Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electronic equipment housing, casing rigidity can be made to reach requirement, and there is good surface
Forming Quality.
A kind of electronic equipment housing, including fore shell, middle shell and back cover, described middle shell includes:
Internally positioned metal parts;
The plastic part being connected positioned at middle part and with described metal parts;
Shell that is externally-located and being connected with described plastic part.
Preferably, described metal parts first side be provided with back cover claw cooperation groove, on described metal parts with
The side that plastic part is connected is metal parts second side, and the opposite side of described metal parts is metal parts first side.
Preferably, described metal parts includes:
L shape claw, described l shape claw is used for and described back cover claw clamping.
Preferably, described metal parts includes:
It is arranged on the screw of described metal parts first side, described screw is consistent with the hole size of fore shell buckle, screw
Described through hole can be run through and screw fixes fore shell.
Preferably, described fore shell buckle is z shape metal buckle, and the bending part of described z shape metal buckle and fore shell is aobvious
Display screen coordinates.
Preferably, the mode that described metal parts is connected with described plastic part includes:
By way of glue is pasted, described metal parts is connected with described plastic part;Or
By way of ultrasonic bonding, described metal parts is connected with described plastic part;Or
When forming plastic part using Shooting Technique outside metal parts, by described metal parts and described plastic part
It is connected.
Preferably, the mode that described plastic part is connected with described shell includes:
By way of glue is pasted, described plastic part is connected with described shell;Or
By way of ultrasonic bonding, described plastic part is connected with described shell;Or
While forming plastic part using Shooting Technique metal parts be connected with shell, plastic part and described shell
It is connected.
Preferably, described metal parts includes at least one of which metalwork;Described plastic part includes at least one of which plastic parts.
Preferably, also include:
The flat board being connected with described metal parts.
Preferably, described metal parts includes:
The side wall being formed after described flat board bending.
Preferably, when forming plastic part using Shooting Technique outside metal parts, described metal parts includes:
What at least one was arranged on metal parts first side grabs glue groove;With described to grab glue recessed on metal parts second side
Through hole on groove correspondence position, and described through hole grabs glue groove less than described;
The side being connected with plastic part on described metal parts be metal parts second side, described metal parts another
Side is metal parts first side.
Preferably, when described metal parts is double layer of metal part, and formed outside metal parts using Shooting Technique and mould
During glue component, described metal parts includes:
First metalwork and the second metalwork being connected with described first metalwork;
It is provided with least one on described first metalwork and grabs glue groove, described second metalwork grabs glue groove with described
Correspondence position is provided with less than the described through hole grabbing glue groove.
Preferably, described first metalwork is provided with the groove with the cooperation of back cover claw.
Preferably, described second metalwork includes l shape claw, and described l shape claw is used for and described back cover claw clamping.
Preferably, described plastic part wraps up the bending part of l shape claw in described second metalwork.
Preferably, described first metalwork includes:
It is arranged on the screw on described first metalwork, described screw is consistent with the hole size of fore shell buckle, and screw can
Run through described through hole and screw fixes fore shell.
Preferably, described fore shell buckle is z shape metal buckle, and the bending part of described z shape metal buckle and fore shell is aobvious
Display screen coordinates.
Preferably, also include:
The flat board being connected by welding manner with described first metalwork and described second metalwork;
Described first metalwork is connected with welding manner with described second metalwork;
Described first metalwork and described second metalwork are metal plate thin metal.
Preferably, the side wall that described first metalwork is formed after including flat board bending.
Preferably, described through hole includes: circular, rectangle or triangle;Described enclosure material includes: metal, glass or skin
Leather.
Preferably, when described metal parts is double layer of metal part, and formed outside metal parts using Shooting Technique and mould
During glue component, described metal parts includes:
3rd metalwork and the 4th metalwork being connected with described 3rd metalwork;
What at least one was arranged on the 4th metalwork the first side grabs glue groove;On the 4th metal parts the second side with described
Grab the through hole on glue groove correspondence position, and described through hole grabs glue groove less than described;
The side being connected with plastic part on described 4th metal parts is the 4th metal parts the second side, described 4th gold medal
The opposite side belonging to part is the 4th metal parts the first side.
The invention provides a kind of electronic equipment housing, the middle shell of housing is three part-structures, is followed successively by gold from inside to outside
Belong to part, plastic part and shell, internal metal parts mainly plays a supportive role, with respect to its supporting role of plastic material
For middle shell, there is higher intensity, and shell can have preferable surface forming quality, has preferable texture, in addition
The plastic part at middle part and outside shell can play the effect strengthening intensity, and in addition shell is according to needed for industrial design
Effect can select different processing modes and technique to reach different industrial design effects.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation description is it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work
Embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of electronic equipment housing, including fore shell, middle shell and back cover, it is illustrated in figure 1 the knot of middle shell
Structure schematic diagram, described middle shell includes:
Internally positioned metal parts 100;
The plastic part 200 being connected positioned at middle part and with described metal parts 100;
Shell 300 that is externally-located and being connected with described plastic part 200.
The middle shell of traditional electronic equipment is plastic material, and during its supporting role of plastic material, its intensity difficult to reach will
Ask, be easily broken when landing is to ground, and show that outer surface can only be plastics to user, and the Forming Quality of frosting is not
Good.
Therefore middle shell is divided into three part-structures by the present invention, and it is internal to be metal parts 100, and metal parts 100 is in middle shell
In predominantly supporting role, because the speciality of metal itself is more hard, there is the characteristic higher than plastic strength, therefore change material
After matter, the intensity of middle shell is higher than shell in tradition.Plastic part 200 positioned at middle part acts primarily as interconnection function, connects metal parts
100 and plastic part 300.
In tradition, shell is integral structure, because middle shell is plastic material in itself, leads to its outer surface can be only plastics
Material, in the present invention, metal parts 100 is detached with shell 300, therefore the material of metal parts 100, can't affect outer
The material of shell 300, enclosure material can include the various material such as metal, glass or leather.By different user liked outer
Shell material matter is different, and the present invention according to user's request, can adopt the shell of unlike material during work in-process shell, to meet multiple visitors
The demand at family is so that better user experience.
Understand through the above: the housing that the present invention provides can make casing rigidity reach requirement, and has good
Surface forming quality.Wherein, effect according to needed for industrial design for the external shell can select different processing modes and work
Skill reaches different industrial design effects.
The casting of electronic device that the present invention provides includes fore shell, middle shell and back cover, and above content is the structure of shell in introduction
Composition, is described below middle shell is how to be connected with fore shell 400 and back cover 500, to form a complete housing.
As shown in Fig. 2 described metal parts 100 includes:
It is arranged on the screw 105 of described metal parts 100 first side, the through hole of described screw 105 and fore shell buckle 404
401 is in the same size, and screw 402 can run through described through hole 401 and screw 105 fixes fore shell 400.
Multiple fore shell buckles 404 are included on fore shell 400, middle shell has screw on position corresponding with fore shell buckle 404
105, screw 401 is locked together in screw 105 after running through fore shell buckle, thus fixing fore shell 400 and middle shell are it is to be appreciated that spiral shell
The depth in hole 105 is more than the length of screw 402, when screw 401 causes screw 402 somewhat long due to due to precision, also
Can be completely in screw 105, will not the raised phenomenon of shape screw.Screw 105 can be obtained in the way of using tapping.
Additionally, refer to fore shell buckle 404 described in Fig. 2 be z shape metal buckle, the bending part of described z shape metal buckle with
The display screen cooperation of fore shell.Fore shell buckle 404 is the foil of z shape bending, and z shape bending part is to avoid display screen, with
Just display screen has enough spaces to be placed in fore shell.
The mode that the middle shell told about in above-described embodiment is connected with fore shell 400, is described below what middle shell was connected with back cover 500
Mode, as shown in Figure 3, comprising: described metal parts first side is provided with the groove 107 with back cover claw 501 cooperation.Described gold
Belong to part to include: l shape claw 108, described l shape claw 108 is used for and the clamping of described back cover claw 501.
Back cover 500, in order to be fixed with middle shell phase, is connected on middle shell in the form of back cover claw 501, in order that clamping
Mode more stable, also include l shape claw 108 in metal parts 100, mutually blocked by l shape claw 108 and back cover claw
Connect, so that back cover 500 is fixing.In the specific implementation, inventor finds, back cover claw 501 is joined with metal parts 100
During conjunction, the insufficient space of metal parts 100 inner side, therefore groove 107 is set in metal parts first side, is back cover claw 501
Avoid, so that back cover claw 501 is completely coordinated with metal parts 100.
L shape claw 108 can be formed by metal folding technique bending metal parts 100, it would however also be possible to employ other modes
Formed, for example, in addition process the l shape claw of a bending, and this l shape claw is connected with metal parts 100, work as metal parts
100 be l shape when, plastic part 200 can be wrapped in the bending part of l shape metal parts.Do so has two benefits, and one utilizing profit
When being processed with Shooting Technique, higher precision can be reached, therefore, it is possible to the precision in gap between shell in improving and back cover 500,
Ensure that back cover 500 can be engaged with middle shell using this gap, two can play the effect strengthening fixing metal parts 100.
Above-described embodiment describes middle shell, and the cooperation of middle shell and fore shell and back cover in detail, and the housing of electronic equipment leads to
Often need to combine with other parts of electronic equipment internal, as shown in figure 4, including the flat board being connected with metal parts 100
600, flat board 600 herein can be contact panel can also be circuit board, flat board 600 can in a welding manner with metal
Part 100 is connected.
Preferably, as shown in figure 5, present invention also offers a kind of electronic equipment housing, wherein, metal parts 100 is institute
The side wall being formed after stating flat board 600 bending.Will flat board 600 side adopt metal folding technique bending after form side wall, will
Side wall is as the first metalwork 100.The method can save the process of the first metalwork 100 and flat board 600 welding.
Middle shell includes three parts, and metal parts 100, plastic part 200 and shell, wherein metal parts 100 at least wrap
Include layer of metal part, described plastic part 200 includes at least one of which plastic parts, that is, adopt layer of metal part, double layer of metal
Part ... multiple layer metal part, one layer of plastic parts, two-layer plastic parts ... multi-layer plastic part, certainly, the quantity of metalwork and plastic cement
The quantity of part is not infinite, only represents that its quantity can have here multiple, does not limit inside metal parts and plastic part
Metalwork and plastic parts quantity.
Metal parts 100 in the present invention, plastic part 200 have multiple types of attachment, specific inclusion:
The first: by way of glue is pasted, described metal parts is connected with described plastic part;
Second: by way of ultrasonic bonding, described metal parts is connected with described plastic part;
The third: when forming plastic part using Shooting Technique outside metal parts, by described metal parts with described
Plastic part is connected.
Different technique of realizing has the advantage that, generally, the side of metal parts 100 is smooth non-notch
, do not have any defective work when the mode adopting the mode fastening with glue or ultrasonic bonding is connected, but when gold
When genus part 100 is connected using Shooting Technique with plastic part 200, if if the side of metal parts 100 is smooth, plastic part
When affixing on metal parts 100 after part 200 injection mo(u)lding, easily do not come off by force because grabbing glue dynamics, therefore the present invention also carries
A kind of inclusion has been supplied to grab the metal parts 100 of plastic structure.
In order to realize stronger grab glue dynamics, this is grabbed plastic structure and will be capable of following bar part: in metal parts second
Side opening is little, and big in metal parts first side opening, that is, that grabs plastic structure is shaped as pyramidal structure, so that by Shooting Technique
When forming plastic part, plastic cement can pour into and grab in plastic structure, so that obtaining plastic part after the completion of injection, firmly catch
Metal parts 100, difficult for drop-off.Wherein, side metal parts 100 being connected with plastic part 200 is metal parts second
Side, the opposite side of described metal parts 100 is metal parts first side.
In order to realize grabbing plastic structure, as shown in fig. 6, metal parts 100 includes:
What at least one was arranged on metal parts 100 first side grabs glue groove 101;On metal parts second side with described
Grab the through hole 102 of setting on glue groove 101 correspondence position, and described through hole 102 grabs glue groove 101 less than described;
Grab glue groove 101 and through hole 102 forms one and grabs plastic structure for one, in order to realize stronger grab glue dynamics,
Can arrange on metal parts 100 multiple grab glue groove 101 and multiple through hole 102, thus form multiple grab plastic structure, multiple grab
Plastic structure can be evenly distributed in the whole body of middle shell, to reach plastic part 200 purpose difficult for drop-off with metal parts 100,
And then shell 300 steadily is combined together with metal parts 100.
Because traditional processing technique does not enable pyramidal structure during time processing, therefore the present invention is by grabbing glue
The mode that groove 101 and through hole 102 combine realizing grabbing plastic structure, specifically, as shown in fig. 6, in metal parts first side
Glue groove 101 is grabbed in setting, and metal parts second side arranges through hole 102, and glue groove 101 is grabbed in through hole 102 insertion, and through hole 102
Less than grabbing glue groove 101, what both combinations just achieved similar taper grabs plastic structure, just solves plastic cement using grabbing plastic structure
Caducous problem is held between part 200 and metal parts 100.
The above-mentioned realization grabbing plastic structure regards metal parts as overall metal structure, due to metal parts 100 include to
Few layer of metal part, therefore can also realize grabbing plastic structure using other modes, for example: metal parts 100 is two to be separated
Metalwork composition, plastic structure can be grabbed using two kinds for two metalworks:
The first: as shown in fig. 7, metal parts 100 include the first metalwork 103 and with described first metalwork 103 phase
The second metalwork 104 even;It is provided with least one on described first metalwork 103 and grab glue groove 101, described second metalwork
It is provided with less than the described through hole 102 grabbing glue groove 101 with described glue groove 101 correspondence position of grabbing on 104.
Second: as shown in figure 8, metal parts 100 includes: the 3rd metalwork 301 and with described 3rd metalwork 301 phase
The 4th metalwork 302 even;
What at least one was arranged on the 4th metalwork 302 first side grabs glue groove 101;In the 4th metalwork 302 second side
Above with the described through hole 102 grabbed on glue groove 101 correspondence position, and described through hole 102 grabs glue groove 101 less than described;
The side being connected with plastic parts 200 on described 4th metalwork 302 is the 4th metalwork the second side, described 4th gold medal
The opposite side belonging to part 302 is the 4th metalwork the first side.
The second way is the improvement of first kind of way, in first kind of way, needs to do through hole on a metalwork, it
Groove also to be done on another metalwork, operation is relatively complicated, is unfavorable for producing in a large number, will grab plastic structure in the second way afterwards
It is arranged on the 4th metalwork, two metalworks all need not be processed, optimization design has been carried out on operation.
In addition, the present invention needs to do supplementary structure on middle shell in order to be connected with miscellaneous part, in first kind of way
Need to do supplementary structure on the first metalwork, because the first metalwork itself has grabbed glue groove, reprocess supplementary structure
When in order to prevent first metalwork rupture, need to thicken the thickness of the first metalwork, can be in the 3rd gold medal in the second way
Belong to part on do the supplementary structure such as groove and the second groove, due to not having processing to grab plastic structure on the 3rd metalwork, therefore with respect to
For first kind of way, reduce the thickness of metal parts 100.
When metal parts be three layers, four layers or during multilamellar it is also possible to grab plastic structure when being two-layer with reference to metal parts,
The form that implements is similar with the above, will not be described here.
No matter the three kinds of ways of realization grabbing plastic structure above describing metal parts 100 can be reached using which kind of mode
To same plastic structure of grabbing, simply different modes has each different advantages.The structure of wherein through hole 102 can be multiple many
Sample, as long as through hole 102 gets final product it is preferred that through hole 102 can be circular, rectangle or triangle less than grabbing glue groove 101.When
Metal parts 100 is included during double layer of metal part it is preferred that described first metalwork 103 and described second metalwork 104 are to weld
Mode is connected, and described 3rd metalwork 301 is connected with welding manner with described 4th metalwork 302.Being connected with welding manner is made
Size after both combinations has higher precision, can reduce scale error.
In addition, described first metalwork 103, described second metalwork 104, described 3rd metalwork 301 and the described 4th
Metalwork 302 be the thin metal thickness of the thin sheet metal of panel beating generally in below 6mm so that the thinner thickness of housing, user
Experience is preferably.
In figs. 2 and 3, with metal parts 100 for overall describe middle shell be how with fore shell 400 and back cover 500 phase
Even, because metal parts 100 includes at least one of which metalwork, therefore including double layer of metal part with metal parts 100 below is
Example illustrates, and the 3rd metalwork is equivalent to the first metalwork, and the 4th metalwork 302 is equivalent to the second metalwork, therefore this reality
Apply example only to illustrate taking the first metalwork 103 and the second metalwork 104 as a example, when metal parts be three layers, four layers or many
During layer, the form that implements is similar with two-layer content, will not be described here:
As shown in figure 9, when the combination that metalwork 100 is two thin metalworks, described first metalwork 103 includes: sets
It is placed in the screw 105 of described first metalwork 103, described screw 105 is in the same size with the through hole 401 of fore shell buckle, screw 402
Described through hole 401 can be run through and screw 105 fixes fore shell 400.Described second metalwork 104 includes the second groove 106, works as screw
When 401 length are long, in unnecessary the second groove 106 that partly can enter the second metalwork 104, prevent that screw is raised
Phenomenon.
Additionally, described fore shell buckle is z shape metal buckle, the bending part of described z shape metal buckle and fore shell as shown in Figure 9
Display screen cooperation.Fore shell buckle is the foil of z shape bending, and z shape bending part is to avoid display screen, so that display screen
Enough spaces are had to be placed in fore shell.
The mode that the middle shell told about in above-described embodiment is connected with fore shell 400, is described below what middle shell was connected with back cover 500
Mode, metalwork 100 when including two metalworks, can illustrate using as a example the first metalwork and the second metalwork:
As shown in Figure 10, mode that middle shell with back cover 500 be connected is described below include:
Groove 107 with back cover claw 501 cooperation, described second metalwork 104 are provided with described first metalwork 103
Including l shape claw 108, described l shape claw 108 is used for and the clamping of described back cover claw 501, described plastic part 200 parcel the
The bending part of two metalwork l shape claws 108.
In Fig. 10 completely it can be seen that adopting the advantage of two metal parts: only process recessed on the first metalwork 103
Groove 107 can achieve the cooperation with back cover claw 501, forms l shape claw by bending technique only on the second metalwork 104
108 can achieve the clamping engagement with back cover claw 501, not only save metal material, also have the simple benefit of processing technique.
Above-described embodiment describes middle shell, and the cooperation of middle shell and fore shell and back cover in detail, and the housing of electronic equipment leads to
Often need to combine with other parts of electronic equipment internal, be connected with by welding manner including with metal parts 100
Flat board 600, when the combination that metal parts is two metal parts, as shown in figure 11, the connected mode of flat board 600 includes: with
The flat board 600 that described first metalwork 103 is connected by welding manner with described second metalwork 104.Flat board 600 herein can
Be contact panel can also be circuit board.
Preferably, as shown in figure 12, present invention also offers a kind of electronic equipment housing, wherein, described first metalwork
The 103 side walls including formation after flat board bending, because the first metalwork 100 needs to be connected with flat board 600, therefore can be by flat board
600 are combined together with the first metalwork 100, will flat board 600 side adopt metal folding technique bending after form side wall,
Using side wall as the first metalwork 100.The method can save the process of the first metalwork 100 and flat board 600 welding.
It is the structure of casting of electronic device above, the casting of electronic device of the present invention is that intensity is good, and side wall is thin, cheap
Ferrum mould and combine housing.
Describe the structure of metal parts 100 in above example in detail, shell 300 is described below, shell 300 is exposed
Supply the outer surface of user's viewing outside electronic equipment, the material of shell includes: metal, glass or leather.Different material exhibitions
Existing different bandwagon effect.
Shell 300 is connected with metal parts 100 by plastic part 200, specifically can be with using three kinds of modes:
First kind of way: by way of glue is pasted, described plastic part 200 is connected with described shell 300;
First in the way of glue stickup, ultrasonic bonding or Shooting Technique in metal parts 100 with plastic parts 200 even
Connect, then affixed to shell 300 on plastic part 200 using super glue.Glue paste mode not firm, therefore this
Bright and provide the second way.
The second way: by way of ultrasonic bonding, described plastic part is connected with described shell;
First in the way of glue stickup, ultrasonic bonding or Shooting Technique in metal parts 100 with plastic parts 200 even
Connect, then by way of ultrasonic bonding, shell 300 is soldered on plastic part 200, using the technique of welding manner
Benefit does not fall off for firm, and technique is more convenient.
Both the above mode is all to be required for two steps to fix shell, and the side that settle is provided below
Formula, i.e. the third mode: while metal parts 100 being connected with shell 300 using Shooting Technique formation plastic part 200,
Plastic part 200 is connected with described shell 300;Metal parts 100 and shell 300 are fixed by support, by the gold fixing
Belong to part 100 and shell 300 together with support, put into together in injection molding, plastic part is formed by the technique of injection mo(u)lding
200, plastic part 200 1 aspect connects metal parts 100, and one side connected with outer casing 300, thus realize the fixation of shell 300.
The material of shell can also be plastic cement material, when shell 300 plastic cement, can be by two works penetrating injection
Skill, forms a jet modling glue (i.e. plastic part 200) and two jet modling glue (i.e. shell 300) in metal parts 100 outside, so in gold
Belong to and have a jet modling glue and two jet modling glue outside part 100, two plastic cement techniques make surface of shell have higher Forming Quality.
Can be using glue, ultrasonic bonding and three kinds of sides of Shooting Technique when metal parts 100 is connected with plastic part 200
Any one of formula, can also be using any one of three of the above mode, therefore middle shell when plastic part 200 is connected with shell 300
Three parts be connected mode one have 3*3=9 kind.Any one connected mode that 9 kinds can be adopted in the specific implementation will
Three parts of middle shell link together.
The present invention can be by three of the above mode fixing shell 300, and the material of shell 300 can be diversified, due to
The demand of client is inconsistent, therefore passes through identical technique and can achieve to meet the demand of different clients, traditional plastics
The middle shell of material can not meet multiple demands of client, if desired the middle shell of metal-like, then can only be carried out using metal material
Manufacture, the present invention just can meet the demand of different clients using identical technological process, and process is simple.
When metal parts 100 includes the 3rd metalwork 301 and the 4th metal parts 302, and shell 300 is also plastic cement
When, can be using shell in following methods processing, as shown in figure 13, the manufacturer of shell in a kind of electronic equipment that the present invention provides
Method, comprising:
Step s101: the 3rd metalwork and the 4th metalwork are welded together to form combiner, described 4th metal
Part setting grabs plastic structure at least provided with one;
Step s102: described combiner is put into injection mo(u)lding in dijection mould, obtains shell in final electronic equipment.
First on the 4th metal parts 302, plastic structure is grabbed in processing, and by the 3rd metalwork 301 and the 4th metal parts
302 carry out welding obtains combiner, combiner is penetrated Shooting Technique by two and obtains a jet modling glue and two jet modling glue, wherein
One jet modling glue is plastic part 200, and two jet modling glue are shell 300, eventually form shell as shown in figure 14.
When metal parts 100 includes the first metalwork 103 and the second metalwork 104, and when shell 300 is also plastic cement,
Can be using shell in following methods processing, as shown in figure 15, the manufacture method of shell in a kind of electronic equipment that the present invention provides, bag
Include:
Step s201: the first metalwork and the second metalwork are welded together to form the 3rd metalwork, described first gold medal
Belong to and be provided with the through hole less than groove at least provided with a groove, described second metalwork on part, and described groove and described logical
Hole contacts;
Step s202: described 3rd metalwork is put into injection mo(u)lding in dijection mould, obtains final electronic equipment shell
Body.
Preferably, also include: flat board is connected with described first metalwork and the second metalwork by welding procedure.
The manufacture method of the casting of electronic device that the present invention provides, the casting of electronic device using this method manufacture has by force
Spend, side wall is thin, cheap advantage.
In this specification, each embodiment is described by the way of going forward one by one, and what each embodiment stressed is and other
The difference of embodiment, between each embodiment same or similar partly mutually referring to.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.
Multiple modifications to these embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The scope the widest causing.