CN103510113A - Semi-vertical cathode-anode energy-saving aluminum electrolysis cell - Google Patents
Semi-vertical cathode-anode energy-saving aluminum electrolysis cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN103510113A CN103510113A CN201310405995.5A CN201310405995A CN103510113A CN 103510113 A CN103510113 A CN 103510113A CN 201310405995 A CN201310405995 A CN 201310405995A CN 103510113 A CN103510113 A CN 103510113A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a semi-vertical cathode-anode energy-saving aluminum electrolysis cell with an auxiliary anode, and belongs to the technical field of nonferrous light metal metallurgy. An improved structure of the electrolysis cell is that: a suspended auxiliary anode is arranged between the lower end faces of two inclined semi-vertical anodes at a conductive plane or between the inclined anodes and a side carbon block. The lower end of the auxiliary anode extends to a position with pole spacing of 2-10cm from a horizontal cathode. With the electrolysis cell, energy consumption can be greatly reduced, and current efficiency is further improved. Also, problems of short cathode working life caused by cathode overheat and that part of electrolytic aluminum is coated in electrolyte clot can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of half vertical anode and cathode energy-saving aluminum cell, belong to coloured light-weight metal metallurfgy technical field.
Background technology
Current electrolysis of aluminum all adopts Hall-Ai Lute (Hall-Heroult) technology always, and the feature of this method is that anode and cathode is all that tabular level is laid, and the interpole gap of anode and cathode is 4～6cm, and anode and cathode is carbon material.The advantage of this method is the excellent conductivity of anode and cathode material, and erosion resistance is good, simultaneously the simple shape of anode and cathode, easily processing and fabricating.But also there are some shortcomings in these apparatus and method: for example, in electrolytic process, on anode, discharge and the nascent oxygen atom of formation, anode carbon is oxidized, emit CO
2and CO, cause the pollution of environment; Secondly, in the tabular anode and cathode electrolysis of horizontal, the negative electrode aluminium that electrolysis goes out is to be covered with in cathode surface, continuity aluminium liquid layer thickness increase along with aluminium electrolysis process, the actual corresponding minimizing of interpole gap, aluminium liquid layer progressively anode is close, in addition because existing electromagnetic field effect to cause the disturbance of liquid aluminum in electrolyzer, this certainly will cause negative electrode aluminium to be increased by secondary oxidation, and its reaction formula is: Al (g)+CO
2(g) → Al
2o
3+ CO.Due to the restriction of secondary oxidation, cause the interpole gap of horizontal anode and cathode electrolysis of aluminum can only be between 4～6 ㎝, and interpole gap be the major decision sexual factor that unit produces aluminium amount power consumption.Existing data shows
[1,2], the volts lost (E that ionogen produces
electrolysis ) account for 38～39% of bath voltage sum, in each constituent element of bath voltage, (E
electrolysis ) shared ratio maximum, be secondly decomposition voltage (E
minute ), it accounts for 26% left and right of bath voltage.But (E
minute ) be not reducible index, reduce (E
minute ) will cause Al
2o
3can not be by electrolysis, the Main Means that therefore reduces bath voltage can only be to reduce electrolytical volts lost (E
electrolysis ).
(E
electrolysis ) can be calculated by following formula
[1]: E
electrolysis =ρ DL ... (1)
In formula: ρ is electrolytical than resistance, D is average current density, and L is interpole gap (cm).From (1) formula, if can make the interpole gap L of electrolysis decline 50%, the bath voltage of electrolyzer can reduce by 19～19.5%, and the energy consumption of corresponding electrolysis of aluminum also can produce in proportion and decline; Secondly be current efficiency (CE) again, it is the important technology economic target of electrolysis of aluminum.Reduce the current loss in aluminium electrolysis process, will cause the raising of current efficiency, and the aluminium generating on the major cause negative electrode of current loss and sodium generation secondary oxidation cause.Therefore reducing the secondary oxidation of aluminium and sodium on negative electrode, be also one of important means improving current efficiency, and the raising of current efficiency also can facilitate unit to produce the decline of aluminium amount electric energy consumption.Along with the progress of aluminum electrolyzation technology and the raising of equipment, current efficiency also brings up to 93～95% from early stage 85%
[1].Under horizontal anode and cathode electrolysis technology condition, this numerical value, close to the limit, further improve the secondary oxidation that current efficiency also needs to manage to reduce aluminium and sodium.
In sum, the secondary oxidation of high energy consumption, high pollution and aluminium is the main drawback of horizontal anode and cathode electrolysis.
In order to solve above-mentioned anode and cathode, be the deficiency that tabular level is laid electrolyzer existence, the inventor once proposed to replace current horizontal anode and cathode aluminium cell (seeing ZL2010105064567) with horizontal tri-prismoid inclination negative electrode, by lab scale and pilot scale, prove, the electrolyzer of this structure has energy-conservation 10～40% unusual effect.But in pilot scale, also expose the electrolyzer of this above-mentioned two kinds of different Structure of the cathode and the anodes, in the middle room district of negative electrode and side wall carbon block, not good enough because of conductive condition, can produce aborning partial electrolysis matter and solidify, and part electrolytic aluminum is wrapped in grumeleuse.In addition, the electrolyzer of ZL2010105064567 patent cathode construction is because there being 4 large faces to be immersed in high-temperature electrolysis matter melt, and only very small area face amplexiforms radiating surface, and this easily causes the overheated of negative electrode and causes negative electrode working life short.
reference
[1] Liu Yexiang, Li Ji etc. " modern aluminum electrolysis " (M), metallurgical industry press (in August, 2008)
[2] Qiu Zhuxian: " principle of electrolysis of aluminum " (M), press of China Mining University.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing aluminum electrolyzation technology, and the deficiency that overcomes the last patent of the inventor, and provide a kind of energy consumption significantly to reduce, the molten-salt electrolytic aluminum new device that current efficiency also further improves, it can effectively solve partial electrolysis matter and solidifies and part electrolytic aluminum is wrapped in to the phenomenon in grumeleuse, and it is overheated and cause the short problem of negative electrode working life to solve negative electrode.
Realizing the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention takes is: the supplementary anode of suspention is set between the lower surface of the two and half perpendicular anodes that tilt at conducting surface or between oblique anode and side wall carbon block, supplementary anode lower end extend to and with the interpole gap of horizontal cathode be 2～10cm.
Further technical scheme of the present invention also comprises: the center vertical guide of electrolyzer of take is benchmark, angle theta numerical range between two conducting surfaces and horizontal plane be set in horizontal cathode (1) be the half perpendicular negative electrode (2) of 3 °～85 °, two halves erect negative electrode (2) and form inverse Ba type, and the conducting surface of two and half perpendicular anodes (7) is parallel with half perpendicular negative electrode (2) conducting surface; The bonding surface of half perpendicular negative electrode (2), horizontal cathode (1) and side wall carbon block (5) is all stuck with paste adhesive bond with cold cathode.Two and half vertical anodes are connected with conduction rod iron by the screw at anode boss center, or connect with the cast of phosphorus cast iron.
For preventing that supplementary anode from contacting and causing conduction short circuit with half perpendicular negative electrode, between two and half described perpendicular anodes, to suspend a supplementary anode in midair and extend in the gap of half perpendicular negative electrode, the interpole gap of supplementary anode and horizontal cathode is 2～10 ㎝; The front view section of supplementary anode is processed into inverted trapezoidal shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the side-view of supplementary anode is rectangle, and keep in touch with half perpendicular anode in the gap that the top of supplementary anode is stuck between half perpendicular anode.Rely on the effects of the gravity horizontal component of two and half perpendicular anodes, can guarantee to produce close contact between supplementary anode and two and half perpendicular anodes and obtain power supply, also can obtain and power from the conduction rod iron of supplementary anode.
On every half described perpendicular anode, be symmetrically arranged with two Al
2o
3charge cavity, the aperture of charge cavity is 6～18cm, pitch-row is>=20cm.The conducting surface of half perpendicular negative electrode can be made by graphite or semi-graphite carbon cellulosic material, also can be by carbon material base material and TiB
2the synthetic matrix material of coating is made.
Useful technique effect performance of the present invention is as follows: although having solved at front patent ZL2010105064567 the unit that conventional electrolysis groove that tabular anode and cathode level lays exists and produce aluminium amount electric energy consumption height and with serious pollution problem of the inventor, energy-conservationly reach 10～40%, but its structures shape the area of dissipation of negative electrode less, be easy to cause the overheated of negative electrode and cause negative electrode working life short.The present invention, keeping, on the energy-conservation basis of ZL2010105064567 patent, having solved the less problem of radiating surface of its existing negative electrode, can extend negative electrode working life greatly.In addition, two oblique anodes of the present invention are disconnected from each other, compare with ZL2010105064567, have advantages of and more easily accurately adjust interpole gap.Moreover, adopt the supplementary anode of special structure of the present invention, can not only obtain smoothly and start, and ZL2010105064567 patent and the regional area electrolyte coagulation phenomenon between the previous existing anode of same use patent have been solved, the aluminium of electrolysis output is wrapped in the ionogen solidifying, the problem that can not take out smoothly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the structure of the vertical anode and cathode aluminium cell of the present invention half is always schemed.
Fig. 2 is the A-A horizontal sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is half perpendicular anode vertical view.
Fig. 4 is for the supplementary anode B that matches with Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 5 is that the structure of the electrolyzer of another example of the present invention is always schemed.
Fig. 6 is that the supplementary anode C that mates with Fig. 5 is to view.
In figure, each label is: 1-horizontal cathode, the perpendicular negative electrode of 2-half, 3-electrolyzer outer cover of steel plate, the thermal insulation layer of 4-electrolyzer, 5-side wall carbon block, 6-conducts electricity rod iron, the perpendicular anode of 7-half, 8-supplementary anode conduction rod iron, 9-supplementary anode, 10-negative electrode conduction rod iron, 11-charge cavity, 12-goes out aluminium instrument access hole, and 14-is like tri-prismoid carbon cathode, 15-oblique anode, 16-anode conducting rod iron, 17-corundum insulation rod, 18-supplementary anode charcoal element plate, 19-supplementary anode conduction rod iron screw, 20-corundum rod screws in blind hole.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1～4, the constructional feature of this improved half vertical anode and cathode energy-saving aluminum cell is: the center vertical guide of electrolyzer of take is benchmark, angle theta numerical range between two conducting surfaces and horizontal plane be set in horizontal cathode 1 be the half perpendicular negative electrode 2 of 3 °～85 °, the surface of the perpendicular negative electrode 2 of two halves has formed inverse Ba type, and the conducting surface of two and half perpendicular anodes 7 is parallel with the conducting surface of half perpendicular negative electrode 2, and profiling each other; The bonding surface of half perpendicular negative electrode 2, horizontal cathode 1 and side wall carbon block 5 is all stuck with paste adhesive bond with cold cathode, thereby can guarantee that cathode assembly has good electroconductibility.Between two and half perpendicular anodes 7, suspend a supplementary anode 9 in midair, and the lower end of supplementary anode 9 extends in the gap of two and half perpendicular negative electrode 2 lower surfaces, supplementary anode 9 is 2～10cm with the interpole gap of horizontal cathode 1; The front view section of supplementary anode 9 is processed into inverted trapezoidal shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the side-view of supplementary anode 9 is rectangle (rectangle or square), the top of supplementary anode 9 is stuck in the gap between two and half perpendicular anode 7 lower surfaces, rely on the effect of the gravity horizontal component of two and half perpendicular anodes 7, can guarantee to produce close contact between supplementary anode 9 and two and half perpendicular anodes 7 and obtain power supply, also can obtain power supply from the conduction rod iron 8 of supplementary anode 9.On every half perpendicular anode 7, be symmetrically arranged with two Al
2o
3charge cavity 11, the aperture of charge cavity is 6～18cm, pitch-row is>=20cm.
In addition,, in the side wall of electrolyzer surrounding, between side wall carbon block and box hat, arrange successively dry type impervious to leak, high-quality thermal insulating brick and rock cotton board.In the bottom construction of electrolyzer, below horizontal cathode, arrange successively dry type impervious to leak, the lagging materials such as high-quality thermal insulating brick, diatomite brick and silicic acid cover plate, rock cotton board, these are all identical with the structure of conventional electrolysis groove.
Also identical with the starting method of aluminum current electrolysis production aspect the intensification roast startup of electrolyzer.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: under the electrolytical bench scale of 3 ㎏, for simplifying electrolyzer preparation technology, adopt square graphite crucible electrolyzer, by the mode of Fig. 1, build Simple electrolytic tank, the angle theta between inclination negative electrode and horizontal plane is 85 °.Electrolytical molecular ratio is 2.5, in square graphite crucible, pack into after 3 ㎏ ionogen, be put in crucible furnace, external heating type heats up and melts, after material melting, add electrolysis seed aluminum, then put into subsequently the inclination angle profiling anode identical with negative electrode, at 950～970 ℃, carry out electrolysis of aluminum, anode and cathode interpole gap 2 ㎝, during electrolysis, cell voltage fluctuation is between 2.8～3.1 volts, and Faradaic current fluctuates between 50～70A, adopts artificial discontinuous to add Al
2o
3, within every 10 minutes, add once.Electrolysis stops electrolysis in 40 hours, collects 336 grams of electrolytic aluminums (still having the suitable dispersion of fine-grannular aluminium and double team can not collect in ionogen), calculates current efficiency and is about 41.6%, and unit produces aluminium energy consumption 21.49kwh/ ㎏ Al.But when under same size, water Pingyin anode carries out electrolysis of aluminum, average cell voltage is about 4.5 volts, the energy consumption that current efficiency is about 38%， unit's product aluminium amount is: 35.3kwh/ ㎏ Al.Both compare energy-conservation 38% left and right that reaches.Compare with ZL2010105064567 patent, negative electrode working life is short has extended 20～30%, and does not find that electrolytic aluminum is wrapped in the phenomenon in grumeleuse.
Embodiment 2: under pilot scale, adopt the mode of Fig. 1 to design and build electrolyzer, the angle theta of inclination conductivity surface of cathode and horizontal plane is about 40 °, and electrolytical Intake Quantity is 260～280 ㎏, and anode dimension is 59 * 56 * 20 ㎝.Electrolyte ingredient is with example 1, the material of anode and cathode is identical with the anode and cathode material of aluminum current electrolysis industry, for meeting the needs of self-heating, the design load of Faradaic current is 4000A, real work electric current is 3000～3950A, amounting to the electrolysis electricity time is 500 hours, but because the process at electrolysis initial stage is unstable, (crossing of two pairs of anode and cathode is electric unequal, each position temperature of electrolyzer is uneven, thereby cause that interpole gap and bath voltage can not accurately control to preset value), at electrolyzer unstable state regularly, will stop adding Al
2o
3, and make great efforts to make the state trend of electrolyzer in stable and balance.After approximately 300 hours, electrolyzer operating mode tends towards stability steadily, and bath voltage remains on about 3.8 volts, after this adds continuously Al
2o
3, after 500 hours, stopping electrolysis, 98 kilograms of output electrolysis aluminium ingots, produce and disperse approximately more than 21 kilogram, aluminium.After calculating, the current efficiency of 200 hours is 59.45%, and electric energy consumption is 19.06kwh/ ㎏ Al.But the horizontal anode and cathode electrolyzer of the equal size contrasting with energy-saving groove, after electrolysis 200 hours, output electrolysis ingot approximately 96.7 ㎏, produce and disperse approximately 14.5 kilograms, aluminium, approximately 4.8～5.6 volts of the bath voltages of latter 200 hours (average 5.2 volts), the current efficiency of calculating latter 200 hours is about 55.2%, and electric energy consumption is 27.67kwh/ ㎏ Al, energy-saving effect approximately 31%.Compare with ZL2010105064567 patent, negative electrode working life is short has extended 20～30%, and does not find that electrolytic aluminum is wrapped in the phenomenon in grumeleuse.
Embodiment 3: under pilot scale, adopt the mode of Fig. 5 to design and build electrolyzer, the angle theta of inclination negative electrode and horizontal plane is 4 °, and electrolytical Intake Quantity is 260～280 kilograms, anode dimension 59 * 55 * 20 ㎝.Electrolytical composition and add-on are with example 2, and electrolysis total time is 500 hours, and electrolysis operating mode ratio 2 is easier to control, and at last 200 hours of electrolysis, bath voltage can be stabilized in 3.5～4.5 volts (average 4.2 volts).After electrolysis knot speed, output electrolysis aluminium ingot is approximately 97.4 kilograms, produces and disperses approximately 11.5 kilograms, aluminium, and the electrolysis result of calculating latter 200 hours is current efficiency approximately 54.7%, and it is 24.51kwh/ ㎏ Ae that unit produces aluminium electric energy consumption.Compare saving energy 12.91% with the energy consumption (27.67kwh/ ㎏ Al) of the horizontal anode and cathode electrolyzer of same size.Compare with ZL2010105064567 patent, negative electrode working life is short has extended 20～30%, and does not find that electrolytic aluminum is wrapped in the phenomenon in grumeleuse.
Claims (4)
1. one and half vertical anode and cathode energy-saving aluminum cells, it is characterized in that: supplementary anode (9) or (18) of suspention are set between the lower surface of the two and half perpendicular anodes (7) that tilt at conducting surface or between oblique anode (15) and side wall carbon block (5), supplementary anode lower end extend to and with the interpole gap of horizontal cathode (1) be 2～10cm.
2. by half vertical anode and cathode energy-saving aluminum cell claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the center vertical guide of electrolyzer of take is benchmark, angle theta numerical range between two conducting surfaces and horizontal plane be set in horizontal cathode (1) be the half perpendicular negative electrode (2) of 3 °～85 °, two halves erect negative electrode (2) and form inverse Ba type, and the conducting surface of two and half perpendicular anodes (7) is parallel with half perpendicular negative electrode (2) conducting surface; Half perpendicular negative electrode (2) is all stuck with paste adhesive bond with cold cathode with the bonding surface of horizontal cathode (1) and side wall carbon block (5).
3. by half vertical anode and cathode energy-saving aluminum cell claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: between two and half perpendicular anodes (7), suspend a supplementary anode (9) in midair and extend in the gap of two and half perpendicular negative electrodes (2), the interpole gap of supplementary anode and horizontal cathode (1) is 2～10 ㎝; The front view section of supplementary anode (9) is processed into inverted trapezoidal shape wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the side-view of supplementary anode (9) is rectangle, and the top of supplementary anode (9) is stuck in the gap between half perpendicular anode (7) and with half perpendicular anode and keeps in touch.
4. by half vertical anode and cathode energy-saving aluminum cell claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: on every half perpendicular anode (7), be symmetrically arranged with two Al
2o
3charge cavity (11), the aperture of charge cavity is 6～18cm, pitch-row is>=20cm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109689940A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-04-26 | 美国铝业公司 | Advanced aluminium electrolysis cell |
| CN110067008A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-30 | 中南大学 | Inner lining structure and the aluminium cell for specifically having the inner lining structure |
| CN114040997A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-02-11 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Electrolytic smelting furnace |
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| CN2490169Y (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2002-05-08 | 冯乃祥 | Draw-off TiB2-black-lead composite cathode aluminium electric tank |
| CN102002731A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 王飚 | Energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell and method thereof |
| CN103993332A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-20 | 王宇栋 | Energy-saving aluminium electrolysis tank and auxiliary pole thereof |
| CN104005052A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-27 | 王宇栋 | Single-point feeding W-shaped aluminum electrolysis cell and filling blocks thereof |
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2013
- 2013-09-09 CN CN201310405995.5A patent/CN103510113A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5227045A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1993-07-13 | Townsend Douglas W | Supersaturation coating of cathode substrate |
| US6358393B1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 2002-03-19 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminum production cell and cathode |
| CN2490169Y (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2002-05-08 | 冯乃祥 | Draw-off TiB2-black-lead composite cathode aluminium electric tank |
| CN102002731A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-04-06 | 王飚 | Energy-saving fused salt aluminum electrolysis cell and method thereof |
| CN103993332A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-20 | 王宇栋 | Energy-saving aluminium electrolysis tank and auxiliary pole thereof |
| CN104005052A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-27 | 王宇栋 | Single-point feeding W-shaped aluminum electrolysis cell and filling blocks thereof |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109689940A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-04-26 | 美国铝业公司 | Advanced aluminium electrolysis cell |
| CN110067008A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-30 | 中南大学 | Inner lining structure and the aluminium cell for specifically having the inner lining structure |
| CN114040997A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-02-11 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Electrolytic smelting furnace |
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Application publication date: 20140115 |