CN104031238A - 一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104031238A
CN104031238A CN201410280658.2A CN201410280658A CN104031238A CN 104031238 A CN104031238 A CN 104031238A CN 201410280658 A CN201410280658 A CN 201410280658A CN 104031238 A CN104031238 A CN 104031238A
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elastic body
diisocyanate
body according
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艾玲
汪泽恒
杨廷廷
陈海风
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SUZHOU AUSTIN NOVEL MATERIALS TECHNOLGY CO., LTD.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其步骤为：1)将聚酯多元醇、含氟聚醚二醇、催化剂加入反应釜中，加热、真空条件下脱水反应，然后冷却后通入氮气解除真空，得混合多元醇；将含有至少一种芳香族的二异氰酸酯和至少一种脂肪族的二异氰酸酯的混合物加热后，加入至上述混合多元醇中，经反应得到含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体；2)将扩链剂加热后与含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体混合，搅拌混合，得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体；然后经真空干燥后，得到高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。利用该发明公开方法制得的高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，主要用于涂料工业、皮革装饰、纺织整理和医药卫生等诸多方面。

Description

一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，尤其涉及一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法。
背景技术
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(又称为TPU)新材料被称为“划时代的新型高分子材料”，是当前世界六大具有发展前途的合成材料之一。
由于热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)不仅具有耐磨、柔韧以及高弹性，而且透湿性和防水性能优异，已广泛应用于服装行业，主要用于织物品贴合中，可达到不允许雨水等液体通过、但能保证水蒸气自由透过的效果，即具有“可呼吸性”。目前国内同类产品中聚酯型聚氨酯力学性能优良，但透湿性低；而聚醚型聚氨酯亲水性好，透湿性高，但力学性能、防水性能差。
目前，含氟热塑性聚氨酯弹主要用作生物医药材料，由于含氟单体活性较低，使最终聚合物分子量低、力学性能不高，从而限制其应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种具有透湿性高、力学性能好、舒适感强等多重效果的高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其步骤为：
1)含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体的制备：
将聚酯多元醇、含氟聚醚二醇、催化剂加入反应釜中，升温至150～250℃，边升温边抽真空，使真空度达到-0.08～-0.1MPa，在150～250℃温度下脱水1～20h，然后冷却至65～85℃，通入氮气解除真空，得混合多元醇；
将含有至少一种芳香族二异氰酸酯和至少一种脂肪族二异氰酸酯的混合物加热至40～45℃，然后加入到上述混合多元醇中，经反应得到含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体；
所述的聚酯多元醇与含氟聚醚二醇的质量比为1:4～4:1；所述的催化剂占聚酯多元醇、含氟聚醚二醇的总质量的0.01％～0.5％；所述的二异氰酸酯的混合物与混合多元醇的质量比为1：1～2；
2)两步法合成聚氨酯弹性体
将扩链剂加热至50～80℃后与步骤1)所得含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体混合，以600～2000rpm转速机械搅拌30～180s，得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体；然后将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体倒入洁净干燥的聚四氟乙烯盘，水平放置于80～150℃真空烘箱中，保持真空度为-0.08～-0.1MPa，干燥4～24h后取出，得到高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体；
所述的扩链剂占含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体质量的1％～10％。
所述的聚酯多元醇的数均分子量为1000～4000；
所述的聚酯多元醇选自下述物质中的一种或几种的混合：端羟基聚己二酸乙二醇酯(PEA)，端羟基聚己内酯(PCL)，端羟基聚己二酸己二醇酯(PHA)，端羟基聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)，聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTHF)，聚丙二醇。
所述的含氟聚醚二醇为六氟双酚A和/或聚含氟缩水甘油醚二醇(PFGE，分子量1000-3000)；
所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、对苯基二异氰酸酯、4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种；
所述的脂肪族二异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1，6-己二氰酸酯中的一种或几种；
所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯和脂肪族二异氰酸酯的摩尔比是1:1～4:1；
所述的催化剂为有机锡类催化剂，选自辛酸亚锡、二醋酸二丁基锡以及二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或两种混合物；
所述的扩链剂选自下述物质中的一种或几种：1，4-丁二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，4-环己醇、新戊二醇、1，6－己二醇。
有益效果：本发明将从采用聚酯与聚醚混合型聚氨酯预聚体制备技术、新型扩链剂应用及天然大分子甲壳素微粒与聚氨酯弹性体共混技术等方面来制备透湿型聚氨酯弹性体，从而达到透湿性高、力学性能好、舒适感强等多重效果。
通过本发明获得的高阻尼高韧性聚氨酯弹性体的主要技术指标：拉伸强度10～20MPa，断裂伸长率：500～800％，表面张力32-42mN/m，有效阻尼温度范围：-80℃～50℃。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的具体实施方案。
实施例1
在反应釜中称取端羟基己二酸乙二醇酯(PEA，分子量2000)4kg和聚含氟缩水甘油醚二醇(PFGE，数均分子量2000)4kg，质量比为50/50，于120℃真空脱水2h，降温至80℃，加入4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯摩尔比2:1的混合物1.726kg，搅拌反应3h，升温至140℃，加入1，4-丁二醇(BDO)扩链剂0.274kg，搅拌均匀后倒入洁净干燥的聚四氟乙烯盘，水平放置于140℃真空烘箱中，保持真空度为-0.09MPa，20h后取出，得到高阻尼高韧热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例2
在反应釜中称取端羟基聚己内酯(PCL，分子量2000)2.1kg和聚含氟缩水甘油醚二醇(PFGE，数均分子量1000)4kg，质量比为30/70，于120℃真空脱水2h，降温至70℃，加入4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯以摩尔比2.5:1的混合物2.498kg，搅拌反应3h，升温至140℃，加入1，6-己二醇(HG)扩链剂0.502kg，搅拌均匀后倒入洁净干燥的聚四氟乙烯盘，水平放置于140℃真空烘箱中，保持真空度为-0.09MPa，20h后取出，得到高阻尼高韧热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
实施例3
在反应釜中称取聚四亚甲基醚二醇(PTHF，分子量2000)6kg和聚含氟缩水甘油醚二醇(PFGE，数均分子量2000)4kg，质量比为50/50，于120℃真空脱水2h，降温至80℃，加入对苯基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯以摩尔比3:1的混合物1.726kg，搅拌反应3h，升温至140℃，加入1，4-丁二醇(BDO)扩链剂0.274kg，搅拌均匀后倒入洁净干燥的聚四氟乙烯盘，水平放置于140℃真空烘箱中，保持真空度为-0.09MPa，20h后取出，得到高阻尼高韧热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
拉伸强度测定方法：ISO 37-2005，阻尼性能采用动态力学分析仪(DMA242C)对阻尼材料进行动态力学测分析，测试条件为：拉伸模式，频率10Hz，温度-80℃～200℃，升温速率3/min，其测试结果见下表：

Claims (10)

1.一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其步骤为：
1)将聚酯多元醇、含氟聚醚二醇、催化剂加入反应釜中，升温至150～250℃，边升温边抽真空，使真空度达到-0.08～-0.1MPa，在150～250℃温度下脱水1～20h，然后冷却至65～85℃，通入氮气解除真空，得混合多元醇；
将含有至少一种芳香族二异氰酸酯和至少一种脂肪族二异氰酸酯的混合物加热至40～45℃，然后加入至上述混合多元醇中，经反应得到含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体；
所述的聚酯多元醇与含氟聚醚二醇的质量比为1:4～4:1；所述的催化剂占聚酯多元醇、含氟聚醚二醇的总质量的0.01％～0.5％；所述的二异氰酸酯的混合物与混合多元醇的质量比为1：1～2；
2)将扩链剂加热至50～80℃后与步骤1)所得含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体混合，以600～2000rpm转速搅拌30～180s，得到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体；然后将热塑性聚氨酯弹性体置于80～150℃温度条件、-0.08～-0.1MPa压力条件下，干燥4～24h，得到高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体；
所述的扩链剂占含氟混合型聚氨酯预聚体质量的1％～10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的聚酯多元醇的数均分子量为1000～4000。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的数均分子量为1000～4000的聚酯多元醇选自下述物质中的一种或几种的混合：端羟基聚己二酸乙二醇酯，端羟基聚己内酯，端羟基聚己二酸己二醇酯，端羟基聚己二酸丁二醇酯，聚四亚甲基醚二醇，聚丙二醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的含氟聚醚二醇为六氟双酚A和/或数均分子量为1000-3000的聚含氟缩水甘油醚二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、对苯基二异氰酸酯、4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的脂肪族二异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1，6-己二氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的芳香族二异氰酸酯和脂肪族二异氰酸酯的摩尔比是1:1～4:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的催化剂为有机锡类催化剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的有机锡类催化剂选自辛酸亚锡、二醋酸二丁基锡以及二月桂酸二丁基锡中的一种或两种的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻尼高韧性热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的扩链剂选自下述物质中的一种或几种：1，4-丁二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，4-环己醇、新戊二醇、1，6－己二醇。
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CN110105534A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2019-08-09 郑州大学 一种透明高强度高韧性室温自修复热塑性聚氨酯脲弹性体及制备方法
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