CN104093465B - 低温蒸馏分离设备和采用这种设备的分离方法 - Google Patents

低温蒸馏分离设备和采用这种设备的分离方法 Download PDF

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CN104093465B
CN104093465B CN201280068738.0A CN201280068738A CN104093465B CN 104093465 B CN104093465 B CN 104093465B CN 201280068738 A CN201280068738 A CN 201280068738A CN 104093465 B CN104093465 B CN 104093465B
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R·多里
S·杰拉尔丁
J-J·塔尔伯特
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

一种低温蒸馏分离设备，包括第一热绝缘外壳(1)，该第一热绝缘外壳(1)容纳有至少一个空的腔室(S1、S2)，但不容纳蒸馏塔，并且该第一热绝缘外壳(1)还容纳有用于将流体引入腔室中的装置(M1)、用于从所述腔室中抽取底部液体的装置(M3)和用于从所述腔室的顶部抽取气体的装置(M2)，所述空的腔室设计成分离两相流体的相，所述设备还包括容纳有至少一个塔(C)的第二热绝缘外壳(2)。

Description

低温蒸馏分离设备和采用这种设备的分离方法
本发明涉及低温蒸馏分离设备并且涉及在这样的设备中的分离方法。
在低于0℃或甚至低于-100℃的温度执行低温蒸馏。
本发明还涉及一种低温蒸馏分离设备，该低温蒸馏分离设备除了蒸馏塔以外还包括至少一个能够进行相分离的部件，该部件不是蒸馏塔，例如为分离空气或另一气体混合物的装置。另一混合物的示例可为包含至少20％氢气和/或至少20％一氧化碳和/或至少20％甲烷和/或至少20％氮气的气体。另一示例为包含至少30％二氧化碳和至少一种其他气体(例如至少5％的氧气、至少5％的氮气或至少5％的一氧化碳)的气体。
在本文中，关于纯度的百分比为摩尔纯度百分比。
在低于环境温度或可选地在低温温度下进行低温蒸馏。该蒸馏发生在至少一个容纳有塔板或填料的塔中。
在低温蒸馏分离方法中，通常需要对将要用于蒸馏塔的供料流体或源于该塔的流体进行分离。可通过部分地冷凝该流体并且通过将产生的流体传递至空的腔室中来执行此分离，该腔室被称作相分离器，在该相分离器中液体与气体分离，然后从相分离器的顶部抽取出气体并且从此分离器的底部抽取出液体。然后可在另一相分离器中和/或蒸馏塔中处理该气体或液体。如果不进行处理，则所述气体或液体可构成工艺产品。
这些相分离器通常组装在作为蒸馏塔的同一绝缘腔室中，参见FR-A-2799822或US2010/0139208。
如果相分离器是体积庞大的，则会使冷箱的构造变得复杂，如在FR-A-2799822所见的，其中需要提供用于相分离器的冷箱上的突出物或提供超大的冷箱。
在称作“部分冷凝”方法的低温蒸馏方法中，在蒸馏塔上游的至少一个相分离器中分离包含至少20％氢气和至少20％一氧化碳的待处理的流。
在用于分离包含至少30％二氧化碳和至少一种其他气体(例如至少5％氧气、至少5％氮气或至少5％一氧化碳)的气体的低温工艺中，通常在处理从蒸馏塔中至少一个分离器产生的液体之前在至少一个相分离器中分离该气体。
还已知的是，在相分离器中处理从蒸馏塔产生的流体。
本发明使得能够减小容纳塔的冷箱的尺寸并且使得低温分离设备的部件的最终定位更灵活。
-根据本发明的主题，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离气体的设备，该设备容纳有上文所描述的部件，低温蒸馏分离设备的部件包括第一热绝缘外壳，该第一热绝缘外壳容纳有至少一个腔室，该至少一个腔室不包括填料或塔板，第一外壳不容纳蒸馏塔，而是还容纳有用于将流体引入该至少一个腔室的装置、用于从该至少一个腔室抽取出底部液体的装置和用于从该至少一个腔室抽取顶部气体的装置，所述至少一个腔室适于分离两相流体的相，所述设备的特征在于，其包括第二热绝缘外壳和热交换装置，该第二热绝缘外壳容纳有至少一个蒸馏塔和使得能够将至少一种流体从该腔室/腔室之一传送至所述塔和/或从所述塔传送至该腔室/腔室之一的装置，第一和第二外壳中的任一者不容纳另一者，第一外壳连接至热交换装置以便允许将流体从腔室传送至热交换装置或从热交换装置传送至腔室。
根据其他可选的主题，作出如下规定：
–第一外壳容纳有至少两个叠置的腔室。
可选地：
–除了所述腔室或多个腔室、所述腔室或多个腔室中的绝缘物以及流体引入或提取装置之外，第一外壳不容纳部件，
–第一外壳不容纳用于冷却或加热用于或源于所述腔室或多个腔室的流体的装置，
–第一外壳不容纳用于冷却或加热用于或源于第二外壳的流体的装置，
–热交换装置定位在第一和第二外壳之间，
–第三热绝缘外壳容纳热交换装置，
–第三外壳不容纳相分离器，
–第二外壳和/或第三外壳还容纳至少一个相分离器，
–第一外壳容纳该设备的所有相分离器，
–该设备包括用于将待分离的供料流体传送至至少一个相分离器的装置，
–至少一个外壳利用珍珠岩绝缘/隔离，
–所述相分离器或多个相分离器以及它们相关联的软管占据第一外壳的内部容积的60％至70％，
–两个相分离器(S1、S2)叠置在第一外壳中，这两个相分离器(S1、S2)具有相同的直径，
–所述两个相分离器(S1、S2)连结在一起。
根据本发明的另一主题，提供了一种用于在如上文所述的设备中通过低温蒸馏分离气体的方法，其中气体为空气或包含至少20％氢气和至少20％一氧化碳，或包含至少30％二氧化碳和至少一种其他气体(可选地为至少5％氧气、至少5％氮气或至少5％一氧化碳)。
气体可包括至少50％的二氧化碳，或者甚至至少70％的二氧化碳。
所述相分离器或多个相分离器位于专用腔室中的事实使得能够与塔分离地输送相分离器，而不用为了装配塔的冷箱而不得不等待相分离器的制造结束。
第一外壳可容纳有相分离器，该相分离器分离待在第二外壳的塔中处理的流体。
第一外壳可容纳有相分离器，该相分离器分离已在第二外壳的塔中处理的流体。
第一外壳的相分离器可分离待在第二外壳的塔中处理的流体并且第一外壳的第二相分离器可分离已在第一外壳的第二外壳的塔中处理的流体。
下面将根据附图更详细地描述本发明。
低温蒸馏设备的一个部件包括第一外壳1和第二外壳2。第一外壳1容纳有至少一个相分离器S1，这里容纳有两个叠置的相分离器S1、S2。
每个相分离器包括腔室，该腔室不容纳填料或塔板，可将两相流体引入该腔室中，使得能够抽取在该腔室的底部形成的液体和在该腔室的顶部形成的气体。第一外壳还容纳有用于将两相流体发送至该腔室中的装置M1、用于从腔室中抽取底部液体的装置M3和用于从腔室中抽取顶部气体的装置M2，这些装置包括允许涉及的流体通过外壳1的壁进入或流出的导管。
第一外壳还可容纳有用于控制相分离器的装置，例如阀。还可在此外壳中找到相分离器的仪表。外壳1由金属板制成并且在操作状态中容纳有珍珠岩P。然而，仅在现场安装外壳时可以加入此珍珠岩P。
相分离器——作为相的分离器——占据外壳的内部容积的20％至25％。分离器——每个分离器均配设有罩壳和用于传送和输出流体的管道——总共占据外壳的内部容积的60％至70％，余下的30％至40％的容积将被珍珠岩P或另一绝缘体所充满。
第二外壳2容纳有至少一个蒸馏塔C，意在分离源于腔室S1、S2中的至少一个的流体。第二外壳2还可容纳有至少一个相分离器S3，例如小尺寸的相分离器，但优选的是，任何相分离器位于第一外壳1中。
第二外壳可容纳有用于将流体从相分离器S1或S2传送至塔C或用于将流体从塔C传送至相分离器S1、S2的装置M4。
替代地，蒸馏塔C可提供将在腔室S1、S2中的一者中分离的流体。
可连接第一和第二外壳1、2以便形成例如将被运输到现场的组件。不然的话，则可分开地运输每个外壳。
第三外壳3容纳有至少一个热交换器E。热交换器E旨在冷却待在第二外壳2的塔C中且可选地在第一外壳的相分离器S1、S2中处理的流体。它还可加热至少一种来自一个或所述塔的产品，该产品可选地在容纳在第一外壳1中的相分离器S1、S2中被分离出来。
因此，第三外壳3会连接至第一外壳1以使得将要在塔中分离的、在交换器E中冷却的流体能够被传送至相分离器S1、S2中的一个或者在交换器E中加热在相分离器S1、S2中分离的流体，该流体源于塔的产品。
第三外壳3还可容纳至少一个相分离器，例如小尺寸的相分离器，而优选的是任何相分离器定位于第一外壳1中。
第二和第三外壳2、3还可利用珍珠岩P绝缘/隔离。
对于分离设备，采用本发明使得能够将容纳塔的第二外壳的长度从43m降低至33.5m。此降低可使得能够与现有的基础设施的很大一部分相匹配。
一定数量的专用的外壳的使用使得能够维持工厂的预加工并且降低了工地风险，同时给予了解决非常大的设备尺寸的可能性。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离气体的设备，包括热绝缘的第一外壳(1)，所述第一外壳(1)容纳有至少一个相分离器(S1、S2)，但是不容纳蒸馏塔，所述第一外壳还容纳有用于将流体引入所述至少一个相分离器中的装置(M1)、用于从所述至少一个相分离器抽取底部液体的装置(M3)和从所述至少一个相分离器抽取顶部气体的装置(M2)，所述至少一个相分离器适合于分离两相流体的相，其特征在于，所述设备包括热绝缘的第二外壳(2)，所述第二外壳(2)容纳有至少一个蒸馏塔(C)，所述第二外壳容纳有使得能够将至少一种流体从所述相分离器/相分离器之一传送至所述蒸馏塔和从所述蒸馏塔传送至所述相分离器/相分离器之一的装置(M4)，所述第一外壳和第二外壳中的任一者不容纳在另一者中，其中，所述设备包括热交换装置(E)，所述第一外壳(1)连接至所述热交换装置以便允许将流体从所述相分离器(S1、S2)传送至所述热交换装置或从所述热交换装置传送至所述相分离器(S1、S2)，其中，所述热交换装置定位在所述第一外壳(1)和第二外壳(2)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述第一外壳(1)容纳有至少两个叠置的空的相分离器(S1、S2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，包括容纳热交换装置(E)的热绝缘的第三外壳(3)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中，所述第二外壳(2)和/或第三外壳(3)还容纳有至少一个相分离器(S3)。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设备，其中，所述第一外壳容纳所述设备的所有相分离器(S1、S2)。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设备，其中，第一、第二和第三外壳(1、2、3)中的至少一个利用珍珠岩(P)绝缘。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设备，其中，具有相同直径的两个相分离器(S1、S2)叠置在第一外壳中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中，所述两个相分离器(S1、S2)接合在一起。
9.一种用于在根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的设备中的在低温下运行的蒸馏塔中通过蒸馏来分离气体的方法，其中所述气体
i)是空气，或
ii)包含至少20％氢气和至少20％一氧化碳，或
iii)包含至少30％二氧化碳和至少一种其他气体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述气体包含至少30％二氧化碳和至少一种其他气体，所述至少一种其他气体为至少5％氧气、至少5％氮气或至少5％一氧化碳。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述第一外壳容纳有相分离器(S1、S2)，所述相分离器(S1、S2)分离待在所述第二外壳的蒸馏塔中处理的流体。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述第一外壳容纳有相分离器(S1、S2)，所述相分离器(S1、S2)分离已在所述第二外壳的蒸馏塔中处理的流体。
13.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其中，所述第一外壳(1)的第一相分离器分离待在第二外壳(2)的蒸馏塔(C)中处理的流体，所述第一外壳的第二相分离器分离已在第二外壳的蒸馏塔中处理的流体。
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