, and thickness is no less than 30cm, shakeouts and tamps;
H, surface construction: surface layer lays planting soil or gravel or building block equably, or planting soil, gravel, both building blocks or three mixing.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: in described step G, if when geotextiles selected by topping, adopts nature overlap joint, welding and sews up three kinds of methods and be connected.
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| CN104532863B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | The mould of a kind of graininess impervious material of mating formation and method |
| CN104878722A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-02 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Multiplayer composite seepage prevention structure applicable to urban rivers |
| CN105040554A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-11 | 滁州市瑞景园林建设有限公司 | Garden path structure and paving construction technology thereof |
| CN106975653A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-07-25 | 合肥工业大学 | It is a kind of to prevent the permeable reactive barrier in-situ remediation method of pollution of underground aquifers |
| CN114291980A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-08 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Simple filtration system and method for rural domestic wastewater |
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| JPH11181740A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-06 | Taisei Corp | Impervious structure |
| CN2861135Y (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-01-24 | 江苏一环集团有限公司 | Zeolite reactor |
| CN101343119B (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-07-14 | 浙江商达环保有限公司 | Zeolite-acorus calamus artificial wet land sewage treatment system and treatment method |
| CN202247789U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-05-30 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理有限公司 | Seepage-proofing structure for river bottom |
| CN202265793U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-06-06 | 北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理有限公司 | Ecological lakebed |
| CN103708694B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-01 | 昆山工研院华科生物高分子材料研究所有限公司 | Microorganism dredging method and device |
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