CN104023674A - 可膨胀椎间植入物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
可膨胀椎间植入物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104023674A CN104023674A CN201280062570.2A CN201280062570A CN104023674A CN 104023674 A CN104023674 A CN 104023674A CN 201280062570 A CN201280062570 A CN 201280062570A CN 104023674 A CN104023674 A CN 104023674A
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- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- oblique portion
- guide rail
- parts
- intervertebral implant
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
一种椎间植入物,包括第一部件和第二部件。第二部件包括致动件,第三部件包括第一斜部和与第一斜部轴向间隔开的第二斜部。第三部件包括多个导轨,这些导轨包括各斜部的至少一部分。设置有第一导轨的斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第一高度,而设置有第二导轨的斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第二高度。第一高度大于所述第二高度。致动件能够与第三部件接合,以实现轴向平移,使得在第一构造和第二构造之间所述斜部接合至少一个部件。公开了使用的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用以治疗肌骨失常的医疗装置、系统和方法,特别涉及用以治疗脊柱的可膨胀椎间植入物和方法。
背景技术
诸如退行性椎间盘病、椎间盘突出症、骨质疏松症、脊椎前移、椎管狭窄、脊柱侧凸和其它弯曲异常、脊柱后凸、肿瘤和骨折等的脊柱病症可能由包括因受伤和衰老引起的创伤、疾病和功能退化等多种因素导致。典型地,脊柱病症导致包括疼痛、神经损伤、部分或完全失去移动能力等症状。例如,在椎间盘塌陷后,由于施加在神经和脊柱上的压力,会产生剧痛和不适。
诸如药物治疗、康复治疗和锻炼治疗等非手术治疗可能是有效的,但是不能够减轻与这些病症相关联的症状。对这些脊柱病症的手术治疗包括融合、固定、椎间盘切除、椎板切除和可植入假体。这些治疗可以使用椎间植入物。本发明描述了对现有技术的改进。
发明内容
因此,本文公开了一种可膨胀椎间植入物系统和方法。在一个实施例中,提供了椎间植入物。该椎间植入物包括第一部件,该第一部件包括外部组织接合表面和内表面。第二部件连接到该第一部件并且能够从该第一部件相对地移动。该第二部件包括外部组织接合表面和内表面。该第二部件包括致动件。第三部件被设置用以接合操作,并能够相对于第一部件和第二部件移动。该第三部件包括第一斜部和与该第一斜部轴向间隔开的第二斜部。该第三部件包括第一导轨,该第一导轨包括第一斜部和第二斜部各自的至少一部分。第二导轨包括第一斜部和第二斜部各自的至少一部分。设置有第一导轨的各斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第一高度,并且设置有第二导轨的各斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第二高度。该第一高度大于第二高度。该致动件能够与第三部件接合,以实现第三部件的轴向平移,使得斜部接合第一部件和第二部件其中之一的内表面,以使各部件在第一收缩构造和第二膨胀构造之间移动。
在一个实施例中,椎间植入物包括活塞部件,该活塞部件包括终板表面和以与该终板表面相反的定向设置的内表面。该活塞部件在前端和后端之间延伸。基底部件包括终板表面和以与该基底部件的终板表面相反的定向设置的内表面。该基底部件在前端和后端之间延伸。该基底部件包括致动件。楔形件被设置以用于接合操作,并且能够相对于活塞部件和基底部件进行移动。该楔形件包括第一斜部和与第一斜部轴向间隔开的第二斜部,以及与第二斜部轴向间隔开的第三斜部。该楔形件包括前部导轨和后部导轨,该前部导轨包括第一斜部、第二斜部和第三斜部各自的至少一部分,该后部导轨包括第一斜部、第二斜部和第三斜部各自的至少一部分。致动件能够与楔形件接合以实现该楔形件的轴向平移,使得各斜部接合该活塞部件的内表面,以使各部件在第一收缩构造和第二膨胀构造之间移动。
在一个实施例中,提供了一种治疗脊柱的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:提供椎间植入物,该椎间植入物包括:第一部件、第二部件和第三部件,该第一部件具有前端和后端,该第一部件包括外部组织接合表面和内表面,该第二部件具有前端和后端,该第二部件包括外部组织接合表面和内表面,该第二部件包括致动件,该第三部件被设置用于接合操作并且能够相对于第一部件和第二部件移动,该第三部件包括第一斜部和与该第一斜部轴向间隔的第二斜部,该第三部件包括第一导轨和第二导轨,第一导轨包括第一斜部和第二斜部各自的至少一部分,第二导轨包括第一斜部和第二斜部各自的至少一部分,设置有第一导轨的各斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第一高度,设置有第二导轨的各斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第二高度,并且该第一高度大于第二高度;将处于收缩构造的该椎间植入物沿身体的直接外侧入路引入椎体间空间中;然后,使第三部件接合该致动件以实现第三部件相对于第一部件和第二部件的轴向平移,使得各斜部接合第一部件和第二部件之一的内表面,以将该椎间植入物膨胀到第二膨胀构造。
附图说明
通过结合以下附图的具体实施方式,本发明将变得更加显而易见,附图中,
图1是根据本发明原理的系统的植入物的一个实施例的立体图;
图2是图1所示植入物的侧视图;
图3是图1所示植入物的平面图;
图4是图1所示植入物的侧视图;
图5是图1所示植入物的一个部件的立体图;
图6是图1所示植入物的立体图;
图7是图1所示植入物的侧视图;
图8是图1所示植入物的平面图;
图9是图1所示植入物的侧视图;
图10是根据本发明的原理与椎骨一起设置的系统的各部件的侧视图;以及
图11是图10所示系统的各部件和椎骨的侧视图。
具体实施方式
根据用以治疗肌骨失常的医疗装置,更特别地,根据用以治疗脊柱的可膨胀椎间植入物系统和相关方法,讨论了本文公开的可膨胀椎间植入物系统和相关使用方法的示例性实施例。可以设想的是,植入物系统可以提供例如融合、解压、矢状面平衡恢复和阻止沉入例如椎体终板表面等组织的功能。可以进一步设想的是,该系统包括椎间植入物,该椎间植入物在插入椎间盘空间后膨胀并且具有数种特征,例如,可以灵活地插入椎间盘空间使得在外科手术、神经根解压、膨胀以恢复矢状面平衡的过程中只需移除较少的骨,以使在例如腰椎应用中为前侧提供相对于后侧更多的膨胀。
在一个实施例中,通过直接外侧入路将可膨胀的椎间植入物系统用于椎间盘空间,使得椎间植入物的前侧比椎间植入物的后侧膨胀得更多,以恢复脊柱前凸。在一个实施例中,可膨胀椎间植入物包括接合第一椎体终板的基底部件、接合在相反定向上设置的第二椎体终板的活塞部件以及在该基底部件和活塞部件之间被驱动以驱动基底部件和活塞部件分离的多斜部部件。可以考虑的是,该多斜部部件通过致动部件而相对于基底部件进行移动。还可以考虑的是,三级多斜部部件可以包括三个楔部,三个楔部用以将活塞部件和基底部件在可膨胀椎间植入物的近端和远端处驱动分开。可以设想的是,各楔部的高度和角度选择性地提供在可膨胀椎间植入物的各端上的膨胀量和膨胀速率。例如,当可膨胀椎间植入物膨胀时,在可膨胀椎间植入物的远部和/或前部上的较陡楔部和/或较高楔部驱动脊柱前凸。
可以设想的是,本文公开的可膨胀椎间植入物和使用方法可以用以通过微创或经皮插入技术来实现椎骨的融合。在一个实施例中,所公开的可膨胀椎间植入物和使用方法可以通过使该装置的前侧比其后侧膨胀得更多而恢复脊柱前凸。可以考虑的是,本文公开的可膨胀椎间植入物和使用方法提供例如用以维持移植骨和椎体终板接触的、相对恒定的植骨体积。
可以设想的是,本发明可以用于治疗诸如退行性椎间盘病、椎间盘突出症、骨质疏松症、脊椎前移、椎管狭窄、脊柱侧凸和其它弯曲异常、脊柱后凸、肿瘤和骨折等脊柱病症。可以考虑的是,本发明可以用于其它骨骼和与骨相关的应用,包括与诊断学和治疗学相关联的应用。还可以考虑的是,公开的可膨胀椎间植入物可以在外科治疗中可替换地用于处于伏卧或背卧位置的病人,和/或将各种手术入路应用于脊骨,所述入路包括前部、后部、后部中线、中间、侧部、后侧和/或前侧入路以及在身体其它部位中。可替换地,本发明的可膨胀椎间植入物也可以用于治疗脊柱的腰部、颈部、胸部和骨盆区域的手术中。本发明的可膨胀椎间植入物和方法也可以例如在训练、试验和演示中用于动物、骨骼模型和其它非生物基质。
结合形成本发明一部分的附图,参照以下本发明的具体实施方式,可以更容易地理解本发明。应当理解的是,本发明不限于本文所述和/或所示的特定装置、方法、条件或参数,并且本文所使用的术语目的是仅通过示例来描述具体实施例,而不是意为限制所要求保护的本发明。而且,如说明书中所使用的并包括所附权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”、“该”包括复数情况,并且所提到的具体数值至少包括该具体值,除非上下文中另有其它说明。范围可以在本文中表达为从“大约”或“接近”一个具体值和/或到“大约”或“接近”另一个具体值。当表达这样的范围时,另一实施例包括从一个具体值和/或到另一具体值。类似地,如果各值通过使用先行词“大约”而表达为近似值,那么,将会理解的是,该具体值形成另一实施例。也应理解的是,例如水平、竖直、顶、上、下、底、外、内、末端(表示位置或定位)、左和右、前、后等所有的空间参照术语都可以在本发明的范围内变化。例如,参照术语“高”和“低”是相对于另一事物的,并且仅用于上下文中,但是不一定是指“上”和“下”。
另外,如说明书中使用的并包括所附权利要求,“治疗”疾病或病情涉及执行程序,该程序可以包括为病人用药以减轻该疾病或病情的迹象或症状。在该疾病或病情的迹象或症状出现之前以及之后都可以产生减轻的效果。因此,治疗包括预防疾病或不良的病情(例如,防止疾病发生在可能已对该病进行预处置但尚未诊断为患有该病的病人身上)。另外,治疗不要求完全地缓解迹象或症状,不要求治愈,并且特别地,包括只对病人具有轻微效果的程序。治疗可以包括抑制疾病,例如阻止病情发展,或减缓疾病,例如使疾病消退。例如,治疗可以包括减少急性或慢性炎症;减轻痛苦并缓和及诱导新韧带、骨和其它组织的再生;在外科手术中作为辅助;和/或任何修护程序。而且,如说明书中使用的并包括所附权利要求,除非另有具体说明,否则,术语“组织”包括软组织、韧带、腱、软骨和/或骨。
以下讨论内容包括对根据本发明原理的可膨胀椎间植入物和使用该可膨胀椎间植入物的相关方法的描述。以下内容也公开了可替换实施例。现在详细参照在附图中示出的本发明的示例性实施例。现在参照图1至图9,其示出了根据本发明原理的、包括椎间植入物10的可膨胀椎间植入物的各部件。
该系统的各部件可以根据具体用途和/或医师的偏好而由适用于医学应用的生物可接受材料制成,这些材料包括金属、合成聚合物、陶瓷和骨质材料,和/或它们的化合物。例如,系统的各部件可以各自或整体地由以下材料制成:如不锈钢合金、商用纯钛、钛合金、五级钛、超弹性钛合金、钴铬合金、不锈钢合金、超弹性金属合金(例如,镍钛诺、超弹塑性金属,如由日本丰田汽车材料股份有限公司(Toyota Material Incorporated of Japan)生产的商标为GUM的材料)、陶瓷和它们的化合物,如磷酸钙(例如,由Biologix Inc.公司生产的商标为SKELITETM的材料),诸如包括聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)和聚醚酮(PEK)的聚芳基醚酮(PAEK)的热塑性塑料、碳-聚醚醚酮化合物、聚醚醚酮-硫酸钡(BaSO4)聚合橡胶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、纤维、硅树脂、聚氨酯、硅-聚氨酯共聚物、聚合橡胶、聚烯烃橡胶、水凝胶、半刚性或刚性材料、弹性体、橡胶、热塑性弹性体、热固性弹性体、弹性化合物、包括聚亚苯基、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚乙烯、环氧基树脂的刚性聚合物、包括自体植入物、同种异体植入物、异种植入物或转基因皮质和/或皮松质骨的骨质材料,以及组织生长或分化因子、诸如金属和钙基陶瓷的化合物、聚醚醚酮和钙基陶瓷的化合物、聚醚醚酮和再吸收聚合物的化合物等部分再吸收材料、诸如磷酸钙、磷酸三钙(TCP)、羟磷灰石(HA)—磷酸三钙、硫酸钙等钙基陶瓷的全部再吸收材料、或诸如聚交酯、聚乙交酯、聚酪氨酸碳酸酯、聚已酸内酯以及它们的组合等其它再吸收聚合物。系统的各个部件可以由包括上述材料的材料化合物制成,以实现诸如强度、刚度、弹性、柔性、可塑性、生物力学性能、耐久性和射线可透性或成像性等各种所需特性。该系统的各部件也可以各自或整体地由诸如两个或多个上述材料组合而成的非均质材料制成。
包括椎间植入物10的该系统可以在融合和固定手术程序中用作稳定装置,例如用以为患有脊柱病症的病人提供椎体间的高度恢复、解压、矢状面平衡恢复和/或阻止沉入椎体终板。该椎间植入物系统的各部分可以整体形成、一体化连接或者包括例如上述的紧固元件和/或仪器。
椎间植入物10限定纵轴a并在第一端12和第二端14之间延伸。如图1、图4和图9所示,椎间植入物10也在前端13和后端15之间延伸。椎间植入物10包括第一部件和第二部件,比如,第一部件例如为活塞部件16,第二部件例如为连接到活塞部件16的基底部件18。如下所述,基底部件18通过致动件可移动地安装到活塞部件16。活塞部件16包括壁20,该壁20限定用以捕获该致动件的开口。该构造保持椎间植入物10的各部件连接成一体化的或统一的组件,以方便部件16、18之间的枢转连接。如将描述的,部件16、18能够相对移动,以使椎间植入物10在第一构造和第二构造之间膨胀和收缩。可以考虑的是,部件16、18可以整体形成和/或通过活动铰链连接。还可以考虑的是,可替换地,基底部件18可以通过一体化连接、压合、螺纹连接、粘合和/或诸如夹具和/或螺钉等紧固元件而连接到活塞部件16。可以设想的是,椎间植入物10可以包括一个或多个部件。
活塞部件16包括外部组织接合表面,例如终板表面22。终板表面22限定在其中延伸的、基本为矩形的开口24。可以设想的是,该开口24可以构造用于填充至少一种中间件(agent),例如移植骨。还可以设想的是,该开口24可以具有诸如椭圆形、长方形、三角形、正方形、多边形、不规则形、均匀、非均匀、偏置、交错、波形、弧形、多变和/或锥形等的替换构造。应考虑的是,终板表面22可以包括一个或多个开口。
终板表面22构造成接合椎体的终板,并包括构造成加强与椎骨组织之间固定和/或夹紧的多个凸起元件26。凸起元件26设置成横向于纵向轴线a。可以设想的是,根据具体应用的要求,终板表面22的所有部分或仅一部分可以具有用以加强与组织之间固定效果的替换表面构造,例如,粗糙的、弧形的、波形的、网格的、渗透的、半渗透的、凹形的和/或有纹理的表面构造。还可以设想的是,凸起元件26可以相对于轴线a以替换的定向设置,例如,垂直定向和/或以诸如锐角或钝角等其它角度定向,同轴,和/或可以偏置或交错。
活塞部件16包括内表面28,该内表面28被设置成面向与终板表面22所面向的定向和/或方向相对的定向和/或方向。终板表面22被定向成面向椎体终板组织的方向,内表面28被定向成面向相反的方向。内表面28是基本上光滑或平坦的,并被构造成接合第三部件的表面,例如接合楔形件30的表面,使得楔形件30能够相对于部件16、18移动。
活塞部件16包括以大体线性的构造沿纵向轴线a在第一端12和第二端14之间延伸的第一延伸部32和第二延伸部34。延伸部32、34与第一端12和第二端14以整体形式形成。可以设想的是,可替换地,延伸部32、34可以通过一体化连接、压合、螺纹连接、粘合和/或诸如铰接部、夹具和/或螺钉等的紧固元件而连接到第一端12和第二端14。延伸部32、34沿相对于纵向轴线a基本平行的定向设置。可以考虑的是,延伸部32和/或34可以相对于纵向轴线a在诸如垂直、会聚、分开和/或其它诸如锐角或钝角的角度定向、同轴等可替换定向上设置,和/或可以偏置或交错。可以设想的是,延伸部32、34能够以诸如曲率半径、偏置和/或交错之类替代构造延伸。还可以设想的是,延伸部32、34可以具有诸如椭圆形、长方形、三角形、矩形、正方形、多边形、不规则形、均匀、非均匀、可变、中空和/或锥形之类的多种横截面构造。
延伸部32、34各自包括内表面28的至少一部分,该部分接合楔形件30表面的至少一部分,以使椎间植入物10在第一构造和第二构造之间膨胀和收缩,如将描述的。例如,延伸部32、34各自包括平坦部40、第一倾斜部42、第一凹部44、第一过渡部46、第二倾斜部48、第二凹部50、第二过渡部52和第三倾斜部53。部分40、42、44、46、48、50、52和53沿每个延伸部32、34连续设置。倾斜部42、48和53设置成与轴线a成一定角度。可以考虑的是,延伸部32和/或延伸部34可以包括一个或多个倾斜部,或者一个延伸部可以包括倾斜部,而另一延伸部可以不包括倾斜部。
基底部件18包括外部组织接合表面,例如终板表面54。可以设想的是,终板表面54可以包括构造用于填充例如移植骨等至少一个中间件的一个或多个开口。终板表面54构造成接合椎骨的终板,并包括构造成加强与椎骨组织之间的固定和/或夹紧的凸起元件27。凸起元件27设置成横向于纵向轴线a。可以设想的是,终板表面54的所有部分或仅一部分可以具有与本文所述可替换实例类似的、用以加强与组织之间固定的可替换表面构造。还可以设想的是,凸起元件27能够以类似于本文所述替换实例的方式相对于纵向轴线a在替换的定向上设置。
基底部件18包括内表面56,该内表面56被设置成面向与终板表面54所面向的定向和/或方向相反的定向和/或方向。终板表面54被定向成面向椎体终板组织的方向,内表面56被定向成面向相反的方向。内表面56是平面的,并且基本上光滑或平坦,且被构造成接合楔形件30的表面。内表面56接合楔形件30的表面使得楔形件30能够相对于部件16、18移动。
基底部件18沿纵向轴线a在第一端12和第二端14之间以大体线性的构造延伸。基底部件18包括限定诸如螺纹开口64等细长形腔室的壁62。诸如螺钉66之类的致动件被构造成设置在螺纹开口64中,并且通过壁20的开口延伸到远端68,远端68由楔形件30固定。
螺钉66能够相对于壁62沿诸如顺时针的第一方向和沿诸如逆时针的第二相反方向进行旋转。螺钉66构造成以螺纹接合的方式与螺纹开口64配合,并且远端68由楔形件30固定并能够在其中自由转动。使得螺钉66接合开口64并且沿选定方向转动,使得该螺钉66与开口64螺纹连接。螺钉66被构造用于沿第一轴向和第二轴向相对于壁62平移。
如图5所示,远端68包括凸缘70,该凸缘接合楔形件30的壁72以通过楔形件30保持螺钉66。远端68延伸通过壁72的开口74并包括减小的直径(未示出),使得远端68相对于壁72转动,以方便螺钉66和楔形件30的轴向平移。远端68的减少的直径方便了螺钉66与壁72的接合,以沿图8箭头A所示第一方向来驱动和轴向平移楔形件30。凸缘70接合壁72,以沿箭头C所示的第二相反方向牵拉和轴向平移楔形件30。
螺钉66与楔形件30固定在一起以实现楔形件30轴向平移,使得楔形件30能够相对于部件16、18移动,以如将要描述的使椎间植入物10在第一构造和第二构造之间膨胀和收缩。螺钉66与仪器或工具(未示出)接合,以根据具体应用的要求在各种构造中方便椎间植入物10的各部件的致动及其设置。
楔形件30以中间定向的方式与部件16、18一起设置。楔形件30包括前侧78和后侧80。楔形件30包括接合活塞部件16的第一表面82和接合基底部件18的第二表面84,使得楔形件30能够移动以相对于部件16、18进行轴向平移。楔形件30包括沿纵向轴线a设置的第一导轨部和第二导轨部,第一导轨部例如为位于前侧78上的前导轨86,第二导轨部例如为位于后侧80上的后导轨88,第一导轨部和第二导轨部可移动地接合部件16、18,以使椎间植入物10在第一构造和第二构造之间膨胀和收缩。
在前侧78上的第一导轨部86包括第一斜部和第二斜部以及第三斜部,第一斜部例如为楔部90,第二斜部例如为楔部92,并且第三斜部例如为楔部94。楔部90沿导轨部86与楔部92轴向间隔开。楔部94沿导轨部86与楔部92轴向间隔开。在前侧78上的楔部90、92和94相对于纵向轴线a具有第一高度H1(图5)和第一倾斜角α1(图7)。可以设想的是,高度H1的范围可以在2毫米(mm)到10毫米之间。还可以设想的是,α1的范围可以在5度至60度之间。应考虑的是,导轨部86可以包括一个或多个斜部,或者可以不包括斜部。
在后侧80上的第二导轨部88包括第一斜部和第二斜部以及第三斜部,第一斜部例如为楔部96,第二斜部例如为楔部98,并且第三斜部例如为楔部100。楔部96沿导轨部88而与楔部98轴向间隔开。楔部98沿导轨部88而与楔部100轴向间隔开。在后侧80上的楔部96、98和100相对于纵向轴线a具有第二高度H2和第二倾斜角α2。可以设想的是,高度H2的范围可以在0毫米(mm)到7毫米之间。还可以设想的是,α2的范围可以在0度至60度之间。应考虑的是,角度α2可以取决于斜部构造。应考虑的是,导轨部88可以包括一个或多个斜部,或者可以不包括斜部。
在一个实施例中,高度H1大于高度H2。在一个实施例中,角度α1大于角度α2。当该装置正在膨胀时,该高度差使得脊柱前凸恢复。第一导轨部86和第二导轨部88的各楔部的角度范围优选地在大约10°到大约45°之间,最优选地在大约20°到大约35°之间。
第一导轨部86和第二导轨部88通过壁72连接。应考虑的是,在前侧78上的楔部90、92和94与在后侧80上的楔部96、98和100驱动部件16和部件18而使之分离,以方便椎间植入物10在第一构造和第二构造之间膨胀和收缩。还可以考虑的是,前侧78和后侧80的高度和/或角度调整椎间植入物10的膨胀量和膨胀率。可以设想的是,楔部90、92和94与楔部96、98和100整体形成,并由紧固元件或独立和不同的结构连接。
导轨部86、88每个都包括第一表面82的至少一部分,该部分接合活塞部件16内表面28的至少一部分,以使椎间植入物10在第一构造和第二构造之间膨胀和收缩。例如,表面82的包括沿导轨部86设置的楔部90、92和94的部分可滑动地接合沿延伸部32设置的部分40、42、44、46、48、50、52和53。表面84包括沿导轨部88设置的楔部96、98和100的部分可滑动地接合沿延伸部34设置的部分40、42、44、46、48、50、52和53。导轨部86、88每个都还包括表面84的至少一部分,该部分可滑动地接合对应于基底部件18的内表面56的至少一部分。
导轨部86、88延伸以绕端部14附近的壁62设置。导轨部86、88在椎间植入物10的各部件的轴向平移期间绕壁62移动。
在一个实施例中,如图3和图8所示,椎间植入物10构造成使与植入物10一起设置的移植骨的体积变化最小。开口24延伸通过部件16、18和30。开口24被构造成用以设置诸如移植骨的至少一种中间件。在第一收缩构造(图1至图4)中,开口24限定的长度L1(图3)和横截面面积,使得移植骨的体积v被置于开口24中。楔形件30的壁72设置在近端位置。当椎间植入物10膨胀到第二膨胀位置(图6至图9)时,植入物10的总体高度增加,并且壁72沿图8中箭头A的方向轴向平移,如本文所述。由于壁72轴向平移,开口24的横截面面积减少。壁72平移到远端位置,使得开口24限定长度L2(图8)。开口24的长度减少到长度L2以及植入物10总体高度的增加保持了移植骨的体积v相对恒定。应考虑的是,用于保持移植骨体积的该构造避免了移植骨在开口24中因植入物10高度增加而变得松弛。还可以考虑的是,紧密填充的植入物可以潜在地增加融合能力。
在操作中,如图1至图9所示,椎间植入物10被接合以在第一构造和第二构造之间设置,使得椎间植入物10在椎间盘空间中膨胀。椎间植入物10与仪器(未示出)接合,以方便根据具体外科应用的要求来致动椎间植入物10的部件。
在第一构造中,例如在收缩构造中(图1至图4),部件16、18以较低的轮廓定向方式与楔形件30一起设置,使得延伸部32、34的平坦部40设置在内表面56附近。楔部90、96被设置成平齐接合延伸部32、34的相应倾斜部42,楔部92、98被设置成接合延伸部32、34的相应倾斜部48,并且楔部94、100被设置成接合延伸部32、34的相应倾斜部53。
当根据具体外科应用的要求对椎间植入物10进行所需的定位后,操作螺钉66以轴向移动楔形件30。仪器接合螺钉66,以沿顺时针方向进行旋转。螺钉66沿箭头A所示的第一轴向进行轴向平移。当螺钉66轴向平移时,远端68接合壁72,以轴向驱动楔形件30。楔部90、96可滑动地接合相应的倾斜部42,楔部92、98可滑动地接合相应的倾斜部48,并且楔部94、100可滑动地接合相应的倾斜部53。由于楔形件30的轴向平移而导致的楔形件30表面和部件16、18的可滑动接合使得部件16相对于部件18如图7箭头B所示以转动方式枢转,使得部件16、18在第一收缩构造和第二膨胀构造(图6至图9)之间膨胀。至少部分地由于第一导轨部86的高度大于第二导轨部88,该构造方便了椎间植入物10的膨胀。应考虑的是,当椎间植入物10膨胀时较陡和/或较高的导轨部86方便了脊柱前凸。在一个实施例中,部件16、18可以膨胀到脊柱前凸角度L。可以设想的是,角度L的范围可以在大约5度至30度的范围内。
在一个实施例中,部件16、18可以膨胀以产生一定斜角的脊柱前凸。导轨部86和/或导轨部88可以包括第一斜部构造,该第一斜部构造具有从端部12到端部14、或者替换地从端部14到端部12高度增加的一个或多个斜部。与上述类似,在一个导轨部上的斜部高度大于另一导轨部上的高度。该植入物10的构造产生了从植入物10主体的选定角部到植入物10主体的相对角部之间的脊柱前凸。可以考虑的是,该脊柱前凸构造在部件16、18的表面上沿对角延伸。还可以考虑的是,该构造提供进入椎间盘空间的倾斜入路,例如在直接外侧入路与后侧入路之间,和/或在直接外侧入路与前侧入路之间。
在一个实施例中,椎间植入物10可以通过沿图8中箭头C所示的、与第一轴向相反的第二轴向操作楔形件30,以在从膨胀构造收缩到处于膨胀构造和收缩构造之间的替代构造。可以设想的是,楔形件30用以收缩椎间植入物10的反向轴向运动可用以重新定位椎间植入物10或从体腔内移除椎间植入物10。当将椎间植入物10设置于膨胀构造中时,为将椎间植入物10设置为替换构造,螺钉66沿逆时针方向转动,使得远端68接合壁72,以沿箭头C所示的第二相反方向牵拉和轴向平移楔形件30。
当楔形件30沿第二轴向进行轴向平移时,部件16枢转,以朝向收缩构造转动,使得楔部90、96移动以接合相应的倾斜部42,楔部92、98移动以接合相应的倾斜部48,并且楔部94、100移动以接合相应的倾斜部53。根据应用场合,部件16、18可以返回到如图1至图4所示的完全收缩的位置。
在一个实施例中,楔形件30包括在其前侧和后侧上设置的销120。销120与楔形件30一起设置,以用于在限定于活塞部件16内的槽中进行可滑动地移动。当楔形件30沿第二轴向进行轴向平移时,部件16枢转,以朝向收缩构造转动,使得楔部90、96移动以接合相应的倾斜部42,楔部92、98移动以接合相应的倾斜部48,并且楔部94、100移动以接合相应的倾斜部53。
在组装和使用中,该椎间植入物系统用于外科手术中,如对包括椎骨V(未示出)、椎间盘空间I(未示出)和其附近的身体区域的病人脊柱进行融合处理,如本文中所讨论的。该椎间植入物系统也可以用于诸如椎间盘切除术、椎板切开术、椎板切除术、神经根凝缩、椎间孔切开术、椎骨关节面切除术、解压和脊柱、髓核或椎间盘更换等其它外科手术中。
例如,椎间植入物系统可以用于外科关节融合术,例如,用于治疗脊柱及其体内相邻区域感染段的适用病情或伤情的椎间融合术,例如,用于椎体V的第一椎骨V1(未示出)和第二椎骨V2(未示出)之间的椎间盘空间I。应考虑的是,上述椎间植入物系统的椎间植入物10可以插入椎间盘空间I,以将关节接合表面间隔开,为椎体V提供支持并使椎体V的稳定最大化。还应考虑的是,椎间植入物10提供椎体之间的高度恢复、解压、矢状面平衡恢复和/或阻止沉入椎体终板的功能。
在使用中,为了治疗椎体V中受影响的部段,医师通过诸如切开和缩紧组织等任何合适的方式通达包括椎体V的外科手术部位。可以设想的是,椎间植入物系统可以以包括开放性手术、最低开放手术、微创手术和经皮手术植入等任何现有外科手术方法或技术进行使用,由此通过为该区域提供保护通道的最小切口或套筒而进入椎体V。一旦通达该手术部位,便执行用以治疗脊柱病症的具体外科手术。然后,如以上关于图1至图9所述的,椎间植入物10用以加强该外科手术治疗。椎间植入物10可以作为预组装装置被递送或植入,或者可以在手术部位进行组装。椎间植入物10可以完全或部分地在手术部位处被调整、移除或更换。应考虑的是,椎间植入物系统的一个或所有部件可以通过手动操作和/或徒手技术被递送到手术部位。还可以考虑的是,椎间植入物10可以从后部插入,然后从前部和/或侧部和/或内部操作。
在病人体内制作一个切口,然后切割仪器(未示出)制造用于将椎间植入物10植入到病人体内的手术通道。使用导引仪器(未示出)以在开始时分开椎骨V2和椎骨V1。使用套筒或套管(未示出)以进入椎间盘空间I并方便对该椎间植入物系统的部件的递送和通达。制备仪器(未示出)可以插入到套筒或套管内并设置在椎间盘空间I中。该制备仪器可以用以去除包括椎间盘髓核和流体、邻近组织和/或骨、皮层的一些或全部椎间盘组织,从相对的椎骨V1、V2的终板表面刮去和/或去除组织,并且用于根据具体外科应用的要求对该区域进行抽吸和冲洗。
椎间植入物10被设置成上述第一收缩构造,并且沿直接外侧入路被递送通过手术通道而进入椎间盘空间I,其中递送仪器(未示出)包括驱动器。根据具体手术应用的要求,该驱动器将椎间植入物10递送到椎骨V1和椎骨V2之间的经制备的椎间盘空间I中。
如图10所示,当对椎间植入物10进行所需的定位后,驱动器或其它仪器接合椎间植入物10,以方便致动椎间植入物10的部件。该驱动器接合螺钉66,以沿顺时针方向转动,使得螺钉66轴向平移以沿箭头A(图8)所示方向轴向驱动楔形件30。如图6至图9所示和描述的,楔部90、96可滑动地接合相应的倾斜部42,楔部92、98可滑动地接合相应的倾斜部48,并且楔部94、100可滑动地接合相应的倾斜部53。由于楔形件30的轴向平移,楔形件30的表面和部件16、18的此类可滑动接合使部件16相对于部件18以转动方式枢转,使得部件16、18在第一收缩构造和第二膨胀构造之间膨胀,如图11所示。该构造方便了椎间植入物10的膨胀,使得前端13具有相对于后端15更高的膨胀率和膨胀量。可以考虑的是,在膨胀构造中,椎间植入物10提供了椎骨V1和椎骨V2之间的高度恢复、解压、矢状面平衡恢复和阻止沉入椎骨V1和椎骨V2的终板中之类的功能。
可以设想的是,可以包括一个或多个椎间植入物10的椎间植入物系统的各部件可以通过替换入路递送到手术部位。在一个实施例中,椎间植入物10被递送通过沿经椎间孔腰椎体间融合入路的手术通道而进入椎间盘空间I中,并被设置为膨胀构造。在一个实施例中,多个椎间植入物10被递送通过沿后路腰椎间融合入路的外科通道而进入椎间盘空间I中,并被设置为并排定向的膨胀构造。
在一个实施例中,当可能需要重新定位或从椎间盘空间I中移除椎间植入物10时,椎间植入物10可以如上所述从膨胀构造收缩到在膨胀构造和收缩构造之间的替代构造,以收缩椎间植入物10。在一个实施例中,椎间植入物系统包括多个椎间植入物10,其能够以各种方式定尺寸和构造,和/或以并排接合的方式定向、间隔和/或交错。
在一个实施例中,椎间植入物系统包括中间件,该中间件可以包括骨质增长促进材料,该骨质增长促进材料可以设置、填充或层置在椎间植入物系统的各部件和/或各表面内部、上面或周围。诸如移植骨之类的骨质增长促进材料可以是颗粒材料,该颗粒材料包括诸如羟磷灰石的骨引导材料和/或诸如成骨蛋白(BMP)的骨诱导中间件,以加强椎间植入物10和附近椎体V之间的骨固定。
可以考虑的是,中间件和/或移植骨可以包括治疗性多聚核苷酸或多肽。可以进一步考虑的是,中间件和/或移植骨可以包括诸如生物兼容性金属等生物兼容性材料,和/或诸如钛元件、钛的金属粉或钛化合物等刚性聚合物,诸如同种异体植入物或异种植入物材料等无菌骨材料,诸如珊瑚和钙的合成物、羟磷灰石、磷酸钙和硫酸钙等合成骨质材料,例如缓释合成物等生物活性中间件,其中该生物活性中间件混合在生物再吸收聚合物中,当该聚合物在病人体内退化时,该聚合物以合适的时间依赖方式释放该生物活性中间件。适合的生物活性中间件包括例如成骨蛋白、生长和分化因子蛋白以及细胞因子。椎间植入物10可以由诸如聚合物等可透放射性材料制成。可以包括无线指示件以在x光、荧光透视、计算机断层扫描或其它成像技术条件下辨识。可以设想的是,该中间件可以包括用以包括缓释等释放方式的一种或多种治疗性中间件和/或药理性中间件,以例如治疗疼痛、发炎和退化。
将会理解的是,可以对本文公开的实施例做各种修改。因而,以上所述内容不应解释为限制,而应解释为只是各实施方式的示例。本领域的普通技术人员会在所附权利要求的范围和精神内设想其它修改。
Claims (18)
1.一种椎间植入物,包括:
第一部件,所述第一部件包括外部组织接合表面和内表面;
第二部件,所述第二部件连接到所述第一部件并且能够从所述第一部件相对移动,所述第二部件包括外部组织接合表面和内表面,所述第二部件包括致动件;和
第三部件,所述第三部件被设置用于接合操作,并能够相对于所述第一部件和所述第二部件移动,所述第三部件包括第一斜部和与所述第一斜部轴向间隔开的第二斜部,所述第三部件包括第一导轨和第二导轨,所述第一导轨包括所述第一斜部和所述第二斜部各自的至少一部分,所述第二导轨包括所述第一斜部和所述第二斜部各自的至少一部分,设置有所述第一导轨的所述斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第一高度,而设置有所述第二导轨的所述斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第二高度,所述第一高度大于所述第二高度,
其中,所述致动件与所述第三部件接合,以实现所述第三部件的轴向平移,使得所述斜部接合所述第一部件和所述第二部件中的一个的内表面,以使各部件在第一收缩构造和第二膨胀构造之间移动。
2.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一导轨相对于所述第二导轨设置成,使得所述第一高度和所述第二高度将脊柱前凸的角度限定在大约5度至30度的范围内。
3.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述楔形件包括与所述第二斜部轴向间隔开的第三斜部,所述第一导轨和所述第二导轨每个都包括所述第三斜部的至少一部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一导轨相对于所述第二导轨间隔开且以相对于所述第二导轨基本平行的定向设置。
5.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一导轨通过敞开腔室而与所述第二导轨间隔开并分离。
6.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,通过设置在所述第一导轨与所述第二导轨之间的壁,所述第一导轨与所述第二导轨间隔开并相连,所述壁被构造成用于与所述致动件的连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第二部件包括壁,所述壁限定构造成用于接合所述致动件的螺钉的螺纹开口。
8.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述斜部中的至少一个将倾斜角的范围限定在5度至60度之间。
9.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述斜部中的每个将倾斜角的范围限定在5度至60度之间。
10.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一部件、所述第二部件和所述第三部件限定移植骨腔,所述移植骨腔在轴向平移过程中维持基本恒定的体积。
11.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一部件、所述第二部件和所述第三部件限定移植骨腔,所述移植骨腔限定轴向长度,当所述第一部件和所述第二部件从第一构造移动到第二构造时,所述轴向长度减少。
12.如权利要求1所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述第一部件、所述第二部件和所述第三部件限定移植骨腔,所述致动件限定纵向轴线,使得在轴向平移期间,所述致动件沿所述纵向轴线压紧设置在所述移植骨腔内的移植骨。
13.一种椎间植入物,包括:
活塞部件,所述活塞部件包括终板表面和相对于所述终板表面以相反的定向设置的内表面,所述活塞部件在前端和后端之间延伸;
基底部件,所述基底部件包括终板表面和相对于所述基底部件的所述终板表面以相反的定向设置的内表面,所述基底部件在前端和后端之间延伸,所述基底部件包括致动件;
楔形件,所述楔形件被设置以用于接合操作,并且能够相对于所述活塞部件和所述基底部件进行移动,所述楔形件至少包括第一斜部和与所述第一斜部轴向间隔开的第二斜部,所述楔形件还包括前部导轨和后部导轨,所述前部导轨包括所述第一斜部和所述第二斜部各自的至少一部分,所述后部导轨包括所述第一斜部和所述第二斜部各自的至少一部分,设置有所述前部导轨的所述斜部的部分中的至少一个具有第一高度,而设置有所述后部导轨的所述斜部的部分中的至少一部分具有第二高度,所述第一高度大于所述第二高度,
其中,所述致动件能够与所述楔形件接合,以实现所述楔形件的轴向平移,使得各所述斜部接合所述活塞部件的所述内表面,以使各部件在第一收缩构造和第二膨胀构造之间移动。
14.如权利要求13所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述前部导轨相对于所述后部导轨设置成,使得所述第一高度和所述第二高度将脊柱前凸的角度限定在大约5度至30度的范围内。
15.如权利要求13所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述前部导轨通过敞开腔室而与所述后部导轨间隔开并分离。
16.如权利要求13所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述斜部中的每个将倾斜角的范围限定在5度至60度之间。
17.如权利要求13所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述活塞部件和所述基底部件限定移植骨腔,所述移植骨腔在轴向平移过程中维持基本恒定的体积。
18.如权利要求13所述的椎间植入物,其特征在于,所述活塞部件、所述楔形件和所述基底部件限定移植骨腔,所述致动件限定纵向轴线,使得在轴向平移期间,所述致动件沿所述纵向轴线压紧设置在所述移植骨腔内的移植骨。
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US9414936B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
AU2012355893A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
EP2904991A2 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
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AU2012355893B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
WO2013095788A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
US20130158663A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
CN104023674B (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
EP2904991B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 |
JP2015500706A (ja) | 2015-01-08 |
EP2793762B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
US8628578B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
US20160324661A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
US20140088714A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
JP6140726B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2904991A3 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
US9872779B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
EP2793762A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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