CN104007472A - In-hole direct current electric method advanced detection method - Google Patents
In-hole direct current electric method advanced detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104007472A CN104007472A CN201410257867.5A CN201410257867A CN104007472A CN 104007472 A CN104007472 A CN 104007472A CN 201410257867 A CN201410257867 A CN 201410257867A CN 104007472 A CN104007472 A CN 104007472A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct current electric method advanced detection method. Influences of adverse factors in a rear area can be effectively avoided, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution capacity to anomalous bodies in stratum media on the periphery of a hole are improved, the detection accuracy rate is improved, current electrodes are fixed behind a roadway construction facing head, steady currents are provided for stratums, a point power source field is built, a change rule of the point power source field is observed along the interior of the stratum drilled hole in front of the facing head, and hidden disaster-caused bodies in front of the roadway construction position are detected. The direct current electric method advanced detection method relates to the multiple current electrodes arranged nearby the roadway construction facing head, a power supply system is formed by the current electrodes and an infinite electrode, and a receiving system composed of receiving electrodes is arranged in the drilled hole. The receiving electrodes are sequentially and movably distributed from a hole opening to the deep portion, potential differences generated when the three current electrodes respectively supply power are received when the receiving electrodes move one time, and the apparent resistivity at the corresponding position can be calculated. The potential differences and the calculated apparent resistivity serve as essential data, the three sets of data are jointly processed, and data bodies capable of being used for geological interpretations are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geophysical exploration technology field, relate to a kind of being applied in boring, survey the latent DC electrical method forward probe method that causes calamity body in tunnelling the place ahead.
Background technology
In geophysical exploration technology field, conventionally need a kind of reliable advanced prediction forecasting procedure, the demand of tunneling safely to meet relevant industries.In hole, DC electrical method detection is a kind of new advanced prediction forecasting procedure, and it is the contain/water guide body in certain radial distance around can accurately identifying and holing.
To the prediction of tunnel, tunnel piercing the place ahead disaster geology anomalous body, contain/water guide body, it is an important process being closely related with safety in production.At present main forward probe method has the method for the forecasting tunnel construction tunnel face front water burst position that patent that seismic reflectuon seismic noise, auspicious Rayleigh Wave Method, geological radar method, transient electromagnetic method, DC resistivity, infrared measurement of temperature method and application number are 200810044794.6 records.
In seismic reflectuon seismic noise, application is wider tunnel seismic section method (TSP) and a vertical seismic section method in tunnel (TVSP).The working method of two kinds of methods is difference slightly, but be all to utilize seismic reflection principle seismic reflectuon seismic noise to determine preferably rock stratum speed interface energy.In real work, the signal that the method receives is more complicated, the negative apparent velocity reflection wave at tomography interface is difficult to accurate extraction, cause explanation results to have more serious multi-solution, and earthquake reflected wave is insensitive to the reaction of underground water, can not the strong moisture geologic anomaly body in accurate forecast the place ahead, especially helpless especially to point-like conduit pipe.
Auspicious Rayleigh Wave Method is the propagation characteristic that utilizes rayleigh surface wave in elastic wave, survey a kind of geophysical prospecting method of Front Frame face, its core is the Dispersion that has utilized layered medium China and Sweden Leibos, and different frequency composition has different phase velocities, by dispersion curve, carries out geologic interpretation.Auspicious Rayleigh Wave Method is divided into stable state and two kinds of methods of transient state.Stable state auspicious Leibo method is because equipment is too heavy, and operating efficiency is low, is difficult to be applicable to Roadway Leading Prospecting condition.Transient State Rayleigh Wave adopts a plurality of wave detectors, receives the ground roll information of same epicenter excitation, according to half-wavelength theoretical explanation interface depth.Auspicious Rayleigh Wave Method is all with practical value at aspects such as the layering of detection geologic body (coal seam), zone of fracture, karst collapse col umn, geologic anomaly bodies, but the method is insensitive to water content equally, can not Accurate Prediction the water content in driving the place ahead, and crossover distance generally only has 50m, and in weak seam, crossover distance is shorter especially.
Geologic radar detection method be take medium electrically, magnetic is basis, energy attenuation, frequency dispersion effect and the time isoparametric Changing Pattern of the electromagnetic wave of research different frequency after dieletric reflection, transmission, absorption, utilize the reflection characteristic of wideband high-frequency time domain electromagnetic pulse to carry out detection of a target body, for inferring form and the locus of workplace front geological anomalous body.The method has good Effect on Detecting to water contents such as tomography, karst collapse col umn, old kilns, but detection range is shorter at present, and in 20m～30m, radar record is subject to hole inner machine interference simultaneously, will pay special attention to ripple to identify mutually in detection analysis, gets rid of and disturbs greatly.
The principle of Mine transient electromagnetic forward probe method based on ground transient electromagnetic, obtains the resistivity of tunneling front geological body, by resistivity contrasts, is judged tectonic structure, is led/the geologic anomaly bodies such as water content.The shortcoming of the method is to have certain blind area, can not survey the geologic body within the scope of near the about 20m of heading end; In tunnel, metallic object, local electrically heterogeneous body are excited the vortex field of rear generation by primary field, larger to the data influence gathering, the spurious anomaly that occurs being difficult to eliminating; To target anomalous body location spatially, exist uncertain.
Mine direct current resistance rate method forward probe is that to take the conductivity difference of medium be physical basis, and the space distribution rule by observation and Study of The Underground servostabilization current field, reaches a kind of forward probe method of reconnoitring object.The receiving electrode of the method is arranged in boring head rear, is subject to construction environment (rail, metal support, anchor net, electric equipment, local puddle or moist location etc.) and lane space impact larger, and the data of reception are unstable, and spurious anomaly is on the high side; Single detection range is limited, it is generally acknowledged 80～100m.
Infrared measurement of temperature method is to take rock fever conduction, thermorodiative property as basis, measures the temperature variation on face under certain distance and accuracy of observation.The regularity of distribution of the temperature anomaly field causing according to the temperature difference of water content and country rock, carries out advanced prediction to it.The method has higher accuracy to the advanced prediction of the water contents such as solution cavity, fault belt, karst―fractured zone, but investigative range is shorter, be generally less than 30m, and be still confined to the property of water-bearing of qualitative forecast anomalous body at present, to water cut, also can not carry out quantitatively or sxemiquantitative forecast.
Application number is a kind of method that 200810044794.6 patent of invention has illustrated forecasting tunnel construction tunnel face front water burst position.Its principle is according to underground water, in rock mass, to circulate the temperature variation that causes water body periphery and flow through position country rock, by this temperature contrast, infers the water content that front of tunnel heading may exist.The method has certain accuracy, but can not quantitative forecast body of groundwater with respect to the distance of face.Its working method is the tunnel perimeter after face in construction, with the reach of tunnel construction tunnel face, and the temperature of pointwise tracking and testing tunnel perimeter rock mass at a certain distance.Its temperature test carries out in the dark petrosal foramen of 5～12m, therefore need at rear, tunnel, equidistantly implement the boring of some, has relatively large workload.
Along with the extensive employing of roadheader, tunnelling speed also improves thereupon, more than daily footage can reach 30m.In this case, application said method carries out advanced prediction forecast, will produce single forecast distance shorter, the defect that accuracy is inadequate.Therefore, need a kind of single forecast distance longer, the forward probe method that precision is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of three transmitting electrodes of fixing at boring head rear, in stratum, feed electric current, set up artificial field source, in the place ahead concordant boring of meeting head on, receiving electrode is measured the forward probe method of potential difference (PD).According to the present invention, can effectively avoid the impact of the unfavorable factors such as ironware in tunnel, electric equipment, local ponding, increase the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that receives signal, thereby reflect more really the hole electric conductivity regularity of distribution on stratum around, improve the resolution characteristic to anomalous body.
Detection operations principle of the present invention is: at the tunnelling rear of meeting head on, arrange electric power system, containing a remote electrode and three transmitting electrodes, receiving electrode is positioned at boring.Transmitting electrode feeds direct current and sets up artificial electric field to stratum, according to current field Distribution Principle, it when each transmitting electrode is powered respectively, is all point source, its equipotential plane is to take the sphere that transmitting electrode is the centre of sphere, the feature of this sphere is that the current potential of any point on same sphere is identical, and in hole, the receiving electrode of certain intervals is measured the potential difference (PD) between equipotential plane.Receiving electrode of every movement, receive successively the potential difference (PD) that three transmitting electrode power supply fields produce respectively between this receiving electrode, when tunneling the place ahead without geologic anomaly body, the potential difference (PD) obtaining is normal value, and when there is geologic anomaly body, the distribution of equipotential surface will be changed, potential difference (PD) also changes thereupon, by this potential difference, obtain the information of driving front geological anomalous body.According to potential difference (PD), can calculate the apparent resistivity of different depth position.By analysis interpretation, obtain the more accurate lateral attitude of geologic anomaly body.
Concrete, the invention provides a kind of DC electrical method forward probe method in hole, it is characterized in that, comprise the following aspects:
(1), in the place ahead of meeting head on that needs the tunnel of forward probe, along tunneling direction concordant drilling, hole depth can require to 100～300m or darker according to surveying;
(2) near boring head at interval of identical distance, arrange that three transmitting electrodes are emitting electrode, arrange a remote electrode, remote electrode distance meets head on to be greater than 5 times of hole depths, transmitting electrode is connected with A, the B utmost point of power-supply unit respectively with remote electrode, forms electric power system;
(3) transmitting electrode is confessed stable electric current to stratum, sets up the point source field centered by transmitting electrode;
(4) receiving electrode is arranged in boring, is connected with M, the N utmost point of receiving equipment, the potential difference (PD) that acceptance point power supply field produces in receiving electrode position;
(5) three transmitting electrodes are powered respectively, by receiving electrode, obtain three groups of potential difference (PD) data, and calculate the apparent resistivity of different depth position;
(6) take the apparent resistivity of potential difference (PD) and calculating is basic data, and many groups of this data that receive during by different transmitting electrodes power supply are carried out Combined Treatment, obtain can be used for the data volume of geologic interpretation.
Described three transmitting electrodes are powered to stratum in order successively, described receiving electrode, every movement once, all receive successively the potential difference (PD) that described three transmitting electrodes produce at this place, after end, mobile described receiving electrode, to next acceptance point, repeats aforementioned power supply reception work, until reach to survey, require the degree of depth, complete surveying work.
According to DC electrical method forward probe method in above-mentioned hole, it is characterized in that, described boring is concordant boring, along tunneling direction, needs the stratum of forward probe to creep into, hole depth can require to 100～300m or darker according to surveying.
According to DC electrical method forward probe method in above-mentioned hole, it is characterized in that, the quantity of described transmitting electrode is 3, and described remote electrode distance meets head on to be greater than 5 times of hole depths, transmitting electrode is connected with A, the B utmost point of power-supply unit respectively with remote electrode, forms electric power system.Described transmitting electrode is confessed steady current in order successively, and in stratum, sets up respectively point source field.
According to DC electrical method forward probe method in above-mentioned hole, it is characterized in that, described receiving electrode, by aperture to deep successively mobile layout, moves at every turn, the potential difference (PD) producing when all receiving three transmitting electrodes and powering respectively, and can calculate the apparent resistivity of relevant position.
According to DC electrical method forward probe method in above-mentioned hole, it is characterized in that, while there is low-resistance anomalous body near detection of a target stratum boring, because the existence of low-resistance anomalous body attracts electric current, thereby near the distributional pattern of the field source that change transmitting electrode is set up this anomalous body, now, around it, equipotential plane form changes thereupon, by receiving electrode, obtain this variation showing in equipotential surface, thereby obtain the information of low-resistance anomalous body.
According to DC electrical method forward probe method in above-mentioned hole, it is characterized in that, the apparent resistivity of potential difference (PD) and calculating of take is basic data, and three groups of data are carried out to Combined Treatment, obtains can be used for the data volume of geologic interpretation.According to different transmitting electrodes, in current potential difference or the change in apparent resistivity feature of same acceptance point, can realize the located lateral to anomalous body.
According to DC electrical method forward probe method in above-mentioned hole, it is characterized in that, in surveying work progress, while finding the section of data exception variation, can repeat in real time and/or encrypt and carry out aforementioned power supply reception work, until reach to survey, require the degree of depth.
According to the present invention, transmitting electrode is arranged at the rear of meeting head in tunnel, artificial field source is set up in power supply, receives potential difference (PD) in boring, thus can discrimination objective layer position in containing latent moisture geologic anomaly bodies such as/permeable structure (or containing/water enrichment area), old empty ponding, Genesis of Karst Subsided Column, limestone water.
In addition, according to the present invention, due to general rock stratum when moisture resistivity lower, to feeding underground current field, have strong effect, thus the method for identification driving the place ahead containing/water guide body is especially effective.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is DC electrical method forward probe Method And Principle schematic diagram in hole of the present invention.
In figure: 1. top board stratum, 2. tunnel, 3. base plate stratum, 4. tunnelling is met head on, boring side low-resistance anomalous body, 6. coal seam, 7. measuring point (signal), 8. transmitting electrode in boring and hole, 9. pole at infinity, 10. electric power system, 11. receiving systems and receiving electrode position, 12. receiving electrodes are along boring moving direction.
Fig. 2 is the transmitting electrode in DC electrical method forward probe method and its point source field distribution schematic diagram of setting up in stratum in hole of the present invention.
In figure: U is equipotential plane.
Embodiment
In conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is made to detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is DC electrical method forward probe Method And Principle schematic diagram in hole of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, although be to take the description that colliery carries out as example along coal seam forward probe geologic anomaly body, it should be noted that, this description is only exemplary, the present invention is not limited in the scheme along coal seam forward probe geologic anomaly body.Roughlly speaking, the specific embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) in 4 the place ahead of meeting head on that needs the tunnel 2 of forward probe, along tunneling direction, along coal seam 6 drilling 7 on request, drilling depth can require to determine according to surveying, and the requirement of described boring is as follows:
(a) perpendicular to meeting head on, concordant drilling;
(b) hole depth can require to 100～300m according to surveying, or darker;
(2) near boring head 4, arrange transmitting electrode 8 (A1, A2 and A3), remote electrode 9 is arranged in and is greater than 5 times of detection ranges and has good earth condition place, electrode contacts closely knit with stratum.Respectively transmitting electrode 8 is connected with the feeder ear of power-supply unit with remote electrode 9, forms electric power system 10, the number of transmitting electrode 8 can change, and in figure, the quantity of transmitting electrode 8 is illustrated as 3;
(3) transmitting electrode feeds direct current and sets up artificial electric field to stratum, centered by transmitting electrode, form point source field, in uniform dielectric situation, its equipotential plane is also to take the sphere (as U in Fig. 2) that transmitting electrode is the centre of sphere, and the feature of this sphere is that the current potential of any point on same sphere is identical;
(4) receiving electrode is positioned in boring 7, and be connected with the receiving end of receiving equipment, form receiving system 11, the potential difference signal that the point source field that receives successively each transmitting electrode produces in receiving electrode position respectively, after completing, according to boring 7 directions, move to next measuring point, repeat the surveying work of a measuring point.When tunneling the place ahead without geologic anomaly body, the potential difference (PD) obtaining is normal value, and when there is geologic anomaly body, the distribution of equipotential surface will be changed (as the variation of Fig. 2 medium or low resistance anomalous body U of place), potential difference (PD) also changes thereupon, by receiving this potential difference, obtain the information of driving front geological anomalous body;
(5) described transmitting electrode 8 is powered to stratum in order successively, described receiving electrode as described receiving system 11, every movement once, all receives the power supply field signal (potential difference (PD)) producing in stratum when described each transmitting electrode is powered successively.In the present embodiment exemplifying, three transmitting electrode 8 power supplies successively in order, as three potential difference (PD) of receiving electrode reception of receiving system 11, repeat aforementioned power supply reception work, to reaching to survey, require the degree of depth, complete surveying work, obtain three groups of potential difference (PD) data;
(6) three groups of potential difference (PD) data can calculate the apparent resistivity of relevant position, and the apparent resistivity of potential difference (PD) and calculating of take is basic data, and multi-group data is carried out to Combined Treatment, obtains can be used for the data volume of geologic interpretation.
Wherein, in the drawings, a side of holing in boring head the place ahead as the low-resistance abnormal posture of detection of a target body (5 signals in Fig. 1).In the time of near transmitting electrode 8 moves to this low-resistance anomalous body, existence due to low-resistance anomalous body, therefore can attract electric current, thereby change the distributional pattern of field source, now, around it, equipotential plane form changes thereupon, by receiving electrode in hole, obtains this variation showing in equipotential surface, thereby obtains the information of low-resistance anomalous body.
And, in surveying work progress, while finding that the unexpected section changing appears in the potential difference (PD) data that receive, can repeat and/or encrypt and carry out aforementioned power supply reception work, to reaching to survey, require the degree of depth.
According to embodiment, the present invention has been made to detailed description above, yet, described description is exemplary, the present invention is not limited only in embodiment, those skilled in the art can instruct according to the present invention completely and it is made to various forms of replacements or change, do not departing under the prerequisite of aim of the present invention and spirit, every various changes that the present invention is made and modification are all considered as the content that the present invention is contained, within all falling into the scope of claims.
Claims (4)
1. a DC electrical method forward probe method in hole, is characterized in that, comprises the following aspects:
(1), in the place ahead of meeting head on that needs the tunnel of forward probe, along tunneling direction concordant drilling, hole depth can require to 100～300m according to surveying;
(2) near boring head at interval of identical distance, arrange three transmitting electrodes, arrange a remote electrode, remote electrode distance meets head on to be greater than 5 times of hole depths, transmitting electrode forms electric power system together with remote electrode;
(3) transmitting electrode is confessed stable electric current to stratum, sets up the point source field centered by transmitting electrode;
(4) receiving electrode is arranged in boring to the potential difference (PD) that acceptance point power supply field produces in receiving electrode position;
(5) three transmitting electrodes are powered respectively, by receiving electrode, obtain three groups of potential difference (PD) data, and calculate the apparent resistivity of different depth position;
(6) take the apparent resistivity of potential difference (PD) and calculating is basic data, and many groups of this data that receive during by different transmitting electrodes power supply are carried out Combined Treatment, obtain can be used for the data volume of geologic interpretation,
Wherein, described three transmitting electrodes are powered to stratum in order successively, described receiving electrode, every movement once, all receives the potential difference (PD) that described three transmitting electrodes produce at this place, after finishing successively, mobile described receiving electrode is to next acceptance point, repeat aforementioned power supply reception work, until reach to survey, require the degree of depth, complete surveying work.
2. DC electrical method forward probe method in hole as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, while there is low-resistance anomalous body near detection of a target stratum boring, because the existence of low-resistance anomalous body attracts electric current, thereby near the distributional pattern of the field source that change transmitting electrode is set up this anomalous body, now, around it, equipotential plane form changes thereupon, by receiving electrode, obtain this variation showing in equipotential surface, thereby obtain the information of low-resistance anomalous body.
3. DC electrical method forward probe method in hole as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the apparent resistivity of potential difference (PD) and calculating of take is basic data, three groups of data are carried out to Combined Treatment, obtain can be used for the data volume of geologic interpretation, thereby in current potential difference or the change in apparent resistivity feature of same acceptance point, realize the located lateral to anomalous body according to different transmitting electrodes.
4. DC electrical method forward probe method in hole as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in surveying work progress, while finding section that data exception changes, can repeat in real time and/or encrypt and carry out aforementioned power supply reception work, until reach to survey, requires the degree of depth.
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| CN104459808A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Monitoring and forecasting method and device for water bursting hazards on roof and floor of coal working face |
| CN106886050A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-23 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of Roadway Leading Prospecting device and method |
| CN108508492A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-07 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | The high-density resistivity measuring system and current field antihunt means of Direct electric current field |
| CN108828678A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2018-11-16 | 林光琴 | A kind of advanced geology for tunnel construction detection system |
| CN109143377A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-04 | 广州市天驰测绘技术有限公司 | A kind of Electromagnetic Survey of Underground Pipelines method |
| CN110531427A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-12-03 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of DC electrical method conduction anchor pole electrode and its wireless exploration application method |
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| CN111856594A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-10-30 | 安徽理工大学 | Tunnel three-direction video dispersion rate advanced detection method |
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| CN106886050B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-12-27 | 桂林理工大学 | Roadway advanced detection device and method |
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