CN104070050B - High-pressure natural gas pressure energy is utilized to reclaim technique and the device of waste and old PCB - Google Patents
High-pressure natural gas pressure energy is utilized to reclaim technique and the device of waste and old PCB Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses the technique and the device that utilize high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB.This device comprises natural gas expansion cooling system, refrigerant circulation cold supply system and normal low temperature secondary crushing system; First turbo-expander of natural gas expansion cooling system is connected with the shell-side outlet of First Heat Exchanger and the tube-side inlet of the second heat exchanger respectively; The shell-side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second turboexpander inlet; The normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment of normal low temperature secondary crushing system is connected with the first turbo-expander, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment discharging opening and Magnet Separater be connected, the discharging opening of Magnet Separater is connected with the charging aperture of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, and the mixing discharging opening of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus is connected with the tube-side inlet of double-tube heat exchanger; The invention solves the pollution problem of waste and old PCB, achieve the circular regeneration utilization of resources of waste and old PCB, present invention process is pollution-free, and energy consumption is only the 5%-10% of traditional handicraft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste and old PCB recovery technology and pressure energy of natural gas utilizes new technical field, be specifically related to utilize high-pressure natural gas swell refrigeration to carry out technique that the normal low temperature secondary of waste and old PCB pulverizes and device.
Technical background
At present, the pollution-free process of waste and old PCB has become the focus of global concern.The whole world is annual produces electronic waste about 4,000 ten thousand tons, just increases with 3 times of speed to other municipal refuse.Electron wastes is one of main source becoming municipal refuse.According to interrelated data display, Britain has the discarded PCB surpassing 50,000 tons to be eliminated every year, wherein only has 15% to reclaim in a certain way, and be left to be landfilled disposal, the generation of domestic annual waste and old PCB about has more than 10,000 ton.Plastics wherein usually containing 30% in waste and old PCB, the refractory oxides of 30% and the metal of about 40%, almost contain elements all in the periodic table of elements.If waste and old PCB is mishandling, not only can cause new environmental pollution, and the serious waste of resource can be caused.Therefore, the harmless treatment of waste printed circuit board, not only greatly can reduce its harm to environment, a large amount of valuable resource can also be made to be re-used, realize resources circulation and use and sustainable development.Research shows that the PCB powder of more than 200 orders can realize the separation of metal more than 90%, then through follow-up pneumatic separating, Magneto separate, high voltage electric field can realize the separation of each metalloid after being separated.According to Sweden
the content of each material of PCB that smeltery analyzes, this technique pulverize after PCB powder can reach 2-3 ten thousand yuan/t, and the current market unit take-back cost of waste and old PCB is at 5000-8000 yuan.Therefore this technique can not only the environmental problem brought of the waste and old PCB of process of no pollution, and can also bring huge economic benefit
At present, the technology reclaiming waste printed circuit board the most frequently used has Mechanical Crushing, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy or several technology to combine, but does not still have a kind of pollution-free, high efficiency, low cost technology to recycle waste printed circuit board resource.Chinese invention patent application CN10144478A reclaims method and the device of waste and old circuit board under disclosing a kind of vacuum condition.The method carries out thermal cracking to waste and old PCB in vacuum condition container, by centrifugal separating device to the waste and old PCB after melting in soldering be separated, more further realization is separated one by one.Reclaiming waste and old PCB under this employing vacuum condition after thermal cracking not only requires strict to operating condition, simultaneously can pyrolysis energy consumption also relatively high, be difficult to realize large-scale production.Chinese invention patent application CN1238244 discloses a kind of process for breaking, separating and recovering of waste printed circuit board and used standby.First printed circuit board (PCB) is ground into particle by this invention, then fine powder is broken further, and while fine powder is broken, garbled meal then returns slimer to be continued to pulverize.The method equipment investment that this circulation machinery is at normal temperatures pulverized is large, and the energy of consumption is large, and cost recovery also can improve, and at normal temperature broken and attrition process not only metallics adhere to seriously, and easily produce toxic gas, contaminated environment.Chinese invention patent application CN1899712 discloses a kind of method of waste and old printed circuit board resource reclaim.First the waste and old printed circuit board removing electronic component is dropped into Biroller type shear disintegrating machine coarse crushing by this invention, then the material after coarse crushing is carried out pyrolysis by normal pressure pyrolysis system in nitrogen, and after pyrolysis, solids adopts shearing fine crusher to carry out in small, broken bits.After carrying out Mechanical Crushing, pyrolysis pulverizes separation further again, and under the higher nitrogen atmosphere of processing procedure energy consumption, secondary pyrolysis easily occurs pyrolysis circuit board, produces a large amount of Halogen gas, and need consume a large amount of nitrogen, also can produce pernicious gas contaminated environment during coarse crushing in early stage.Chinese invention patent application CN1701850 discloses dedicated low temperature breaking equipment for printed circuit board.This invention adopts liquid nitrogen refrigerating, and power driven equipment is pulverized waste and old PCB.Although avoid the intensification problem in ambient ground process, liquid nitrogen refrigerating and driven by power significantly increase the energy consumption of system process, can not avoid the powder contamination problem in crushing process simultaneously.
Daimler-BenzUlmResearchCentre company of Germany develops four-part form treatment process: pulverizing after precrushing, liquid nitrogen frozen, classification, electrostatic separation.This technique carries out precrushing after first being dismantled by waste printed circuit board, and then carry out magnetic separation, liquid nitrogen frozen is pulverized again, and screening, makes metal be separated with nonmetal after electrostatic separation.The electric screening installation of the said firm's development can be less than the particle of 0.1mm by size of separation.Decrease the generation of pernicious gas by the method for cryogenic pulverization and make waste printed circuit board more easily broken, solve the problem that traditional Mechanical Crushing produces toxic gas, but this technological process is long, and high to equipment requirement, process of refrigerastion consumed energy is large, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcoming overcoming prior art, provide a kind of utilize high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB technique and device, make full use of high-pressure natural gas pressure energy and expand after low temperature cold recycle waste and old PCB, waste and old PCB is ground into the thin waste and old PCB powder of more than 200 orders, isolate each copper iron and the pure component such as rare precious metals and compo powder again, carry out resource recycling fully, realize energy-saving and cost-reducing.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Utilize high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim the device of waste and old PCB, comprise natural gas expansion cooling system, the refrigerant cooling circulatory system and normal low temperature secondary crushing system;
Described natural gas expansion cooling system comprises the first turbo-expander, First Heat Exchanger, the second turbo-expander and the second heat exchanger; First turbo-expander is connected with the shell-side outlet of First Heat Exchanger and the tube-side inlet of the second heat exchanger respectively; The shell-side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second turboexpander inlet;
The described refrigerant cooling circulatory system comprises coolant storage tank, the 3rd heat exchanger, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, double-tube heat exchanger, low temperature breaking equipment and filter plant; Coolant storage tank bottom end outlet place is provided with the second centrifugal pump, and coolant storage tank bottom end outlet place is connected with the second centrifugal pump 31 by the 11 control valve; Second outlet of centrifugal pump connects the tube-side inlet of the 3rd heat exchanger, and the tube side port of export of the 3rd heat exchanger connects rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, and the rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus port of export is connected with the first centrifugal pump; First centrifugal pump pressurized outlet end is connected with the tube-side inlet end of double-tube heat exchanger, and the tube side port of export of double-tube heat exchanger is connected with low temperature breaking equipment charging aperture, and low temperature breaking equipment discharging opening is connected with filter plant entrance; Filter plant outlet is connected with coolant storage tank charging aperture;
Described normal low temperature secondary crushing system comprised the first turbo-expander, the second turbo-expander, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment, low temperature breaking equipment, Magnet Separater, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, double-tube heat exchanger and filter plant; Normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment is connected with the first turbo-expander by the first deceleration coupling, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment discharging opening and Magnet Separater be connected, the discharging opening of Magnet Separater is connected with the charging aperture of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, the mixing discharging opening of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus is connected with the tube-side inlet of double-tube heat exchanger, and tube side outlet is connected with low temperature breaking equipment charging aperture; Low temperature breaking equipment is connected with the second turbo-expander by the second deceleration coupling; Low temperature breaking equipment material outlet place connects filter plant;
The shell side inlet of described First Heat Exchanger is connected with raw natural gas voltage adjusting device front-end pipelines by top magnetic valve, and the shell-side outlet of First Heat Exchanger is connected with the second control valve and the 3rd control valve respectively; Second control valve is connected with the first turbo-expander, and the 3rd control valve is connected with the second heat exchanger; First Heat Exchanger is connected with by the downstream pipe network of end magnetic valve with raw natural gas voltage adjusting device rear end.
Preferably, at the second outlet of centrifugal pump place, the pipeline that the second centrifugal pump is connected with the 3rd heat exchanger is also in parallel accesses air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment; Described air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment is flash tank.
The 4th flowmeter and the 5th control valve be also equipped with in air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment rear end, the pipeline that the second centrifugal pump is connected with the 3rd heat exchanger.
The front and back end pipeline of described air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment is respectively equipped with the 6th control valve and the 7th control valve.
The tube side port of export of described 3rd heat exchanger is connected rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus respectively by the 8th control valve with the 9th control valve.
The pipeline that the tube side port of export of described double-tube heat exchanger is connected with low temperature breaking equipment charging aperture is provided with the tenth control valve; The pipeline that described low temperature breaking equipment discharging opening is connected with filter plant entrance is provided with the 4th control valve.
The pipeline that described top control valve is connected with First Heat Exchanger is equipped with first-class gauge and the first control valve.
The pipeline of described First Heat Exchanger outlet is equipped with the second control valve, the inlet pipeline of the first turbo-expander is equipped with the 3rd flowmeter, the pipeline of the second heat exchanger import is equipped with the 3rd control valve and second gauge.
Described first turbo-expander and the second turbo-expander are deep cooling oil lubrication turbo-expander; The first described deceleration coupling; With the second deceleration coupling; For general gear reduction unit one or two walk abreast;
Described normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment is coarse crushing jaw crusher; Described rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus is SHR serial mixer; Described Magnet Separater is magnetic wind selecting separator;
Described First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger are aluminium pricker plate-fin heat exchanger; The 3rd described heat exchanger is U-shaped pipe heat exchanger;
Described top control valve and end-of-pipe control valve are pneumatic control valve.
High-pressure natural gas pressure energy is utilized to reclaim the method for waste and old PCB: natural gas expansion cooling system carrys out the natural gas consumption of control system by the entrance and exit place that top control valve and end-of-pipe control valve are arranged on system process; Gas ratio is used by what pacify in the pipeline before the first turbo-expander and the second heat exchanger that control valve and flowmeter control first and second turbo-expander; Natural gas carried out first step cooling to high-pressure natural gas before entering the first turbo-expander; After the first turbo-expander, realize realizing second step with high-pressure natural gas heat exchange before entering the second turbo-expander lower the temperature; Expand at the second turbo-expander high-pressure natural gas and realize the 3rd step-down temperature;
Through the second centrifugal pump pressurization after refrigerant flows out from coolant storage tank, refrigerant after pressurization enter the 3rd heat exchanger and cryogenic natural gas low-temperature receiver carry out heat exchange Jiang Wen Zhi ?70 — ?90 DEG C, then enter rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus and PCB coarse fodder forms liquid-solid mixture; Refrigerant mixture in double-tube heat exchanger again Jiang Wen ?100 — ?125 DEG C, with after to enter after low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment PCB in refrigerant mixture through Gravitative Loads and pulverized, refrigerant mixture temperature raises 10-20 DEG C, and after device separates, refrigerant enters storage tank and recycles after filtration; Refrigerant selects iso-butane and propane mixture;
Waste and old PCB carries out preliminary pulverizing and forms meal after first entering normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment, waste and old PCB meal goes out iron filings through Magnet Separater initial gross separation, waste and old PCB meal after separated is transported to rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus by pipeline or conveyer belt and mixes with refrigerant, forms refrigerant and waste and old PCB coarse fodder mixture; Mixture enters low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment by Gravitative Loads through pipeline after lowering the temperature further in double-tube heat exchanger and waste and old PCB meal is crushed to more than 200 orders further; The last waste and old PCB powder isolating more than 200 orders in filter plant.
Along with developing rapidly of Gas Industry, " West-east Gas utilities pipeline discharge pressure part is increased to 12MPa.Contain huge pressure energy in natural gas pressure regulating process, for natural gas under 10MPa, wherein contain the pressure energy of 675KJ/kg, if this partial capability effectively can be recycled, can energy loss be reduced, produce good economic benefit.The present invention is by the normal low-temperature grinding by utilizing the mechanical energy in natural gas expansion process and cold energy to carry out waste and old PCB, and circulating refrigerant avoids the pollution such as dust and waste gas of processing procedure fully.The present invention is more energy-conservation than existing technology, and operating cost is low, the mechanical energy of comprehensive utilization natural gas expansion process and cold, truly embody the pollution-free of present invention process, low energy consumption, equipment can skid, operating flexibility is large, the advantage such as can to widely popularize and safe and reliable.
Existing waste and old PCB component carries out separation and recovery technology, and its removal process is all difficult to avoid the shortcomings such as the harsh difficult realization of high, the easy contaminated environment of energy consumption, operating condition.For the low energy consumption of waste and old PCB, pollution-free, high efficiente callback, in conjunction with recycling high-pressure natural gas pressure energy, realize pollution-free, reclaim efficiently, will speed up the recycling advancing waste and old PCB.Therefore the present invention proposes to utilize the pressure energy in natural valve station pressure regulation process to carry out processing waste and old PCB, and be refined into powder and be fully separated, each pure component material powder after separation can realize resource regeneration.Whole process energy consumption be traditional handicraft 5% ?10%, and to zero environmental, whole technology investment is short for payoff period, can extensively promote.
The advantage that the present invention has relative to prior art and beneficial effect:
1, energy consumption is low, need not extraneous cooling: the present invention utilizes high-pressure natural gas expansion driven normal low temperature secondary disintegrating apparatus, need not extraneous driven by power, and natural gas temperature reduces the huge cold brought after being expanded by refrigerant recovering simultaneously, need not extraneous cold-producing medium, realize the waste and old PCB coarse fodder of low-temperature and high-speed mechanical crushing.Present invention process energy consumption be traditional electrical drive and liquid nitrogen refrigerating technique 5% ?10%, cold is provided by the high-pressure natural gas three step-down temperature that expand, and breaches the bottleneck of traditional handicraft liquid nitrogen refrigerating high cost.
2, be efficiently separated, lossless: the present invention adopts normal low temperature secondary to pulverize, effectively prevent the burning that chemical property is active, simultaneously also can well recycled plastic fiber and noble metal.
3, system is pollution-free, refrigerant circulation uses: the whole low-temperature and high-speed mechanical milling processes of the waste and old PCB of the present invention all carries out in refrigerant, refrigerant circulation uses and reduces the consumption of refrigerant, and the cycle carries out heat exchange to refrigerant and air and gasifies and purify, and substantially realizes no pollution; Simultaneously refrigerant mixes the low-temperature grinding process of waste and old PCB coarse fodder, can the pollution of effective mode bromo-derivative fire retardant, makes process safety clean continuous seepage.
4, Dynamic System elasticity is large, and the scope of application is wide: the present invention can carry out the scale of control system according to the amount of the PCB of process, control the flow of natural gas, along with the increase at natural valve station, can realize the many places distribution of the present invention's large, medium and smallization; High-pressure natural gas also can replace reclaiming refrigeration with the pressure energy of other gases at high pressure in industry simultaneously.
5, small investment, payoff period is short: permanent plant investment cost of the present invention is determined according to process lot size, and refrigerant circulation uses, and low extraneous energy consumption, therefore this invention operating cost (energy consumption) is low, and the investment payback time is short.
6, application prospect is wide, is easy to promote: the present invention effectively can process the problem of environmental pollution that waste and old PCB brings, and can realize the recycling of plastics, fiber and each metalloid in waste and old PCB, hides huge economic benefit in the hiding.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention utilizes high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim the schematic diagram of the device of waste and old PCB.
Shown in figure: raw natural gas voltage adjusting device 1, top control valve 2, end-of-pipe control valve 3, first-class gauge 4, second gauge 5, 3rd flowmeter 6, 4th flowmeter 7, first control valve 9, second control valve 10, 3rd control valve 11, 4th control valve 12, 5th control valve 13, 6th control valve 14, 7th control valve 15, 8th control valve 16, 9th control valve 17, tenth control valve 8, 11 control valve 30, First Heat Exchanger 18, second heat exchanger 19, double-tube heat exchanger 20, 3rd heat exchanger 21, first turbo-expander 22, second turbo-expander 23, first deceleration coupling 24, second deceleration coupling 25, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26, low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27, Magnet Separater 28, first centrifugal pump 29, second centrifugal pump 31, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32, coolant storage tank 33, filter plant 34, air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment 35.
Detailed description of the invention
For understanding the present invention better, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated, but embodiments of the present invention are not limit so.
Utilize high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim the device of waste and old PCB, comprise natural gas expansion cooling system, the refrigerant cooling circulatory system and normal low temperature secondary crushing system; Normal low temperature secondary crushing system utilizes the cold provided in the mechanical energy of expansion process in natural gas expansion cooling system and the refrigerant cooling circulatory system to achieve waste and old PCB secondary treatment process.
Natural gas expansion cooling system comprises the first turbo-expander 22, First Heat Exchanger 18, second turbo-expander 23 and the second heat exchanger 19; Wherein to export with the shell side (hot logistics) of First Heat Exchanger 18 respectively and tube side (cold logistics) entrance of the second heat exchanger 19 is connected at the first turbo-expander 22; Before entering the first turbo-expander 22, first step cooling is carried out to high-pressure natural gas; After the first turbo-expander 22, realize realizing second step with high-pressure natural gas heat exchange before entering the second turbo-expander 23 lower the temperature.Shell side (hot logistics) outlet of the second heat exchanger 19 is connected with the second turbo-expander 23 entrance; High-pressure natural gas expands and realizes the 3rd step-down temperature, forms natural gas expansion cooling system.
The refrigerant cooling circulatory system comprises coolant storage tank 33, the 3rd heat exchanger 21, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32, double-tube heat exchanger 20, low temperature breaking equipment 27 and filter plant 34; Wherein, coolant storage tank 33 bottom end outlet place is provided with the second centrifugal pump 31, and pressurizeed by refrigerant, coolant storage tank 33 bottom end outlet place is connected with the second centrifugal pump 31 by the 11 control valve 30; Second centrifugal pump 31 exports tube side (hot logistics) entrance of connection the 3rd heat exchanger 21, and the tube side port of export connects rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32, and rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32 port of export is connected with the first centrifugal pump 29; First centrifugal pump 29 pressurized outlet end is connected with tube side (hot logistics) arrival end of double-tube heat exchanger 20, the tube side port of export of double-tube heat exchanger 20 is connected with low temperature breaking equipment 27 charging aperture, and low temperature breaking equipment 27 discharging opening is connected with filter plant 34 entrance; Filter plant 34 outlet is connected with coolant storage tank 33 charging aperture, realizes refrigerant circulation.Refrigerant mixing PCB coarse fodder is separated after low temperature breaking equipment 27 is lowered the temperature after low-temperature grinding again.In the second centrifugal pump 31 exit, the pipeline that the second centrifugal pump 31 is connected with the 3rd heat exchanger 21 is also in parallel accesses air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment 35, for regularly being purified by refrigerant; The 4th flowmeter 7 and the 5th control valve 13 be also equipped with in air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment 35 rear end, the pipeline that the second centrifugal pump 31 is connected with the 3rd heat exchanger 21; The front and back end pipeline of air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment 35 is respectively equipped with the 6th control valve 14 and the 7th control valve 15.The tube side port of export of the 3rd heat exchanger 21 is connected rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32 respectively by the 8th control valve 16 with the 9th control valve 17.The pipeline that the tube side port of export of double-tube heat exchanger 20 is connected with low temperature breaking equipment 27 charging aperture is provided with the tenth control valve 8.The pipeline that low temperature breaking equipment 27 discharging opening is connected with filter plant 34 entrance is provided with the 4th control valve 12.
Normal low temperature secondary crushing system comprised the critical pieces such as the first turbo-expander 22, second turbo-expander 23, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26, low temperature breaking equipment 27, Magnet Separater 28, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32, double-tube heat exchanger 20, filter plant 34; Wherein, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26 is connected with the first turbo-expander 22 by the first deceleration coupling 24, drives ambient ground PCB by the mechanical energy in turbo-expander process; Normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26 discharging opening and Magnet Separater 28 be connected, preliminary magnetic separation is carried out to the PCB coarse fodder after ambient ground; The discharging opening of Magnet Separater 28 is connected with the charging aperture of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32, PCB coarse fodder mixes with refrigerant in mixing apparatus, the mixing discharging opening of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32 is connected with tube side (hot logistics) entrance of double-tube heat exchanger 20, tube side outlet is connected with low temperature breaking equipment 27 charging aperture, realizes PCB coarse fodder through mixing after precooling low-temperature grinding again.Low temperature breaking equipment 27 is connected with the second turbo-expander 23 by the second deceleration coupling 25; Low temperature breaking equipment 27 material outlet place connects filter plant 34, is separated PCB powder.
Shell side (hot logistics) entrance of First Heat Exchanger 18 is connected with raw natural gas voltage adjusting device 1 front-end pipelines by top magnetic valve 2, access high-pressure natural gas, carry out preliminary heat exchange cooling at First Heat Exchanger 18, the shell-side outlet of First Heat Exchanger 18 is connected with the second control valve 10 and the 3rd control valve 11 respectively; Natural gas is divided into two parts, and the second control valve 10 is connected with the first turbo-expander 22, and the 3rd control valve 11 is connected with the second heat exchanger 19; A part of high-pressure natural gas that second control valve 10 controls enters the first turbo-expander 22 expansion cooling, and cools another part high-pressure natural gas further in the second heat exchanger 19.High-pressure natural gas after reducing temperature twice to ?70 DEG C enters the second turbo-expander 23 expansion cooling again, realizes the 3rd step and is cooled to ?135 DEG C as the low-temperature receiver in low-temperature grinding process.Normal pressure natural gas after three step-down temperature enters from the cold stream inlet of double-tube heat exchanger 20 and the 3rd heat exchanger 21 successively, cool refrigerant and PCB coarse fodder mixture respectively, and self rises again.Finally get back to tube side (cold logistics) entrance of First Heat Exchanger 18, be warming up to 10 DEG C with former high-pressure natural gas heat exchange, then control by end magnetic valve 3 the downstream pipe network sending into raw natural gas voltage adjusting device 1 rear end, for user.
First-class gauge 4 and the first control valve 9 pipeline that top control valve 2 is connected with First Heat Exchanger 18 be equipped with; The pipeline inlet pipeline that the pipeline that First Heat Exchanger 18 exports is equipped with the second control valve 10, first turbo-expander 22 being equipped with the 3rd flowmeter 6, second heat exchanger 19 import is equipped with the 3rd control valve 11 and second gauge 5.
Refrigerant from coolant storage tank 33 outflow after pressurize through the second centrifugal pump 31, and air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment in parallel 35 pairs of refrigerants were purified by the cycle in pipeline after the pressurizing, pressurization purify after refrigerant enter the 3rd heat exchanger 21 and cryogenic natural gas low-temperature receiver carry out heat exchange Jiang Wen Zhi ?90 DEG C, then enter rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32 and form liquid-solid mixture with PCB coarse fodder.Refrigerant mixture in double-tube heat exchanger 20 again Jiang Wen ?110 DEG C, with after to enter after low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27 PCB in refrigerant mixture through Gravitative Loads and pulverized, refrigerant mixture temperature raises 10 ?20 DEG C, is separated rear refrigerant enters storage tank and recycle finally by filter plant 34.Wherein for promoting recycling and being convenient to separating-purifying of refrigerant, refrigerant has selected iso-butane and propane mixture.
Waste and old PCB carries out preliminary pulverizing and forms meal after first entering normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26, waste and old PCB meal goes out iron filings through Magnet Separater 28 initial gross separation, waste and old PCB meal after separated is transported to rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32 by pipeline or conveyer belt and mixes with refrigerant, forms refrigerant and waste and old PCB coarse fodder mixture.Mixture enters low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27 by Gravitative Loads through pipeline after lowering the temperature further in double-tube heat exchanger 20 and waste and old PCB meal is crushed to more than 200 orders further.The last waste and old PCB powder isolating more than 200 orders in filter plant 34.
Wherein, natural gas expansion cooling system carrys out the natural gas consumption of control system by the entrance and exit place that top control valve 2 and end-of-pipe control valve 3 are arranged on system process, ensure simultaneously this system and raw natural gas voltage adjusting device 1 parallel and do not disturb.Gas ratio is used by what pacify in the pipeline before the first turbo-expander 22 and the second heat exchanger 19 that control valve and flowmeter control first and second turbo-expander, wherein the first control valve 9, second control valve 10 and first-class gauge 4 are arranged in system superintendent road and control and detect flow, control the three step-down temperature realizing high-pressure natural gas with gas of the second turbo-expander 23 before the 3rd control valve 11 and second gauge 5 are arranged on the second heat exchanger 19 successively in bypass line.
The refrigerant cooling circulatory system is by the consumption of the 11 control valve 30 control system refrigerant in coolant storage tank 33 exit, and carry out cycle purification by air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment 35 pairs of refrigerants in parallel in the pipeline after the second centrifugal pump 31, the cycle of separating-purifying is wherein controlled by the 6th control valve 14 and the 7th control valve 15.The 8th control valve 16 in the refrigerant inlet ductwork of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32, the 9th control valve 17 control to adjust and realize mixing refrigerant and the precooling of waste and old PCB coarse fodder continuously.Refrigerant circulation use is controlled by installing low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27 the 4th control valve 12 gone out in rear pipeline.
Normal low temperature secondary crushing system by utilize the first deceleration coupling 24, second deceleration coupling 25 to connect rotating speed that turbo-expander and disintegrating apparatus control disintegrating apparatus, and by the 4th control valve 12 in low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27 inlet ductwork and the first centrifugal pump 29 control PCB coarse fodder feed rate of the hot logistics import department of double-tube heat exchanger 20 and the treating capacity of low-temperature grinding.
The first turbo-expander 22 wherein described in capital equipment and the second turbo-expander 23 are deep cooling oil lubrication turbo-expander, externally can do work, can provide the more than several ten thousand high speed of mainshaft in low-temperature expansion process.The first described deceleration coupling 24 and the second deceleration coupling 25 are that general gear reduction unit one or 2 walk abreast.
Described normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26 is coarse crushing jaw crusher, one or two can be selected to walk abreast according to the treating capacity of PCB.Low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27 is the equipment after patent (CN201632298U) Equipment Foundations are improved.Wherein, high-speed rotary main shaft installs multi-knife-head, cavity is installed the high sealing equipment of polylith hammer block, equipment will change shaft coupling mechanical power Direct driver into by electric drive, and select austenitic steel as designing apparatus cavity material, can ensure good cold operation.
Described rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus 32 is SHR serial mixer, guarantees the mixing of refrigerant and PCB coarse fodder and good seal performance.Described air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment 35 is flash tank, realizes thinner PCB powder and is separated with refrigerant and is that thermal source saves energy consumption with air.Described Magnet Separater 28 is magnetic wind selecting separator, also can process separation preferably when iron filings impurity is larger.
Described First Heat Exchanger 18 and the second heat exchanger 19 are aluminium pricker plate-fin heat exchanger, high and be applicable to low-temperature heat exchange to the heat exchange efficiency of pure natural gas.The 3rd described heat exchanger 21 is U-shaped pipe heat exchanger and double-tube heat exchanger 20 is according to the long double-tube heat exchanger made by oneself of heat exchange buret.
Described top control valve 2 and end-of-pipe control valve 3 are pneumatic control valve, control the natural gas turnover main conduit flow of native system.The first described control valve 9, second control valve 10 and the 3rd control valve 11 are stop valve, can ensure good air-tightness under the condition of low temperature.The 4th described control valve 12, the 5th control valve 13, the 6th control valve 14, the 7th control valve 15, the 8th control valve 16, the 9th control valve 17, the tenth control valve the 8 and the 11 control valve 30 are ball valve, low-temperature operation condition lower seal performance is good, the Particle Blocking after can effectively preventing PCB from pulverizing.The first described centrifugal pump 29 and the second centrifugal pump 31 are impurity centrifugal pump under low temperature.
Described first-class gauge 4, second gauge 5 and the 3rd flowmeter 6 are turbine flowmeter, and the 4th described flowmeter 7 is pot street flowmeter, and energy work preferably and can avoid the blocking of PCB fine powder under cryogenic media condition.
Embodiment
For the operation principle of better illustrative system, below in conjunction with the technological process device schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1, with the waste and old PCB after manual dismounting for raw material, high-pressure natural gas pressure energy is utilized to reclaim the schematic diagram of the device of waste and old PCB according to Fig. 1, with 20 DEG C, the natural gas of the 7500Ncum/h under 4.0-1.6MPa is example.
Amount according to former door station natural gas inputs 20 DEG C from former voltage adjusting device front end, the natural gas of the 7500Ncum/h under 1.6MPa, other amount and being stablized by former voltage adjusting device with wave is dynamic.High-pressure natural gas is entered First Heat Exchanger 18 and recycle remaining cold first step cooling, the high-pressure natural gas after heat exchange by volume flow is divided into two parts.Wherein a part of high-pressure natural gas pressure, temperature after the first turbo-expander 22 be reduced to 0.4MPa ?80 DEG C, first turbo-expander 22 drives normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment 26 by waste and old PCB (20 DEG C, 20t/h) preliminary ambient ground is to waste and old PCB coarse fodder, and utilizes the natural gas precooling another part natural gas after the first turbo-expander 22 expands cooling; Another part natural gas temperature Jiang Zhi ?near 70 DEG C, realize second step cooling.Coarse fodder after ambient ground carries out preliminary magnetic separating, the iron in removing coarse fodder.By pressure after natural gas via second turbo-expander 23 of precooling, temperature be reduced to 0.4MPa ?135 DEG C of the 3rd step-down temperature, second turbo-expander 23 drives low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment 27 pulverizing waste PCB coarse fodder, and provides cold by the natural gas after three step-down temperature as low-temperature receiver.
Refrigerant (?30 DEG C, 0.1MPa, 250Ncum/h) with three step-down temperature after the preliminary heat exchange of natural gas via the 3rd heat exchanger 21 after temperature Jiang Di Zhi ?70 — ?90 DEG C, mix with coarse fodder automatically transforming to regulate in surge tank again, the rear refrigerant of mixing and coarse fodder mixture temperature ?about 80 DEG C.Mixed refrigerant and material through sleeve type heat exchanger 20 and cryogenic natural gas heat exchange, temperature decline Zhi ?100 — ?enter low-temperature and high-speed disintegrating apparatus 27 after 125 DEG C and pulverize.Material after pulverizing can realize the granulating of more than 200 orders substantially, then is separated by filtration out waste and old PCB powder material and refrigerant.Refrigerant is being recycled by pump, and within one month fixing cycle or a week, circulating refrigerant and air heat-exchange is being gasified purification refrigerant, isolating thinner waste and old PCB powder material simultaneously.
Originally the waste and old PCB powder isolating more than 200 orders, according to follow-up technological process, carries out magnetic separation again to powder, isolates iron powder wherein further.Mode in conjunction with pneumatic separating or liquid floatation isolates plastic optical fibre powder wherein.Finally by high voltage electric field sorting, realize being separated one by one in the distribution situation that high voltage electric field is different according to each metal and other nonmetallic substances.Separablely respectively to tap a blast furnace, plastic optical fibre, non-metal solid powder, various non-ferrous metal and noble metal powder.
Claims (10)
1. utilize high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim the device of waste and old PCB, it is characterized in that, comprise natural gas expansion cooling system, the refrigerant cooling circulatory system and normal low temperature secondary crushing system;
Described natural gas expansion cooling system comprises the first turbo-expander, First Heat Exchanger, the second turbo-expander and the second heat exchanger; First turbo-expander is connected with the shell-side outlet of First Heat Exchanger and the tube-side inlet of the second heat exchanger respectively; The shell-side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the second turboexpander inlet;
The described refrigerant cooling circulatory system comprises coolant storage tank, the 3rd heat exchanger, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, double-tube heat exchanger, low temperature breaking equipment and filter plant; Coolant storage tank bottom end outlet place is provided with the second centrifugal pump, and coolant storage tank bottom end outlet place is connected with the second centrifugal pump (31) by the 11 control valve; Second outlet of centrifugal pump connects the tube-side inlet of the 3rd heat exchanger, and the tube side port of export of the 3rd heat exchanger connects rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, and the rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus port of export is connected with the first centrifugal pump; First centrifugal pump pressurized outlet end is connected with the tube-side inlet end of double-tube heat exchanger, and the tube side port of export of double-tube heat exchanger is connected with low temperature breaking equipment charging aperture, and low temperature breaking equipment discharging opening is connected with filter plant entrance; Filter plant outlet is connected with coolant storage tank charging aperture;
Described normal low temperature secondary crushing system comprised the first turbo-expander, the second turbo-expander, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment, low temperature breaking equipment, Magnet Separater, rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, double-tube heat exchanger and filter plant; Normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment is connected with the first turbo-expander by the first deceleration coupling, normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment discharging opening and Magnet Separater be connected, the discharging opening of Magnet Separater is connected with the charging aperture of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus, the mixing discharging opening of rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus is connected with the tube-side inlet of double-tube heat exchanger, and tube side outlet is connected with low temperature breaking equipment charging aperture; Low temperature breaking equipment is connected with the second turbo-expander by the second deceleration coupling; Low temperature breaking equipment material outlet place connects filter plant;
The shell side inlet of described First Heat Exchanger is connected with raw natural gas voltage adjusting device front-end pipelines by top magnetic valve, and the shell-side outlet of First Heat Exchanger is connected with the second control valve and the 3rd control valve respectively; Second control valve is connected with the first turbo-expander, and the 3rd control valve is connected with the second heat exchanger; First Heat Exchanger is connected with by the downstream pipe network of end magnetic valve with raw natural gas voltage adjusting device rear end.
2. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 1, is characterized in that, at the second outlet of centrifugal pump place, the pipeline that the second centrifugal pump is connected with the 3rd heat exchanger is also in parallel accesses air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment; Described air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment is flash tank.
3. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the 4th flowmeter and the 5th control valve be also equipped with in air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment rear end, the pipeline that the second centrifugal pump is connected with the 3rd heat exchanger.
4. the high-pressure natural gas pressure energy that utilizes according to Claims 2 or 3 reclaims the device of waste and old PCB, it is characterized in that, the front and back end pipeline of described air heat-exchange purification & isolation equipment is respectively equipped with the 6th control valve and the 7th control valve.
5. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the tube side port of export of described 3rd heat exchanger is connected rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus respectively by the 8th control valve with the 9th control valve.
6. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pipeline that the tube side port of export of described double-tube heat exchanger is connected with low temperature breaking equipment charging aperture is provided with the tenth control valve; The pipeline that described low temperature breaking equipment discharging opening is connected with filter plant entrance is provided with the 4th control valve.
7. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pipeline that described top control valve is connected with First Heat Exchanger is equipped with first-class gauge and the first control valve.
8. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the pipeline of described First Heat Exchanger outlet is equipped with the second control valve, the inlet pipeline of the first turbo-expander is equipped with the 3rd flowmeter, the pipeline of the second heat exchanger import is equipped with the 3rd control valve and second gauge.
9. the device utilizing high-pressure natural gas pressure energy to reclaim waste and old PCB according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first turbo-expander and the second turbo-expander are deep cooling oil lubrication turbo-expander; The first described deceleration coupling; With the second deceleration coupling; For general gear reduction unit one or two walk abreast;
Described normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment is coarse crushing jaw crusher; Described rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus is SHR serial mixer; Described Magnet Separater is magnetic wind selecting separator;
Described First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger are aluminium pricker plate-fin heat exchanger; The 3rd described heat exchanger is U-shaped pipe heat exchanger;
Described top control valve and end-of-pipe control valve are pneumatic control valve.
10. application rights requires that the high-pressure natural gas pressure energy that utilizes of device described in 1 reclaims the technique of waste and old PCB, it is characterized in that, natural gas expansion cooling system carrys out the natural gas consumption of control system by the entrance and exit place that top control valve and end-of-pipe control valve are arranged on system process; Gas ratio is used by what pacify in the pipeline before the first turbo-expander and the second heat exchanger that control valve and flowmeter control first and second turbo-expander; Natural gas carried out first step cooling to high-pressure natural gas before entering the first turbo-expander; After the first turbo-expander, realize realizing second step with high-pressure natural gas heat exchange before entering the second turbo-expander lower the temperature; Expand at the second turbo-expander high-pressure natural gas and realize the 3rd step-down temperature;
Through the second centrifugal pump pressurization after refrigerant flows out from coolant storage tank, refrigerant after pressurization enter the 3rd heat exchanger and cryogenic natural gas low-temperature receiver carry out heat exchange Jiang Wen Zhi ?70 — ?90 DEG C, then enter rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus and waste and old PCB coarse fodder forms liquid-solid mixture; Refrigerant mixture in double-tube heat exchanger again Jiang Wen ?100 — ?125 DEG C, with after to enter after low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment waste and old PCB in refrigerant mixture through Gravitative Loads and pulverized, refrigerant mixture temperature raise 10 ?20 DEG C, after device separates, refrigerant enters storage tank and recycles after filtration; Refrigerant selects iso-butane and propane mixture;
Waste and old PCB carries out preliminary pulverizing and forms meal after first entering normal temperature mechanical crushing equipment, waste and old PCB meal goes out iron filings through Magnet Separater initial gross separation, waste and old PCB meal after separated is transported to rotational automatic reinforced mixing apparatus by pipeline or conveyer belt and mixes with refrigerant, forms refrigerant and waste and old PCB coarse fodder mixture; Mixture enters low-temperature and high-speed rotating shredder equipment by Gravitative Loads through pipeline after lowering the temperature further in double-tube heat exchanger and waste and old PCB meal is crushed to more than 200 orders further; The last PCB powder isolating more than 200 orders in filter plant.
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