CN105256337B - A kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell - Google Patents
A kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN105256337B CN105256337B CN201510783550.XA CN201510783550A CN105256337B CN 105256337 B CN105256337 B CN 105256337B CN 201510783550 A CN201510783550 A CN 201510783550A CN 105256337 B CN105256337 B CN 105256337B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, anode middle position leaves gap and bottom surface is the four circumferential concave surfaces being centrally depressed, a negative electrode is correspondingly provided with below each anode, in the raised exotic material of negative electrode embedment, the top of negative electrode is circular arc convex surface and protrudes outside high temperature insulating material, electric insulation layer is provided between exotic material and negative electrode, the metal ditch for having exotic material recessed between each two negative electrode and being formed, cathode steel bar is located at the bottom of negative electrode and is connected with negative electrode, graphite block is filled between cathode steel bar, electric insulation layer is provided between graphite block and cathode steel bar, blanking device is arranged at cell body top.Negative electrode convex surface of the present invention is higher than high-temperature insulating layer, makes to be moved on the high-temperature area of electrolytic cell.Metal ditch designed by electrolytic cell reduces the contact area of metal and electrolyte, and returning for suppression metal is molten, improves current efficiency.The anode shape of electrolytic cell is conducive to anode gas bubble to discharge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rare earth molten-salt electrolysis field, and in particular to a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell.
Background technology
It is open type that the electrolytic cell of current industrial production rare earth metal is suitable for reading, and negative electrode and anode are cylinder parallel vertical cloth
Put.This structure causes that existing re metal electrolyzing production efficiency is low, environmental pollution is serious, technological parameter fluctuation is big and difficult
To realize maximization and automate, the further development of serious obstruction Rare Earth Electrolysis technology.Research shows：Existing structure rare earth electricity
Solution groove cell body opening heat loss through radiation accounts for the 44.5% of total heat expenditure, and electricity is maintained by high voltage so as to cause electrolytic cell to be had to
Solve the thermal balance of groove.And during overtension, when understanding oxide concentration deficiency in the electrolyte, decompose rare earth fluoride serious,
Fluoro-gas is produced directly to discharge and pollute environment.Therefore, the new structure rare earth electrolysis cell of exploitation large-scale energy-saving environmental protection is real
Existing Rare Earth Electrolysis industry and its key of technology development.
Therefore, researcher proposes the liquid metal using electrolytic process as cathode construction, such as patent
CN101368282A and CN200952043Y, they solve the wiring of upper plug type structure using the wire laying mode of bottom cathode
Problem, but due to the electrolytic metal of the structure be constantly in electrolysis region in, easily cause electrolysis after rare earth metal easily by
Secondary oxidation, therefore current efficiency is low.It is convex for the anode of arc-shaped concave and top that patent CN101805914A uses bottom
The negative electrode in face is corresponding, to reach the purpose of low anodic current density and cathode-current density high, but because anode bottom is inside
Depression, the bubble of anode bottom generation is difficult discharge, easily forms air film in anode bottom, or even triggers anode effect, equally
The metal that there is also precipitation is big with electrolyte melt contact surface, the low problem of current efficiency.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of new Rare Earth Electrolysis slot structure, and the electrolytic cell anode and cathode is full with upper and lower arrangement
Required low anodic current density, the requirement of cathode-current density high during foot Rare Earth Electrolysis, and be conducive to anode gas
Bubble discharge, reduces tank voltage.Using projection negative electrode so that moved on the high temperature exothermic region of electrolytic cell, high temperature is alleviated to electrolysis
The corrosion of trench bottom liner, is conducive to extending bath life and reduces the secondary response of metal, improves current efficiency.The hair
It is bright to also achieve enclosed construction, efficiently solve the problems, such as exhaust collection and open electrolytic cell thermal loss.And the electrolytic cell institute
The negative electrode electrically conducting manner and cutting mode taken, are advantageously implemented the automatic blanking control of electrolytic cell, are remarkably improved rare earth electricity
Solve the automaticity of groove.The structure electrolysis groove overcome traditional rare earth electrolytic cell in electrolytic process pole span be continually changing and
The problems such as cannot adjusting, easily can control tank voltage and bath temperature by anode Height Adjustment pole span size, be electrolysed
Electric current need not be frequently adjusted in journey to control bath temperature, therefore, electric current can keep constant in electrolysis production, be also beneficial to electrolysis
The high capacity of groove, improves the production capacity and labor productivity of single groove.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, including hollow cell body, be provided with described cell body multiple anodes, multiple negative electrode,
Cathode steel bar, metal ditch, blanking device and graphite block, described anode middle position leaves gap and bottom surface is four circumferential central foveas
The concave surface entered, is correspondingly provided with a negative electrode below each anode, in the raised exotic material of described negative electrode embedment, negative electrode
Top for circular arc convex surface and protrusion outside high temperature insulating material, electric insulation layer is provided between exotic material and negative electrode, often
The metal ditch for having exotic material recessed between two negative electrodes and being formed, described cathode steel bar be located at the bottom of negative electrode and with
Negative electrode is connected, and graphite block is filled between cathode steel bar, and electric insulation layer, described blanking are provided between graphite block and cathode steel bar
Device is arranged at cell body top.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, anode bottom is arc-shaped concave, and each anode is by two anode block groups
Into two pieces of anodes surround a circular arc concave surface, and middle position reserves gap.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, anode bottom is arc-shaped concave, and often capable anode is by anode block group
Into often capable anode block is inverted L-shaped at head and the tail two, and the anode block of center section is T-shaped, and often the quantity of row anode is anode block
Quantity subtracts one.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, is rectangular-shape under the circular arc convex surface of cathode top, and top arc
Shape convex surface in the vertical direction is completely covered bottom.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, the material of negative electrode is tungsten or molybdenum or carbon.
Described a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, using oblique between cathode top arc convex surface and the exotic material of projection
Face is connected, and range of tilt angles is more than 0 ° and no more than 45 °.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, the blanking device is point feeding device, and quantity is at least one and is located at
Metal ditch top.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, cell body is provided with protective cover on anode top, and protective cover aspirates dress with flue gas
Put and be connected, make the presence of negative pressure in electrolytic cell, graphite block lower section is provided with impervious barrier, impervious barrier lower section is provided with heat-insulation layer, burner hearth side
Wall lays flame retardant coating and heat-insulation layer.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, cathode top is higher by exotic material 1-20cm.
A kind of described novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, described exotic material is by metal material or high-temperature insulation material
Construct and form.
Advantages of the present invention：
(1) a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell of the invention, achievable cathode-current density is significantly higher than anodic current density,
And Electric Field Distribution is uniform, be conducive to improving current efficiency, the polycrystalline substance of anode is to the recessed concave surface of middle body and central
Leave compared with big gap, be beneficial to bubble discharge.
(2) a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell of the invention uses closed structure, can reduce thermal loss, improves electric energy
Utilization rate, the effective tail gas collected produced by electrolytic process, improves workshop condition.
(3) a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell of the invention, negative electrode is convex surface, makes to be moved on the high-temperature area of electrolytic cell, is mitigated
Corrosion of the high temperature to electrolytic cell, extends the life-span of electrolytic cell, reduces the secondary response of metal, improves current efficiency.
A kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell of the invention uses bottom conductive and point feeding mode, is advantageously implemented electrolytic cell
Maximization and automation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Rare Earth Electrolysis slot structure and electrode arrangement top view；
Fig. 2 is the A-A profiles of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the B-B profiles of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the profile of embodiment 2.
Wherein 1 is anode, 2 is negative electrode, 3 is cathode steel bar, 4 is exotic material, 5 is flame retardant coating, 6 is heat-insulation layer, 7 are
Impervious barrier, 8 be protective cover, 9 be metal ditch, 10 be blanking device, 11 be graphite block.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, negative electrode is placed in the anode lower section of the present embodiment, and anode bottom is arc-shaped concave, negative electrode
Top is circular arc convex surface, and an anode of the present embodiment is combined into by two anode blocks, and a seam is reserved between two anode blocks
Gap, by the combination in concave surface and gap, discharges bubble rapider, without being trapped in anode bottom.The present embodiment is in electrolysis
6 anodes and corresponding 6 negative electrodes are provided with groove altogether.Anode is graphite, and negative electrode is tungsten.Negative electrode is embedded in the high-temperature insulation of projection
The crisscross metal ditch being made up of high temperature insulating material is formed in material, between negative electrode to be used to collect liquid metals, negative electrode
Bottom is connected with cathode steel bar, and the every cathode steel bar of the present embodiment connects two negative electrodes of same row.Two cathode steel bars
Between fill graphite block, be electrically insulated with high temperature insulating material between graphite block and cathode steel bar, it is ensured that electric current only through negative electrode
Flowed out with cathode steel bar.Negative electrode convex surface uses gradient to be connected for 5 ° of slope with metal ditch, and negative electrode convex surface is higher by insulating barrier
5cm, cathode steel bar lower section laying impervious barrier, impervious barrier lower section building heat-insulation brick.Build the insulation of square by laying bricks or stones in rare earth electrolysis cell outside
Build the refractory brick of square by laying bricks or stones in brick, inner side.Electrolytic cell top is covered using Aluminum cover, prevents heat to scatter and disappear, and outside electrolytic cell
Connection flue gas aspirator, to adsorb the pernicious gas produced in electrolytic process.Blanking is carried out using the method for point feeding, under
The quantity of glassware is 1, and blanking point is located at the metal ditch in the middle of two row's anodes.
Embodiment 2：
Referring to Fig. 4, negative electrode is placed in the anode lower section of the present embodiment, and anode bottom is arc-shaped concave, and cathode top is circle
Arc convex, the present embodiment is provided with 6 anodes and 6 negative electrodes altogether in upper part of the electrolytic cell, is divided into the setting of two rows, and often row has corresponding
3 anodes and 3 negative electrodes, 3 anodes of the present embodiment a line are combined into by 4 anode blocks, and two middle anode blocks are T-shaped,
Two anode blocks of both sides are inverted L-shaped, and the anode being combined into reserves a gap above negative electrode, by concave surface and the knot in gap
Close, discharge bubble rapider, without being trapped in anode bottom.Anode is graphite, and negative electrode is molybdenum.Negative electrode is embedded in projection
The crisscross metal ditch being made up of metal material is formed in metal material, between negative electrode to be used to collect liquid metals, negative electrode
Bottom is connected with cathode steel bar.Graphite block is filled between cathode steel bar, with high-temperature insulation material between graphite block and cathode steel bar
Material is electrically insulated, and is also electrically insulated between negative electrode and metal material, it is ensured that electric current only flows out through negative electrode and cathode steel bar.It is cloudy
Pole convex surface uses gradient to be connected for 10 ° of slope with metal ditch, and negative electrode convex surface is higher by insulating barrier 10cm, cathode steel bar lower section paving
Set up defences infiltration layer, prevent electrolyte and metal seepage.Impervious barrier lower section building heat-insulation brick.Build square by laying bricks or stones in rare earth electrolysis cell cell body outside
Insulating brick, inner side builds the refractory brick of square by laying bricks or stones.Electrolytic cell top is covered using Aluminum cover, prevents heat to scatter and disappear, and electricity
There is negative pressure in solution groove, to adsorb the pernicious gas produced in electrolytic process.Blanking, blanking are carried out using the method for point feeding
The quantity of device is 3, and blanking point is located at the metal ditch in the middle of two row's anodes.
Embodiment 3：
Negative electrode is placed in the anode lower section of the present embodiment, and anode bottom is arc-shaped concave, and cathode top is circular arc convex surface,
One anode of the present embodiment is combined into by two anode blocks, a gap is reserved between two anode blocks, by concave surface and gap
Combination, discharge bubble rapider, without being trapped in anode bottom.The present embodiment is provided with 6 anodes altogether in electrolytic cell
With corresponding 6 negative electrodes.Anode is graphite, and negative electrode is carbon.Negative electrode is embedded in the high temperature insulating material of projection, shape between negative electrode
It is used to collect liquid metals into the crisscross metal ditch being made up of high temperature insulating material, cathode bottom is connected with cathode steel bar
Connect, the every cathode steel bar of the present embodiment connects two negative electrodes of same row.Graphite block, graphite are filled between two cathode steel bars
It is electrically insulated with high temperature insulating material between block and cathode steel bar, it is ensured that electric current only flows out through negative electrode and cathode steel bar.It is cloudy
Pole convex surface uses gradient to be connected for 45 ° of slope with metal ditch, and negative electrode convex surface is higher by insulating barrier 20cm, cathode steel bar lower section paving
Set up defences infiltration layer, impervious barrier lower section building heat-insulation brick.The insulating brick of square is built in rare earth electrolysis cell outside by laying bricks or stones, and inner side builds the resistance to of square by laying bricks or stones
Firebrick.Electrolytic cell top is covered using Aluminum cover, prevents heat to scatter and disappear, and flue gas aspirator is connected outside electrolytic cell, with
The pernicious gas produced in absorption electrolytic process.Blanking is carried out using the method for point feeding, the quantity of blanking device is 6, under
Shots are located at the metal ditch in the middle of two row's anodes.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell, it is characterised in that including hollow cell body, multiple anodes are provided with described cell body
(1), multiple negative electrodes (2), cathode steel bar (3), metal ditch (9), blanking device (10) and graphite block (11), described anode center position
It is the four circumferential concave surfaces being centrally depressed to put and leave gap and bottom surface, and a negative electrode is correspondingly provided with below each anode, described
In the raised exotic material (4) of negative electrode (2) embedment, the top of negative electrode is circular arc convex surface and protrudes in high temperature insulating material
Outward, electric insulation layer is provided between exotic material and negative electrode, is had exotic material recessed between each two negative electrode and is formed
Metal ditch (9), described cathode steel bar (3) is connected positioned at the bottom of negative electrode and with negative electrode, filled stone between cathode steel bar (3)
Ink stick (11), is provided with electric insulation layer between graphite block and cathode steel bar, described blanking device is arranged at cell body top；Cathode top
It is higher by exotic material (4) 1-20cm.
2. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that anode (1) bottom is that circular arc is recessed
Face, each anode is made up of two anode blocks, and two pieces of anodes (1) surround a circular arc concave surface, and middle position reserves gap.
3. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that anode (1) bottom is that circular arc is recessed
Face, often capable anode is inverted L-shaped at head and the tail two by anode block composition, often capable anode block, and the anode block of center section is T
Shape, often the quantity of row anode subtract one for anode number of blocks.
4. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the circular arc at the top of negative electrode (2) is convex
It is rectangular-shape under face, and top arc shape convex surface in the vertical direction is completely covered bottom.
5. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of negative electrode be tungsten or molybdenum or
Carbon.
6. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cathode top arc convex surface with it is raised
Exotic material between be connected using inclined-plane, range of tilt angles is more than 0 ° and no more than 45 °.
7. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the blanking device (10) is under point type
Glassware, quantity is at least one and positioned at metal ditch top.
8. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cell body is provided with protection on anode top
Lid (8), protective cover is connected with flue gas aspirator, makes the presence of negative pressure in electrolytic cell, and graphite block lower section is provided with impervious barrier (7),
Impervious barrier lower section is provided with heat-insulation layer (6), and burner hearth sidewall from inside to outside lays flame retardant coating (5) and heat-insulation layer (6) successively.
9. a kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described exotic material (4) is
Constructed by metal material or high-temperature insulation material and formed.
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| CN201510783550.XA CN105256337B (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2015-11-13 | A kind of novel rare-earth electrolytic cell |
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| CN105624736B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-01-09 | 中南大学 | A kind of rare earth molten salt electrolytic of novel electrode structure |
| CN106119900A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-16 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | A kind of electrolysis produces rare earth metal square-shaped electrode |
| CN106086941B (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2019-04-12 | 四川省乐山市科百瑞新材料有限公司 | Dumb-bell shape re metal electrolyzing graphite cuvette |
| CN106283122B (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2019-03-15 | 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 | Electrolytic furnace |
| CN109706483A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | Large capacity Rare Earth Electrolysis slot device |
| CN109989073B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2020-06-12 | 郑州大学 | Multi-chamber rare earth molten salt electrolytic cell |
| CN115074781B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-03-15 | 东北大学 | Bottom cathode rare earth electrolytic tank |
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| CN101922018A (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-22 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Novel aluminum electrolytic bath |
| CN102146569A (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-10 | 高德金 | Anode carbon block with centre joint groove |
| CN101805914B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-16 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Bottom cathode diversion type rare earth electrolysis cell |
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