CN109179325B - Device and method for high-temperature smelting of metal and nonmetal - Google Patents
Device and method for high-temperature smelting of metal and nonmetal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for high-temperature smelting of metals and nonmetals. The organic carbide in the coke powder, the coal powder or the garbage reacts with pure oxygen in a reduction furnace to generate high temperature, and reductive carbon monoxide gas, ferrosilicon and heavy metal are generated. Carbon monoxide produces hydrogen in an hydrogen adding system, high-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace enters a Kohlehem pump unit to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is returned to be used by the reduction furnace. And the mixture of the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal produced from the reduction furnace enters a ferrosilicon separator to separate and produce the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal product. The invention utilizes the Kohlepu and the Anhydrogen system to carry out heat recycling, improves the utilization rate of waste heat, utilizes the reduction furnace to reduce and recover metal and non-metal substances, changes waste into valuable and fully utilizes natural resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal and nonmetal production, and relates to a device and a method for high-temperature smelting of metal and nonmetal.
Background
Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development, and the development of low-carbon, environment-friendly and economical resources becomes a necessary choice under the background of rapid industrial development, increased energy consumption in the global scope, energy shortage and aggravation of greenhouse effect. The new technology of energy conservation and emission reduction, development and utilization of energy conservation is similar to the fifth conventional energy source after coal, petroleum, natural gas and water and electricity, which not only is a long-term requirement for reducing greenhouse effect, reducing thermal pollution and protecting environment, but also is a practical requirement for relieving energy supply tension and realizing sustainable development, and finally achieves the coordinated development of resources, environment, economy and society. Currently, the economy of China is in a continuous high-speed development period, the problem of energy shortage directly influences the production of various industries, and the development of circular economy and economical economy becomes an urgent matter. In recent years, the emerging waste heat power generation technology has the characteristics of high novelty, environmental protection, conformity with the requirements of national energy-saving emission-reduction industrial policies and the like, has very wide application fields and has huge market demand potential.
At present, at least half of heat in industrial production is directly discharged to the atmosphere in various forms of waste heat, and the discharged and unutilized heat not only increases the production cost of enterprises, but also causes serious pollution to the environment and is not beneficial to the benign development of the economic society.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for high-temperature smelting of metal and nonmetal, which fully utilizes the waste heat of various high-temperature gases such as tail gas of equipment and the like to improve the utilization rate of the waste heat.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the metal and nonmetal high-temperature smelting device comprises a reduction furnace, a hydrator, a centrifugal separator, a carbonization reactor, a Kohler unit, a silicon-iron separator, a shift separation system, a liquid-solid separator, an ammoniation separator and a hydrogen-adding system. The reduction furnace is of a rotary kiln structure, the rotary kiln is divided into a mixed combustion chamber, a preheating section and a reduction section, and the mixed combustion chamber, the preheating section and the reduction section are communicated in sequence. The mixed combustion chamber is provided with a finished product outlet, a fuel and reducing agent inlet, an oxygen-enriched inlet and a mineral inlet, and the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet. The shift separation system is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet. The hydrogen outlet is connected to a hydrogen installing system, and the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the carbon monoxide outlet of the reduction furnace through a chilling deduster. The carbon dioxide outlet is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the carbonization reactor. The finished product outlet of the reduction furnace is connected to the liquid-solid separator, the solid phase outlet of the liquid-solid separator is connected to the centrifugal separator through the hydrator, the hydrator is provided with a water filling port, the liquid phase outlet of the liquid-solid separator is connected to the ferrosilicon separator, the ferrosilicon separator is provided with a heavy metal mixture outlet and a ferrosilicon outlet, the heavy metal mixture outlet is connected to the metal product bin, and the ferrosilicon outlet is connected to the ferrosilicon product bin. The centrifugal separator is provided with a solid product outlet and a liquid product outlet, the liquid product outlet is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the ammoniation separator, and the other path is connected to the carbonization reactor. The carbonization reactor is provided with a light calcium carbonate outlet and a magnesium hydroxide outlet, the light calcium carbonate outlet is connected to the light calcium carbonate product bin, and the magnesium hydroxide outlet is connected to the magnesium hydroxide product bin. The ammoniation separator is provided with a calcium hydroxide outlet and a magnesium hydroxide outlet, the calcium hydroxide outlet is connected to the calcium hydroxide product bin, and the magnesium hydroxide outlet is connected to the magnesium hydroxide product bin.
The effluent from the liquid phase outlet of the centrifugal separator was an emulsion of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The solid product flowing out of the solid product outlet of the centrifugal separator is aluminum oxide.
The Korlip unit comprises an expansion machine, a generator, a heat-conducting medium circulation pipeline, a hydrogen heat compression device and an intermediate reheater, wherein an outlet of the expansion machine is connected to an inlet of the expansion machine through the hydrogen heat compression device, and the expansion machine is connected with a generator shaft. The reduction furnace is provided with a heat extraction device, the electric device for the reduction furnace is connected with a generator circuit, the heat extraction device is circularly connected with the Kohlepu unit through a heat-conducting medium circulating pipeline, and the hydrogen hot compression device can be arranged in multiple stages.
The heat-conducting medium circulation pipeline recovers waste heat of the reduction furnace through the heat-taking equipment, then heats the hydrogen heat compression equipment to generate high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, pushes the expansion machine to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and returns the generated electricity to the reduction furnace. The intermediate reheater is an interstage heat exchanger which is arranged for the expansion machine to do more work; the low-temperature and low-pressure hydrogen after acting enters hydrogen heat compression equipment.
The hydrogen-adding system comprises two hydrogen absorption reactors, a metal hydride replacing device, a metal hydride container and a saturated metal hydride container. The hydrogen absorption reactors are filled with metal hydrogen storage materials taking metal magnesium as a main component, the hydrogen absorption reactors are connected with the Kohler unit through a circulating heat exchange medium pipeline to form a circulating loop, and metal hydride outlets of the two hydrogen absorption reactors are respectively connected with a metal hydride depleted container and a saturated metal hydride container through a metal hydride replacing device.
The recovered spent metal hydride in the spent metal hydride container is pumped into a hydrogen absorption reactor through a metal hydride replacing device, then hydrogen from a conversion separation system is introduced, the hydrogen reacts with the spent metal hydride to produce saturated metal hydride and simultaneously releases heat, the produced saturated metal hydride is added into the saturated metal hydride container through the metal hydride replacing device, and the released heat is recovered to a Kohle unit through a circulating heat exchange medium pipeline.
The reduction furnace is of a rotary kiln structure, the rotary kiln is divided into a mixed combustion chamber, a preheating section and a reduction section, and the mixed combustion chamber, the preheating section and the reduction section are communicated in sequence. The mixed combustion chamber is provided with a finished product outlet, a fuel and reducing agent inlet, an oxygen-enriched inlet and a mineral inlet, the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet, and the kiln wall of the rotary kiln is designed to be composed of refractory materials and steel structures at corresponding working temperatures.
The method for carrying out the high-temperature smelting of the metal and the nonmetal by utilizing the high-temperature smelting device for the metal and the nonmetal has the advantages that the coke powder and the garbage raw materials are combusted with pure oxygen in the reduction furnace to generate high temperature so as to generate reductive carbon monoxide gas, silicon dioxide and heavy metal in the coke powder react with carbon in the reducing agent coke powder, coal powder or garbage to generate carbon monoxide, and the silicon dioxide and heavy metal oxide are reduced into ferrosilicon and heavy metal. The generated carbon monoxide gas enters a conversion separation system through a chilling deduster, the carbon monoxide and water vapor react in the conversion separation system to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the separated carbon dioxide enters a carbonization reactor and reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce light calcium carbonate, and the separated hydrogen gas produces hydrogen. High-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace enters the Kohlenipu unit through the chilling deduster to generate electricity, and part of the generated electricity is used by the reduction furnace. The ferrosilicon, heavy metal, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide produced from the reduction furnace are divided into two parts, and the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal enter a ferrosilicon separator to be separated, so that ferrosilicon and heavy metal products are produced. Adding the other part of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide into a hydrator, adding water to react, reacting the calcium oxide and the magnesium oxide with the water to respectively generate calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, adding the emulsion of the aluminum oxide, the calcium hydroxide and the magnesium hydroxide into a centrifugal separator, and separating the solid-phase aluminum oxide Al2O3Liquid phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide milk for sale as finished productOne part of the liquid enters a carbonization reactor to generate light calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide, the light calcium carbonate precipitate is separated from the magnesium hydroxide emulsion, and the separated light calcium carbonate precipitate and magnesium hydroxide can be sold as products. The other part of the liquid phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion enters an ammoniation separator, ammonia water is introduced into the ammoniation separator to adjust the pH value of the emulsion, the magnesium hydroxide precipitate is separated from the calcium hydroxide emulsion, and the magnesium hydroxide and the calcium hydroxide can be sold or used by oneself as products.
The device comprises a reduction furnace, a Kohler unit, a hydrogen adding system, a chilling deduster, a conversion separation system, a calcium carbide separator and a calcium carbide product bin. The mixed combustion chamber is provided with a finished product outlet, a fuel and reducing agent inlet, an oxygen-enriched inlet and a mineral inlet, the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet, and the hydrogen outlet is connected to a hydrogen-adding system. The shift separation system is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet. The carbon monoxide outlet is connected to the Kohler unit and the shift separation system through a quench deduster. The carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling dust remover, and the carbon dioxide is completely collected and recycled. The outlet of the finished product of the reducing furnace is connected to a calcium carbide separator, the calcium carbide separator is provided with three product outlets, and the upper part of the calcium carbide separator is a solid phase (aluminum oxide Al)2O3) The export is connected to aluminium oxide finished product storehouse, and middle liquid phase carbide export is connected to carbide product storehouse, and lower part ferrosilicon export is connected to ferrosilicon product storehouse. The fuel and reducing agent inlets are connected to a fuel delivery device, and the oxygen-enriched inlet is connected with a pure oxygen pipeline to blow pure oxygen. The reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the transformation separation system and the calcium carbide product bin are provided with heat recovery pipelines, and the heat recovery pipelines are connected to the Kohlepu unit.
The device comprises a reduction furnace, a Kohler unit, a hydrogen adding system, a chilling deduster, a conversion separation system and a metal iron finished product bin. The mixed combustion chamber is provided with a finished product outlet, a fuel and reducing agent inlet, an oxygen-enriched inlet and a mineral inlet, the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet, and the carbon monoxide outlet is connected with the chilling deduster. The transformation separation system is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen installation system, the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling dust remover, and the carbon dioxide is completely collected and recycled. A finished product outlet of the reducing furnace is connected to a metal iron finished product bin; the fuel and reducing agent inlets are connected to a fuel delivery device, and the oxygen-enriched inlet is connected with a pure oxygen pipeline.
The invention relates to a method for carrying out metal and nonmetal high-temperature smelting by utilizing a metal and nonmetal high-temperature smelting device, coke powder, coal powder or garbage and pure oxygen are subjected to combustion reaction in a reduction furnace to generate high temperature, reductive carbon monoxide gas is generated, and silicon dioxide and heavy metal oxides are reduced into ferrosilicon and heavy metals; the generated carbon monoxide gas enters a hydrogen safety system, carbon monoxide and water are added in the hydrogen safety system to react to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the separated carbon dioxide enters a carbonization reactor to react with calcium hydroxide to produce light calcium carbonate, and the separated hydrogen is used for producing hydrogen. And the high-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace enters a Kohlepu unit to generate power, and the generated power is used by electric equipment of the reduction furnace. Dividing ferrosilicon, heavy metal, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide which are discharged from the reduction furnace into two parts, wherein the mixture of the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal enters a ferrosilicon separator, and separating the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal to produce ferrosilicon and heavy metal products; adding the other part of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide into a hydrator, adding water to react, reacting the calcium oxide and the magnesium oxide with the water to respectively generate calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, adding the emulsion of the aluminum oxide, the calcium hydroxide and the magnesium hydroxide into a centrifugal separator, and separating the solid-phase aluminum oxide Al2O3And (3) selling the finished product, wherein a part of the liquid-phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion enters a carbonization reactor to react with carbon dioxide to generate light calcium carbonate, the light calcium carbonate precipitate is separated from the magnesium hydroxide emulsion, and the separated light calcium carbonate precipitate and magnesium hydroxide can be sold as the product. The other part of the liquid phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion enters an ammoniation separator, ammonia water is introduced into the ammoniation separator to adjust the pH value of the emulsion, the magnesium hydroxide precipitate is separated from the calcium hydroxide emulsion, and the magnesium hydroxide and the calcium hydroxide can be sold or used by oneself as products.
The device and the method for the high-temperature smelting of the metal and the nonmetal utilize the Kohlenipu system and the Anhydrogen system to carry out heat recycling, fully utilize the waste heat of various high-temperature gases such as tail gas of equipment and the like, and improve the utilization rate of the waste heat. The reduction furnace is used for reducing and recovering metal and nonmetal substances in the coke powder, the coal powder, the garbage and the minerals, so that the waste is changed into valuable, the resource waste is reduced, the energy is saved, the emission is reduced, and the environment protection is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical process in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the Korlps unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a hydrogen safety system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a reduction furnace;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1-reduction furnace, 2-hydrator, 3-centrifugal separator, 4-carbonization reactor, 5-Koleupu unit, 6-silicon iron separator, 7-hydrogen-adding system, 8-chilling deduster, 9-heat-taking equipment, 10-conversion separation system, 11-ammoniation separator, 12-calcium carbide separator, 13-finished product outlet, 14-fuel and reducing agent inlet, 15-oxygen-enriched inlet, 16-mineral inlet, 17-carbon monoxide outlet, 18-mixed combustion chamber, 19-preheating section, 20-reduction section, 21-liquid-solid separator, 22-calcium carbide product bin, 23-metallic iron finished product bin, 25-circulation heat exchange medium pipeline, 40-hydrogen-absorbing reactor, 41-metallic hydride replacing device, 42-exhausted metal hydrogenation container, 43-saturated metal hydride container, 64-expander, 65-metal hydride replacing device, 66-heat-conduction medium circulation pipeline, 67-hydrogen heat compression equipment, hydrogen-gas heat-compression equipment, 68-intermediate reheater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any modification made by those skilled in the art within the scope defined by the claims also falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the metal and nonmetal high-temperature smelting device comprises a reduction furnace 1, a hydrator 2, a centrifugal separator 3, a liquid-solid separator 21, a carbonization reactor 4, a Kohler unit 5, a ferrosilicon separator 6, a shift separation system 10, an ammoniation separator 11 and a hydrogen adding system 7. As shown in fig. 4, the reduction furnace 1 is a rotary kiln structure, and is disposed with an inclination of 5 °, the rotary kiln is divided into a mixing combustion chamber 18, a preheating section 19 and a reduction section 20, and the mixing combustion chamber 18, the preheating section 19 and the reduction section 20 are sequentially communicated. The mixed combustion chamber 18 is provided with a finished product outlet 13, a fuel and reducing agent inlet 14, an oxygen-enriched inlet 15 and a mineral inlet 16, the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet 17, the carbon monoxide outlet 17 is connected with the chilling deduster 8, and the chilling deduster 8 prevents dioxin from being generated. The shift separation system 10 is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, wherein the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen installation system, the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling deduster 8, and the carbon dioxide outlet is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the carbonization reactor 4. The product outlet 13 of the reduction furnace is connected to a liquid-solid separator 21, the solid phase of which is alumina Al2O3CaO, magnesium oxide MaO) is connected to the centrifugal separator 3 through the hydrator 2, the hydrator 2 is provided with a water filling port. Liquid phase (ferrosilicon and heavy metal mixture) exit linkage to ferrosilicon separator 6 of liquid-solid separator 21, ferrosilicon separator are equipped with heavy metal mixture export and ferrosilicon export, heavy metal mixture exit linkage to heavy metal product storehouse, ferrosilicon exit linkage to ferrosilicon product storehouse. The fuel and reductant inlets 14 are connected to the fuel delivery apparatus and the oxygen-rich inlet 15 is connected to the oxygen-rich line. The reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the conversion separation system, the silicon-iron separator and the hydrator are provided with heat recovery pipelines, and the heat recovery pipelines are connected to the Kohler unit. The centrifugal separator is provided with a solid product outlet and a liquid product outlet, the solid product outlet is connected to the aluminum oxide product bin, the liquid product outlet is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the ammoniation separator, and the other path is connected to the carbonization reactor 4. The carbonization reactor is provided with a light calcium outlet and a magnesium hydroxide outlet, the light calcium outlet is connected to the light calcium product bin, and the magnesium hydroxide outlet is connected to the magnesium hydroxide product bin. Ammoniation separator deviceThe device is provided with a calcium hydroxide outlet and a magnesium hydroxide outlet, wherein the calcium hydroxide outlet is connected to a calcium hydroxide product bin, and the magnesium hydroxide outlet is connected to a magnesium hydroxide product bin.
The fuel and reducing agent of the reducing furnace are pulverized coal and garbage (the components comprise silicon dioxide SiO)2Aluminum oxide Al2O3Iron oxide Fe2O3Calcium oxide CaO, magnesium oxide MgO, heavy metal oxides and organic carbides), coal dust and garbage react with pure oxygen (or air or oxygen-enriched air) in a reduction furnace to combust to generate high temperature to generate reductive carbon monoxide gas, silicon dioxide and heavy metal oxides in the coal dust and the garbage react with reducing agent coal dust to generate carbon monoxide, and the silicon dioxide, iron oxide and heavy metal oxides are reduced into ferrosilicon and heavy metals. The fuel and the reducing agent added into the reduction furnace are pulverized coal and garbage, and the adding proportion of the pulverized coal is adjusted according to the composition of the garbage.
And (3) ferrosilicon reduction reaction: SiO 22+2C = Si+2CO Fe2O3+3C =2Fe +3CO
Reduction reaction of heavy metal copper and lead: CuO + C = Cu + CO PbO2+2C =Pb +2CO
And (2) introducing the generated carbon monoxide gas into a shift separation system, reacting the carbon monoxide with water to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and performing a carbon monoxide shift reaction: CO + H2O = CO2+ H2Carbon dioxide and hydrogen are separated. A part of the carbon dioxide enters a carbonization reactor to react with calcium hydroxide emulsion to produce light calcium carbonate, Ca (OH)2+CO2= CaCO3And the other part of the carbon dioxide is collected and recovered. The hydrogen enters the hydrogen safety system and reacts with metal in the hydrogen safety system to generate metal hydride which is sold as hydrogen safety product. Such as: the metal magnesium reacts with hydrogen to generate metal magnesium hydride Mg + H2=MgH2。
And high-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the conversion separation system, the ferrosilicon separator and the hydrator enters the Kohlenipu unit to generate electricity, and part of the generated electricity is returned to the reduction furnace for use. The ferrosilicon FeSi, heavy metals (copper Cu, lead Pb) and aluminum oxide Al coming out of the reduction furnace2O3The calcium oxide CaO and the magnesium oxide MgO are divided into two phases, the mixture of liquid-phase ferrosilicon and heavy metal enters a ferrosilicon separator, and the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal are separated to produce ferrosilicon and heavy metal products. Reduction reaction of heavy metal copper and lead: CuO + C = Cu + CO PbO2+2C = Pb +2 CO. Solid phase aluminum oxide Al2O3And the calcium oxide CaO and the magnesium oxide MgO enter a hydrator to react with water, wherein the calcium oxide CaO and the magnesium oxide MgO react with the water to generate calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and the calcium oxide CaO and the magnesium oxide MgO react in a hydration reaction: CaO + H2O=Ca（OH）2 MgO+H2O=Mg（OH）2Aluminum oxide Al2O3Without reacting with water, aluminum oxide Al2O3Adding the mixture and calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion into a centrifugal separator, and separating to obtain solid-phase aluminum oxide Al2O3And (3) selling the finished product, wherein a part of the liquid-phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion enters a carbonization reactor to generate calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide, the calcium carbonate precipitate is separated from the magnesium hydroxide emulsion, and the separated light calcium carbonate precipitate and magnesium hydroxide can be sold as the product. And (3) allowing a part of the liquid-phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion to enter an ammoniation separator, introducing ammonia water into the ammoniation separator to adjust the pH value of the emulsion, and separating a magnesium hydroxide precipitate from the calcium hydroxide emulsion when the pH is = 7.7-11.2, wherein the magnesium hydroxide and the calcium hydroxide can be sold or used by oneself.
The working principle of the high-temperature smelting method of metal and nonmetal is as follows: the coal powder and the garbage are added into the reduction furnace to be combusted in the mixed combustion chamber 18, the high temperature of 1800 ℃ is generated in the preheating section to generate carbon monoxide gas, and oxides in the reduction section 20 and the preheating section 19 of the reduction furnace 1 are reduced by the carbon monoxide and excessive carbon elements to be reduced into ferrosilicon, heavy metal mixture, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and the like. The carbon monoxide gas firstly enters a chilling deduster for cooling and dedusting, the recycled ash is returned to a mineral inlet, the waste heat discharged by the chilling deduster is recycled by a Kohler unit, the dedusted carbon monoxide gas enters a conversion separation system, the carbon monoxide reacts with water in the conversion separation system to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the carbon dioxide enters a carbonization reactor and reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce light calcium carbonate. The hydrogen enters an Anhydrogen system to produce Anhydrogen products for sale. And high-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the conversion separation system, the ferrosilicon separator and the hydrator enters the Kohlenipu unit to generate electricity, and part of the generated electricity is returned to the reduction furnace for use. The liquid phase ferrosilicon (melting point is about 1414 ℃) and heavy metal mixture which come out from the reducing furnace enter a ferrosilicon separator to separate the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal, and ferrosilicon and heavy metal products are produced.
As shown in fig. 2, the kohlung unit 5 includes an expander 64, a generator 65, a heat transfer medium circulation line 66, a hydrogen heat compression device 67, and an intermediate reheater 68, an expander outlet being connected to an expander inlet through the hydrogen heat compression device, the expander being connected to a generator shaft. The reduction furnace 1 is provided with a heat extraction device 9 which is circularly connected with the Koehbur unit through a heat-conducting medium circulating pipeline 66. The heat-conducting medium circulation pipeline 66 recovers the waste heat of the reduction furnace through the heat-taking device 9, then heats the hydrogen thermal compression device (containing rare earth metal hydride, hydrogen at the heated release position of the metal hydride, and the substance after releasing the hydrogen can reversibly absorb the hydrogen and release heat when absorbing the hydrogen) 67 to generate high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, pushes the expander 64 to work to drive the generator 65 to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is partially returned to the reduction furnace for use. The intermediate reheater 68 is an interstage heat exchanger provided for the expander. The hydrogen heat compressing device 67 may be provided in multiple stages due to a high temperature.
As shown in fig. 3, the hydrogen storage system 7 includes two hydrogen absorption reactors 40, a metal hydride replacement device 41, a metal hydride depleted container 42, and a saturated metal hydride container 43. The hydrogen absorption reactors are filled with metal hydrogen storage materials taking metal magnesium as a main component, the hydrogen absorption reactors are connected with the Kohler unit 5 through a circulating heat exchange medium pipeline 25 to form a circulating loop, and metal hydride outlets of the two hydrogen absorption reactors are respectively connected with a metal hydride depleted container 42 and a saturated metal hydride container 43 through a metal hydride replacing device. The recovered spent metal hydride in the spent metal hydride container 42 is pumped into the hydrogen absorption reactor 40 through the metal hydride replacing device 41, then hydrogen from the conversion separation system is introduced, the hydrogen reacts with the spent metal hydride to produce saturated metal hydride and simultaneously releases heat, the produced saturated metal hydride is added into the saturated metal hydride container 43 through the metal hydride replacing device 41, and the released heat is recovered to the Kohler unit through the circulating heat exchange medium pipeline 25.
The reduction furnace is divided into three sections, the front section is a mixed combustion chamber of pulverized coal and oxygen-enriched air, the middle section is a preheating section, the combustion reaches about 1800 ℃ at the moment, the rear section is a reduction section, and silicon dioxide, ferric oxide and other heavy metal oxides are reduced into a mixture of silicon iron and heavy metals. The mixture of ferrosilicon and heavy metals reduced in the reduction furnace 1 and other metal oxides (aluminum oxide Al)2O3Calcium oxide CaO and magnesium oxide MgO) are discharged from a product outlet 13, the separated liquid ferrosilicon and heavy metal mixture enter a ferrosilicon separator, and other metal oxides (aluminum oxide Al)2O3Calcium oxide CaO, magnesium oxide MgO) into the hydrator 2.
The internal circulation of the whole device is as follows: high-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the conversion separation system, the ferrosilicon separator and the hydrator enters a Kohlenbip unit to generate electricity, and part of the electricity is returned to be used by the reduction furnace; and the carbon monoxide gas enters a shift separation system, the carbon monoxide and water react in the shift separation system to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the carbon dioxide enters a carbonization reactor and reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce light calcium carbonate.
Example 2
The metal and nonmetal high-temperature smelting device comprises a reduction furnace 1, a Kohlepu unit 5, an Anhydrogen system 7, a chilling deduster 8, a transformation separation system 10, a calcium carbide separator 12 and a calcium carbide product bin 22 as shown in figure 5. The mixed combustion chamber 18 is provided with a finished product outlet 13, a fuel and reducing agent inlet 14, an oxygen-rich inlet 15 and a mineral inlet 16, the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet 17, and the carbon monoxide outlet 17 is connected with the chilling deduster 8. The shift separation system 10 is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen installation system, the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling dust remover 8, andand (4) completely collecting and recycling the carbon oxide. The finished product outlet 13 of the reducing furnace is connected to a calcium carbide separator 12, the calcium carbide separator 12 is provided with three product outlets, and the upper part of the product outlet is a solid phase (aluminum oxide Al)2O3) The export is connected to aluminium oxide finished product storehouse, and middle liquid phase carbide export is connected to carbide product storehouse 22, and lower part ferrosilicon export is connected to ferrosilicon product storehouse. The fuel and reductant inlets 14 are connected to a fuel delivery device and the oxygen-rich inlet 15 is connected to a pure oxygen line to blow pure oxygen. The reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the transformation separation system and the calcium carbide product bin are provided with heat recovery pipelines, and the heat recovery pipelines are connected to the Kohlepu unit.
The fuel and the reducing agent of the reducing furnace are coal powder, calcium oxide powder is added into a mineral inlet, the coal powder is combusted with pure oxygen in a mixed combustion chamber 18 of the reducing furnace to generate high temperature of 2200 ℃ in a preheating section to generate reducing carbon monoxide gas, silicon dioxide and iron oxide in the coal powder react with carbon in the coal powder to generate carbon monoxide, the silicon dioxide and the iron oxide are reduced into ferrosilicon by the carbon in the coal powder, the calcium oxide powder and the coal powder are added into the reducing furnace, and the calcium oxide reacts with excessive carbon elements in kiln chambers of a reducing section 20 and a preheating section 19 of the reducing furnace 1 to generate calcium carbide. Adjusting the mass ratio of the coal powder to the calcium oxide and the pure oxygen according to the components of the coal powder as the coal powder: calcium oxide: pure oxygen = 1.1: 0.45: 1. silicon iron FeSi and aluminum oxide Al coming out of the reduction furnace2O3The calcium carbide enters a calcium carbide separator 12, the calcium carbide is divided into three parts, namely aluminum oxide as a solid phase, ferrosilicon as a lower layer and the calcium carbide as an upper layer, and the three substances are separated and sold as products. Other processes of this example are the same as those of example 1.
Example 3
The metal and nonmetal high-temperature smelting device comprises a reduction furnace 1, a Kohler unit 5, an hydrogen adding system 7, a chilling deduster 8, a transformation separation system 10 and a metal iron finished product bin 23 as shown in figure 6. The mixed combustion chamber 18 is provided with a finished product outlet 13, a fuel and reducing agent inlet 14, an oxygen-rich inlet 15 and a mineral inlet 16, the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet 17, and the carbon monoxide outlet 17 is connected with the chilling deduster 8. The shift separation system 10 is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen installation system, the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling dust remover 8, and all carbon dioxide is collected and recycled. The finished product outlet 13 of the reduction furnace is connected to a metallic iron finished product bin 23. The fuel and reductant inlets 14 are connected to the fuel delivery apparatus and the oxygen-rich inlet 15 is connected to a pure oxygen line.
The fuel and the reducing agent of the reducing furnace are coal powder, iron oxide ore powder is added into a mineral inlet 16, the coal powder and pure oxygen are combusted in the reducing furnace to generate 1700 ℃ high temperature in a preheating section to generate reducing carbon monoxide gas, and the iron oxide ore powder and carbon in the coal powder react to generate carbon monoxide and metallic iron. The proportion of the coal powder, the iron oxide ore powder and the pure oxygen is adjusted according to the components of the coal powder: iron oxide ore powder: pure oxygen = 5: 1.3: 1. other processes of this example are the same as those of example 2.
Claims (10)
1. A high-temperature smelting device for metal and nonmetal is characterized in that: the device comprises a reduction furnace (1), a hydrator (2), a centrifugal separator (3), a carbonization reactor (4), a Kohlepu unit (5), a silicon-iron separator (6), a shift separation system (10), a liquid-solid separator (21), an ammoniation separator (11) and a hydrogen-adding system (7); the reduction furnace (1) is of a rotary kiln structure, the rotary kiln is divided into a mixed combustion chamber (18), a preheating section (19) and a reduction section (20), and the mixed combustion chamber (18), the preheating section (19) and the reduction section (20) are communicated in sequence; the mixed combustion chamber (18) is provided with a finished product outlet (13), a fuel and reducing agent inlet (14), an oxygen-enriched inlet (15) and a mineral inlet (16), and the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet (17); the shift separation system (10) is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, the hydrogen outlet is connected to a hydrogen installation system, the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the carbon monoxide outlet of the reduction furnace (1) through a chilling deduster, and the carbon dioxide outlet is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the carbonization reactor (4); a finished product outlet (13) of the reducing furnace is connected to a liquid-solid separator (21), a solid phase outlet of the liquid-solid separator is connected to a centrifugal separator (3) through a hydrator (2), the hydrator (2) is provided with a water filling port, a liquid phase outlet of the liquid-solid separator (21) is connected to a ferrosilicon separator (6), the ferrosilicon separator is provided with a heavy metal mixture outlet and a ferrosilicon outlet, the heavy metal mixture outlet is connected to a metal product bin, and the ferrosilicon outlet is connected to a ferrosilicon product bin; the centrifugal separator is provided with a solid product outlet and a liquid product outlet, the liquid product outlet is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the ammoniation separator, and the other path is connected to the carbonization reactor (4); the carbonization reactor is provided with a light calcium carbonate outlet and a magnesium hydroxide outlet, the light calcium carbonate outlet is connected to a light calcium carbonate product bin, and the magnesium hydroxide outlet is connected to a magnesium hydroxide product bin; the ammoniation separator is provided with a calcium hydroxide outlet and a magnesium hydroxide outlet, the calcium hydroxide outlet is connected to the calcium hydroxide product bin, and the magnesium hydroxide outlet is connected to the magnesium hydroxide product bin.
2. The metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the effluent of the liquid phase outlet of the centrifugal separator (3) is calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion; and the solid product flowing out of the solid product outlet of the centrifugal separator (3) is aluminum oxide.
3. The metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the Kohleps unit comprises an expansion machine (64), a generator (65), a heat-conducting medium circulation pipeline (66), a hydrogen heat compression device (67) and an intermediate reheater (68), wherein an outlet of the expansion machine is connected to an inlet of the expansion machine through the hydrogen heat compression device, and the expansion machine is connected with a generator shaft; the reduction furnace (1) is provided with a heat extraction device (9), the electric device for the reduction furnace is in circuit connection with a generator (65), and the heat extraction device is in circulating connection with the Koehu unit through a heat-conducting medium circulating pipeline (66).
4. The metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein: the heat-conducting medium circulating pipeline (66) recovers waste heat of the reduction furnace through the heat-taking equipment (9), then heats the hydrogen heat compression equipment (67) to generate high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, pushes the expansion machine (64) to work to drive the generator (65) to generate electricity, and returns the generated electricity to the reduction furnace; the intermediate reheater (68) is an interstage heat exchanger which is provided for the expander to do more work; the low-temperature and low-pressure hydrogen after work is done enters a hydrogen heat compression device (67).
5. The metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen installation system (7) comprises two hydrogen absorption reactors (40), a metal hydride replacing device (41), a metal hydride depleted container (42) and a saturated metal hydride container (43); the hydrogen absorption reactors are filled with metal hydrogen storage materials taking metal magnesium as a main component, the hydrogen absorption reactors are connected with a Kohler unit (5) through a circulating heat exchange medium pipeline (25) to form a circulating loop, and metal hydride outlets of the two hydrogen absorption reactors are respectively connected with a metal hydride depleted container (42) and a saturated metal hydride container (43) through metal hydride replacing devices.
6. The metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical apparatus in accordance with claim 5, wherein: the recovered spent metal hydride in the spent metal hydride container (42) is pumped into a hydrogen absorption reactor (40) through a metal hydride replacing device (41), then hydrogen from a conversion separation system is introduced, the hydrogen reacts with the spent metal hydride to produce saturated metal hydride and simultaneously releases heat, the produced saturated metal hydride is added into a saturated metal hydride container (43) through the metal hydride replacing device (41), and the released heat is recovered to a Kohle unit through a circulating heat exchange medium pipeline (25).
7. The metal and non-metal pyrometallurgical apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the reduction furnace (1) is of a rotary kiln structure, the rotary kiln is divided into a mixed combustion chamber (18), a preheating section (19) and a reduction section (20), and the mixed combustion chamber (18), the preheating section (19) and the reduction section (20) are communicated in sequence; the mixed combustion chamber (18) is provided with a finished product outlet (13), a fuel and reducing agent inlet (14), an oxygen-enriched inlet (15) and a mineral inlet (16), the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet (17), and the kiln wall of the rotary kiln is designed to be composed of refractory materials and steel structures at corresponding working temperatures.
8. A method of pyrometallurgical processing of metals and nonmetals using the metal and nonmetal pyrometallurgical apparatus of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: burning the coke powder and garbage raw materials with pure oxygen in a reduction furnace (1) to generate high temperature and generate reductive carbon monoxide gas, reacting silicon dioxide and heavy metal in the coke powder with carbon in reducing agent coke powder, coal powder or garbage to generate carbon monoxide, and reducing the silicon dioxide and heavy metal oxide into ferrosilicon and heavy metal; the generated carbon monoxide gas enters a conversion separation system (10) through a chilling deduster (8), the carbon monoxide and water vapor react in the conversion separation system to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the separated carbon dioxide enters a carbonization reactor and reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce light calcium carbonate, and the separated hydrogen gas produces hydrogen; high-temperature waste heat of the reduction furnace (1) enters a Kohlehem pump unit (5) through a chilling deduster to generate power, and part of the generated power is used by the reduction furnace; the ferrosilicon, heavy metal, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide produced from the reduction furnace are separated into two parts, the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal enter a ferrosilicon separator, and the ferrosilicon and the heavy metal are separated to produce ferrosilicon and heavy metal products; adding the other part of aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide into a hydrator, adding water to react, reacting the calcium oxide and the magnesium oxide with the water to respectively generate calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, adding the emulsion of the aluminum oxide, the calcium hydroxide and the magnesium hydroxide into a centrifugal separator, and separating the solid-phase aluminum oxide Al2O3Selling the product, adding part of the liquid phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion into a carbonization reactor, generating light calcium carbonate with carbon dioxide, separating the light calcium carbonate precipitate from the magnesium hydroxide emulsion, and selling the separated light calcium carbonate precipitate and magnesium hydroxide as the product(ii) a And the other part of the liquid-phase calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide emulsion enters an ammoniation separator, ammonia water is introduced into the ammoniation separator to adjust the pH value of the emulsion, the magnesium hydroxide precipitate is separated from the calcium hydroxide emulsion, and the magnesium hydroxide and the calcium hydroxide are sold or used by oneself as products.
9. A high-temperature smelting device for metal and nonmetal is characterized in that: the device comprises a reduction furnace (1), a Kohlep unit (5), a hydrogen installation system (7), a chilling dust remover (8), a transformation separation system (10), a calcium carbide separator (12) and a calcium carbide product bin (22); the mixed combustion chamber (18) is provided with a finished product outlet (13), a fuel and reducing agent inlet (14), an oxygen-enriched inlet (15) and a mineral inlet (16), the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet (17), and the hydrogen outlet is connected to a hydrogen-adding system; the shift separation system (10) is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet; the carbon monoxide outlet (17) is connected to a Kohler unit (5) and a shift separation system (10) through a quench (8); the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling deduster (8), and carbon dioxide is completely collected and recycled; a finished product outlet (13) of the reducing furnace is connected to a calcium carbide separator (12), the calcium carbide separator (12) is provided with three product outlets, an upper solid phase outlet is connected to an aluminum oxide finished product bin, a middle liquid phase calcium carbide outlet is connected to a calcium carbide product bin (22), and a lower ferrosilicon outlet is connected to a ferrosilicon product bin; the fuel and reducing agent inlet (14) is connected to the fuel conveying equipment, and the oxygen-enriched inlet (15) is connected with a pure oxygen pipeline to blow pure oxygen; the reduction furnace, the hydrogen adding system, the conversion separation system and the calcium carbide product bin are provided with heat recovery pipelines, and the heat recovery pipelines are connected to the Kohlepu unit.
10. A high-temperature smelting device for metal and nonmetal is characterized in that: the device comprises a reduction furnace (1), a Kohlepu unit (5), a hydrogen adding system (7), a chilling deduster (8), a transformation separation system (10) and a metal iron finished product bin (23); the mixed combustion chamber (18) is provided with a finished product outlet (13), a fuel and reducing agent inlet (14), an oxygen-enriched inlet (15) and a mineral inlet (16), the reduction section is provided with a carbon monoxide outlet (17), and the carbon monoxide outlet (17) is connected with the chilling deduster (8); the shift separation system (10) is provided with a hydrogen outlet, a water vapor inlet, a carbon monoxide inlet and a carbon dioxide outlet, the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen installation system, the carbon monoxide inlet is connected with the outlet of the chilling deduster (8), and all carbon dioxide is collected and recycled; a finished product outlet (13) of the reducing furnace is connected to a metal iron finished product bin (23); the fuel and reductant inlets (14) are connected to a fuel delivery device and the oxygen-rich inlet (15) is connected to a pure oxygen line.
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