CN104087752B - Vacuum tank type smelting equipment and method for magnesium, zinc, lead and lithium metals - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a vacuum tank type smelting equipment and method for magnesium, zinc, lead and lithium metals. The equipment comprises a vacuum tank cover vehicle system, a melt inclusion, a vacuum cover, a vacuum charging system, a vacuum power spraying gun system, a temperature measuring and sampling gun system, a vacuumizing unit system, a siphon molten slag tapping system, a dust removal purifier and a collector, wherein the vacuum charging system, the vacuum power spraying gun system and the temperature measuring and sampling gun system are arranged on the vacuum cover, and the siphon molten slag tapping system is connected to the side wall of a vacuum tank. The invention also provides a vacuum tank type smelting method for magnesium, zinc, lead and lithium metals. The vacuum tank type smelting method comprises the steps of adding 35-95% of silicon iron into the melt inclusion, heating to 1350-1680 DEG C, and then, melting to form liquid; continuously spraying magnesium-contained raw material and cosolvent mixed powder into liquid silicon iron; starting the vacuumizing unit system to reduce the pressure in the vacuum tank to 8-5000Pa; overflowing magnesium steam out of the melt inclusion, and collecting the magnesium steam enabling the magnesium steam to pass through the dust removal purifier. The vacuum tank type smelting equipment and method have the advantages of energy saving, high efficiency, short production period, high yield, low pollutant discharge and secondary utilization of resources.

Description

A kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, the vacuum tank smelting equipment of lithium and method

Technical field：

The invention belongs to metal melting equipment and method and technology field, the more particularly to vacuum of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, lithium Pot type smelting equipment and method.

Background technology：

Taking the smelting of magnesium metal in prior art as a example background technology is introduced.The reproducibility pole of magnesium metal itself By force, in normal conditions, its oxide is difficult to be reduced by the conventional reducing agent such as metal such as silicon, aluminium.China nature magnesium master Will be presented in carbonate or magnesium halide.Magnesium in magnesium chloride need with electrolysis extract, the reason of cost, domestic Through being rarely employed electrolysis.Main component be magnesium carbonate dolomite mineral through calcining after main component be magnesia, in vacuum Under the conditions of change the partial pressure of reaction, the magnesia in dolime can be reduced agent and restore.The former magnesium of China at present Yield accounts for the 80% about of the world's former magnesium yield, is all produced using Pidgeon process.Pidgeon process is by dolime and reducing agent Ferrosilicon grinds simultaneously suppress balling-up, load in the heat-resistance stainless steel tank of accumbency arrangement, obtain coal gas or other fuel by coal-fired outside tank Heating, carries out solid phase reaction in vacuum 5-13Pa, 1200 DEG C about of temperature.Product magnesium steam condensation method is collected. Just the spherical material of dress is after reduction reaction, by manually drawing out in stainless cylinder of steel.This method efficiency is low, high energy consumption, and pollution is big, High labor intensive, and remaining reduction by ferrosilicon agent still mixed it is difficult to carry out secondary utilization in oblate spheroid shape with slag charge.Thus all Multifactor, in order to limit low-level repetition type construction, former for newly-built Pidgeon process Smelting magnesium is classified as restricted project by China.Domestic perpendicular Tank method smelting magnesium, typically has an external heat vertical retort Pidgeon process, and document [1. Liu Yong swims Guoqiang, Huang Yanyan. vertical retort magnesium smelting technology Present status and prospect. light metal .2010 (06):45-49], [2. appoint the tinkling of pieces of jade, Xia Dehong, Bi Hanbing. new it is vertically arranged magnesium-reduced The design of tank. non-ferrous metal (Smelting Part) .2012 (02):30-33], and patent [3. Zhou Xiangyang, Lee, Liu Hongzhuan, Xu Precious jade, Wu Shangyuan, Li Changlin, Yang Juan. Central South University. a kind of external heat vertical retort magnesium smelting device .CN 101706204 A], something in common It is to change the arrangement that stainless cylinder of steel accumbency is arranged as being vertically arranged, develop perpendicular tank smelting magnesium technology, its focus All improving mechanization, automaticity, have also improves efficiency of combustion simultaneously, by becoming Cosmetic material, by way of discharging, can be by Reduction cycle foreshortened to 9-10 hour by traditional 12 hours.The perpendicular tank Pidgeon process of heat in another kind, and document [4. Shen Jing is prosperous. and how hot Source internal heat type Smelting magnesium in-furnace temperature regularity of distribution simulation and experi ment. Xi'an Technology University Master's thesis .2007] change confession Can source, using electric heating method, thermal source be distributed in perpendicular tank containing dolime, ferrosilicon powder, Fluorite pellet material among.Document [5 The RH of Niu Qiang, Chu Shaojun and the patent of single-mouth refining furnace smelting magnesium, Patent No. CN101999005A and CN101906544A, its method is to be used for magnesium metal using the molten steel vacuum treatment device RH of smelting iron and steel and single-mouth refining furnace Smelt, insertion RH or single mouth insertion tube on the molten iron level of silicon ladle, using the argon gas bubbles pump on insertion tube molten iron top Iron liquid suction vacuum is indoor, form the circulation of iron liquid between vacuum chamber and iron bag, sprayed into very by powder spraying system containing magnesium raw material With ferrosilicon liquid hybrid reaction in ladle circulation iron liquid under empty room, form magnesium steam by vacuum system suction magnesium collection device Collect.Said method is mostly the improvement being carried out based on Pidgeon process, and the state of raw material, reaction principle are all complete with Pidgeon process Entirely the same, fail the drawbacks of fundamentally solve Pidgeon process.It is low all to there is efficiency in these methods, high energy consumption, and pollution is big, and work is strong Degree is high, and remaining reduction by ferrosilicon agent is still mixed it is difficult to carry out the problem of secondary utilization in oblate spheroid shape with slag charge.

Content of the invention：

The purpose of the present invention is the drawbacks of thoroughly abandons Pidgeon process production technology, by VD application of vacuum, steel spraying powder, vacuum The Apparatus and method for of induction furnace be combined being formed spray in a kind of new additional liquid metal reducing agent be reduced agent-containing magnesium mix Close pulvis, make the smelting containing magnesium raw material magnesium metal of gas-solid-liquid phase reaction reduction under vacuum high-temperature, and be equally applicable to Metallic zinc, lead, the smelting of lithium, can reach efficiency high, and pollution is little, and automation intensity is high and is capable of that slag phase is good, easy-to-discharge slag The magnesium metal of melting continuously technique, zinc, lead, the vacuum tank smelting equipment of lithium and method

The scheme that the present invention solves that its technical problem adopted is：The vacuum tank of a kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, lithium is provided Smelting equipment, by observation window and television camera, collector, vacuum charging system, dust removing purifier, thermometric sampling gun system, Vacuum is dusted gun system, slag ladle, slag ladle and carriage, vacuum stop valve a, vacuum chamber, vacuum stop valve b, vacuum tank, vacuum container cover group Become, it is characterized in that：Also include accident melt reduction and pour foundry pit, accident Melt launder, removable return bend, evacuator system System, slag overflow launder, vacuum container cover car system, mixing powder powder spraying system, siphon slag slag-tapping system, melt bag, outer yoke, Accident melt reduction safety valve, inner yoke, Splashproof cover, argon gas deduster, recovery argon gas basin, argon pressurization pump, slag heating Device, slag and melt continuous temperature measurement system；Interconnective vacuum tank, vacuum container cover, Splashproof cover, vacuum container cover car system, molten Body bag, outer yoke, inner yoke, observation window and television camera constitute vacuum reaction chamber system；It is connected to vacuum interior splashproof The dust removing purifier covering, collector are mutually connected with pipeline and vacuum stop valve b with vacuumizing machine set systemGroupBecome collection And pumped vacuum systems；Mixing powder powder spraying system is constituted by interconnective two powder powder spraying pots, connecting pipe, valve, And constitute vacuum with vacuum stop valve a and vacuum chamber and dust gun system；Sample the survey of vacuum chamber and vacuum stop valve a with thermometric Warm sampling gun constitutes thermometric sampling gun system；Vacuum charging system is fixedly connected on the bottom of mixing powder powder spraying system；Band The siphon slag slag-tapping system of slag heater is arranged on the bottom of slag overflow launder；Vacuum container cover is buckled on vacuum tank, connects There is rubber seal at place；Splashproof cover is hung on vacuum container cover, and outer yoke and inner yoke are separately positioned on the outside of melt bag and interior Portion；Dust gun system, thermometric sampling gun system, observation window and television camera of vacuum charging system, vacuum is welded on vacuum tank Cover, the vacuum container cover being provided with horizontal stop device is hung in vacuum container cover car system；Udst separation with vacuum stop valve a Device is connected by removable return bend pipeline flange with collector, is provided with vaccum seal ring between adpting flange；Siphon slag is slagged tap System is welded with vacuum tank, and slag overflow launder is welded on the wall of melt bag side, and siphon slag slag-tapping system slag notch is big with outside Gas connects, and slag notch bottom is provided with slag ladle, and slag ladle is placed on slag ladle and carriage；Accident melt reduction safety valve is arranged on vacuum tank bottom Portion, accident melt reduction pours the underground that foundry pit is arranged on outside vacuum tank, and accident melt reduction pours foundry pit is pacified with accident melt reduction Coupled together by accident Melt launder between full valve；Interconnective vacuumize machine set system, argon gas deduster, reclaim argon gas storage Tank, argon pressurization pump constitute argon recovery systems；Observation window and television camera are welded on vacuum container cover；Slag, melt Continuous temperature measurement system inserts in melt bag carbonaceous or SiC based refractories from the outer yoke top of melt bag；Melt bag is point Bar non-magnetic rustproof steel plate designs, and is provided with the naked layer of adiabatic refractory felt bag, heat insulation layer, permanent layer, graphite or carborundum working lining, outer magnetic Yoke and inner yoke are separately positioned on melt bag outwardly and inwardly, the melt reduction of induction coil internal refractories and its interior Sheng Fixed by the melt containment wall in coil or outer yoke magazine, bottom, can be along turning of setting using magnetism-free stainless steel as collet The outer yoke magazine that axle rotates certain angle is fixedly connected with melt bag；Splashproof cover is buckled in melt and wraps, and and dedusting Clarifier with conduit connect, between arrange vacuum stop valve b；The delivery line of metallic vapour is located at top or the side of Splashproof cover； Vacuum pot bottom is provided with the accident melt reduction safety valve for accident emergency, and vacuum tank bottom is provided with the casting of accident melt reduction Hole, accident melt reduction safety valve and accident melt reduction pour foundry pit and are connected by accident Melt launder；Vacuumize machine set system by Can be to reach the multistage vacuum pump flexible combination smelting required vacuum 3～8000Pa；Mixing powder powder spraying system includes Two powder powder spraying pots with valve and electronic scale gauge and connecting pipe and argon delivery lines；Vacuum is dusted the dusting of gun system The vacuum stop valve a that sling has the vacuum chamber (21) that can change podwer gun pipette tips and can completely cut off vacuum reaction chamber and vacuum chamber；Very Dust gun system, thermometric sampling gun system, vacuum charging system of slack tank lid car system, powder mixture injection system, vacuum is whole It is welded on vacuum container cover, whole vacuum container cover is hung in vacuum container cover car system；Siphon slag slag-tapping system in-built electrical adds Hot slag heater；Two vacuum chambers being connected with vacuum tank are set, and vacuum chamber has slag ladle.Its equipment is further characterized in that：Receive Collection and pumped vacuum systems include being connected to dust removing purifier on the Splashproof cover of vacuum interior, two sets of collectors, evacuator systems System, dust removing purifier is connected by the pipeline with vacuum stop valve b with Splashproof cover, with may move between collector and dust removing purifier Return bend connects, and respectively arranges a stop valve before and after removable return bend, and vacuumizes the pipeline with valve for the machine set system Connect, band slag heater in collector, slag heater is arranged to the form with water-cooled；Comprise two sets and adopt sensing heating side Formula or the vacuum tank smelting equipment of electric arc, heating plasma mode, two sets of vacuum tank smelting equipments and a set of collector, take out Vacuum pump set system, argon gas deduster, recovery argon gas basin, the connection of argon pressurization pump.A kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, lithium are provided Vacuum tank smelting process, to refine magnesium as embodiment, metallic zinc, lead, the smelting of lithium and magnesium metal smelt principle, equipment phase With；It is fused into liquid including first adding to be heated to after 1350～1680 DEG C in melt bag by 35%～95% ferrosilicon, help Solvent, according to 3%～10% interpolation containing magnesium slag, is mixed before entering powder spraying pot containing magnesium slag and cosolvent, or in mixing tube After uniformly being mixed by inert gas in road, continuously sprayed in liquid-state silicon iron reducer by the vacuum gun system that dusts, open take out true Empty machine set system makes the pressure in vacuum tank be down to 3～5000Pa, and being reduced by ferrosilicon liquid containing magnesium slag of being sprayed into generates simple substance Magnesium, and overflowed in the form of the magnesium steam in the upper space of melt bag, under the draft of vacuum system acts on, by Splashproof cover Wireway purify in dust removing purifier, collected in collector, when the slag slag line in melt bag exceeds slag overflow During the notch of groove, enter the slag ladle in air by siphon dreg removing system；The metallic vapour that reaction generates is through Splashproof cover delivery line After derivation in dust removing purifier purify after enter collector in be collected, by control collector heater heating-up temperature or Control the water yield and the hydraulic pressure of cooling water, metallic vapour can carry out liquid under vacuo or solid-state is collected, and does not affect reduction process Continuity, do not interfere with the continuous condensation of metallic vapour, the metal of liquid collection can enter refining treatment operation yet；Argon gas returns Receive systematic collection and come from the argon gas vacuumizing machine set system, be connected to argon gas deduster, reclaim argon gas basin, argon pressurization In the pipeline of pump, the argon gas brought into during injecting mixed material, overflows after entering molten bath, is added by vacuumizing machine set system argon gas Press pump finally enters argon gas deduster, reclaims argon gas basin through pipeline, is recycled；It is blown powder in vacuum tank top, Molten bath is stirred, increases and refine reactive magnesium speed, the electromagnetic force mixing power opposite direction of its mixing direction and sensing heating, both simultaneous Turning round and look at agitation molten pool increases reaction rate, takes into account again and prevents solution in molten bath, slag liquid from splashing；A small amount of splashing can be by hanging true Splashproof cover under slack tank lid is blocked in melt bag；It is characterized in that：Slag in melt bag can be connected by slag overflow launder Continue and slag is entered vacuum siphon deslagging pipeline, setting and tank connected two vacuum chambers of vacuum, under vacuum, slag is first discharged To in the slag ladle of first vacuum chamber being connected with vacuum tank, mobile slag ladle and carriage, in second vacuum chamber, cuts out and is located at first Valve between individual vacuum chamber and second vacuum chamber, first slag ladle chamber of cut-out and the connection of vacuum tank, make vacuum tank protect Hold continuous vacuum to smelt, open positioned at second vacuum stop valve between vacuum chamber and atmospheric environment, canful slag is antivacuum Under removed by slag ladle and carriage, twice vacuum valve group handover operation, change empty slag ladle from second vacuum chamber to first vacuum tank chamber The slag ladle position of room, deslagging proceeds；Two sets of vacuum tank adopting induction heating mode or electric arc, heating plasma mode Smelting equipment, shares a set of collector, vacuumizes machine set system, argon gas deduster, reclaims argon gas basin, argon pressurization pump, its In a set of vacuum tank smelting equipment when being used for refining reactive magnesium, another set of for smelting duriron reducing agent；Close main valve stop valve B, can cut off the pipeline between vacuum tank smelting equipment and collector, thus (increasing reducing agent dense for smelting duriron Degree), the molten iron of smelting duriron is to refine remaining molten iron in the melt bag after reactive magnesium terminates, and opens main valve stop valve b, you can even Logical vacuum tank and collector, thus being re-used for refining reactive magnesium, greatling save the cost of reducing agent, can operate without blowing out, Realize continuous refining magnesium；Thermometric sampling gun carries jacking system, thermometric and sampling under achievable vacuum, closes vacuum stop valve a, surveys The pipette tips of warm sampling gun can realize changing pipette tips under vacuum metling state in thermometric sampling vacuum chamber；Inner yoke and outer yoke Mode of heating makes the leakage field of melt bag yoke system significantly reduce, and radial magnetic field can be stoped to form annular whirlpool on involucrum surface Stream, leads to the loss of involucrum surface eddy can reduce more than 90%, make simultaneously the absorbed power of molten bath melt can rise 8%～ 10%, total consumed power will decline about 5%.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：1st, due to providing two sets of vacuum tank smelting equipments, shared collector, vacuumize unit System and argon recovery systems, two complete equipment rotations are used for the supplement of metal smelt production and reduction by ferrosilicon agent, two complete equipments Rotation controlled by vacuum stop valve, without blowing out operation, the molten iron of smelting duriron is derived from the melt after refining reactive magnesium terminates Remaining molten iron in bag, thus realize recycling of molten iron, it is to avoid refining reactive magnesium terminates the waste of rear molten iron, realizes continuous Refining magnesium, the production cycle shortens to 30min by 10h.2nd, the thermal source due to adopting is electricity, and compare Pidgeon process, the discharge of pollutant Greatly reduce, ton coal energy consumption and production cost also decrease.3rd, due to using outer yoke and inner yoke induction heating mode, right Melt reducing agent in molten bath directly heats, and so that the leakage field of melt bag yoke system is significantly reduced, and can stop radial magnetic field Form vortex ring on involucrum surface, so that the loss of melt bag involucrum surface eddy can reduce more than 90%, make molten bath simultaneously The absorbed power of melt can rise 8%～10%, and total consumed power will decline about 5%, and it is strong to have stirring action to molten bath. 4th, due to vacuum dust podwer gun in gun system carry can change podwer gun pipette tips vacuum chamber and can completely cut off vacuum reaction chamber with The vacuum stop valve a of vacuum chamber, is the fluid-mixing pair of injection from vacuum container cover and splashproof tops insertion melt bag molten bath The stirring action power in molten bath and electromagnetic induction intercouple to the mixing power in molten bath and form the field of flow of suppression splash, thus realizing The replacing of podwer gun pipette tips in smelting process, and the time of staying being reduced powder in the melt can be extended, increase reaction Speed, can prevent solution in molten bath, slag liquid from splashing again.5th, due to being provided with two sets band heater or being arranged to carry water-cooling wall Collector, by controlling the heater heating-up temperature of collector or controlling the water yield of cooling water and hydraulic pressure, the gold that reaction generates Genus steam can carry out liquid under vacuo or solid-state is collected, and does not affect the continuity of reduction process, and the metal of liquid collection can Carry out refining treatment operation.6th, due to siphon pipe path built-in electrical heating slag heater, so that slag begins in siphon pipeline Keep preferable mobility eventually.7th, due to being provided with by argon gas deduster after vacuumizing machine set system, reclaiming argon gas basin, argon The argon recovery systems of gas force (forcing) pump composition, so that the argon gas from batch mixing injection system is purified, are again used to Batch mixing injection system carries out batch mixing injection, realizes recycling of argon gas, saves resource and cost.8th, dividing due to melt bag Bar non-magnetic rustproof steel plate designs, and plays the effect reducing electromagnetic induction loss and reducing melt thermal loss in bag, outer yoke line Ring box frame can be along the certain angle of the axis of rotation setting, to topple over slag or partial reduction melt together with melt bag etc.. 9th, setting Splashproof cover can make the slag splashing and metal be blocked in melt bag outside and splash in vacuum tank, simultaneously will reaction life The metallic vapour becoming concentrates in the space between Splashproof cover and melt bag.10th, accident treatment apparatus are set, if molten in melt bag There is seepage in body, accident melt reduction safety valve is blown, and melt entrance accident melt reduction pours foundry pit and can collect melt, and Melt safety valve, so that vacuum tank is connected with the accident Melt launder of its underpart or accident bag, accident melt reduction is by vacuum tank Inflow accident Melt launder entrance accident melt reduction pours removal in foundry pit direct pouring finished product ferroalloy or inflow accident bag Process.11st, melt bag overflow the excessive slag situation of cinder notch, the reaction condition in melt bag can be by the observation being welded on vacuum container cover Window and television camera are observed.

Brief description

Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of magnesium metal of the embodiment of the present invention, zinc, lead, the vacuum tank smelting equipment of lithium and the technique of method Schematic flow sheet；

Accompanying drawing 2 is the front view of the vacuum tank smelting equipment of a kind of magnesium metal of the embodiment of the present invention, zinc, lead, lithium；

Accompanying drawing 3 is the left view of Fig. 2；

Accompanying drawing 4 is the top view of Fig. 2.

In accompanying drawing：1. observation window and television camera；2. accident melt reduction pours foundry pit；3. accident Melt launder；4. receive Storage；5. may move return bend；6. vacuum charging system；7. dust removing purifier；8. vacuumize machine set system；9. thermometric sampling Gun system；10. vacuum is dusted gun system；11. slag overflow launders；12. vacuum container cover car systems；13. mixing powder powder spraying systems； 14. siphon slag slag-tapping systems；15. slag ladles；16. slag ladles and carriages；17. vacuum stop valve a；18. melt bags；19. outer yokes；20. Accident melt reduction safety valve；21. vacuum chambers；22. inner yokes；23. Splashproof covers；24. vacuum stop valve b；25. vacuum tanks；26. Vacuum container cover；27. argon gas dedusters；28. recovery argon gas basins；29. argon pressurization pumps；30. slag heaters；31. slags with Melt continuous temperature measurement system.

Specific implementation method：

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail：A kind of metal as shown in Figure 1 to 4 Magnesium, zinc, lead, the vacuum tank smelting equipment of lithium, including two sets of vacuum tank smelting equipments, mainly have vacuum tank 25, vacuum tank Lid 26, Splashproof cover 23, vacuum container cover car system 12, melt bag 18, outer yoke 19, inner yoke 22, observation window and television camera 1 The vacuum reaction chamber system of composition；Be connected to vacuum interior Splashproof cover 23 on dust removing purifier 7 collector 4 with vacuumize unit System 8 mutually uses pipeline and vacuum valve b24 to connect collection and the pumped vacuum systems of composition；By two powder powder spraying pots, connections Pipeline, the mixing powder powder spraying system 13 of valve composition, and the vacuum podwer gun with vacuum stop valve a17 and vacuum chamber 21 composition System 10；Sample the thermometric sampling gun system 9 of the thermometric sampling gun composition of vacuum chamber 21 and vacuum stop valve a17 with thermometric, very Empty charging system 6, with the siphon slag slag-tapping system 14 of slag heater 30；Melt bag 18 in vacuum reaction chamber system is used for Smelting reduction agent is reacted with smelting, and has the melt bag reducing the effect of melt thermal loss in electromagnetic induction loss and reduction bag 18 adopt the design of article points non-magnetic rustproof steel plate, and this is designed with the naked layer of adiabatic refractory felt bag, heat insulation layer, permanent layer, graphite or carbon SiClx working lining, the mode of heating of melt bag 18 uses the outer yoke 19 outwardly and inwardly being separately positioned on melt bag 18 The common sensing heating with inner yoke 22, this mode of heating makes the leakage field of melt bag yoke system significantly reduce, and can stop footpath Form vortex ring to magnetic field on involucrum surface, so that the loss of involucrum surface eddy can reduce more than 90%, make molten bath simultaneously The absorbed power of melt can rise 8%～10%, and total consumed power will decline about 5%, has stirring action to molten bath by force, sensing The melt reduction of coil inside refractory material and its interior Sheng is fixed by the melt containment wall in coil or outer yoke magazine, bottom Using magnetism-free stainless steel as collet, outer yoke 19 magazine can be certain along the axis of rotation setting together with melt bag 18 grade Angle, to topple over slag or partial reduction melt.Splashproof cover 6 is buckled on melt bag 18, and with dust removing purifier 7 with conduit even Connect, between arrange vacuum stop valve b24.Splashproof cover 6 can make the slag splashing and metal be blocked in melt bag 18 not spluttering To in vacuum tank, the metallic vapour simultaneously generating reaction concentrates in the space between Splashproof cover 23 and melt bag 18, metal The delivery line of steam is located at top or the side of Splashproof cover 23.The accident reduction that vacuum tank 25 bottom is provided with for accident emergency is molten Body safety valve 20, is provided with accident melt reduction and pours foundry pit 2, accident melt reduction safety valve 20 and accident melt reduction outside vacuum Pour foundry pit 2 to be connected by accident Melt launder 3, its principle is：Under accident condition, if in melt bag 18 there is seepage, accident in melt Melt reduction safety valve 20 is blown, and melt entrance accident melt reduction pours foundry pit 2 and can collect melt, and melts safety valve 20, so that vacuum tank is connected with the accident Melt launder 3 of its underpart or accident bag, accident melt reduction flows into accident by vacuum tank Melt launder 3 entrance accident melt reduction pours removal in foundry pit 2 direct pouring finished product ferroalloy or inflow accident bag and processes.Molten Slag overflow launder 11 is welded on the melt bag 18 side wall in vacuum tank, and melt bag 18 overflows the excessive slag situation of cinder notch, anti-in melt bag Answer situation can observe by the observation window being welded on vacuum container cover 26 and television camera 1.Powder mixture injection system 13 is true Dust gun system 10, thermometric sampling gun system 9, vacuum charging system 6 of sky is all welded on vacuum container cover 26, and Splashproof cover 23 hangs Hang under vacuum container cover 26, whole vacuum container cover 26 is hung in vacuum container cover car system 12, and is provided with horizontal stop device.Mixed Close pulvis powder spraying system 13 and include two powder powder spraying pots with valve and electronic scale gauge and connecting pipe and argon gas conveying Pipe, is opened vacuum stop valve a17, can be controlled ratio and the quality of powder by electricity from weightometer, and vacuum is dusted gun system 10 With the vacuum chamber 21 changing podwer gun pipette tips and the vacuum stop valve a17 that vacuum reaction chamber and vacuum chamber 21 can be completely cut off, dust Rifle is inserted in melt bag 18 molten bath by vacuum container cover 26 and Splashproof cover 23, is blown powder from top to melt bag 18, injection mixed Interflow body is intercoupled to the mixing power in molten bath with electromagnetic induction to the stirring action power in molten bath and forms the field of flow of suppression splash, The time of staying being reduced powder in the melt can be extended, increase reaction rate, can prevent solution in molten bath, slag liquid from flying again Splash；A small amount of splashing can be blocked in melt bag 18 in the Splashproof cover 6 under vacuum cover 7 by hanging.Thermometric sampling gun system 9 wraps Include liftable thermometric sampling gun, the vacuum chamber 21 of thermometric sampling gun pipette tips can be changed and vacuum reaction chamber and vacuum chamber 21 can be completely cut off Vacuum stop valve a17, realize thermometric and sampling under vacuum, close vacuum stop valve a17, thermometric, sampling gun pipette tips can be Thermometric sampling vacuum is changed and is realized changing pipette tips in head cavity 21 under vacuum metling state.Collect and pumped vacuum systems includes being connected to very 7, two sets of collectors 4 of dust removing purifier on Splashproof cover 23 in empty room, vacuumize machine set system 8, dust removing purifier 7 and Splashproof cover 23 are connected by the pipeline with vacuum stop valve b24, are connected with removable return bend 5 between collector 4 and dust removing purifier 7, can One stop valve is respectively set before and after mobile return bend 5, is connected with vacuumizing the pipeline with valve for the machine set system 8, collector 4 Inside with heater 30 or be arranged to the form with water-cooled, by controlling the heater heating-up temperature of collector or controlling cooling water The water yield and hydraulic pressure, metallic vapour can carry out liquid or solid-state under vacuo and collect, and do not affect the continuity of reduction process, Do not interfere with the continuous condensation of metallic vapour.Vacuumizing machine set system 8 can be by multistage vacuum pump flexible combination to reach smelting Required vacuum 3～8000Pa.Siphon slag slag-tapping system 14 is welded on vacuum tank 25 side wall, and is welded on melt bag 18 side The slag overflow launder 11 of wall connects, and electric heating tube in drier slag heater 30, can keep the mobility of slag, slag passes through Slag continuously can be entered vacuum siphon deslagging pipeline by slag overflow launder 11, be vented directly to the slag ladle 15 place in air In, and removed by slag ladle and carriage 16 it is also possible to arrange two vacuum chambers being connected with vacuum tank 25, vacuum chamber has slag ladle, vacuum Lower slag is first discharged in the slag ladle of vacuum chamber 1 being connected with vacuum tank 25, mobile slag ladle and carriage in vacuum chamber 21, close stance Valve between the first vacuum chamber and the second vacuum chamber, the connection of cut-out molten slag and the first tank chamber 1 and vacuum tank, make vacuum Tank keeps continuous vacuum to smelt, and opens positioned at the vacuum stop valve between the second vacuum chamber and atmospheric environment, canful slag is in non-real Removed by slag ladle and carriage under sky, twice vacuum valve group handover operation, change empty slag ladle from the second vacuum chamber to vacuum tank first chamber Slag ladle position, deslagging proceeds.Argon recovery systems are connected with vacuumizing the pipeline with valve for the machine set system 8, another End is connected with pipeline with mixing powder powder spraying system 13, and the argon gas that injection powder is brought into purifies through argon gas deduster 27 and reclaiming argon Reclaim in gas-reservoir tank 28, and be re-used for being blown powder.Two sets of pot type smelting equipment wheels use refining magnesium and smelting duriron reducing agent instead, Shared collector 4, vacuumize machine set system 24 and argon recovery systems and pass through to close main valve stop valve b24, can cut off true Pipeline between slack tank formula smelting equipment and collector, thus being used for smelting duriron (increase reductant concentration), smelting duriron Molten iron be refining reactive magnesium terminate after melt bag 18 in remaining molten iron, open main valve stop valve b24, you can connection vacuum tank with Collector, thus being re-used for refining reactive magnesium, greatling save the cost of reducing agent, can operate without blowing out, realizes continuous refining Magnesium.

A kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, the vacuum tank smelting process of lithium, taking refine magnesium as a example to illustrate embodiment, Qi Tajin The smelting belonging to is identical with magnesium metal smelt principle, equipment, first the ferrosilicon of 75% silicon content is added melt bag when this method is implemented Be heated to 1400 DEG C in 27, be fused into liquid after 1h, by electronic scale gauge will contain magnesium slag and cosolvent by than After example (cosolvent is according to 5% interpolation containing magnesium slag) weighs, and open the strength that stop valve conveys by argon gas in the duct and mix Close, sprayed in liquid-state silicon iron reducer by the vacuum gun system 10 that dusts, open and vacuumize machine set system 8 and make the pressure in vacuum tank It is down to by force 1000Pa, in smelting process, lifting thermometric sampling gun enters to the first slag in melt bag 18, middle slag, finishing slag and ferrosilicon liquid Row sampling, its composition of on-line analysis, when in vacuum reaction chamber pressure be 1000Pa, temperature be 1400 DEG C when, sprayed into containing magnesium Breeze is reduced by ferrosilicon liquid and generates elemental magnesium, can see that a large amount of magnesium steam overflow the upper space of melt bag 18 in observation window Interior, under the draft of vacuum system acts on, dust removing purifier 7, collector 4 are entered by the wireway on Splashproof cover 23, control The temperature of collector 4 built-in electric heater is 700 DEG C, obtains the liquid magnesium that content is 93% about, when one of collector When filling, the valve closing this collector carries out processing magnesium liquid, and the valve opening another collector continues to collect magnesium, works as melt When slag slag line in bag 18 exceeds the notch of slag overflow launder 11, enter the slag ladle in air by siphon dreg removing system 14, When being down to 30% by silicone content in sampling on-line analysis silicon liquid, close the collector being connected with this vacuum tank smelting equipment Vacuum stop valve b24, opens the vacuum stop valve b24 being connected collector 4 with another vacuum tank smelting equipment, using another Platform vacuum tank smelting equipment refines magnesium.

The metal that the embodiment of the present invention applies also for, more than reducing agent liquidus temperature, volatilizing in a gaseous form also Former：In addition to the reduction of magnesium metal, apply also for the reduction (as zinc metal reduction in steel plant's dedusting ash) of metallic zinc, and Metallic lead, the reduction of lithium metal.This reduction flow process is：1st, vacuumizing machine set system 8 can be by single-stage or multi-stage vacuum pump group Conjunction mode reaches the 8-5000Pa vacuum of reduction reaction requirement.2nd, batch mixing and injection：The respectively standby material of buying securities with all one's capital of storage powder tank, according to proportioning Require, open discharge gate respectively, by electronic weighing scale control, different types of powder is discharged into storage bin.Temperature instruction is full Foot requires, and opens storage bin discharge gate, powder mixes in pipeline process of pneumatic transmission, and sprays in vacuum tank melt bag. 3rd, thermometric sampling be placed on vacuum container cover car platform, be the thermometric sampling gun being installed in cavity stretching out on a vacuum cover and Its elevating mechanism, thermometric, sampling adopt combined probe, the installation of probe and taking-up not to affect reduction reaction and enter under vacuum OK, continuous temperature measurement system can be installed.4th, siphon slag slag-tapping system 14 continuously can pass through siphon deslagging from melt cinder inclusion liquid layer Slag is vented directly to slag ladle it is also possible to slag is first discharged under vacuum the vacuum chamber slag ladle being connected with vacuum tank by pipeline In, cut off the connection of slag ladle chamber and vacuum tank by valve, make vacuum tank continuous vacuum smelt, canful slag is under antivacuum by slag Tank car removes, twice vacuum valve group handover operation, changes empty slag ladle to the slag ladle position of vacuum tank chamber, deslagging proceeds. 5th, metal collectors 4 can control the water temperature of collection conduit inwall by controlling the water yield of cooling water and hydraulic pressure, make magnesium, zinc, Solid-state is collected it is also possible to collect under liquid under vacuo for lead, lithium metal, and the later process carrying out liquid metal is processed.

Claims (4)

1. the vacuum tank smelting equipment of a kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, lithium, by observation window and television camera (1), collector (4), vacuum charging system (6), dust removing purifier (7), thermometric sampling gun system (9), vacuum are dusted gun system (10), slag ladle (15), slag ladle and carriage (16), vacuum stop valve a (17), vacuum chamber (21), vacuum stop valve b (24), vacuum tank (25), vacuum tank Lid (26) composition, is characterized in that：Also include accident melt reduction and pour foundry pit (2), accident Melt launder (3), removable return bend (5), vacuumize machine set system (8), slag overflow launder (11), vacuum container cover car system (12), mixing powder powder spraying system (13), Siphon slag slag-tapping system (14), melt bag (18), outer yoke (19), accident melt reduction safety valve (20), inner yoke (22), Splashproof cover (23), argon gas deduster (27), recovery argon gas basin (28), argon pressurization pump (29), slag heater (30), slag With melt continuous temperature measurement system (31)；Interconnective vacuum tank (25), vacuum container cover (26), Splashproof cover (23), vacuum container cover It is anti-that car system (12), melt bag (18), outer yoke (19), inner yoke (22), observation window and television camera (1) constitute vacuum Answer chamber system；The dust removing purifier (7) that is connected in vacuum interior Splashproof cover (23), collector (4) with vacuumize machine set system (8) mutually connected with pipeline and vacuum stop valve b (24) and constitute collection and pumped vacuum systems；By interconnective two powders Powder spraying pot, connecting pipe, valve constitute mixing powder powder spraying system (13), and with vacuum stop valve a (17) and vacuum chamber (21) constitute vacuum to dust gun system (10)；Sample the thermometric sampling of vacuum chamber (21) and vacuum stop valve a (17) with thermometric Rifle constitutes thermometric sampling gun system (9)；Vacuum charging system (6) is fixedly connected under mixing powder powder spraying system (13) Portion；Siphon slag slag-tapping system (14) with slag heater (30) is arranged on the bottom of slag overflow launder (11)；Vacuum container cover (26) it is buckled on vacuum tank (25), there is rubber seal junction；Splashproof cover (23) is hung on vacuum container cover (26), outer yoke And inner yoke (22) is separately positioned on melt bag (18) outwardly and inwardly (19)；Vacuum charging system (6), vacuum podwer gun system System (10), thermometric sampling gun system (9), observation window and television camera (1) are welded on vacuum container cover (26), are only provided with laterally The vacuum container cover (26) of dynamic device is hung on vacuum container cover car system (12)；Dust removing purifier with vacuum stop valve a (17) (7) it is connected by removable return bend (5) pipeline flange with collector (4), between adpting flange, be provided with vaccum seal ring；Siphon Slag slag-tapping system (14) is welded with vacuum tank (25), and slag overflow launder (11) is welded on the wall of melt bag (18) side, and siphon is melted Slag slag-tapping system (14) slag notch is connected with outside atmosphere, and slag notch bottom is provided with slag ladle (15), and slag ladle (15) is placed in slag ladle On car (16)；Accident melt reduction safety valve (20) is arranged on vacuum tank (25) bottom, and accident melt reduction pours foundry pit (2) setting Underground outside vacuum tank, accident melt reduction pours between foundry pit (2) and accident melt reduction safety valve (20) by accident melt Chute (3) couples together；Interconnective vacuumize machine set system (8), argon gas deduster (27), reclaim argon gas basin (28), Argon pressurization pump (29) constitutes argon recovery systems；Observation window and television camera (1) are welded on vacuum container cover (26)；Molten Slag, melt continuous temperature measurement system (31) insert melt bag carbonaceous or silicon carbide refractory material from the outer yoke top of melt bag (18) In material；Melt bag (18) is the design of article points non-magnetic rustproof steel plate, is provided with the naked layer of adiabatic refractory felt bag, heat insulation layer, permanent layer, graphite Or carborundum working lining, outer yoke (19) and inner yoke (22) be separately positioned on melt bag (18) outwardly and inwardly, the line of induction Circle internal refractories and its melt reduction of interior Sheng are fixed by the melt containment wall in coil or outer yoke magazine, bottom with Magnetism-free stainless steel, can be along outer yoke (19) magazine of the certain angle of the axis of rotation setting and melt bag used as collet (18) it is fixedly connected；Splashproof cover (23) is buckled on melt bag (18), and is connected with conduit with dust removing purifier (7), between arrange Vacuum stop valve b (24)；The delivery line of metallic vapour is located at top or the side of Splashproof cover (23)；Vacuum tank (25) bottom is provided with For accident melt reduction safety valve (20) of accident emergency, vacuum tank (25) bottom is provided with accident melt reduction and pours foundry pit (2), Accident melt reduction safety valve (20) and accident melt reduction pour foundry pit (2) and are connected by accident Melt launder (3)；Vacuumize unit System (8) is by can be to reach the multistage vacuum pump flexible combination smelting required vacuum 3～8000Pa；Mixing powder dusts System (13) includes two powder powder spraying pots with valve and electronic scale gauge and connecting pipe and argon delivery lines；Vacuum is dusted The podwer gun of gun system (10) carries and can change the vacuum chamber (21) of podwer gun pipette tips and can completely cut off vacuum reaction chamber and vacuum chamber (21) vacuum stop valve a (17)；Vacuum container cover car system (12), mixing powder powder spraying system (13), vacuum are dusted gun system (10), thermometric sampling gun system (9), vacuum charging system (6) are all welded on vacuum container cover (26), whole vacuum container cover (26) hanging is on vacuum container cover car system (12)；Siphon slag slag-tapping system (14) electric heating tube in drier slag heater (30)； Two vacuum chambers being connected with vacuum tank (25) are set, and vacuum chamber has slag ladle.

2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, lithium vacuum tank smelting equipment it is characterised in that：Collect And pumped vacuum systems includes being connected to dust removing purifier (7) in vacuum interior Splashproof cover (23), two sets collectors (4), takes out very Empty machine set system (8), dust removing purifier (7) is connected by the pipeline with vacuum stop valve b (24) with Splashproof cover (23), collector (4) it is connected with removable return bend (5) between dust removing purifier (7), before and after removable return bend (5), respectively setting one is cut Disconnected valve, is connected with vacuumizing the pipeline with valve for the machine set system (8), band slag heater (30) in collector (4), slag adds Hot device (30) is arranged to the form with water-cooled.

3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of magnesium metal, zinc, lead, lithium vacuum tank smelting equipment it is characterised in that：Comprise Two sets of vacuum tank smelting equipments adopting induction heating mode or electric arc, heating plasma mode, two sets of vacuum tank are smelted Equipment and a set of collector (4), vacuumize machine set system (8), argon gas deduster (27), reclaim argon gas basin (28), argon gas adds Press pump (29) connects.

4. the vacuum tank smelting process of a kind of magnesium metal, adds including first adding 35%～95% ferrosilicon in melt bag (18) Heat is fused into liquid after being warming up to 1350～1680 DEG C, cosolvent according to 3%～10% interpolation containing magnesium slag, containing magnesium slag and Cosolvent is mixed before entering powder spraying pot, or after uniformly being mixed by inert gas in batch mixing pipeline, by vacuum podwer gun system System (10) continuously sprays in liquid-state silicon iron reducer, open vacuumize machine set system (8) make the pressure in vacuum tank be down to 3～ 5000Pa, being reduced by ferrosilicon liquid containing magnesium slag of being sprayed into generates elemental magnesium, and overflows melt bag (18) in the form of magnesium steam Upper space in, vacuum system draft act under, by the wireway on Splashproof cover (23) in dust removing purifier (7) Purify, collector is collected in (4), when the slag slag line in melt bag (18) exceeds the notch of slag overflow launder (11), Slag ladle in air is entered by siphon dreg removing system (14)；The metallic vapour that reaction generates is derived through Splashproof cover (23) delivery line Enter in collector (4) after purifying in dust removing purifier (7) afterwards and be collected, by controlling the heater heating-up temperature of collector Or controlling the water yield of cooling water and hydraulic pressure, metallic vapour can carry out liquid under vacuo or solid-state is collected, and does not affect to reduce The continuity of journey, does not interfere with the continuous condensation of metallic vapour yet, and the metal of liquid collection can enter refining treatment operation；Argon gas Recovery system is collected and is come from the argon gas vacuumizing machine set system (8), is connected to argon gas deduster (27), reclaims argon gas basin (28), in the pipeline of argon pressurization pump (29), the argon gas brought into during injecting mixed material, overflows, by taking out after entering molten bath Vacuum pump set system (8) argon pressurization pump (29) finally enters argon gas deduster (27), reclaims argon gas basin (28) through pipeline, Recycled；It is blown powder at vacuum tank (25) top, molten bath is stirred, increase refining reactive magnesium speed, its stirring side To the electromagnetic force mixing power opposite direction with sensing heating, both having taken into account agitation molten pool increases reaction rate, and take into account prevents in molten bath again Solution, slag liquid splash；A small amount of splashing can be blocked in melt bag by the Splashproof cover (23) under vacuum container cover (26) by hanging (18) in；It is characterized in that：Slag continuously can be entered vacuum by slag overflow launder (11) by the slag in melt bag (18) Slag is first discharged under vacuum and vacuum tank (25) phase by siphon deslagging pipeline, setting and tank connected two vacuum chambers of vacuum In the slag ladle of first vacuum chamber even, mobile slag ladle and carriage, in second vacuum chamber, cuts out and is located at first vacuum chamber and the Valve between two vacuum chambers, first slag ladle chamber of cut-out and the connection of vacuum tank, make vacuum tank keep continuous vacuum smelting Refining, opens positioned at second vacuum stop valve between vacuum chamber and atmospheric environment, canful slag is moved by slag ladle and carriage under antivacuum Go out, twice vacuum valve group handover operation, change empty slag ladle from second vacuum chamber to the slag ladle position of first vacuum tank chamber, Deslagging proceeds；Two sets of vacuum tank smelting equipments adopting induction heating mode or electric arc, heating plasma mode, share A set of collector (4), vacuumize machine set system (8), argon gas deduster (27), reclaim argon gas basin (28), argon pressurization pump (29) when, wherein a set of vacuum tank smelting equipment is used for refining reactive magnesium, another set of for smelting duriron reducing agent；Close total Valve stop valve b (24), can cut off the pipeline between vacuum tank smelting equipment and collector, thus (increasing for smelting duriron Plus reductant concentration), the molten iron of smelting duriron is to refine remaining molten iron in the melt bag (18) after reactive magnesium terminates, and opens main valve Stop valve b (24), you can connection vacuum tank and collector, thus being re-used for refining reactive magnesium, greatlys save the one-tenth of reducing agent This, can operate without blowing out, realizes continuous refining magnesium；Thermometric sampling gun carry jacking system, thermometric and sampling under achievable vacuum, Close vacuum stop valve a (17), the pipette tips of thermometric sampling gun can realize vacuum metling state in thermometric sampling vacuum chamber (21) Lower replacing pipette tips；Inner yoke (22) makes the leakage field of melt bag yoke system significantly reduce with the mode of heating of outer yoke (19), and Radial magnetic field can be stoped to form vortex ring on involucrum surface, lead to the loss of involucrum surface eddy can reduce more than 90%, simultaneously Make the absorbed power of molten bath melt can rise 8%～10%, total consumed power will decline about 5%.