CN104080504B - 用于改善辅助通气的装置和方法 - Google Patents
用于改善辅助通气的装置和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104080504B CN104080504B CN201280068766.2A CN201280068766A CN104080504B CN 104080504 B CN104080504 B CN 104080504B CN 201280068766 A CN201280068766 A CN 201280068766A CN 104080504 B CN104080504 B CN 104080504B
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Abstract
用于为患者提供改善的辅助通气的设备和方法。所述方法和设备相对于用于辅助通气的传统方法提供许多优点。例如,本文描述的方法和设备允许能够进行通气的设备的盲插,而无需考虑该设备是定位在气管内还是定位在食管内。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2011年12月9日提交的美国临时申请第61/569,169号的继续申请,其全文通过引证的方式并入本文。
背景技术
插管术是在患者自己不能呼吸的情况下,将插管设备的管放入患者身体的呼吸道管腔中以向肺提供辅助通气从而保持对血液的氧气供给。如果发生呼吸困难,插管术涉及将管放入患者的气管中。气管插管还涉及将气管内导管经由声带放入患者的气管中,因此照料者还必须小心避免损伤声带。在许多情况下,当把管插进患者时必须小心,因为管放置不适当会导致对患者的额外损伤。例如,许多传统插管设备依赖于充气臂带,该充气臂带对管腔形成密封以维持管在充气管腔内的位置。套口的过度膨胀会引起患者的内部出血。另一个重大的问题是必须极为小心避免将插管放入食管而不是气管。在这样的情况下,用传统的设备,第一响应者或医疗从业人员不能适当地使患者换气并且患者会经受进一步的伤害。
即使适当培训的医疗护理者和第一响应者在插管过程中也必须小心进行以避免误放插管设备或避免不希望的插入错误和损伤风险。气管内导管的耽搁和/或误放,例如将气管内导管误放到食管中,会导致潜在的神经学损伤或死亡。气管内导管的不适当放置还会危害呼吸道保护或导致通气不充分。因此,当出现医疗情况时,必须快速把管插进患者并且正确定位气管内导管。
为了降低在插管过程中并发症的风险,护理者,不论是否是第一响应者,例如急诊技师、护理人员、或护士或医生,必须尽可能快还要小心地处理以避免潜在的并发症。另外,第一响应者通常在不太理想的地点尝试将管子插进患者,例如浴室、餐厅或不导电的其它区域以提供适当的医疗治疗和照顾。
如果发生心搏停止,辅助通气还需要迅速和准确地在气管内放置插管设备使得胸部按压能够发生。在这样的情况下,插管允许肺的通气并且向血液供应氧气,而胸部按压提供血液循环。
美国心脏病协会的心肺复苏(CPR)协议之前要求在每十五次胸部按压后暂停进行两次通气。美国心脏病协会2010年的协议降低换气的频率使得在每三十次胸部按压后暂停按压以进行两次通气。据信,支持协议的该改变的主要原因为:1)减少与正压力换气相关的胸内压力,因为正压力换气降低心脏的效率;和2)将胸部按压的中断降到最小以保持恒定的动脉压。因此,如果管适当地插入患者中,现在大多数护理者只同时给患者换气并且提供压力。
图1提供了患者口腔10、舌头12和咽部14的部分视图,其中咽部14是在口腔10的后方的膜-线腔。咽部14包括食管16和气管18的开口。如图所示,食管16和气管18的开口彼此相邻。当医疗护理者试图把管子插进患者中时,护理者试图将插管设备定位在气管18内以向肺2提供氧气。如上所述,护理者试图避免将插管设备定位在食管16内,并且在这样做的过程中,通常必须缓慢进行且非常小心以避免引起不期望地损伤声带或身体内的其它结构。
食管16的壁包括横纹肌和平滑肌。由于食管16依赖于蠕动将食物朝向胃向下移动,食管16的壁是自然地顺应并且没有任何结构加固。另一方面,考虑到气管将空气运送到支气管和肺2的功能,气管18相对更强壮并且自然地不塌缩。气管18的壁包括防止气管18塌缩的多个软骨半圆环20。气管20位于食管16之前,食管16和气管的开口由小皮瓣,会厌22分开。当个体吞咽食物或其它物质时,会厌22保护气管。
图2例示了用于把管子插进患者的传统设备50。如图所示,设备50经由嘴和口腔插入到气管18中。当穿过会厌22和声带24时,护理者必须操控设备50进入气管18中而不是食管。护理者必须特别小心以避免损伤声带24。一旦放置妥当,护理者能够优选地在设备50上给气囊充气52以将设备固定在气管18内。在护理者确认放置设备50后,能够进行给患者通气。
现在,通常使用由Nellcor提供的Combitube(导管)进行导气管管理。Combitube,即公知的双管腔导气管,是由第一响应者在急诊室环境中使用的盲插导气管设备(BIAD)。Combitube旨在允许在患者呼吸困难时通过使用折口、双管腔管进行气管插管。双管腔管插入在患者呼吸道中以允许患者的肺通气。对套充气允许设备类似于气管内导管运行并且通常封闭食管,允许通气并防止肺吸入胃内容物。
但是,由于设备定位不适当的风险,放置传统插管设备是很困难的。如果没有识别的话,没有适当定位设备的风险可能是致命的。上述的传统设备需要通过在定位这样的设备的方面经过良好训练的个体来定位。此外,当放置传统设备时,即使是经过良好训练的个体,也必须小心操作。
仍需要能够有效给个体通气并且能够用给护理者最少的培训有效被定位的通气设备和/或系统。
发明内容
本发明包括用于允许改善患者的辅助通气的设备和方法。相对于传统用于辅助通气的方法,所述方法和设备提供许多优点。例如,本文描述的方法和设备允许能进行换气的设备盲插而不考虑该设备是定位在气管内还是定位在食管内。所述设备和方法的一些变型允许训练最少的旁观者和外行放置用于辅助通气的推进导气管。本文描述的设备能够设计为使得单个尺寸能够适应不同的患者尺寸,由此减少库存必须保持的不同尺寸的设备的数量。另外,具有能够适应大范围个体的设备1降低了对第一响应者的需求,该第一响应者在对患者采取行动之前评估患者的解剖学特征。对于正经受心区不适的患者,高频通气会导致更高的胸腔内压力。更高的胸腔内压力最终会降低胸部按压的有效性。当前设备和方法的变型允许控制的通气,这避免了高频通气。
在本文所述的设备和方法的某些变型中,还允许护理者执行连续的按压同时将设备插入患者。另外,所述设备和方法能够不需要停止按压地通气。所述方法和设备的变型能够减少执行CPR所需人员的数量。
如果自发的呼吸恢复,本文所述的设备的变型允许患者自己呼吸。另外,如果设备插入呼吸没有停止的患者中,由于设备处于吸气阶段的时间量,患者能够继续呼吸。
在一个示例中,一种用于给个体通气的方法,该方法可以包括以下步骤:通过将所述通气设备的工作端推入所述个体的身体通道内将通气设备插入所述个体的自然呼吸道开口内,其中所述工作端包括流体联接至第一管腔的远端开口和流体联接至第二管腔的中间开口;经由所述远端开口进行抽吸并且维持所述抽吸一段时间;通过如果所述身体通道的所述组织没有密封所述第一开口,则选择所述第一管腔为所述通气管腔;或如果所述身体通道的组织密封所述第一开口,则选择所述第二管腔为通气管腔;来从所述第一管腔或第二管腔确定通气管腔;以及经由所述通气管腔给所述患者通气。
根据本文的方法的另一个变型包括一种用于给正在经受呼吸困难的个体快速通气的方法,该方法包括:通过将通气设备的工作端推入所述个体的身体通道内将通气设备插入所述个体的自然呼吸道开口内,其中所述工作端包括流体联接至第一管腔的远端开口和流体联接至第二管腔的中间开口;经由所述远端开口提供抽吸力并且维持所述抽吸力一段时间;如果来自所述身体通道的组织没有密封所述远端开口,则经由所述第一管腔给所述个体通气,另选地,如果来自所述身体通道的组织密封所述远端开口时,则经由所述第二管腔给所述个体通气。
本发明进一步包括一种用于经由一个或更多个身体通道给个体通气的设备。例如,这样的设备可以包括:管型构件,其具有至少第一管腔和第二管腔,其中所述第一管腔流体联接至位于所述管型构件的远端部的第一开口,所述第二管腔流体联接至沿所述管型构件的壁位于靠近所述第一开口的中间开口,其中所述第一开口和中间开口在所述管型构件内流体分离;控制系统,其具有抽吸源和气体供给管腔,所述控制系统具有设置为将所述通气源联接至所述第一管腔或所述第二管腔的阀;所述控制系统还能经由所述第一开口和第一管腔进行抽吸,其中所述控制系统被设置为识别在所述第一开口的密封的形成;所述控制系统还被设置为选择地形成从所述供给管腔至所述第一管腔或第二管腔的通气路径,其中如果在所述第一开口的密封没有形成,则选择所述第一管腔为通气路径;或如果在所述第一开口形成所述密封,则选择所述第二管腔为所述通气路径;并且其中所述控制系统能够经由所述通气路径给所述个体通气。
本文所述的通气系统能够被设置为与救护设备一起使用。例如,通气系统能够被设置为与主动胸部按压设备一起使用使得通气和胸部按压被定时以提高按压和通气的有效性。联接可以是机械联接和/或电联接。通气系统可以进一步包括二氧化碳取样从而通过信号或气流将二氧化碳水平输出至监视器或本文所述的其它通知装置。
本文所述的方法和设备的变型可包括调节通气参数以改善个体的参数。这样的参数可包括通气速率、体积、压力、吸气和呼气比率以及PEEP,即呼气末正压。
所述方法和设备可进一步提供指示器信号以识别需要的胸部按压次数。这样的信号可以包括听觉信号、视觉信号和/或触觉信号。
设备的变型可包括例如可膨胀气囊的固定器、其将通气设备临时固定在身体通道中。在一些变型中,所述气囊能够联接至通气设备的工作端。
所述设备的变型可包括面罩或通过允许护理者容易地识别设备的定向用来协助插入设备的其它结构。另选地,所述面罩或其它结构能够允许护理者将设备固定至个体。
本文描述的设备的变型可以包括近端部,该近端部包括加固部以防止所述通气设备在所述个体的口中塌缩。设备可以可选地包括减压阀以调节所述个体的通气参数。所述设备的其它变型可以在外表面包括多个标记并且其中将所述通气设备插入所述自然呼吸道开口内包括将所述通气设备推进至由一个或更多个标记确定的深度。通气系统还可以基于患者或脉搏血氧仪的二氧化碳调节通气参数。另选地或另外地,二氧化碳血氧定量和/或氧气血氧定量系统能够联接至所述系统。
本文所述的系统和方法能与监视在呼吸气中的二氧化碳(CO2)的浓度或部分压力的设备(二氧化碳图)兼容。首先,这样的设备是在麻醉和重症监护的过程中使用的监视工具,当使用再呼吸系统时,其监视感兴趣的呼出的CO2。将本文所述的通气系统与这样的二氧化碳图系统集成的能力改善患者护理。另外,本文描述的系统和方法能够与例如氧气供给和/或电源供给的在急救车中的设备相兼容。在一些变型中,本文的系统还能够提供听觉或甚至视觉(通过使用显示屏)指示以在由不是经过训练的紧急救援人员的第一响应者使用系统的情况下确保正确的操作。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读本发明时,通过下文的详细说明可以最好地理解本发明。要强调地是,根据惯例,附图的各特征不是按规定比例。相反,为了清楚,各特征的尺寸是任意放大或缩小的。出于清楚的目的,在一些附图中没有描绘本发明的某些特征。附图中包括下面的图:
图1提供了患者口腔、舌头和咽部以及食管和气管的部分视图。
图2例示了用来把管子插进患者的传统设备的一个示例。
图3例示了改进的通气系统的一个示例的各部件。
图4A至4C例示了改进的通气设备的工作端的部分截面图。
图5A至5E示出了使用改进的通气设备给患者通气的过程的展示图。
图6A至6C示出了通气设备的工作端的其它变型。
图7例示了电动系统的示意图。
图8A示出了用于本文所述的充气驱动系统的示意部件的示例。
图8B提供了图8A的示意图的部件列表。
图8C示出了用于系统的各模式的列表。
图8D-8M例示了操作的各模式的各流程。
具体实施方式
在描述本发明的设备、系统和方法前,应理解本发明不限于特定的治疗应用和所述的植入部位,因为它们可以变化。还应理解地是,本文使用的术语仅出于描述特定实施方式的目的,并不旨在进行限制,因为本发明的范围仅有随附权利要求限定。
除非另有说明,本文使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。当使用术语“近端”、“远端”、“近”、“远”表示位置或相对于使用者的地点时,近端指的是靠近使用者的位置或地点,远端指的是远离使用者的位置或地点。
图3例示了根据本发明的改进的系统的示例的各部件。如图所示,通气设备100包括插入患者的工作端102。工作端可包括含第一管腔(未示出)的远端管104,其穿过通气设备100的远端开口106延伸,并且与控制单元(也称为呼吸机)150和/或供给源160通过一个或更多个近端管118流体导通。控制单元150还能包括旨在提供抽吸的装置和收集罐。在操作中,控制单元150经由第一流体路径122引导抽吸或提供真空,这相应地引起在远端开口106的抽吸或负压。源160可包括氧气、空气或期望输送到肺中通气的任何其它气体。源160能够嵌套在控制器150的物理结构中。但是,源160可以是优选的使得控制器只使用周围空气给患者通气。
控制单元150使设备100处于该状态预设时间长度并且监视在第一管腔内的压力参数或流动参数以确定是否经由第一或第二通气。图3所示的示例进一步包括具有有助于设备的适当运行的一个或更多个特征的毂108。下文将详细描述这些特征。此外,远端开口106可以包括在设备远端的任意数量的端口,只要端口与第一管腔在流体路径中。类似地,中间开口112可包括任意数量的开口,只要那些靠口与第二管腔流体导通。此外,设备的变型能够经由鼻孔而不是口腔插入。
通气设备100进一步包括容纳第二管腔(未示出)的近端管110,其在中间开口112退出设备100。如下所述,远端开口和第一管腔是与中间开口流体分离的,并且第二管腔经由设备102的工作端通至控制单元150。流体分离允许控制单元150确定使用哪个管腔以向患者通气。当设备放置在食管16中而不是气管18中时,控制单元引导流体穿过第二流体路径124,该路径流体联接至第二管腔和中间开口112。
图3所示的通气系统100还示出了优选具有排气口116的优选的罩114。系统的变型可以包括没有罩或具有例如口腔防护器或任何其它常用安装装置的其它设备的另选结构。如下所述,罩114或其它安装装置能够用来协助护理者在设备100插入患者中时适当地定向设备100。设备的变型可以包括气囊、海绵或将设备的近端区域固定至患者的任何其它结构以确保在吸入期间气体被引至肺。罩(本文所述的其它结构)可包括安全带、带条、或临时粘合剂以将罩在适当的位置固定在患者上。罩或类似的特征能够被用来确定工作端102推入患者多远。另选地或结合地,设备100可包括分等级的标记134以协助护理者适当地将设备推入患者。
图3还示出了具有允许各设备合作顺序、手动控制或设备重置的多个控制器152的控制系统150的展示图。例如,系统150可包括手动通气控制使得护理者能够手动调节患者的吸气和呼气。控制器152可包括重置通气模式或快速通气模式以执行心肺复苏。控制器150包括能有助于清洁身体通道中的碎片或体液的连续的气流模式或连续的真空模式。如果护理者决定把管子插进,控制器还能够允许护理者将设备100直接连接至气管内导管。在其它变型中,系统能够允许主动通气,其包括经由主动管腔吹气一段时间,然后吸气一段时间从而提高通气效率。
在其它变型中,控制系统150能够集成在一个或更多个设备主体102的部件中而不是作为单独的独立箱式结构。另外,通气系统100优选地能够设置为与除颤器一起工作。另选地,系统100的变型能够被设置为提供听觉、视觉或触觉感觉以显示护理者何时应该进行胸部按压。
图3还示出了具有位于工作端上的优选气囊132或其它可扩展构件的设备100的所述变型。当使用时,气囊能够位于沿着设备靠近远端开口106的任何位置。另选地或结合地,气囊可以位于靠近中间开口。
形成设备100的各管应具有足够的弹性使得设备能够经由上呼吸系统被操控。另选地或另外地,管的部分能够被构造成经得起通过患者的口或牙的塌缩。在其它变型中,系统100能够被设计为使得远端开口106之间的距离相对于中间开口112和/或罩114是可调节的(或甚至相对于梯度134可移动)。类似的变型包括相对于远端开口106、罩114和或梯度134可调节位置的中间开口112。
图4A至4C例示了本文所述的通气设备100的导气管单元或工作端102的部分截面图。
图4A例示了流体连接至远端开口106的第一管腔128和流体联接至中间开口112的第二管腔130,其中如上所述第一管腔128和第二管腔130彼此是流体分离的。图4A例示了能够基于预期患者选择远端开口106和中间开口112中间的间隔126。例如,当远端开口106位于食管或气管中时,由于中间开口112旨在定位在咽部中或咽部附近,能够针对普通身材的个体选择间隔126。在大多数情况下,通气设备100的工作端102将包括一次性使用部件。因此,通气设备100可包括在中间开口112和远端开口106之间具有不同间隔126的多个一次性部件。例如,不同的间隔能够适应婴儿、幼童、儿童和各种身体体型。
图4B例示了图4A的通气设备的工作端102的部分截面图。一旦设备在适当地定位在患者内,控制单元150经由第一流体路径122然后经由第一管腔128进行抽吸或施加真空,最终在如箭头30所示的远端开口106处形成真空。在其它变型中,操作者或护理者可以通过将气体经由第一管腔128输送或通过试图在远端开口使用抽吸以移除颗粒或其它体液来选择清理病人的食物或其它残渣。系统150将继续经由第一管腔130抽真空一段时间。如果设备100适当地定位在气管内(如下所述),系统150将开始经由第一管腔128通气。换句话说,系统100将开始循环地输送来自源160的氧气或其它气体并且移除来自患者的二氧化碳以适当地使患者的肺通气。在这种情况下,流体不需要穿过第二管腔130和中间开口112。尽管图4B示出了第一管腔128位于第二管腔130内,能够使用任意数量的变型。例如,管腔可以是同轴的或平行的。甚至允许流体导通的管腔的其它变型,其中一个或更多个阀确定经由远端开口或经由中间开口是否发生通气。
系统150可包括通气且产生抽吸或真空的机构。通常,系统150可重复使用(与通常是一次性的工作端相反)。系统150可以是便携的、固定至救护车或其它应急车辆或建在车内或室内。变型包括电池供电的设备、气动动力设备或需要电源(例如AC插座)的设备。
图4C例示了远端106位于食管内的情况。在这种情况下,控制单元150引导通气经由第二管腔130。如箭头32所示,因为中间管腔112流体联接至第二管腔130,在中间开口112进行通气32。
图5A至5E示出了使用本文所述的通气设备100对患者进行通气的过程的展示图。
图5A例示了随着护理者将设备100推入口腔10中超过舌头12进入到咽部14中的通气设备100。在该过程中的任意时刻,护理者能够手动操作设备以抽吸流体、食物颗粒或来自身体的其它物体。如本文所述,护理者能够将工作端102“盲”推入患者。因此,工作端102将终止在患者的食管16或气管18。
图5B例示了护理者将工作端102推入个体的气管18中的情况。一旦护理者放置了设备100,护理者能够启动控制单元150以开始确定设备100的位置的过程。另选地,在设备上的一个或更多个传感器能够自动地触发控制单元的致动。在一种情况下,控制单元经由远端开口106抽真空一段预定的时间。真空降低了压力并且抽走了在远端开口106内的空气。然后,控制单元150通过监视真空、气流或表示身体通道壁,在这种情况下塌缩的气管18,是否形成真空密封的其它流体参数评估设备的状态。在像图5B的情况下,设备位于气管内,抽吸30对气管18的壁的效果有限。如上所述,气管18的壁由软骨20的环加固,其提供了呼吸道的结构刚性。因为控制器150将不检测在远端开口106处(或在第一管腔内)的真空形成,系统登记远端开口106为在气管18(而不是食管16)中定位正确,在预定时间阶段后(例如10-15秒),控制器150停止抽真空并且通过在从气体源160输送气体和移除二氧化碳之间交替开始向患者的肺通气。因此,第一管腔用作通气管腔。对控制器150重要地是,区分由抽吸流体或残渣导致的真空或气流变化。在一些设备的变型中,当真空建立或气流降到足够程度使得设备已经形成真空密封而不是抽吸的流体或物质时,控制器150被设置为识别密封形成。
控制单元150能够确定是否由在抽吸马达(或类似装置,例如产生真空的文丘里装置)上的测量张力形成密封,该密封引起在用于抽吸的主管腔内的负压。如果在预定时间后,控制单元150观察到在抽吸马达上的零张力或最小张力,那么控制单元150将使用第一管腔作为通气管腔。
图5D例示了护理者将通气设备100的工作端102推入食管16中而不是气管18中的状态。类似于上述图5B描绘的状态,一旦护理者定位设备100,护理者能够启动控制单元150以开始确定设备100的位置的过程。如上所述,设备和系统的其它变型可包括能够自动触发控制单元的致动的一个或更多个传感器。
图5D描绘了控制单元150经由远端开口106抽真空预定时间长度的状态。真空降低了压力并且将空气抽入远端开口106内。然后,控制单元150通过监视真空、气流或表示身体通道的壁,在该情况下,食管16是否塌缩的任何其它流体参数评估设备的状态。如图所示,壁部分地或完全地塌缩导致在远端开口16处形成真空密封。如上所述,肌肉形成食管16的壁。与气管18中的软骨环相反,在食管中没有加固结构。控制单元能够被设置为监视真空密封的形成,并且如果密封保持预定时间长度,控制单元150通气40进出中间开口112,如图5E所示。如图所示,如上所述,能够选择在远端开口106和中间开口112之间的间隔使得中间开口保留在咽部14中或咽部14附近。但是,只要开口112能够继续给患者通气,设备的变型允许中间开口进入食管16。
因为控制单元150不检测真空密封在远端开口106(或在第一管腔内)处形成,系统将远端开口106登记为在气管18(而不是食管16)中适当地定位,在预定时间段后,控制单元150停止抽真空并且通过在从气体源160输送气体和移除二氧化碳之间交替开始向患者的肺通气。在这种情况下,设备使用第二管腔作为通气管腔。将设备100的工作端102定位在食管16内的一个额外的好处是真空密封产生将设备保持在该位置的固定效果。该特征不需要将罩或其它特征固定为围绕患者的头、脖子或脸。此外,如果护理者不小心在形成密封时拉动设备100,很容易地破坏了真空密封且设备从食管16释放。这与依赖于可膨胀气囊的现有通气设备相比,改善了安全性,现有通气设备如果被拉动能引起对患者呼吸道、声带或其它结构的创伤。
在某些变型中,设备100在一段时间后将停止通气并且经由远端开口产生抽吸。如果工作端移动、再定位等,这样的步骤被认为是安全性特征。
图6A至6C示出了上述通气设备的工作端102的变型。图6A例示了具有由波状表面围绕的开口106的毂。波状表面能够有助于降低远端开口106由于食物颗粒或其它流体被堵塞的几率。针对与食管壁形成密封的开口,该特征还有助于减少发生控制单元误读开口106被(食物颗粒或其它体液)堵塞。图6B和6C例示了通气设备的工作端102的其它变型。在这些变型中,工作端102能够被制造为具有或不具有毂。图6B例示了具有多个开口106的直线管。图6C例示了具有开口106的坡口端。
如上所述,使用压缩气体和阀或电控制本文所述的设备能够被充气驱动。图7例示了使用抽吸马达、空气压缩机和在第一流体路径122(最终流体联接至远端开口)和第二流体路径124之间转换的(最终流体联接至中间开口)电路的电动设备的示意图。
图8A示出了本文所述的充气驱动的系统的示意部件的示例。图8B提供了图8A中的部件的列表。阀基于上述条件在多种状态下操作。下面的说明例示了图8A的部件示意图中的部件的不同状态的示例。
中间供给阀P1(4/2);
状态1(标称,弹簧返回):控制15秒定时经由远端供给阀P2的真空供给;
状态2(致动):提供用于中间通气的供给;
引导致动:10”Hg真空
远端供给阀P2(4/2)
状态1(标称,弹簧返回):提供用于真空发电机的供给;
状态2(致动):提供用于远端通气的供给;
引导致动:40psi(磅/平方英寸)来自中间供给阀的流体控制的输出,状态1。
脉冲阀P3(3/2正常打开);
状态1(标称,弹簧返回):以流体控制速率填充蓄能器体积直到在内联泄压阀达到设定压力;
状态2(致动):将由快速排出将蓄能器体积倾倒至通气选择器阀;
引导致动:5psi来自内联泄压阀的输出
通气选择器阀P4(3/2充分传输);
状态1(标称,弹簧返回):脉冲阀的路径输出至中间通气输出;
状态2:(致动):脉冲阀的路径输出至远端通气输出;
引导致动:40psi来自远端供给阀的输出,状态2
操作阀M1(手动肘节,3位置,所有止动装置)
状态1(肘节向下,“开”):提供用于中间供给阀和远端供给阀的供给;
状态2(肘节居中,“关/重置”):块供给,排气系统;
状态3(肘节向上,“真空”):旁通所有阀,提供用于真空发电机的供给。
模式阀M2(手动肘节,3位置,止动装置/止动装置/瞬间);
状态1(肘节向下,止动装置,“通气”):提供用于脉冲阀和通气选择器阀的供给;
状态2(肘节居中,止动装置,“旁通”):阻断对脉冲阀和通气选择器阀的供给。
状态3(肘节向上,瞬间弹簧返回,“需要”):阻断对脉冲阀的供给,向通气选择器阀提供连续的流体控制供给
通过图8A的部件示意图例示的系统能够具有多种操作模式。在一个示例中,如图8C所示,系统可包括8个单独的由各个阀的位置和中间供给阀的操作状态控制的操作模式。
模式0,其中系统设置为关闭位置。
M1设置为关闭;
主供给阻断;系统排气;
图8D示出了模式1,其中存在经由系统施加的连续真空。
M1设置为真空
旁通的通气系统;在真空输出处的真空;真空指示器打开
图8E示出了模式2,其中系统参与放置检测;
M1设置为开;
真空在真空输出处直到P2引导激活(15秒);真空指示器打开;
在模式3,系统参与经由远端开口的通气;
M1设置为开;M2设置为通气;
检测没有真空;P2引导激活;P4引导激活。
图8F示出了模式3A,其中以控制的速率(0.67秒)填充蓄能器直到内联泄压阀激活(30psi);
远端通气指示器打开。
图8G示出了模式3B:P3引导激活,关闭P3且经由快速排出至P4排空蓄能器体积;远端通气指示器打开。
模式4-中间通气
M1设置为开;M2设置为通气
检测真空;P1引导激活;真空在真空输出处。
图8H示出了模式4A,其中蓄能器以控制的速率(0.67秒)填充直到内联泄压阀激活(30psi);
真空指示器打开;
中间通气指示器打开。
图8I示出了模式4B:P3引导激活,关闭P3并且经由快速排出至P4排空蓄能器体积;
真空指示器打开;中间通气指示器打开。
图8J示出了模式5-通气旁通(远端);
M1设置为开;M2设置为旁通;
检测没有真空;P2引导激活;P4引导激活;阻断对P3和P4的供给;远端通气指示器打开。
图8K示出了模式6-需要通气(远端);
M1设置为开;M2设置为需要;
检测没有真空;P2引导激活;P4引导激活;阻断对P3的供给;连续的控制流体流至P4;远端通气指示器打开
图8L示出了模式7-通气旁通(中间);
M1设置为开;M2设置为旁通;
检测真空;P1引导激活;真空在真空输出处;
阻断对P3的供给;
真空指示器打开;
中间通气指示器打开
图8M示出了模式8-需要通气(中间);
M1设置为开;M2设置为需要;
检测真空;P1引导激活;真空在真空输出处;
阻断对P3的供给;
连续的控制流体流至P4;真空指示器打开;中间通气指示器打开。
上述内容仅例示了本发明的原理。将理解地是,本领域技术人员能够想出各种实施方式,尽管本文没有明确描述这些实施方式,但它们体现本发明的原理并且也包括在本发明的精神和范围内。此外,本文记载的所有示例和条件语言主要旨在帮助读者理解本发明的原理和本发明提出的概念以推进本领域技术,并且应被解释为不限制本文具体记载的示例和条件。另外,本文记载本发明的原理、方面和实施方式的所有陈述及其具体示例旨在包含其结构和功能等价物。另外,这样的等价物旨在包括当前已知等价物和今后开发的等价物,即执行相同功能的开发出的任何元件,而不考虑结构。因此本发明的范围不旨在被限制为本文示出和描述的示意性实施方式。相反,本发明的范围和精神由随附权利要求体现。
需要注意,本文中和随附权利要求书中使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数对象,除非上下文明确地另有说明。因此,例如当提到“一根线”时,可以包括多根这样的线,当提到“该管状构件”时,提到包括一个或更多管状构件及其对本领域技术人员等已知的等价物。
当提供数值范围时,应理解,除非另有说明,还具体公开了在该范围的上限和下限之间的各中间值,至下限的第十个单元。在所述范围内的任何陈述的数值或居中值和在所述范围内的任何其它陈述的数值或居中值之间的各更小范围也包含在本发明内。这些小范围的上限和下限可以独立地包含在范围内或从范围内排除,并且包含在更小的范围内的各范围的某一个限制、或没有一个限制、或两个限制都包含在本发明内,属于在所述范围内的任何特定的排除的范围。当所述范围包括一个或两个限制时,排除那些包括的限制的一个或两个的范围也包括在本发明内。
本文提到的所有公开文件都通过引证的方式并入本文以结合引用的公开和描述方法和/或材料。本文讨论的公开内容只针对在本申请的申请日之前的公开内容。本文的内容不应被解释为承认本发明由于在先的发明没有先于这些公开的权利。另外,提供的公开日期可能与真正的公开日不同,这可能需要独立地确认。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于经由一个或更多身体通道为个体通气的设备,所述设备包括:
管型构件,具有至少第一管腔和第二管腔,其中所述第一管腔流体联接至位于所述管型构件的远端部的第一开口,所述第二管腔流体联接至沿所述管型构件的壁位于靠近所述第一开口的中间开口,其中所述第一开口和中间开口在所述管型构件内流体隔离;
控制系统,具有抽吸源和气体供给管腔,所述控制系统具有配置为将通气源流体联接至所述第一管腔或所述第二管腔的阀;所述控制系统还能够经由所述第一开口和第一管腔进行抽吸,其中所述控制系统被配置为监视所述通气源的流体参数以确定所述身体通道的塌缩以及在所述第一开口的密封的形成;
其中所述控制系统进一步被配置为选择地形成从所述供给管腔至所述第一管腔或第二管腔的通气路径,其中
如果没有检测到所述身体通道的塌缩,则选择所述第一管腔作为所述通气路径;或
如果检测到所述身体通道的塌缩,则选择所述第二管腔作为所述通气路径;并且
其中所述控制系统能够经由所述通气路径为所述个体通气并且保持抽吸同时经由所述第二管腔通气以防止流体通过塌缩的身体通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括指示器信号以识别需要的胸部按压次数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括固定器以在身体通道中临时固定管型构件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述固定器包括联接至通气设备的工作端的气囊。
5.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述管型构件进一步包括加固部以防止通气设备在所述个体的口中塌缩。
6.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述控制系统进一步包括减压阀以调节所述个体的通气参数。
7.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述管型构件包括在外表面的多个标记并且其中通气设备被设置为被推进至由一个或多个标记确定的深度。
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