CN1040079C - 生产热塑树脂蜂窝状结构型材的挤塑装置 - Google Patents

生产热塑树脂蜂窝状结构型材的挤塑装置 Download PDF

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CN1040079C
CN1040079C CN92100624A CN92100624A CN1040079C CN 1040079 C CN1040079 C CN 1040079C CN 92100624 A CN92100624 A CN 92100624A CN 92100624 A CN92100624 A CN 92100624A CN 1040079 C CN1040079 C CN 1040079C
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B·普雷沃塔
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    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/705Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0013Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0013Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die
    • B29C48/0015Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die producing hollow articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/11Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/13Articles with a cross-section varying in the longitudinal direction, e.g. corrugated pipes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/337Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location
    • B29C48/338Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows

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Abstract

一种热塑树脂蜂窝状结构型材,其蜂窝状结构隔室壁垂直于型材纵长轴线。用一台由挤塑头和挤塑工具构成挤塑装置制造该型材。挤塑头分成三重叠通道,其出口和挤塑装置相应通道同水平,另一边与至少一相连挤塑机供料通道,两外通道用于让形成型材或管的内、外壁物料通过,中间通道用于让制造隔室壁物料通过,内、外通道由附助通道域中间通道相隔开,附助通道出口与其他通道出口排齐,其出口于改变压力的部件相连,附助通道产生交替压力变化以制成型材。

Description

生产热塑树脂蜂窝状结构型材的挤塑装置
本发明涉及用热塑树脂生产单件蜂窝状结构型材。该型材由彼此用由形成蜂窝状结构隔室的内壁紧紧连接起来的两个外壁构成,并该内壁设置成实质上垂直于型材的纵长轴线。
更具体地说,本发明涉及一种热塑树脂制成的蜂窝状结构型材,该型材由两个外壁构成,该两个外壁由内壁彼此连接起来,而该内壁由空气腔室互相隔开而形成蜂窝状结构,此型材的特征在于该蜂窝状结构实质上设置成垂直于型材的纵长轴线。
本发明还涉及一种挤塑机分配头或挤塑头,其分成三个重叠的通道,这些通道用于使一种或多种热塑树脂通过,中间通道用于形成内壁的物料通过。这个分配头在其出口有一装置,它能造成压力的交替变化以转变从中间通道的物料流的流动方向,使之一会儿朝向可使物料流形成型材上壁所通过的通道,一会儿却朝向可使物料流形成型材下壁所通过的通道。
法国专利FR-A-1486473在其图1中示出一种挤塑装置,该挤塑装置包括三个圆柱形模具,图中只示出该模具的唇部。
在该模具的唇部的厚度方向上钻出多个喷嘴,该喷嘴容许将气体或者注射入包括在外部管和中间管之间或中间管和内部管之间的环形空间,或者将空气从该环形空间抽出。由此而获得两个共心管,该共心管由一个管子支撑着,该管子呈皮老虎的形式包含在该共心管之间。
在使用该装置时,如果该三个管具有相等或实质上相等的厚度,则压力的变化(或压力的减少)便会影响所有三个管,并可获得如该法国专利FR-A-1486473的图7至9所示的材料分布状况。该材料的剖面具有可变的径向轮廓。
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种装置,该装置没有产生上述不良的结果。
本发明的上述目的通过所提供的用以制造蜂窝状结构的管的挤塑装置而实现,该用以制造蜂窝状结构的管的挤塑装置包括:一个安置在沿一个纵长轴线的挤塑头和挤塑工具,该挤塑工具包括一个挤塑模-阳模单元,该挤塑头包含:一个用以供形成该挤塑成的管的外壁的热塑性树脂材料通过的外部通道,一个用以供形成该挤塑成的管的蜂窝状结构隔室壁的热塑性树脂通过的中间通道,一个用以形成该挤塑成的管的内壁的热塑性树脂材料通过的内部通道,该三个通道在该挤塑头中安置成实质上重叠并在该挤塑工具的三个相应的通道实质上挤出,由一个第一附助通道将该外部通道与该中间通道隔开,由一个第二附助通道将该内部通道与该中间通道隔开,每个该附助通道可能分别连接到一个用以增压或减压的系统,其特征在于:该挤塑工具的三个相应的通道终止于基本上相同的与该纵长轴线垂直的平面,还终止于该挤塑工具的内部,从而容许在该挤塑工具内部形成该挤塑成的管的蜂窝状结构隔室。
根据本发明,开始实质上平行地对三个热树脂坯料进行挤塑或共挤塑。外面的两个坯料用以生成最终蜂窝状结构型材的上、下壁,该两个坯料处在中间第三个坯料两侧,该第三个坯料在挤塑工具中以交替方式改变方向,以便相继固定在上壁与下壁上。
尽管本发明涉及所有类型的型材,但尤其可用于前面定义的蜂窝状结构管。
人们都知道,蜂窝状结构的型材,也就是说由留下空隙间隔的许多内隔室壁使与其彼此相连的两个面形成的型材,取代具有实质上等效性质的笨重而费钱的实心型材,这种型材重而贵是由于制成硬而结实的材料所必需的物料量所致。目前商品化的热塑树脂蜂窝状结构的型材只是由用与型材纵长轴线方向同向配置的许多隔室壁将其彼此相连的两个壁构成的。这些呈圆形或矩形截面的纵向蜂窝状结构型材符合减轻重量的准则。然而,尤其在管道筒的情况下,这些型材在其壁之间的蜂窝状结构中产生流体的寄生通道,这可由特殊的接头或特定的连接部件得到补救。
本发明的型材特别能克服这些缺陷,因为这些蜂窝状结构是横向(因此密封)而不是纵向设置,对于材料间的相同性质而言是这样。
能制造这种型材的装置由可加热和能调整的挤塑头构成,这种挤塑头能让三股熔融态热塑物料流通过。由至少一台供料挤塑机提供的这些热塑物料流差不多是以重叠方式安排的。
在这些物料流之间备有一个可改变压力的部件,如可进行空气循环或气体循环或者抽真空的附助通道。
该装置还由挤塑工具组成,在挤塑工具中汇集了三股物料流,并且在挤塑工具中,两股外面的物料流在交会点构成最终型材的上表面和下表面,而中间的物料流交替地与每一个面接触。
中间物料流与两个面的这种接触不仅产生蜂窝状结构,而且保持上、下面之间的间隔,直到最终型材冷却。中间物料与其它两股物料流交替接触是由于一方面的中间物料流与上面物料流之间而另一方面在中间物料流与下面物料流之间产生的交替压力变化所引起的。这种中间物料流交替转变方向可由在挤塑头中配置的至少两个附助通道中送入的空气或气体、或吸气产生的。其附助通道延伸到挤塑模中,并且在中间物料流与上面物料流之间以及中间物料流与下面物料流之间的会流点处出来。
附图的说明可以较好的理解本发明的装置和方法,并举例说明所制得的型材。
图1表示本发明的挤塑工具的剖面图;
图2表示本发明的另一实施例的挤塑工具的剖面图;
图3为本发明的蜂窝状结构的管的部分剖面图;
图4为本发明的蜂窝状结构的三种不同形状的内壁的部分剖面图。
图1表示出能制造蜂窝状结构型材板的装置剖面图,连接所述型材板的上面和下面间的蜂窝状结构隔室壁实质上与该板纵长轴线垂直定向。该装置是由用常规装置将其彼此固定的两个元件组成:挤塑头1和用挤塑模2表示的挤塑工具。挤塑头被分成三个重迭通道3、4和5,它们的出口明显地和挤塑模三个相应通道在同一水平上,两个通道3和5用于让构成其型材板上、下壁的物料通过,中间通道4用于让生产该型材板内加强肋或蜂窝状结构隔室壁的物料通过,如果该装置由一台单一挤塑机供料,这些通道在供料通道6上游合并。
然而不排除,例如在由三种不同物料和/或不同色彩组成板的情况下,每一个通道应以已知的方式单独地与一台挤塑机相连。也不排除,也是以已知的方式仅两个通道与一台挤塑机的供料通道合并,第三个通道通到第二台挤塑机的供料通道。在这种情况下,可以使用两种不同的热塑树脂制造该种板。
用于使形成该板上、下壁的物料通过的每一个通道3和5与中间通道4均由附助通道7、8相隔开,其附助通道的管道11与该装置外部相连,其管道11可能与进行加压或降低的任何一个系统相连。这些附助通道配置在其它通道之间,该通道在其一端部各有一出口实质上与所述其它通道的出口在同一水平上。通道3和5的出口厚度借助可移动楔子9和10单独进行调节,这种可移动楔子对这些出口管的截面起作用同时能或多或少地例如通过轴向或径向移动关闭它们。可以使用常规的定形器件14控制其冷却与最终的成形。
图2是制造蜂窝状结构的管的装置剖面图,其连接上、下面或者其管外表面和管内表面明的蜂窝状结构隔室壁显地都与该管纵长轴线方向垂直配置。这个图表示了本发明较可取的外形。术语“管”可理解为沿着一定的方向有恒定几何截面,但不必是旋转对称的空心物体。
该装置是由用常规装置将其彼此固定的两个元件组成的:挤塑头1和挤塑工具2,挤塑工具2本身由挤塑模2a和阳模2b组合而成。其挤塑头被分成三个重叠环形通道3、4和5,它们的出口显然与挤塑模的三个相应通道在同一水平上。两个通道3和5用来让构成管的外壁和内壁的物料通过,中间通道4用于让制造内加强肋或管的蜂窝状结构隔室壁的物料通过,如果该装置由一台单一挤塑机供料,则这三个通道在三个物料流分配器的上游的供料通道6处合并。然而不排除,例如,在由三种不同物料和/或不同色彩构成管的情况下,这些通道的每种物料流分配器以已知的方式单独地与一台挤塑机相连。也不排除,在一台挤塑机供料通道中的物料分配器上游,也是以已知的方式仅与两个通道合并,最后一个通道的第三个物料流分配器由第二台挤塑机供料;在这种情况下,构成该管的两种热塑树脂可能是不相同的。用于让构成管的内、外壁的物料通过的每一个通道3和5与中间通道4是由中间的附助环形通道7、8隔开的,其附助环形通道通过管道11与该装置的外部相连,该管道11与能进行加压或降压的任何一个系统相连接。这些附助通道在其它通道之间配置,该通道在其一端部各有一出口实质上与所述其它通道的出口在同一水平上。通道3和5的出口厚度可以借助可移动楔子9和10单独进行调整,其可移动楔子对这些通道的出口管的载面起作用,同时能或多或少地例如由轴向或径向移动关闭它们。
挤塑头中物料流分配器本身是已知的,它用于挤塑工具出口处得到恒定的物料流。分配通道3、4和5的形状可能与所使用热塑物料有关。
图3为按照本发明制成蜂窝状结构的管的部分剖面图。
由至少一种热塑物料挤塑或共挤塑得到本发明的蜂窝状结构型材。由至少一台挤塑机开始,将热塑物料送入该装置,在挤塑或共挤塑熟知的常规条件下,在挤塑工具出口得到其型材。
本方法能制造蜂窝状结构的型材,其蜂窝状结构隔室壁显然是垂直于型材纵长轴线设置的,该方法的特点主要在于处理供形成蜂窝状结构隔室壁的物料流。
本方法的特征在于,只要由挤塑头出来的中间物料流处于熔融态,在供生成上表面或外表面的热塑物料流与中间物料流之间以及在供生成下表面或内表面的热塑物料流与中间物料流之间,交替地引起压力变化,以便产生一种波浪,这种波浪显然与中间料脉的热塑物料挤塑或共挤塑轴线垂直。
由上述压力变化产生的这种波动,例如可由下述方式得到:由中间料脉两边交替注入气体或空气产生超压,也由同一料脉两边交替产生真空造成减压,或者中间料脉的流出速度超过两个其它物料流出速度。
这种交替压力变化的大小量可增大或减小蜂窝状结构隔室壁的倾斜角。同样,每个压力变化之间的时间间隔能调节蜂窝状结构隔室的体积。压力变化的量(大小)取决于许多特殊参数:中间料的厚度、所使用的热塑物料、所要求的隔室壁的倾斜角度、所希望的蜂窝状结构隔室的体积。本领域的普通技术人员根据所有这些考虑可以按照其目的调整其压力的变化。该方法运行良好的唯一的一些明显条件是:一方面压力交替变化应是充分的,以便中间物料流与生成型材其它两壁的物料流以熔融态物料进行交替接触,另一方面不应太激烈,以避免中间物料流受到破坏。
中间物料流流出速度超过形成内、外壁物料流的速度就可以保证中间料脉或料坯与其它料脉或料坯进行接触。这种速度的差别导致中间物料流的物料能与要和它连在一起的两壁物料进行熔接。由于中间物料流的挤塑速度而出现的过量物料又被向后推到物料所连接的另一壁上,为种现象交替地再现。在这种情况下,压力的变化可被控制或不受约束,中间的蜂窝状结构隔室壁的移动吸进了充满蜂窝状结构隔室所必需的大量空气或气体。然而,最好是控制挤塑或共挤时的压力变化以便控制蜂窝状结构隔室的形成次数的规则性。
为了更好地阐明这一点参考图1和2描述本方法,同时又看到这些图表明的是由一台单一挤塑机供料的装置,而当在通道3、4和5中至少一个通路成为双通道(bipassage)后,该装置可由一个以上的挤塑机供料,这种方法一样适用。
由挤塑机(未示出)提供的热塑物料,由与该挤塑机相连的总供料通道6分散到该装置通道3、4和5中。
至迟在热设备出口,一般地只要物料(流)处于熔融状态,在位于挤塑工具中交会点的地方物料流之间的区域12和13内压力交替变化就会产生中间物料流的波浪。在型材的挤塑过程中,在这些区域中,这种压力的交替变化可由与设备的外部相连的附助通道7和8中超压或降压产生。这些外部设备均可与在该装置中能产生加压和/或降压的整个部件相连。事实上不排除,为改善蜂窝状结构隔室壁的形成,同时交替地在一个中间通道造成加压,在另一个中间通道造成降压。在本装置中造成交替加压和/或降压的外部部件都是已知的,例如可以涉及与真空泵或压缩机相连的电动阀。正如已经说明的那样,这些外部设备同样能处于对空气开放的地方。
由在热设备出口处挤塑模能放置的冷却装置所给出的形成内外两壁的热塑物料相对流动确定其型材的厚度。例如传统的内冷却装置可置于阳模端,以保证管的内径恒定。一般地说,用传统的挤压冷却定形器件可以保证其型材的外壁冷却。
正如图4所示出的那样,内、外两壁相对靠近可以改变蜂窝的隔室壁形状。

Claims (3)

1.一种用以制造蜂窝状结构的管的挤塑装置,该所述挤塑装置包括安置在沿一个纵长轴线的挤塑头(1)和挤塑工具(2),所述挤塑工具包括一个挤塑模(2a)-阳模(2b)单元,所述挤塑头(1)包含:一个用以供形成所述挤塑成的管的外壁的热塑性树脂材料通过的外部通道(3),一个用以供形成所述挤塑成的管的蜂窝状结构隔室壁的热塑性树脂通过的中间通道(4),一个用以形成所述挤塑成的管的内壁的热塑性树脂材料通过的内部通道(5),所述三个通道(3)、(4)、(5)在所述挤塑头(1)中安置成实质上重叠并在所述挤塑工具(2)的三个相应的通道实质上挤出,由一个第一附助通道(7)将所述外部通道(3)与所述中间通道(4)隔开,由一个第二附助通道(8)将所述内部通道(5)与所述中间通道(4)隔开,每个所述附助通道(7,8)可能分别连接到一个用以增压或减压的系统,其特征在于:所述挤塑工具(2)的三个相应的通道终止于基本上相同的与所述纵长轴线垂直的平面并终止于所述挤塑工具(2)的内部,从而容许在所述挤塑工具(2)内部形成所述挤塑成的管的蜂窝状结构隔室。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:所述与所述纵长轴线垂直的平面位于所述挤塑头(1)和所述挤塑模(2a)-阳模(2b)单元之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任何一个权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于:相应于在所述挤塑工具(2)内所述外部通道(3)和所述内部通道(5)的两个通道出口的厚度由可移动楔子(9,10)进行调整,从而容许将所述挤塑头(1)移动离开所述纵长方向。
CN92100624A 1991-01-10 1992-01-10 生产热塑树脂蜂窝状结构型材的挤塑装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1040079C (zh)

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CN1329183C (zh) * 2003-12-30 2007-08-01 张瑞国 利用管材制作蜂窝材料的复合方法
US8733405B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2014-05-27 Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. Corrugated pipe with outer layer
US7484535B2 (en) 2005-03-14 2009-02-03 Advanced Drainage Systems, Inc. Corrugated pipe with outer layer
CN102039654A (zh) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 甘国工 生产复合泡沫塑料板材或型材的方法及装置
CN104708791A (zh) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-17 江苏大道机电科技有限公司 大型塑料中空成型机的机头流道结构
CN107310122B (zh) * 2015-12-23 2019-12-06 江西华利包装科技有限责任公司 利用气压支撑一次成型制备缓冲复合纸板

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