CN104093628B - Device and method for running ship propellers - Google Patents

Device and method for running ship propellers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104093628B
CN104093628B CN201380008038.7A CN201380008038A CN104093628B CN 104093628 B CN104093628 B CN 104093628B CN 201380008038 A CN201380008038 A CN 201380008038A CN 104093628 B CN104093628 B CN 104093628B
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China
Prior art keywords
sensor
noise
propeller
pseudocavitation
ship
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201380008038.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104093628A (en
Inventor
约阿希姆·霍夫曼
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/22Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the propulsion power units being controlled from exterior of engine room, e.g. from navigation bridge; Arrangements of order telegraphs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14Propellers
    • B63H1/18Propellers with means for diminishing cavitation, e.g. supercavitation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H3/00Propeller-blade pitch changing

Abstract

Method the present invention relates to one kind for running ship propellers (1), comprises the following steps:By the noise on solid (Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 8) that sensor (11) detection is caused by gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation;The measurement signal of sensor (11) is transferred to signal processing unit from sensor (11) with contactless transmission method;And control command is generated by signal processing unit and according to the measurement signal for receiving, for changing revolution speed of propeller and/or for the blade incidence by servomotor change ship propellers (1) by motor.

Description

Device and method for running ship propellers
Technical scope
The present invention relates to a kind of method for running ship propellers.
Background technology
Hole is generally understood to form cavity in liquid.In the case of hole of surging, because quiet in liquid Cavity is formed the change that pressure causes because shoving.
It is any all to start to cause void effect certain specific speed is reached by the object that water is promoted.It is general in operation Also referred to as the ship propellers of " quant " when, since certain specific rotating speed is reached just observation void effect.In major part In the case of, hole is a problem, because the percussive pressure for therefore being caused in water may cause propeller blade to corrode and erosion.This Outward, cavitation is likely to form interference under different application scenarios, and causes operation limited.Therefore, using by spiral When the ship that oar is promoted is as research ship, cavitation may interfere with the measurement work in water.Additionally, this noise is also possible to do Marine organisms are disturbed, thus may for example limit to the motion diameter for patrolling foreign ship or ferry boat.Cavitation is also allowed for by sound Sound finds the position of ship, such as may not expected in submarine so.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of improvement, method for running ship propellers.
The purpose is addressed by a kind of method of the present invention and a kind of apparatus according to the invention.
It is of the invention to be comprised the following steps for running the method for ship propellers:Detected by gas by sensor The noise on solid that hole and/or pseudocavitation cause;By contactless transmission method by the measurement signal of sensor From sensor transmissions to signal processing unit, that is, assessment unit;And control instruction is generated for changing by motor Become the rotating speed and/or the blade incidence for changing ship propellers by servomotor of propeller.Wherein, exactly, according to Control instruction is generated by signal processing unit according to the measurement signal for receiving.
Device for running ship propellers of the invention includes sensor device, signal transmission unit and signal Processing unit.Sensor can detect the noise caused by gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation on solid.Signal transmission unit is applicable In without being in contact by measurement signal from sensor transmissions to signal processing unit.Signal processing unit is applied to drive Dynamic motor generation control instruction for change revolution speed of propeller and/be used to generate control instruction to change ship to servomotor The blade incidence of propeller, wherein, control instruction is generated according to the measurement signal for receiving.
Present invention utilizes following facts, i.e. when hole is surged, it will usually observe three kinds of different cavitations:One Aspect is known as the steam hole of " hard hole " or " Cold Boiling is risen ", is summarized under " soft hole " this concept Gas cavities and pseudocavitation;For example, see the Sauer J ü rgen of University of Karlsruhe (TH) Major of Mechanical Manufacture are 2000 Year publish thesis for the doctorate " unstable hole stream-new model, based on interface trapping and vacuole dynamic ( kavitierende Neues Modell, basierend auf Front Capturing (VoF) Und Blasendynamik) " network address http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/3122000.
Steam hole refers to form the cavity (=vapour cavity) full of steam because the static pressure of liquid declines:According to Bernoulli's law, the speed of the liquid of flowing is faster, and hydrostatic pressure is smaller.If the static pressure of liquid drops to liquid vapour pressure Below power, vapour cavity is just formed.Then and then most vapour cavity is taken to pressure together with the liquid of flowing Region higher.If static pressure is again above steam pressure, vapour cavity just (is in practice with sound wave in the form of exploding Speed) break.Because cavity is vanished, it is possible that forming percussive pressure very high.Simultaneously hole is generally occurred within explosion time Noise, because the energy that a part is discharged is discharged in the form of a sound wave.
On the contrary, gas cavities another based on phenomenon be:With the decline of hydrostatic pressure, liquid is dissolved in Gas (such as air) solubility also reduce.When the gas of dissolving passes through diffusion transition to non-dissolved state, in liquid It is middle to form cavity that is small, being filled with a gas.Therefore, in gas cavities, the gas for dissolving in a liquid is according to saturation pressure There is different degrees of diffusion.
In pseudocavitation, wherein, as prefix " puppet " has been described above, truly without in a liquid " formation " cavity, but only because liquid static pressure decline cause liquid in existed due to their microscopes level The vacuole that other size is not yet noted so far expands their volume.Therefore, pseudocavitation does not refer to " formation " cavity, and Refer to undissolved gas in a liquid vacuole because pressure decline and " extension ".
Only those be thoroughly degassed and in the liquid that is cleaned, cavity is just only only filled with steam.In practice, It is exactly that in real liquid, hole generally occurs with the combining form of gas cavities, pseudocavitation and steam hole.Particularly Gas cavities and steam hole occur in hybrid form.Because gas cavities and pseudocavitation grow first on so-called void nucleation Therefore vacuole, until reaching certain crucial radius, with reaching this radius, and drop to below vapor curve therewith, Begin to steam hole.
Although the hole form (steam hole, gas cavities and pseudocavitation) described in all three actually goes out simultaneously It is existing, but they are very big for the importance difference of the technology for running ship.
With regard to them for manufacturing the infringement potentiality of material (such as metal) of ship propellers, be it is considered that compared to steaming Vapour hole and pseudocavitation, gas cavities are a very very long processes.During gas cavities, bubble is in elevated pressures In the range of be not just to be dissolved again in moment.Therefore, gas cavities will not generally cause damage of material;The effect of bubble is even As a kind of buffer, it can relax the high-frequency percussion in steam hole, referring to the machine-building system of Karlsruhe university (TH) The thesis for the doctorate Untersuchungen zur Thermodynamik des that Vortmann, Claas were published in 2001 Phasenübergangs bei der numerischen Berechnung kavitierender(when the numerical value of jet pipe fluid in hole is calculated to the dynamic measure of heat of phase transformation), network address http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/3202001。
Similar to gas cavities, pseudocavitation will not generally also damage ship propellers, because the cavity being filled with a gas is only It is to increase and reduce, without blast.
For noise generation, steam hole is also very big with gas cavities and pseudocavitation difference.Rushing at steam hole Hitting pressure can cause to be generated than more serious noise, i.e., typical cavitation, and other two kinds of hole types (gas cavities and puppet Hole) can only cause smaller noise.
The difference in steam hole and gas/pseudocavitation is:Only when static pressure exceedes from liquid to the boiling of gaseous state transition During dotted line, steam hole just occurs.However, gas space just always occurs only when the pressure change in water in principle Cave and pseudocavitation, and therefore there is their " noise ".However, boiling point and gas solubility are to be mutually related:In steam The preproduction phase in hole, the solvable decline of gas so that the gas of dissolving departs from.When being up to boiling point shortly, under gas solubility Drop very violent, so that starting a large amount of formation vacuoles, and therefore start observable noise occur.Namely depart from Process causes the noise for needs detection occur.
Therefore, the invention allows to be detected with steam hole threatening, that is will starting.Therefore, may be used To take counter-measure in time, and avoid the unfavorable satellite phenomenon in steam hole.
In this process, it is not by carrying out acoustics or pressure survey under the liquid for surrounding ship propellers Measure to perform the measurement of the noise for causing gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation, but by intercept and capture on solid (as propeller sheet With it, on propeller shaft or be related on the hull of hull), that is, the acoustic signal on solid under liquid environment.Because The noise that gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation cause is on the solid as sound conductor, such as with the side of acoustics in drive shaft What formula was measured;Wherein, gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation are because ship propellers rotate what is caused in the liquid state.
Under dangerous situation, such as near enemy's detecting ship, the vehicles (such as submarine) are allowed for the greatest extent in water Leave soon it is current, be possible to the position that has been found to, can help to find making an uproar for vehicle position in water without producing Sound.In this case, the invention provides following possibility, i.e. avoiding steam hole and therefore avoiding being subsequently formed Cavitation in the case of at utmost optimize the speed of the vehicles in water, that is, ship propellers rotating speed.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of this method, solid refers to ship propellers and/or for driving ship spiral shell Revolve the propeller shaft and/or hull (Schiffshaut) of oar.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of this method, contactless transmission method is to utilize electromagnetic wave, preferably Using radio wave or light wave.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of this method, sensor unit is arranged in water on the vehicles, particularly The hull (Rumpf) of the vehicles on ship propellers and/or for driving in the drive shaft of propeller and/or in water.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of this method, there is provided suitable for detecting in liquid by gas cavities and/or puppet The sensor of the noise that hole causes, measurement signal is sent to signal processing unit when noise is detected from sensor, and The trigger signal processing unit generation data in the case where measurement signal is received, these data are related at least the one of ship propellers The change of individual operation parameters.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of this method, result of detection is used as the static pressure change in liquid Indicator.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of this method, result of detection is used to measured value scope, is dissolved in liquid The content of gas is within the scope of the value.
Formed on the front side of propeller blade over-pressed (propulsion), and occur on the dorsal part of propeller blade low pressure (on Rise)." ship propellers " this concept includes all for driving the vehicles (such as ship or submarine) in water herein Propeller.In the case where ship propellers are run, the noise of gas cavities and pseudocavitation may be used to indicate that, propeller area The static pressure of the liquid in domain there occurs change.The decline of particularly static pressure is critically important in this process, because this may Mean that steam hole will be started.
If detecting noise and therefore confirming the quiet of (particularly carry the water of marine communication means in) in liquid Pressure declines, then can reduce the rotating speed and/or ship of propeller as a kind of possible counter-measure in ship propellers Therefore the angle of attack of at least one propeller blade of propeller, so as to lift the pressure on dorsal part, and will not enter steam In the range of hole.Other measures for being used to be lifted the pressure on propeller blade dorsal part have:Xiang Shuili blows;Or opening is worn The passage of propeller blade is crossed, makes water energy enough through these passages from over-pressed effluent to low-pressure side.
It is possible that run ship propellers when in this way when, there is provided sensor, it can be for driving Noise is detected on the propeller shaft of dynamic ship propellers.Propeller shaft is fixedly connected with propeller machine such that it is able to make it Rotation.Sensor is preferably in contact with propeller shaft.It is also possible that at least a portion sensor is fixed on axle.
It is possible that when using the method in the operation of ship propellers, there is provided sensor, it can be on hull Detection noise.Wherein, hull constitutes the outer cover of marine communication means, and it is moved by ship propellers.Sensor is preferred Ground contact hull.It is also possible that at least a portion sensor is fixed on hull.
It is possible that run ship propellers when in this way when, there is provided sensor, it can be in ship spiral shell Noise is detected on rotation oar.Sensor is preferably in contact with propeller shaft.It is also possible that at least a portion sensor is fixed on spiral shell On rotation oar, such as on propeller blade.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme of detection device, on the water on the vehicles, particularly on propeller and/ Or drive on the axle of propeller and/or arrange sensor unit on the hull of marine communication means.
Because cavitation is also relevant with n in addition to static pressure P and fluid temperature T in liquid, that is, in liquid The quantity or concentration of the gas of dissolving, so profit can derive the content or saturation of the gas dissolved in liquid in this way State.Noise in propeller excited gas hole and/or pseudocavitation, and the liquid for thus causing.For this is preferably slow The rotary speed of propeller is lifted, that point of pink noise can be detected until reaching.Therefore, load by by propeller Radiating or heating system, such as cold water or hot water conduit, it becomes possible to using the method according to the invention find gas cavities and/or Pseudocavitation.
According to a kind of preferred structural scheme, this operational mode includes more steps:Calibrated, be liquid now The different content value of the gas dissolved in body determines a corresponding limit velocity respectively;And for the derivation work Next step in store the corresponding paired value of gas content and limit velocity.The step of by calibrating, for different gas Bulk concentration determines the gas cavities and pseudocavitation under which kind of rotary speed of propeller liquid occurring and therefore causes Noise.The paired value for so determining is stored in memory cell, can select the added value one with other extrapolations or interpolation Play storage.If having been found for the unknown liquid of the gas content for wherein dissolving gas cavities and/or pseudo- sky had occurred later Limit velocity when cave and the noise for therefore causing, then the gas of dissolving can be just derived from the paired value for having stored Content value scope.
It is possible that in this operational mode, the intermittent operation of propeller, or held after the speed that reaches capacity It is continuous constantly to be run with this limit velocity.People continuously can for good and all run propeller under limit speed;Such as Fruit gas content exceedes critical limitation, may result in and gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation and typical noise occurs.
Brief description of the drawings
With reference to the following embodiment to reference to accompanying drawing more elaboration explanation cause features described above of the invention, feature and Advantage and realize that the ways and means of these feature and advantage become more apparent and easier to understand.Show respectively in figure Meaning property ground and show with stepping out on original size
Fig. 1 is the phasor of water;
Fig. 2 is ship propellers;
Fig. 3 is signal processing chain;And
Fig. 4 is regulating loop.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the p-T- phasors of water, wherein, the phase boundary represented with lines is by three kinds of different states of matter solid-state S, liquid L and gaseous state V are separated.Phase boundary between line between three phase point T3 and critical point C, that is, liquid L and gaseous state V, constitutes table Show the liquidus SPK in steam hole.
From first state point P1, the static pressure p reductions in liquid, such as because rotation of ship propellers.When quiet When pressure p decline reaches the second state point P2 on liquidus SPK, start steam hole, in the further decline of pressure During, such as until before third state point P3, steam hole is still always maintained to be present.
In the alpha region L of liquid, when pressure changes between first state point P1 and the second state point P2, occur Gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation, and along with corresponding noise.Pressure P in the alpha region L of liquid is along section P1-P2 Closer to liquidus SPK, because the noise that gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation cause is just clear.
In order to avoid harmful satellite phenomenon in steam hole, such as corrosion and noisy shot noise, it is necessary to for example In avoiding water when ship propellers run static pressure p drops to below boiling pressure SPK, that is, along being represented by dashed line The state of section P2-P3.
Fig. 2 shows the top view of ship propellers 1, and it includes propeller hub 2 and multiple propellers being fixed thereon Blade 3.When propeller 1 runs in water 5, the propeller 1 with propeller blade 3 is driven by axle 4 and starts rotation.Axle 4 is worn The inside 9 that hull is stretched into sealed up with seal 10 in hull 8, opening preventing the invasion of water 5 is crossed, it can be driven herein Dynamic motor drives and is rotated.
Any motion of the blade 3 in water 5 can all cause the change of static pressure in water 5.However, only special from certain is reached Fixed speed starts, and this pressure change just can greatly arrive the appearance for causing steam hole.In contrast, pressure becomes in water 5 When changing very little, just there are gas cavities and pseudocavitation these hole types, thus produced by gas (particularly in water 5 Air) filling vacuole 6.When propeller 1 runs, the bubble 6 corresponding with gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation constantly increases And reduction.Therefore the noise for causing is propagated in the form of sound wave 7 in water 5.
Because the sound wave 7 that vacuole 6 causes reaches the pressure sensor 11b being arranged on propeller blade 3.Sound wave 7 is also met To hull 8, and it is promoted to vibrate.These vibrations can be detected by the vibrating sensor 11c that contact condition is in hull 8 Arrive.Additionally, sound wave 7 is also traveled on propeller 1, and it is promoted to vibrate.By being fixedly connected for propeller 1 and axle 4 so that The vibrating sensor 11c that these vibrations can also be in contact condition with axle 4 is detected.
Fig. 3 shows signal processing chain, is made up of sensor 11, signal processing unit 12 and control unit 13.Sensor 11 is one of sensor 11a, 11b and 11c shown in fig. 2.When sensor 11 is detected because empty with gas cavities and puppet The noise that the bubble 6 of cave association causes, it just sends corresponding measurement signal 14 to signal processing unit 12.It is possible that Only when the sound pressure level of noise exceedes default threshold value, the ability of sensor 11 sends measurement signal to signal processing unit 12 14.But it is also possible that sensor 11 is produced in the case where the sound pressure level of noise is not considered is sent to signal transacting The measurement signal 14 of unit 12.In such a case, it is possible to pass through signal processing unit 12 complete measurement signal 14 assessment or Filtering.
The signal transmission from sensor 11 to signal processing unit 12 is preferably completed in the case of line, for example, is passed through Electric wire, because the radio transmission carried out by the electromagnetic wave in water is occurred than more serious decrease probably due to absorbing.If passed Sensor is arranged on the propeller of rotation, it is possible to keep being electrically connected by the slide contact member being for example arranged on propeller hub Connect.
If signal processing unit 12 receives the measurement signal 14 of the noise minimum equivalent to sound pressure level, it is generated as The data relevant with the change of static pressure in liquid.These data 15 can be in the form of indexed variable (flag-Variable) In the presence of whether they are simply indicated has detected noise.Instead or as adding, these data 15 can contain The information of sound pressure level, vibration mode, frequency and other features on noise.These data 15 can also include being used for The output data exported on output instrument (such as screen or loudspeaker), so as to allow user to understand the noise on being detected Information.
In the example shown, the data 15 for being generated by signal processing unit 12 contain the input number for control unit 13 According to control unit 13 for example reduces rotating speed in motor driving shaft 4 according to these input datas, or is controled in adjusting means The angle of attack of propeller blade 3 is set to change during propeller blade 3.The purpose of these measures be make noise represent water 5 in it is quiet The decline of pressure stops or reverses, so as to avoid the appearance in steam hole.
Used as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 4 shows the regulating loop for running ship propellers.It is on the scene In 30, completed to acoustic pressure or vibration by for detecting the sensor of the noise caused because of gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation in water Measurement.The sensor 11 can be sensor 11a, 11b and 11c shown in fig. 2.
In on the scene 31, check whether sensor has been detected in water because making an uproar of causing of gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation Sound.Tested noise and gas for example can be completed by the symbolic characteristic of measured value, such as frequency, amplitude, vibration mode etc. Body hole and/or the association of pseudocavitation.By this way can by because the noise that causes of gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation and its His noise is distinguished.
If the inspection carried out in field 31 shows, sensor causes in detecting water because of gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation Noise Y, then just inquire on the scene 32, whether this noise has exceeded default threshold value, such as by sound pressure level or Oscillation Amplitude.Y if more than, then reach field 34, wherein generation control signal 35, to be for example sent to it is on motor, use In the rotating speed for reducing propeller order or to be sent to the life of the angle of attack for reducing propeller blade in adjusting means Order.Because the noise for giving great volume shows there is the danger for entering steam cavitation area, must be lifted by these measures quiet Pressure, and therefore reduce the push power of propeller.In parallel, while returning to field 30 by loop 36, such that it is able to weight Newly measure.
If on the contrary, the inquiry result in field 32 is detected noise is not above default threshold value N, then on the scene Control signal 37 is generated in 33, for example, to be sent to order on motor, for lifting revolution speed of propeller, or to start On to adjusting means, the angle of attack for increasing propeller blade order.Because the small noise of volume shows in the absence of entrance The danger of steam cavitation area, it is possible to the propulsive force of propeller is further lifted by these measures, and it is therefore further Reduce static pressure.In parallel, while returning to field 30 by loop 38, such that it is able to re-start measurement.
On the other hand, if the inspection result in field 31 is sensor do not detect in water because gas cavities and/or The noise N that pseudocavitation causes, then can just proceed to directly to field 33.
Although more fully being illustrated by preferred embodiment and illustrating details of the invention, the present invention is not subject to The limitation of disclosed example, and professional and technical personnel can therefrom derive other change programmes, and without departing from the present invention Protection domain.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method for running ship propellers (1), comprises the following steps:
- the noise on solid caused by gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation by sensor (11) detection, wherein, with acoustics Mode measure it is being caused due to the gas cavities and/or the pseudocavitation, on the solid as acoustics conductor The noise;
- measurement signal (14) of the sensor (11) is transferred to letter from the sensor (11) with contactless transmission method Number processing unit (12);And
- control command is generated by the signal processing unit (12) and according to the measurement signal (14) for receiving, it is used for Revolution speed of propeller is changed by motor and/or is met for changing the blade of the ship propellers (1) by servomotor Angle.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the solid is ship propellers (1) and/or for driving State the axle (4) and/or hull (8) of ship propellers (1).
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, what the contactless transmission method was utilized is electromagnetic wave.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, the electromagnetic wave is in a-n radio range a-n or in optical range Electromagnetic wave.
5. one kind is used to run the device of ship propellers (1), including sensor unit, signal transmission unit and signal transacting list First (12), wherein, sensor (11) can detect the noise on the solid caused by gas cavities and/or pseudocavitation, wherein, Measured in the way of acoustics it is being caused due to the gas cavities and/or the pseudocavitation, as the described solid of acoustics conductor The noise on body, the signal transmission unit is applied to contactlessly makes measurement signal (14) be passed from the sensor (11) It is defeated to believe suitable for the measurement that foundation is received to the signal processing unit (12), and the signal processing unit (12) Control command of number (14) generation on motor or servomotor, for changing revolution speed of propeller and/or the ship spiral shell The blade incidence of rotation oar (1).
6. device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the sensor unit can be arranged in marine communication means On.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the sensor unit can be arranged in the ship spiral On oar (1) and/or for driving on the axle (4) of propeller and/or the marine communication means hull (8).
CN201380008038.7A 2012-02-02 2013-01-29 Device and method for running ship propellers Expired - Fee Related CN104093628B (en)

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DE201210201539 DE102012201539A1 (en) 2012-02-02 2012-02-02 Gaining data about a state of a liquid
DE102012201539.6 2012-02-02
PCT/EP2013/051636 WO2013113681A1 (en) 2012-02-02 2013-01-29 Method for the operation of a marine propeller

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