CN111270088B - System and method for continuously smelting magnesium by liquid stirring through induction heating - Google Patents
System and method for continuously smelting magnesium by liquid stirring through induction heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN111270088B CN111270088B CN202010084600.6A CN202010084600A CN111270088B CN 111270088 B CN111270088 B CN 111270088B CN 202010084600 A CN202010084600 A CN 202010084600A CN 111270088 B CN111270088 B CN 111270088B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/16—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for continuously smelting magnesium by liquid stirring through induction heating. Wherein, the system includes: ferrosilicon, magnesium ore and flux raw material bins, wherein each raw material bin is provided with an inert gas inlet and a vacuumizing port; a feeding mechanism; the smelting mechanism comprises a closed chamber and an induction furnace, the induction furnace is arranged in the closed chamber, a feeding pipeline and a flue gas pipeline are arranged at the top of the induction furnace, the feeding pipeline extends out of the closed chamber and is connected with the screw conveyor, the flue gas pipeline extends out of the closed chamber, and a slag outlet and a tap hole are arranged at the side part of the induction furnace; the induction furnace is also provided with a stirring paddle; wherein, inert gas inlets are arranged on the side walls of the closed chamber and the induction furnace, and vacuumizing ports are arranged on the top wall of the closed chamber and the flue gas pipeline. The system adopts micro negative pressure or normal pressure operation, can realize continuous feeding and discharging, realizes continuous production of magnesium metal, and reduces production cost. Can effectively reduce the splash and smoke dust content and improve the quality of the original magnesium and the stable running condition of the equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a system and a method for continuously smelting magnesium by liquid stirring through induction heating.
Background
At present, most of domestic magnesium metal production still adopts the traditional Pidgeon process, and the method has at least the following disadvantages: (1) Most of working procedures on a production site depend on manual operation, so that the labor intensity is high, and potential safety hazards are high; (2) Magnesium smelting is intermittent production, the reduction period is long, and the production efficiency is low; (3) The production process is fully open, the dust and the waste gas are more on site, the noise is large, and the environmental pollution is serious; (4) The vacuum reduction tank is high in price, short in service period and large in use amount; (5) The reduction smelting adopts an external heating mode, so that the heat utilization efficiency is low; (6) The magnesium reduction reaction is a solid-solid reaction, the reaction rate is slow, and the raw material utilization rate is low; (7) The reduction smelting is carried out under vacuum condition, the vacuum system is complex, and the operation energy consumption is high; (8) The reduced magnesium vapor is condensed into solid state at the tank mouth, so that the impurities are more, and the magnesium vapor needs to be reheated, melted and purified, thereby having high energy consumption.
The Magnetherm method in france uses ac electrodes for heating. Because the electric furnace system is huge in volume and insufficient in system vacuum degree, and dolomite raw materials are directly filled into the furnace, and carbonate in the dolomite can undergo high-temperature endothermic decomposition reaction, the temperature is high during magnesium smelting in the electric furnace. In addition, the directly input raw materials and a ferrosilicon molten pool are mixed by means of melt heat convection, the reaction rate in the molten pool is low, the temperature and the components are uneven, a flow field dead zone is easy to form, the utilization rate of the raw materials and the reducing agent is low, and the smelting period is long. The whole production period is reported to be 16-24 hours, 3-8 t of metal magnesium can be produced in one day, 7t of raw material consumption is consumed for ton of magnesium, and the production efficiency is low.
In the technology of CN103882246a, ferrosilicon is melted in a melting furnace and then poured into a ferrosilicon ladle in a vacuum reduction chamber. Because the vacuum chamber is not provided with a heating device, magnesium reduction and metal magnesium evaporation are both endothermic reactions, and the magnesium mineral powder needs to be blown into ferrosilicon liquid, the temperature of a melt in the ferrosilicon bag is easy to be rapidly reduced, the viscosity of the melt is increased, the reduction reaction rate is reduced, and magnesium vapor is easy to be condensed in a pipeline due to insufficient overheating. Even if the heating mode is adopted in the blowing process as shown in CN105970004A, CN105950889A, CN107541608A, a large amount of heat of the melt can be taken away due to excessive injection amount, and the thermal efficiency of the device is reduced. And a large amount of smoke dust can be generated by blowing, so that a device and a smoke system are polluted, the purity of crude magnesium is reduced, and the subsequent burden of smoke treatment and magnesium refining is increased. In addition, raw materials containing magnesium such as calcined dolomite used are not only required to be ground finely, but also are easy to absorb water and deliquesce, so that the material pipe is blocked, and stable production is not easy. And most of the technologies need to maintain the vacuum environment of the system, increasing the burden of the system, thereby increasing the energy consumption and the cost.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved system and method for smelting magnesium.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for induction heating liquid state stirred continuous magnesium production. The system or the method adopts micro negative pressure or normal pressure operation, the burden of a vacuum system is small, and the energy power consumption is low. Short technological process, less equipment investment and high automation degree. The reduction reaction rate is fast, the production efficiency is high, and the metal recovery rate is high. Can realize continuous feeding and discharging, realize continuous production of magnesium metal and reduce production cost. Can effectively reduce the splash and smoke dust content and improve the quality of the original magnesium and the stable running condition of the equipment.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a magnesium smelting system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the magnesium production system includes:
the device comprises a silicon iron bin, a magnesium mineral bin and a flux bin, wherein the silicon iron bin, the magnesium mineral bin and the flux bin are respectively provided with a material outlet, an inert gas inlet and a vacuumizing port;
the feeding mechanism comprises a doser and a screw conveyor, the doser is connected with the material outlet, and an inert gas inlet is arranged on the screw conveyor;
the smelting mechanism comprises a closed chamber and an induction furnace, wherein the induction furnace is arranged in the closed chamber, a feeding pipeline and a flue gas pipeline are arranged at the top of the induction furnace, the feeding pipeline extends out of the closed chamber and is connected with the screw conveyor, the flue gas pipeline extends out of the closed chamber, a slag outlet and a tapping hole are arranged on the side part of the induction furnace, and the slag outlet and the tapping hole extend out of the closed chamber in a siphon type discharging mode; the induction furnace is also provided with a stirring paddle, and the stirring paddle extends into the induction furnace from the top of the induction furnace; the top wall of the closed chamber and the flue gas pipeline are provided with vacuumizing ports.
The magnesium smelting system provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for smelting magnesium, firstly, air in the equipment is discharged through the vacuumizing ports on each bin, the closed chamber and the induction furnace, and inert gas is filled through the inert gas inlet, so that the inside of the equipment is in a normal pressure or micro negative pressure state. And then the ferrosilicon alloy is sent into a hearth of an induction furnace through a feeding mechanism, and heated to melt the ferrosilicon alloy, so that a molten pool is formed in the hearth of the induction furnace. Subsequently, the stirring paddles are vertically lowered into the molten pool, the molten pool continuously rotates under the action of the stirring paddles, and vortex is formed on the surface of the melt and close to the central area of the paddle rod of the stirring paddles. Further, magnesium ore and flux are metered into the bath and the drop-in point is brought vertically into proximity to the stirring zone. Magnesium ore and flux enter a molten pool under the entrainment action of the vortex of the molten pool, and magnesium reduction reaction is carried out on the magnesium ore and the flux and silicon element in the molten pool, so as to obtain magnesium vapor, silicon-containing molten iron and slag. Along with the progress of the reaction, the silicon content in the molten pool is gradually reduced, and ferrosilicon, magnesium ore and flux can be continuously added into the molten pool, so that continuous production of metal magnesium is realized. Therefore, the system adopts micro negative pressure or normal pressure operation, does not need vacuum or operates under a low vacuum condition, and has the advantages of small load of a vacuum system and low energy power consumption. Short technological process, less equipment investment and high automation degree. The reduction reaction rate is fast, the production efficiency is high, and the metal recovery rate is high. Can realize continuous feeding and discharging, realize continuous production of magnesium metal and reduce production cost. Can effectively reduce the splash and smoke dust content and improve the quality of the original magnesium and the stable running condition of the equipment.
In addition, the magnesium smelting system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the silicon iron bin, the magnesium ore bin, and the flux bin each include an upper bin and a lower bin.
In some embodiments of the invention, valves are provided between the upper bin and the lower bin, and between the lower bin and the doser.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inert gas inlets on the side wall of the induction furnace comprise a plurality of inert gas inlets which are symmetrically arranged at the center of the induction furnace.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a magnesium smelting process implemented using the magnesium smelting system of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: (1) Vacuumizing the magnesium smelting system by using a vacuumizing device, and filling inert gas into the magnesium smelting system; feeding ferrosilicon into an induction furnace and heating and melting the ferrosilicon so as to form a molten pool; (2) Stirring the molten pool by using a stirring paddle, and adding magnesium ore and flux to perform a reduction reaction so as to obtain magnesium vapor, silicon-containing molten iron and slag; (3) And supplementing the ferrosilicon, the magnesium ore and the flux into the molten pool according to the reaction progress of the reduction reaction.
The magnesium smelting method provided by the embodiment of the invention is adopted to smelt magnesium, firstly, air in the equipment is discharged through the vacuumizing ports on each bin, the closed chamber and the induction furnace, and inert gas is filled through the inert gas inlet, so that the inside of the equipment is in a normal pressure or micro negative pressure state. And then the ferrosilicon alloy is sent into a hearth of an induction furnace through a feeding mechanism, and heated to melt the ferrosilicon alloy, so that a molten pool is formed in the hearth of the induction furnace. Subsequently, the stirring paddles are vertically lowered into the molten pool, the molten pool continuously rotates under the action of the stirring paddles, and vortex is formed on the surface of the melt and close to the central area of the paddle rod of the stirring paddles. Further, magnesium ore and flux are metered into the bath and the drop-in point is brought vertically into proximity to the stirring zone. Magnesium ore and flux enter a molten pool under the entrainment action of the vortex of the molten pool, and magnesium reduction reaction is carried out on the magnesium ore and the flux and silicon element in the molten pool, so as to obtain magnesium vapor, silicon-containing molten iron and slag. Along with the progress of the reaction, the silicon content in the molten pool is gradually reduced, and ferrosilicon, magnesium ore and flux can be continuously added into the molten pool, so that continuous production of metal magnesium is realized. Therefore, the system is operated by adopting normal pressure or micro negative pressure, does not need vacuum or operates under a low vacuum condition, and has the advantages of small burden of a vacuum system and low energy power consumption. Short technological process, less equipment investment and high automation degree. The reduction reaction rate is fast, the production efficiency is high, and the metal recovery rate is high. Can realize continuous feeding and discharging, realize continuous production of magnesium metal and reduce production cost. Can effectively reduce the splash and smoke dust content and improve the quality of the original magnesium and the stable running condition of the equipment.
In addition, the magnesium smelting method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the silicon content in the ferrosilicon is not less than 75wt%.
In some embodiments of the invention, the magnesium ore comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of calcined dolomite and calcined magnesite.
In some embodiments of the invention, the flux comprises at least one selected from fluorite, potassium fluoride, and sodium fluoride.
In some embodiments of the invention, the average particle size of the ferrosilicon is 2 to 30mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the magnesium ore has an average particle size of 5 to 50mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the flux has an average particle size of 5 to 50mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the magnesium ore to the flux is 100 (1-10).
In some embodiments of the invention, the depth of the molten pool is 20-50% of the depth of the hearth of the induction furnace.
In some embodiments of the invention, the reduction reaction is carried out at a temperature of 1450 to 1650 ℃ and a pressure of 0.06 to 0.12 MPa.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnesium production system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a stirring paddle stirring a molten bath in a magnesium production system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the relative position of the raw material feed location and other areas in a magnesium production system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. The examples are not to be construed as limiting the specific techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or as per the specifications of the product. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a magnesium smelting system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the magnesium production system includes:
a material bin, the material bin comprising: the ferrosilicon bin 110, the magnesium mineral bin 120 and the flux bin 130 are provided with a material outlet (not shown in the drawing), an inert gas inlet 10 and a vacuumizing port 20;
the feeding mechanism comprises a doser 210 and a screw conveyor 220, wherein the doser 210 is connected with a material outlet of each material bin, and the screw conveyor 220 is provided with an inert gas inlet 10;
the smelting mechanism comprises a closed chamber 310 and an induction furnace 320, wherein the induction furnace 320 is arranged in the closed chamber 310, a feeding pipeline 321 and a flue gas pipeline 322 are arranged at the top of the induction furnace 320, the feeding pipeline 321 extends out of the closed chamber 310 and is connected with the screw conveyor 220, the flue gas pipeline 322 extends out of the closed chamber 310, a slag hole 323 and a tap hole 324 are arranged on the side part of the induction furnace 320, and the slag hole 323 and the tap hole 324 extend out of the closed chamber 310 in a siphon discharge mode; the induction furnace 320 is also provided with a stirring paddle 325, and the stirring paddle 325 stretches into the induction furnace 320 from the top of the induction furnace 320; wherein, inert gas inlets 10 are arranged on the side walls of the closed chamber 310 and the induction furnace 320, and vacuumizing ports 20 are arranged on the top wall of the closed chamber 310 and the flue gas pipeline 322.
In particular, the inert gas inlet 10, the evacuation port 20 described above may be connected to an external inert gas source or evacuation equipment by means of corresponding pipes.
The magnesium production system according to the embodiment of the present invention is further described in detail below.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ferrosilicon silo 110, the magnesium silo 120, and the flux silo 130 each have a material outlet (not shown in the drawing), an inert gas inlet 10, and a vacuum outlet 20. Specifically, the ferrosilicon bin, the magnesium ore bin and the flux bin are respectively suitable for storing ferrosilicon, magnesium ore and flux, and each bin is provided with an inert gas inlet and a vacuumizing port so as to control the overall atmosphere and air pressure of each bin and the magnesium smelting system.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ferrosilicon bin 110, the magnesium mineral bin 120, and the flux bin 130 each include an upper bin and a lower bin. That is, each bin adopts an upper bin and a lower bin so as to facilitate the sealing of the material gas.
According to an embodiment of the invention, valves 30 are provided between the upper bin and the lower bin of each material bin, and between the lower bin and the doser 210. Therefore, the atmosphere and air pressure between the upper bin and the lower bin can be conveniently controlled, and the feeding amount of each material can be conveniently controlled.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the silicon content in the ferrosilicon is not less than 75wt%, preferably 75 ferrosilicon. Therefore, the silicon iron raw material has lower melting point and higher silicon content, and can effectively improve the reduction reaction efficiency and the recovery rate of magnesium metal. In addition, a low melting point alloy of silicon-manganese alloy or silicon and other heavy metals may be used as the reducing agent for smelting magnesium, but the effect on iron alloy is poor, and will not be described here again.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the magnesium ore may include at least one selected from dolomite and magnesite, and the magnesium ore has a wide source and a high magnesium content, and the recovery rate of metal magnesium is high by reduction smelting with ferrosilicon. In addition, the magnesium ore can be calcined or not before being used, and the calcined magnesium ore has better reactivity in smelting.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flux may include at least one selected from fluorite, potassium fluoride, and sodium fluoride. By adopting the flux, the reduction effect of magnesium ore can be further improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the ferrosilicon, the magnesium ore and the flux are subjected to crushing treatment in advance before being put into the corresponding bin. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the ferrosilicon may be 2 to 30mm (e.g., 2mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, etc.), the average particle size of the magnesium ore may be 5 to 50mm (e.g., 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, etc.), and the average particle size of the flux may be 3 to 50mm (e.g., 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, etc.). By controlling the particle size of each material within the above range, the progress of the reduction reaction can be further facilitated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding mechanism comprises a doser 210 and a screw conveyor 220, wherein the doser 210 is connected with a material outlet of each material bin, and the screw conveyor 220 is provided with an inert gas inlet 10. The doser 210 is adapted to take material from each bin and feed the material into the induction furnace 320 using the screw conveyor 220. The screw conveyor 220 is provided with an inert gas inlet 10, and inert gas can be filled into the system through the inert gas inlet 10 after the system is vacuumized, so as to assist in controlling the atmosphere and the air pressure in the system.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the smelting mechanism enclosure 310 and the induction furnace 320 are adapted to perform a reduction process on magnesium ore using ferrosilicon and flux to obtain magnesium vapor, molten silicon-containing iron, and slag.
Specifically, the induction furnace 320 is disposed in the closed chamber 310 to facilitate the control of atmosphere and air pressure in the induction furnace 320. Before smelting, the closed chamber 310 and the induction furnace 320 are first vacuumized, and then inert gas (such as argon) is filled into the closed chamber 310 and the induction furnace 320 so that the air pressure in the closed chamber 310 and the induction furnace 320 reaches a predetermined range. Subsequently, ferrosilicon is added into the induction furnace 320. In some embodiments of the invention, the induction furnace liner is constructed of a graphite refractory 326 and has a magnesia refractory formed on its surface. The graphite refractory material generates induction heat under the action of an induction electromagnetic field, and heats ferrosilicon to form a molten pool. Further, the stirring paddles are vertically lowered into the molten pool, the molten pool is continuously rotated under the action of the stirring paddles, vortex is formed on the surface of the melt and close to the central area of the paddle rod of the stirring paddles (shown in figure 2), then magnesium ore and flux are metered and added into the molten pool, and the feeding point is vertically lowered to be close to the stirring area (shown in figure 3). Magnesium ore and flux enter a molten pool under the entrainment action of vortex flow of the molten pool, magnesium reduction reaction is carried out on the magnesium ore and flux and silicon element in the molten pool, the magnesium metal obtained through reduction escapes from the molten pool in the form of magnesium vapor after being heated, the magnesium metal enters a gas phase, the magnesium ore and the flux are discharged from a flue gas pipeline along with inert gas flow or under the vacuumizing action, and the subsequent magnesium vapor can be collected through condensation to obtain liquid crude magnesium or magnesium ingots. Silica generated by magnesium reduction reacts with flux, calcium oxide in magnesium ore and the like to generate slag, after the slag is accumulated in a certain depth in the furnace, a slag outlet is opened, and the slag is discharged under the siphon action, so that the magnesium-magnesium alloy slag can be sold for producing building materials and other purposes.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reactions mainly involved in the above-described reduction reaction include:
2MgO(s)+Si(Fe)(l)＝2Mg(g)+SiO 2 (s)
SiO 2 (s)+2CaO(s)＝2CaO·SiO 2 (l)
further, as the reduction reaction is carried out, the silicon content in the molten pool is gradually reduced, ferrosilicon can be continuously added into the induction furnace, after the accumulated ferrosilicon containing water in the molten pool reaches a certain depth, a tapping hole on the side part of the furnace body is opened to discharge and collect the ferrosilicon containing water, and the ferrosilicon containing water can be used as low ferrosilicon alloy for sale or re-smelting into high ferrosilicon alloy to return to magnesium smelting. In addition, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the ferrosilicon solution with the depth of about 10-20% of the hearth is always contained in the induction furnace as a molten pool. Therefore, the method can not only accelerate the melting speed of solid raw materials such as magnesium ores, fluxes and the like and improve the heating efficiency and speed of an induction furnace, but also be used as a high-temperature catalyst and a heat accumulation molten pool, so as to promote the magnesium reduction speed and further improve the production speed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the ferrosilicon is added into the induction furnace at the initial stage of smelting, wherein the depth of a molten pool formed by the ferrosilicon is preferably 20-50% of the depth of a hearth of the induction furnace, and more preferably 30-40%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the stage of immersing the stirring paddle in the molten pool, the immersing amount of the head part of the stirring paddle is preferably 70-90%, so that the molten pool is stirred, axial flow and radial flow (shown in figure 3) can be generated inside the melt under the stirring action of the stirring paddle, the added solid raw materials are promoted to be rapidly involved in the molten pool and react with ferrosilicon, the non-uniformity of the temperature and chemical components of the molten pool is reduced, and magnesium vapor generated by reduction is helped to be taken out of the molten pool, so that the reaction speed is improved.
In fig. 3, 1 is the raw material drop zone, 2 is the stirring zone, 3 is the bath zone, and 4 is the flue outlet projection, according to an embodiment of the invention. By controlling the falling area of the raw materials to be close to the stirring area, magnesium ore and flux can enter the molten pool under the entrainment action of vortex of the molten pool, and magnesium reduction reaction is carried out with silicon element in the molten pool.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the inert gas inlet 10 at the sidewall of the induction furnace 320 includes a plurality of inert gas inlets symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the induction furnace. Thereby, it is possible to further facilitate control of atmosphere and air pressure in the induction furnace.
In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the induction furnace is also suitable for smelting magnesium under vacuum conditions. Specifically, vacuum magnesium smelting can be performed by vacuumizing the closed chamber and the induction furnace without filling inert gas into the furnace, namely, by vacuumizing the closed chamber and the induction furnace into low vacuum. Therefore, the system provided by the invention has the functions of smelting magnesium at normal pressure and smelting magnesium in vacuum.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a magnesium smelting process implemented using the magnesium smelting system of the above embodiment. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: (1) Vacuumizing the magnesium smelting system by using a vacuumizing device, and filling inert gas into the magnesium smelting system; feeding ferrosilicon into an induction furnace and heating and melting the ferrosilicon so as to form a molten pool; (2) Stirring the molten pool by using a stirring paddle, and adding magnesium ore and flux to perform a reduction reaction so as to obtain magnesium vapor, silicon-containing molten iron and slag; (3) And supplementing ferrosilicon, magnesium ore and flux into the molten pool according to the reaction progress of the reduction reaction.
According to a specific example of the present invention, the above magnesium-smelting method includes:
(1) Firstly, crushing ferrosilicon alloy with Si content not less than 75% into blocks with particle size of 2-30 mm. The flux is crushed and sieved into particles with the particle size of 5-50 mm. The magnesium-containing ore is crushed into blocks with the particle size of 5-50 mm. All raw materials are placed into corresponding raw material bins, the raw material bins are sealed by adopting an upper bin and a lower bin, and pipelines for exhausting air and filling argon are simultaneously arranged in the raw material bins, so that air in the bins is discharged in time, and the argon is filled to stabilize the air pressure in the bins.
The magnesium-containing ore can be one or more of raw materials such as non-calcined dolomite, magnesite and the like after calcination.
The flux can be one or more of fluorite, potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride and other raw materials.
Besides 75 ferrosilicon, low-melting-point alloy composed of Si-Mn or Si and other metals can be used as magnesium reducer.
(2) In an induction furnace, firstly, ferrosilicon is heated and melted into liquid state, and the temperature of the ferrosilicon liquid is controlled between 1450 and 1650 ℃. The inner lining of the induction furnace is made of graphite refractory material, and the outer layer is made of magnesium refractory material. The graphite refractory material generates induction heat under the action of an induction electromagnetic field, heats and melts ferrosilicon alloy in the furnace, forms a liquid molten pool in the furnace, and the amount of the molten pool accounts for about 20-50% of the capacity of the induction furnace.
(3) The whole induction heating furnace body adopts a sealing design, a closed chamber is arranged outside, and the closed chamber and the induction furnace are both provided with vacuumizing and argon filling pipelines. Wherein the argon gas charging holes of the furnace body are arranged at the upper part of the side surface of the furnace body, and 2 argon gas charging holes are oppositely arranged. In the heating operation process of the furnace body, argon gas flow can be simultaneously filled into the closed chamber and the furnace body to manufacture inert atmosphere for magnesium smelting. At this time, the atmosphere pressure in the closed chamber is slightly larger than the atmosphere pressure in the induction furnace.
In addition, besides the continuous filling of argon gas into the furnace and the closed chamber to maintain the normal pressure or micro negative pressure level in the furnace for magnesium smelting process, the vacuum magnesium smelting can be carried out by closing argon gas and simultaneously pumping the furnace body and the closed chamber into a low vacuum mode. Therefore, the device can have the functions of normal pressure and vacuum smelting.
(4) After a ferrosilicon molten pool is formed in the furnace, the mechanical stirring paddle is vertically lowered into the alloy molten pool, and the immersing amount of the paddle head is about 70-90%. Then, the stirring paddle is started, the molten pool continuously rotates under the action of the stirring paddle, and vortex is formed on the surface of the melt close to the central area of the paddle rod. At this time, the raw materials such as magnesium ore, flux and the like are added into a molten pool in the furnace under the action of a screw conveyor, and the feeding point of the raw materials is close to a stirring area. Under the entrainment of the vortex of the molten pool, the solid raw material is brought into the alloy molten pool to perform magnesium reduction reaction with Si element in the molten pool.
(5) MgO in magnesium ore and Si in ferrosilicon liquid undergo a reduction reaction to generate metal Mg, the metal Mg is heated and gasified, escapes from a melt into a gas phase, is discharged from a pipeline along with argon gas flow or under the vacuumizing effect, and then the magnesium vapor is condensed and collected to obtain liquid crude magnesium or magnesium ingots. SiO produced by magnesium reduction 2 Reacts with CaO, flux and the like in the ore to generate slag, after a certain depth of slag is accumulated in the furnace, a slag outlet is opened, the slag is discharged into a slag basin under the siphon action, and the reducing slag is sold for producing building materials. The reduction reactions involved include:
2MgO(s)+Si(Fe)(l)＝2Mg(g)+SiO 2 (s)
SiO 2 (s)+2CaO(s)＝2CaO·SiO 2 (l)
(6) When the Si content in the reducing agent molten pool is reduced, ferrosilicon alloy can be continuously added into the furnace, and after the accumulated lean ferrosilicon in the molten pool reaches a certain depth, a tapping hole on the side surface of the furnace body is opened to discharge the lean ferrosilicon to a ladle. The lean silicon molten iron can be sold as low silicon iron alloy, and can also be re-smelted into high silicon iron alloy to return to magnesium smelting.
(7) In the induction furnace, the ferrosilicon liquid with the depth of 20-30% of the furnace is always kept as a reaction molten pool, so that the melting speed of solid raw materials can be increased, the heating efficiency and the heating speed of the induction furnace can be improved, the ferrosilicon liquid can also be used as a high-temperature catalyst and a heat storage molten pool, the magnesium reduction speed can be improved, and the production speed can be further improved.
Through reasonable in design's for stirring structural parameters such as paddle shape, quantity, angle, size, can make the fuse-element under stirring effect, inside produce axial flow and radial flow, promote the solid raw materials of adding to be rolled into the molten bath inside fast and with ferrosilicon liquid reaction, reduce the inhomogeneous of molten bath temperature and chemical composition, take out the magnesium vapour that the reduction produced from the molten bath at last, improve reaction rate.
As described above, the magnesium-smelting process proposed by the present invention may have at least one selected from the following advantages:
(1) A reducing agent molten pool is manufactured in an induction furnace, and a mechanical screw stirring mode is adopted to realize the stirring of melt and solid raw materials in the furnace, accelerate the reaction process and promote the homogenization of the materials and the temperature in the melt;
(2) The magnesium-containing raw material, flux and metal reducing agent are added into a molten pool in a furnace in a spiral feeding mode, and are brought into the melt to participate in the reduction reaction under the action of vortex entrainment formed by spiral stirring.
(3) And heating and transferring heat by using an induction heating mode and lining graphite refractory materials.
(4) Each raw material bin adopts vertical double-bin arrangement, and each bin is provided with an inert gas filling and vacuumizing pipeline, so that no air in the bin is ensured to enter.
(5) The induction electric furnace heating furnace body is positioned in the closed chamber, and the electric furnace and the closed chamber are both provided with vacuum air suction and inert gas injection ports, so that double-layer atmosphere protection is realized.
(7) The production process can be carried out under the normal pressure atmosphere formed by inert gas flow or directly under the vacuum condition.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Example 1
Directly crushing the calcined dolomite into blocks with the particle size of 20-40 mm, crushing the 75 ferrosilicon alloy into blocks with the particle size of 5-25 mm, crushing the flux fluorite into blocks with the particle size of 10-30 mm, and respectively loading the blocks into a storage bin.
And (3) vacuumizing the induction furnace, the closed chamber and the subsequent systems to 1000Pa, closing the vacuum system, opening the argon gas charging system, introducing argon gas into the induction furnace and the closed chamber, closing the argon gas system after the gas pressure in the induction furnace reaches 0.1MPa, and opening the vacuum system. And repeating the process for 2 times, and fully discharging residual air in the induction furnace, the closed chamber and the subsequent system. Finally, continuously introducing argon flow into the furnace, maintaining the pressure of the gas in the furnace at 0.1-0.12 MPa and the pressure of the closed chamber at 0.11-0.13 MPa.
In the exhaust process of the system, ferrosilicon alloy is added into an induction furnace, the induction furnace is electrified and heated, the temperature of the ferrosilicon alloy in the furnace is gradually increased, the ferrosilicon alloy is gradually melted into a liquid state after reaching 1500 ℃, a reducing agent molten pool is formed in the furnace, and the depth of the molten pool is about 40% of the depth of a hearth.
After the molten pool in the furnace is formed, the stirring paddle is lowered into the molten pool, the valves of the dolomite and fluorite bin are opened, the weight ratio of the dolomite to the fluorite is 100:3, and the dolomite and the fluorite are driven by the screw conveyor to be sent to the feeding pipe orifice and fall into the molten pool in the furnace. The solid raw materials are vigorously mixed with a ferrosilicon reducing agent under the vortex entrainment action on the surface of a molten pool, and magnesium reduction reaction occurs.
And after the metal magnesium vapor is reduced, the metal magnesium vapor enters a subsequent condensing system through a flue to be collected under the driving of argon flow in the furnace, so as to obtain metal magnesium liquid. When the MgO content in the slag is below 10%, a feed valve is opened to continuously feed each raw material into the furnace, so that the purpose of continuous feeding is realized.
Stopping stirring after the slag in the furnace is accumulated to 70-80% of the depth in the furnace, opening a slag outlet, and discharging the slag in the furnace to an external slag ladle under the siphon action. According to calculation, after the Si content of the lean silicon molten iron in the furnace is reduced to below 20 percent and the furnace capacity is accumulated by 40 to 50 percent in the furnace, opening a tapping hole, discharging the lean silicon molten iron to a ladle outside the furnace under the siphon action, and still keeping a molten iron pool which occupies about 10 to 20 percent of the furnace capacity in the furnace.
Example 2
Directly crushing dolomite into blocks with the grain size of 20-40 mm, crushing 75 ferrosilicon alloy into blocks with the grain size of 5-25 mm and crushing flux fluorite into blocks with the grain size of 10-30 mm, and respectively loading the blocks into a storage bin.
And (3) vacuumizing the induction furnace, the closed chamber and the subsequent system to 800-1000 Pa. Adding ferrosilicon alloy into an induction furnace, electrifying and heating, gradually increasing the temperature of the ferrosilicon alloy in the furnace to 1500 ℃, gradually melting into a liquid state, and forming a reducing agent molten pool in the furnace, wherein the depth of the molten pool is about 40% of the depth of a hearth.
After the molten pool in the furnace is formed, the stirring paddle is lowered into the molten pool, the valves of the dolomite and fluorite bin are opened, the weight ratio of the dolomite to the fluorite is 100:3, and the dolomite and the fluorite are driven by the screw conveyor to be sent to the feeding pipe orifice and fall into the molten pool in the furnace. The solid raw materials are vigorously mixed with a ferrosilicon reducing agent under the vortex entrainment action on the surface of a molten pool, and magnesium reduction reaction occurs.
And after the metal magnesium vapor is reduced, the metal magnesium vapor enters a subsequent condensing system through a flue to be collected under the driving of argon flow in the furnace, so as to obtain metal magnesium liquid. When the MgO content in the slag is below 10%, a feed valve is opened to continuously feed each raw material into the furnace, so that the purpose of continuous feeding is realized.
Stopping stirring after the slag in the furnace is accumulated to 70-80% of the depth in the furnace, opening a slag outlet, and discharging the slag in the furnace to an external slag ladle under the siphon action. According to calculation, after the Si content of the lean silicon molten iron in the furnace is reduced to below 20 percent and the furnace capacity is accumulated by 40 to 50 percent in the furnace, opening a tapping hole, discharging the lean silicon molten iron to a ladle outside the furnace under the siphon action, and still keeping a molten iron pool which occupies about 10 to 20 percent of the furnace capacity in the furnace.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A magnesium production system, comprising:
the device comprises a silicon iron bin, a magnesium mineral bin and a flux bin, wherein the silicon iron bin, the magnesium mineral bin and the flux bin are respectively provided with a material outlet, an inert gas inlet and a vacuumizing port;
the feeding mechanism comprises a doser and a screw conveyor, the doser is connected with the material outlet, and an inert gas inlet is arranged on the screw conveyor;
the smelting mechanism comprises a closed chamber and an induction furnace, the induction furnace is arranged in the closed chamber, a feeding pipeline and a flue gas pipeline are arranged at the top of the induction furnace, the feeding pipeline extends out of the closed chamber and is connected with the screw conveyor, the flue gas pipeline extends out of the closed chamber, a slag outlet and a tapping hole are arranged on the side part of the induction furnace, and the slag outlet and the tapping hole extend out of the closed chamber; the induction furnace is also provided with a stirring paddle, and the stirring paddle extends into the induction furnace from the top of the induction furnace; the top wall of the closed chamber and the flue gas pipeline are provided with vacuumizing ports;
the ferrosilicon bin, the magnesium ore bin and the flux bin comprise an upper bin and a lower bin;
the inert gas inlets are arranged on the side wall of the induction furnace and are symmetrically arranged at the center of the induction furnace.
2. The magnesium smelting system according to claim 1, wherein valves are provided between the upper bin and the lower bin, and between the lower bin and the doser.
3. A magnesium smelting method implemented by the magnesium smelting system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising:
(1) Vacuumizing the magnesium smelting system by using a vacuumizing device, and filling inert gas into the magnesium smelting system; feeding ferrosilicon into an induction furnace and heating and melting the ferrosilicon so as to form a molten pool;
(2) Stirring the molten pool by using a stirring paddle, and adding magnesium ore and flux to perform a reduction reaction so as to obtain magnesium vapor, silicon-containing molten iron and slag;
(3) Supplementing ferrosilicon, magnesium ore and flux into the molten pool according to the reaction progress of the reduction reaction;
the reduction reaction is carried out at a temperature of 1450-1650 ℃ and a pressure of 0.06-0.12 MPa.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the silicon content in the ferrosilicon is not less than 75wt%;
and/or the magnesium ore comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of calcined dolomite and calcined magnesite;
and/or the flux includes at least one selected from fluorite, potassium fluoride, and sodium fluoride.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the average particle size of the ferrosilicon is 2-30 mm;
and/or the average grain size of the magnesium ore is 5-50 mm;
and/or the average particle size of the flux is 5-50 mm.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium ore to the flux is 100: (1-10).
7. A method according to claim 3, wherein the depth of the molten pool is 20-50% of the depth of the induction furnace hearth.
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