CN104016968A - 用于Cu(Ⅰ)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

用于Cu(Ⅰ)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN104016968A
CN104016968A CN201410279118.2A CN201410279118A CN104016968A CN 104016968 A CN104016968 A CN 104016968A CN 201410279118 A CN201410279118 A CN 201410279118A CN 104016968 A CN104016968 A CN 104016968A
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陈云峰
刘文倩
马姗
潘志权
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Wuhan Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物及其应用,其结构通式I如下:其中R为烷基或芳基,R’为H原子,烷基或芳基,X为CH或者N原子,包括有以下步骤:取含氮杂环取代的端炔与叠氮化物、CuSO4、抗坏血酸钠混合,以无水甲醇作为溶剂,在空气中室温下搅拌,反应30min~1h后直接有固体生成,该固体即为所述的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物。本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:该配体和其它配体相比较,合成简单,性质稳定。在一价铜离子催化端炔与叠氮化合物的环加成反应中,催化剂用量小,反应条件温和,产物收率高,底物适应性强。

Description

用于Cu(Ⅰ)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物及其应用。 
背景技术
最早的有机叠氮化合物和端炔的1,3-偶极Huisgen环加成反应,合成的是1,4-二取代和1,5-二取代三唑的混合物。该反应需要在叠氮化合物或者炔基上连有强吸电子基团作为活化基团,且需要高温高压和较长的反应时间。因此,在合成1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑化合物的应用上受到很大限制。2002年,Sharpless和Meldal在此基础上发现了Cu(I)催化的有机叠氮化合物和端炔烃之间的1,3-偶极Huisgen环加成反应,此方法不仅得到专一的1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑产物,而且反应条件温和,适用范围广,使得1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑的合成和应用得到快速的发展,以click化学的原理、Cu(I)催化1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑合成反应机理为基础,进一步研究和发现更加高效,清洁,底物普适性强,选择性高的催化体系受到广泛关注并成为研究的热点。目前催化合成1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑的Cu(I)催化体系主要分为三种: 
(1)Cu(I)盐的固体催化体系:将Cu(I)加到树脂固载的端炔烃中,在碱如DIPEA 
(N,N-diisopropylethylamine)的存在下进行反应生成所需的1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三唑;该方法适用于多种反应条件和树脂类型,但由于过量炔烃的自身偶联使得反应产率较低. 
(2)Cu(I)盐的液相催化体系:将CuI,CuBr,CuCl,CuCN,CuOAc等一价铜盐加入到一定的溶剂体系中用来催化反应从而得到相应的1,4-二取代1,2,3-三唑;该方法能取得很好的产率,但Cu(I)盐容易歧化或被氧化,且Cu(I)盐催化的反应体系需利用特定的溶剂甚至需要加入碱,使得其应用有一定的局限性。 
(3)配体辅助Cu(I)形成配合物的催化体系:将Cu(I)与不同的配体形成配合物,在相应的溶剂体系中催化反应生成相应的1,4-二取代1,2,3-三唑;该方法由于配体能和Cu(I)形成较稳定的复合物,起到稳定Cu(I)和加强Cu(I)催化活性的作用,从而大大提高了反应的效率,但目前用于Cu(I)催化的配体的研究主要基于多胺,多1,2,3-三唑取代的胺等结构复杂的配体,此种配体不易合成,所以应用方面受到一定的限制。 
因此设计合成一类结构简单、新颖的1,2,3-三唑配体能够辅助Cu(I)高效催化叠氮化合物与端炔两组分或叠氮化钠、卤代化合物与端炔三组分的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应具有重要的研究意义。 
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术而提供一类易于合成、结构简单且具有 延展性的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物及其制备方法,其均能辅助Cu(I)高效催化叠氮化合物与端炔两组分或叠氮化钠、卤代化合物与端炔三组分的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应合成1,2,3-三唑。 
本发明解决上述提出的问题所采用解决方案为:用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物,其结构通式如下: 
其中R为烷基或芳基,R’为H原子,烷基或芳基,X为CH或者N原子。 
按上述方案,所述的烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、叔丁基或苄基。 
按上述方案,所述的芳基为苯基、取代苯基或杂芳基。 
按上述方案,所述的杂芳基为吡啶、嘧啶、喹啉或异喹啉。 
用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物的制备方法,包括有以下步骤:取含氮杂环取代的端炔与叠氮化物、CuSO4、抗坏血酸钠混合,以无水甲醇作为溶剂,在空气中室温下搅拌,反应30min~1h后直接有固体生成,该固体即为所述的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物。 
所述的Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物作为促进叠氮化合物与端炔两组分或叠氮化钠、卤代化合物与端炔三组分的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应的催化剂的应用。 
按上述方案,所述的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应所用溶剂为醇类、水、腈类和DMF中的任意一种或它们的混合。 
按上述方案,所述的叠氮化合物包括烷基叠氮化合物、芳基叠氮化合物、TMSN3或TsN3,所述的端炔为芳基取代端炔或烷基端炔以及硅基取代的端炔,所述的卤代化合物为卤代烷基化合物或卤代(杂)芳基化合物以及卤代硅基化合物。 
本发明针对的叠氮化合物与端炔两组份的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应,其反应通式如下: 
R1为烷基,取代烷基,芳基,取代芳基,酯基,醛基,羰基等,R2为烷基,取代烷基,芳基,取代芳基,取代硅基,磺酸基等。 
本发明针对叠氮化钠、卤代化合物与端炔三组分的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应,其反应通 式如下: 
R1为烷基,取代烷基,芳基,取代芳基,酯基,醛基,羰基等,R2为烷基,取代烷基,芳基,取代芳基,取代硅基,磺酸基等。 
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:该配体和其它配体相比较,合成简单,性质稳定。在一价铜离子催化端炔与叠氮化合物的环加成反应中,催化剂用量小,反应条件温和,产物收率高,底物适应性强。 
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但不能作为对本发明的限定。 
实施例1 
配体1的合成 
于250mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入吡啶乙炔(14.5g,100mmol),叠氮化苄(15.7g,110mmol),CuSO4·5H2O(1.25g,5mmol),抗坏血酸钠(1.98g,10mmol),以无水甲醇(180mL)为反应溶剂,室温搅拌30min~1h反应完全。反应结束后,用旋转蒸发仪除去无水乙醇,浓缩得到粗产品经薄层硅胶柱层析分离提纯,得到白色的固体,12.3g,收率为52%。该化合物的结构表征如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.64(s,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.91(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.35-7.22(m,6H),5.65(s,2H). 
实施例2 
配体2的合成 
于250mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入吡啶乙炔(14.5g,100mmol),2-叠氮吡啶(17.4g,110mmol),CuSO4·5H2O(1.25g,5mmol),抗坏血酸钠(1.98g,10mmol),以无水甲醇(180mL)为反应溶剂,室温搅拌30min~1h反应完全。反应结束后,用旋转蒸发仪除去无水乙醇,浓缩得到粗产品经薄层硅胶柱层析分离提纯,得到白色的固体,13.5g,收率为61%。该化合物的 结构表征如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.18(s,1H),8.66(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.55(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.26-8.23(m,2H),7.94(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.82(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.40-7.35(m,1H),7.29(d,J=8.8Hz,1H). 
应用实施例1 
用实施例1制得的配体1辅助CuI催化端炔与有机叠氮化合物的反应。 
于100mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入甲基丁炔醇(1.68g,20mmol),叠氮化苄(2.94g,22mmol),配体1(4.45mg,0.02mmol),CuI(7.62mg,0.04mmol),以无水甲醇(40mL)为反应溶剂,常温搅拌约30分钟,过滤浓缩反应液,重结晶即可得到4.30g白色固体,即为产物1,2,3-三唑,收率为99%。对该1,2,3-三唑的表征如下:White solid,mp:78-79℃,1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.29-7.44(m,4H),7.25-7.29(m,2H),5.48(s,2H),3.00(br,1H),1.60(s,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ156.0,134.5,129.0,128.6,128.0,119.1,68.3,54.0,30.3,29.6;HRMS(ESI):calcd.(M+H+)218.1288,found218.1287. 
应用实施例2 
用实施例2制得的配体2辅助CuI催化端炔与有机叠氮化合物的反应。 
于50mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入苯乙炔(1.02g,10mmol),叠氮化苄(1.47g,11mmol),配体2(8.93mg,0.04mmol),CuI(3.81mg,0.02mmol),以无水甲醇(25mL)为反应溶剂,常温搅拌约30分钟,过滤浓缩反应液,重结晶即可得到2.34g白色固体,即为产物1,2,3-三唑,收率为99%。对1,2,3-三唑的表征如下:m.p:125-127℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.66(s,1H),7.23-7.45(m,8H),5.57(s,2H);13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ148.1,134.6,130.4,129.0,128.7,128.1,128.0,125.6,123.9,119.5,54.1;HRMS(ESI):calcd.(M+H+)236.1182,found236.1181. 
应用实施例3 
用实施例1制得的配体1辅助CuI催化端炔,卤代化合物与叠氮化钠的反应 
于50mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入苯乙炔(1.02g,10mmol),叠氮化钠(1.47g,11mmol),苄溴(1.80,11mmol),配体1(8.93mg,0.04mmol),CuI(3.81mg,0.02mmol),以水(25mL)为反应溶剂,常温搅拌约30分钟,过滤浓缩反应液,重结晶即可得到2.34g白色固体,即为产物1,2,3-三唑,收率为99%。对1,2,3-三唑的表征如下:m.p:125-127℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.66(s,1H),7.23-7.45(m,8H),5.57(s,2H);13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ148.1,134.6,130.4,129.0,128.7,128.1,128.0,125.6,123.9,119.5,54.1;HRMS(ESI):calcd.(M+H+)236.1182,found236.1181. 
应用实施例4 
用实施例2制得的配体2辅助CuI催化端炔,卤代化合物与叠氮化钠的反应 
于50mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入苯乙炔(1.02g,10mmol),叠氮化钠(1.47g,11mmol),苄溴(1.80,11mmol),配体2(8.93mg,0.04mmol),CuI(3.81mg,0.02mmoL),以水(25mL)为反应溶剂,常温搅拌约30分钟,过滤浓缩反应液,重结晶即可得到2.34g白色固体,即为产物1,2,3-三唑,收率为99%。对1,2,3-三唑的表征如下:m.p:125-127℃,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.66(s,1H),7.23-7.45(m,8H),5.57(s,2H);13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ148.1,134.6,130.4,129.0,128.7,128.1,128.0,125.6,123.9,119.5,54.1;HRMS(ESI):calcd.(M+H+)236.1182,found236.1181。

Claims (9)

1.用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物,其结构通式如下:
其中R为烷基或芳基,R’为H原子,烷基或芳基,X为CH或者N原子。
2.按权利要求1所述的用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物,其特征在于所述的烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、叔丁基或苄基。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物,其特征在于所述的芳基为苯基、取代苯基或杂芳基。
4.按权利要求3所述的用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物,其特征在于所述的杂芳基为吡啶、嘧啶、喹啉或异喹啉。
5.权利要求1所述的用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物的制备方法,包括有以下步骤:取含氮杂环取代的端炔与叠氮化物、CuSO4、抗坏血酸钠混合,以无水甲醇作为溶剂,在空气中室温下搅拌,反应30min~1h后直接有固体生成,该固体即为所述的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物。
6.权利要求1所述的用于Cu(I)的配体的N1取代的1,2,3-三唑衍生物作为促进叠氮化合物与端炔两组分或叠氮化钠、卤代化合物与端炔三组分的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应的催化剂的应用。
7.按权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于所述的Huisgen[3+2]环加成反应所用溶剂为醇类、水、腈类和DMF中的任意一种或它们的混合。
8.按权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于所述的叠氮化合物包括烷基叠氮化合物、芳基叠氮化合物、TMSN3或TsN3,所述的端炔为芳基取代端炔、烷基端炔或硅基取代端炔。
9.按权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于所述的卤代化合物为卤代烷基化合物、卤代芳基化合物、卤代杂芳基化合物或卤代硅基化合物。
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CN109020891B (zh) * 2018-09-05 2022-07-19 西北师范大学 一种类沸石咪唑酯骨架材料Cu-ZIF的合成及作为催化剂的应用
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CN113797965A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-17 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种钛硅分子筛晶体负载铜纳米颗粒催化剂的制备方法
CN113527267A (zh) * 2021-06-21 2021-10-22 山东盛安贝新能源有限公司 一类c2对称双联含氮杂环氟碳表面活性剂及其水相胶束的制备
CN113527264A (zh) * 2021-06-21 2021-10-22 山东盛安贝新能源有限公司 采用光反应-点击反应方法合成一类含氮杂环氟碳表面活性剂及其水相胶束的制备
CN113527267B (zh) * 2021-06-21 2022-09-02 山东盛安贝新能源有限公司 一类c2对称双联含氮杂环氟碳表面活性剂及其水相胶束的制备
CN113912555A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-01-11 武汉工程大学 一种4-酰基-1,2,3-三唑化合物的合成方法

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