CN104005052A - Single-point feeding W-shaped aluminum electrolysis cell and filling blocks thereof - Google Patents
Single-point feeding W-shaped aluminum electrolysis cell and filling blocks thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104005052A CN104005052A CN201310056801.5A CN201310056801A CN104005052A CN 104005052 A CN104005052 A CN 104005052A CN 201310056801 A CN201310056801 A CN 201310056801A CN 104005052 A CN104005052 A CN 104005052A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-point feeding W-shaped aluminum electrolysis cell. Single-point alumina powder feeding can be achieved, and molten aluminum generated by electrolysis of negative poles is led into flow guide gutters. The single-point feeding W-shaped aluminum electrolysis cell is mainly characterized in that inclined positive poles (1 and 21) are respectively composed of two electric conduction carbon blocks and are hung independently, and a W-shaped positive pole set is formed by the inclined positive poles and filling blocks (4 and 24) on the two sides; a single-point feeding hole (3) of the electrolysis cell is formed between the two inclined positive poles (1), and the existing feeding technology of the aluminum electrolysis cell is not changed; a negative pole set shaped like the Chinese character 'shan' is formed by bottom inclined negative poles (2 and 22) and side carbon blocks (7), and square flow guide gutters (6) or semi-V-shaped flow guide gutters (26) are arranged at two ends of the bottom inclined negative poles (2 and 22); the filling blocks (4 and 24) are arranged between the positive poles (1 and 21) and the side carbon blocks (7), and sediment in the gutters can be cleaned away through power-on; positioning blocks (5) precisely position the distance between the positive poles and the side carbon blocks, and the size of the electrolysis cell is greatly reduced. The electrolysis cell has the advantages of being small in cell body and large in energy saving amplitude and not changing the existing feeding technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the reinforced W shape aluminium cell of a kind of single-point and block filler thereof, belong to coloured light-weight metal metallurfgy technical field.
Background technology
Existing Hall-Ai Lute (Hall-Heroult) aluminum electrolyzation technology adopts the anode and cathode of board-like horizontal positioned always, and interpole gap is 4～6 ㎝, and anode and cathode is graphite matter charcoal piece.The advantage of this method is that excellent conductivity, the elevated temperature corrosion resistant of anode and cathode material is good, simple shape, be easy to processing and fabricating; But also there are some defects in board-like horizontal electrode: in electrolytic process, Sauerstoffatom newborn on anode can be oxidized carbon anode, emits CO
2and CO, cause environmental pollution; In board-like horizontal anode and cathode electrolytic process, the negative electrode aluminium that electrolysis goes out is covered with cathode surface, and aluminium liquid layer thickness constantly increases, actual also corresponding reducing of interpole gap, aluminium liquid layer progressively anode is close, add the fluctuation that exists electromagnetic action to cause liquid aluminum in electrolyzer, also increased the secondary oxidation of negative electrode aluminium, reaction formula is: AL(l)+CO
2(g) → Al
20
3+ CO.Due to the impact of secondary oxidation, the interpole gap of horizontal anode and cathode is greater than 4 ㎝, has data to show according to oneself
［ 1,2 ］if, can make the interpole gap L of electrolysis of aluminum decline 50%, the bath voltage of electrolyzer can reduce by 19～19.5%, and the energy consumption of corresponding electrolysis of aluminum also declines equal proportion; Next is current efficiency (CE), reduces the current loss in aluminium electrolysis process, can improve current efficiency.The major cause of current loss be newly-generated aluminium by secondary oxidation, therefore reduce the secondary oxidation of aluminium on negative electrode, be also one of important means improving current efficiency, also can save a ton aluminium power consumption and improve current efficiency.Along with the progress of aluminum electrolyzation technology and the raising of equipment, current efficiency also brings up to 93～95% from early stage 85%
［ 1 ］.Under horizontal anode and cathode electrolysis technology condition, this numerical value is own close to the limit;
The energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell that Chinese patent (2010105064567) is described easily causes the aluminium liquid receiving tank crust of cathode bottom, and cannot start by easy baking coke particles technology, need to adopt the total electrolyte flame-aluminum solution roasting and starting technology that cost is higher
[3];
Reference
[1] Liu Yexiang, Li Ji etc. " modern aluminum electrolysis " (M), metallurgical industry press (in August, 2008);
[2] Qiu Zhuxian, " principle of electrolysis of aluminum " (M), press of China Mining University;
[3] Wang Biao, a kind of energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell and method thereof, 2010105064567(P), 2010-10-14.
Summary of the invention
Target of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing aluminum electrolyzation technology, do not changing under the reinforced technology pattern of existing single-point, improve inclination diversion type aluminum electrolysis cell technology, adopt block filler to overcome negative electrode crust, adopt the distance between preset pieces control electrode, do not reducing under productivity prerequisite, a kind of significantly energy efficient, the new device that significantly reduces aluminium cell size and working method are provided.The energy-saving single-point of the present invention tilting fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell that feeds in raw material, the distribution mode of its Structure of the cathode and the anode and negative electrode aluminium liquid is completely different from existing aluminium cell, belongs to a kind of inclination anode and cathode water conservancy diversion electrolyzer, and has increased block filler and preset pieces.Concrete difference is as follows:
1. the present invention describes the reinforced W shape aluminium cell of a kind of single-point and block filler thereof, it is characterized in that oblique anode (1,21) is made up of 2 conductive carbon blocks, independent suspension, block filler (4,24) the composition W shape anode group of oblique anode and both sides, anode conducting face and conductivity surface of cathode equidistantly arrange;
2. single-point charge cavity is arranged between two oblique anodes, and charge cavity (3) is formed or directly utilized the gap of anode as charge cavity by two semicircles on oblique anode (1,21);
3. bottom angled negative electrode (2,22) and sidewall carbon brick (7) composition " mountain " font cathode sets, inclination negative electrode (2,22) two ends are provided with square (6) or half V-arrangement curb (26), and the conducting surface of inclination negative electrode (2,22) and the angle theta of plummet are: 15 ° or 75 ° < θ≤90 ° of 0 ° of < θ <;
4. block filler (4,24) is arranged between anode (1,21) and sidewall carbon brick (7), can be electro-conductive material or non-conducting material, also can adopt multiple material produced with combination;
5. on block filler (4,24), preset pieces (5,25) is housed, preset pieces can be that fritter can be also tabular greatly; Preset pieces (35) also can directly be contained on negative electrode (2);
6. block filler (4,24) hangs separately by hanging (13), and free lifting, can connect power supply or not connect power supply;
Energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention, its Operating parameters and method and current Hall-Ai Lute electrolysis of aluminum and other water conservancy diversion electrolysis tech have three remarkable differences: first, adopt preset pieces (5, 25, 35) accurately control anode (1, 21) spacing and between sidewall carbon brick (7), avoid between anode and carbon piece because of the too short generation electric arc of distance, also needn't reserve excessive gap, spacing between anode and sidewall carbon brick can be reduced to 5～10 ㎝, cell dimension significantly reduces, area of dissipation is corresponding reducing also, final ton aluminium power consumption significantly declines, the secondth, adopt polylith block filler (4,24) to regulate the aluminium liquid height in curb: in groove when the less and electrobath start of newborn aluminium liquid, block filler puts down, take most of curb (6,26) space, hindering liquid electrolyte and aluminium liquid flows in curb, prevent ionogen Yin Wendu from declining and form crust, in ionogen, crystal seed aluminium also keeps ideal concentration simultaneously, in the time that the aluminium liquid of output in groove is more, block filler rises, the curb that soars, and aluminium liquid flows in ditch, the 3rd is that block filler can also be made filling electrode, after energising, crusts for heat, alumina concentration, cleaning in regulating tank.The present invention, compared with existing aluminum electrolyzation technology, has advantages of that cell body size is little, cost is low, energy consumption significantly reduces, current efficiency significantly improves.
brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1. the single-point total Fig. 1 of W shape aluminum cell structure that feeds in raw material;
Fig. 2. the total Fig. 2 of the reinforced W shape sun cell construction of single-point;
Fig. 3. the anode vertical view in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4. the block filler C in Fig. 1 is to view;
Fig. 5. the block filler C in Fig. 2 is to view.
embodiment:
Energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention, forms " mountain " shape cell body lower part by groove shell (12), insulation and anti-leakage layer (11), sidewall carbon brick (7), bottom cathode carbon piece (8), negative electrode conduction rod iron (10) and cathode can (2,22); Formed cell body upper part of W type by inverted-V-shaped anode (1,21), anode hanging (9), block filler (4), block filler hanging (13).The special-shaped anode and cathode that the present invention is used, its manufacture method is similar to the manufacturing process of aluminum current electrolysis anode and cathode, and material, batching and addition means are identical, adopt equally anode top single-point reinforced.Difference is to adopt " mountain " and W shape anode and cathode to replace horizontal anode and cathode, has increased block filler.After being shaped, the roasting curing process of anode and cathode is identical with the technique of current horizontal anode and cathode.When electrolytic aluminum, except interpole gap is less and adopt block filler, all the other operating procedures are identical with current Hall-Ai Lute electrolysis process.
embodiment 1:
Under the electrolytical bench scale of 3kg, the square electrolyzer that adopts high purity graphite piece to make, is put in crucible oven, external heating type work, and " mountain " shape negative electrode all adopts high purity graphite piece to make with parallel with it anode, anode and cathode and plummet angle=76
°, water conservancy diversion furrow width 20mm, dark 30mm.Because external heat easily regulates temperature, block filler does not need energising, uses the thick corundum plate of 15mm to process.Ionogen adopts the conventional sodium aluminum fluoride 3kg of molecular ratio CR=2.3, after fusing, put into anode and be adjusted to and be parallel to conductivity surface of cathode, keep 950 DEG C and carry out electrolysis of aluminum, anode and cathode interpole gap 20mm, when electrolysis, bath voltage fluctuates between 2.8～3.0V, and Faradaic current fluctuates between 110～120A, and 813 grams of electrolytic aluminums are collected in electrolysis altogether after 48 hours.Calculating accordingly lab scale Faradaic current efficiency is 44.0%, and ton aluminium power consumption is 21210kWh/TAl.691 grams of horizontal anode and cathode electrolysis of aluminum test output electrolytic aluminums of equal conditions, the lab scale current efficiency that calculates thus conventional electrolysis aluminium is 38.3%, ton aluminium power consumption is 43800kWh/TAl.
embodiment 2:
As Fig. 1, pilot scale electrolyzer adopts two assistant anodes (1), and inverted-V-shaped hangs, and is designed to parallelogram prism according to electrolyzer space requirement, and length and width are thick is 50 × 50 × 20 ㎝; The length, width and height of " mountain " shape negative electrode (2) are of a size of 65 × 106 × 43cm, and curb (6) adopts squared design, and length and width are respectively 65 × 14 × 10cm deeply; Block filler (4) is designed to rectangular parallelepiped equally, thick 60 × 50 × 12cm that is respectively that grows tall, and side adopts preset pieces (5) to control self and the spacing of sidewall carbon brick, top independent suspension, connection power supply, anode and cathode and block filler (5) are all adopted graphite block and are processed.The in-built ionogen 230kg of electrolyzer, electrolyte ingredient is with example 1.Angle=14 of negative electrode (2) conducting surface and plummet
.。950 DEG C of electrolysis temperatures, carry out from thermal electrolysis, and Faradaic current design load is 4000A, and real work electric current fluctuates between 3990～4100A, and the interpole gap of anode and cathode is still 2 ㎝ 2 ㎜, and bath voltage fluctuates between 2.9～3.0V.Through continuous autothermal electrolysis of aluminum in 240 hours, collect electrolytic aluminum 210kg, use tracer method, go out the last time aluminium and add tracer atom copper in first 48 hours, calculate thus the electrolytic aluminum 22kg altogether that residues in electrolyzer, above two add up to product aluminium 232kg.The mean current of electrolysis is 4119A, and average cell voltage is 2.98V.The current efficiency that calculates accordingly pilot scale electrolysis is 89.05%, and the ton aluminium power consumption of pilot scale electrolysis is: 12700kwh/TAl.
embodiment 3:
As Fig. 2, pilot scale electrolyzer adopts two anodes (21) to be rigidly connected, and inverted-V-shaped hangs, and every anode is designed to Polygons prism according to electrolyzer space requirement, and length and width are thick is 50 × 50 × 20 ㎝; The length, width and height of " mountain " shape cathode can (22) are of a size of 80 × 106 × 41cm, and curb (26) adopts half V-arrangement design, and length and width are respectively 80 × 20 × 20cm deeply; Block filler (24) respective design becomes half arrow-shaped, thick 80 × 50 × 10cm that is respectively that grows tall, and top independent suspension, does not connect power supply, and anode and cathode and block filler all adopt semi-graphite charcoal piece to process.Other condition, with embodiment 2, is carried out autothermal electrolysis, and design current intensity is 4000A, and real work fluctuation of current is in 4000～4160A.The interpole gap of anode and cathode is 2 ㎝ 2 ㎜.Through the continuous electrolysis of 240 hours, collect electrolytic aluminum 209.9kg.Average cell voltage in electrolytic process is 3.05V, and average Faradaic current is 4013A, and calculating accordingly pilot scale Faradaic current efficiency is 80.13%, and ton aluminium power consumption is 14000kWh/TAl.The horizontal anode and cathode electrolyzer of contrast under equal conditions, electrolysis is after 168 hours, output electrolytic aluminum 157.2kg, average cell voltage is 4.25V, average Faradaic current is 4039A, and the current efficiency of water outlet Pingyin anode is 69.04% at last accordingly, and unit aluminium electrogenesis energy consumption is 18340kWh/TAl.
Claims (7)
1. the reinforced W shape anode aluminium cell of single-point, is characterized in that the block filler of oblique anode and both sides forms W shape anode group; Anode conducting face and conductivity surface of cathode equidistantly arrange.
2. single-point charge cavity is arranged between two oblique anodes, and charge cavity is formed or directly utilized the gap of anode as charge cavity by two semicircles on oblique anode, is the principal passage of adding aluminum oxide.
3. bottom angled negative electrode and sidewall carbon brick composition " mountain " font cathode sets, inclination negative electrode two ends are provided with square or half V-arrangement curb; The conducting surface of inclination negative electrode and plummet angle theta are: 15 ° or 75 ° < θ≤90 ° of 0 ° of < θ <.
4. block filler is arranged between anode and sidewall carbon brick, can be electro-conductive material or non-conducting material, also can adopt multiple material produced with combination; When in electrobath start and groove, aluminium liquid is less, block filler puts down, and occupies most of curb space; While having a large amount of throw out in generation crust or curb, conductive fill piece can switch on power; When in groove, aluminium liquid is more, block filler rises, and vacates a large amount of curbs space, allows aluminium liquid flow in ditch.
5. block filler hangs separately, and free lifting can connect power supply or not connect power supply.
6. preset pieces is embedded on block filler or anode, can be that fritter can be also tabular greatly, for accurately controlling the distance between anode and sidewall carbon brick.
7. the reinforced inclination guide flow type aluminum electrolyzation technology of single-point, aluminum oxide enters from the single-point charge cavity of anode top, and the aluminium drop producing at negative electrode By Electrolysis is in downward-sloping negative electrode flows into curb.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103510113A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-01-15 | 王飚 | Semi-vertical cathode-anode energy-saving aluminum electrolysis cell |
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| US3960696A (en) * | 1974-06-18 | 1976-06-01 | Gebr. Giulini Gmbh | Aluminum electrolysis furnace |
| CN2490169Y (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2002-05-08 | 冯乃祥 | Draw-off TiB2-black-lead composite cathode aluminium electric tank |
| CN201317814Y (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-09-30 | 高德金 | Energy-saving aluminum reduction cell |
| CN101671834A (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2010-03-17 | 付念华 | Method for suppressing aluminum liquid movement in electrobath during operation and damping blocks |
| CN101805914A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-08-18 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Bottom cathode diversion type rare earth electrolysis cell |
| CN101985762A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-03-16 | 云南铝业股份有限公司 | Continuous-anode vertical V-shaped double-bevel aluminum electrolytic tank |
| CN102002731A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 王飚 | Energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell and method thereof |
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2013
- 2013-02-22 CN CN201310056801.5A patent/CN104005052B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3960696A (en) * | 1974-06-18 | 1976-06-01 | Gebr. Giulini Gmbh | Aluminum electrolysis furnace |
| CN2490169Y (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2002-05-08 | 冯乃祥 | Draw-off TiB2-black-lead composite cathode aluminium electric tank |
| CN201317814Y (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2009-09-30 | 高德金 | Energy-saving aluminum reduction cell |
| CN101671834A (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2010-03-17 | 付念华 | Method for suppressing aluminum liquid movement in electrobath during operation and damping blocks |
| CN101805914A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-08-18 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Bottom cathode diversion type rare earth electrolysis cell |
| CN102002731A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 王飚 | Energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell and method thereof |
| CN101985762A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-03-16 | 云南铝业股份有限公司 | Continuous-anode vertical V-shaped double-bevel aluminum electrolytic tank |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103510113A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-01-15 | 王飚 | Semi-vertical cathode-anode energy-saving aluminum electrolysis cell |
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